The purpose of the present research was to identify the challenges and opportunities of the “One Hundred Competitions in one Hundred Days” program in schools (case study: Boys’ futsal). The research method was qualitative, based on Grounded Theory with Glaser’s approach. The statistical population consisted of experts (professors, teachers, school principals, event organizers, and district sports specialists) active in the field of student sports. For sampling and conducting in-depth interviews, the snowball sampling method was used. The main research instrument was interviews conducted with 16 participants. The validity of the interview tool was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and expert professors, while reliability was assessed through the intra-subject agreement method, with the reliability coefficient calculated as 0.85. Data analysis was performed using the Grounded Theory method. The findings revealed that the challenges of the “100 Competitions in 100 Days” program in schools include: managerial and executive challenges, financial and economic issues, infrastructural limitations, shortage of specialized human resources, cultural and social challenges, and unfairness. Meanwhile, the opportunities of the program (case study: Boys’ futsal) consist of individual skill development, infrastructure improvement, educational opportunities for teachers, social and cultural benefits, and economic opportunities. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that school administrators can create favorable conditions for fostering individual skills such as quick decision-making, stress management, accuracy, and motor coordination among boys through the implementation of this program.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of social media personalization on brand loyalty with the mediating role of perceived value among football fans in southern Iraq. The research method was descriptive and cross-sectional, and the data were collected quantitatively. The statistical population of the study included football fans in southern Iraq, and the sample size was determined using    Sample Power software, which ultimately selected 348 people as an acceptable sample. Standard questionnaires related to social media personalization, brand loyalty, and perceived value were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics tests and external and internal model analysis using    and PLS software, and the error level was considered to be 0.05. The results of the study showed that social media personalization has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty of football fans in southern Iraq. Also, social media personalization has a significant effect on fans' perceived value, and perceived value as a mediator plays an important role in strengthening brand loyalty. In other words, increasing the level of social media personalization improves perceived value and, consequently, increases fan loyalty. The results also indicate the importance of clubs' strategic use of social media to directly and effectively interact with fans, strengthen brand attachment, and create lasting loyalty. The findings of this study are consistent with previous domestic and foreign research and indicate the practical application of the model under study in the football fan environment of southern Iraq.  

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of positive leadership on the career development of physical education teachers in Mosul, Iraq, with the mediating role of career enthusiasm. This study was quantitative in terms of its quantitative strategy and correlation type, cross-sectional in terms of its time, applied in terms of its purpose, and field in terms of data collection. The present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of its statistical population and included all physical education teachers in Mosul, whose number was determined to be 250. The sample size was determined using    Sample Power software based on a test power of 80%. The data collection tools included Cameron's (2008) Positive Leadership Questionnaire, Schoeffley et al.'s (2006) Career Development, and Kanter and Mishra's (2002) Career Enthusiasm. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data, and in the inferential section, Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used according to the type of data. Statistical analyses were performed using    version 26 and SmartPLS version 3 software at an error level of 0.05. The findings showed that positive leadership has a significant relationship with teachers' job satisfaction and career fulfillment, and career satisfaction also plays a significant mediating role in this relationship. The results of structural equation modeling also showed that the model of the effect of positive leadership on teachers' career fulfillment with the mediating role of career satisfaction has a good fit, and the hypothesized relationships of the study were confirmed.  

The overall objective of this study is to investigate the effect of social media marketing on the purchase intention of football fans by mediating consumer brand interaction among fans of Al-Zawra and Al-Jawiya teams in Iraq. The research method is descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. In this study, the relationships between variables were examined based on the conceptual model of the research and with the approach of correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all fans of Al-Zawra and Al-Jawiya football teams in Iraq who followed the official pages of these two clubs on the social network Instagram. The sampling method was non-probability and convenience sampling; in such a way that only people who (1) were fans of one of the two Al-Zawra or Al-Jawiya teams and (2) were active Instagram users and followers of their club's official page were included in the study. Given the uncertainty of the exact size of the statistical population, the Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size and finally 365 people were selected as the research sample. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data, including: the Social Media Marketing Questionnaire by Chung et al., the Purchase Intention Questionnaire by Han and Kim, and the Consumer Brand Engagement Questionnaire by Kaur et al. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (skewness, kurtosis, and structural equation modeling) and using    version 25 and Smart PLS version 3 software. The results of the study showed that social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on the purchase intention of football fans of Al-Zawra and Juyeh teams. The findings also indicate that consumer brand engagement plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between social media marketing and fans' purchase intention. Accordingly, it can be concluded that as the level of fans' interaction with the club brand through social media increases, their willingness to purchase the club's products and services will also increase.  

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of self-regulation and socialization on the sports participation of physical education teachers in Wasit, Iraq. This study was applied, quantitative, and cross-sectional, and used a deductive-hypothetical approach to examine the relationships between variables. The statistical population of the study included 208 physical education teachers, and the sample size was determined based on the Morgan table. Data were collected using standard and researcher-made questionnaires; including Ryan and Kennell's (1989) Sports Self-Regulation Questionnaire, Pellitier et al.'s (2013) Sports Participation Questionnaire, and Taormina's (1994) Organizational Socialization Questionnaire, as well as the researcher-made demographic characteristics questionnaire. To ensure the accuracy of the data, content and face validity, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient were examined, all of which showed acceptable values ??(? > 0.77). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling in    and Smart PLS software. The results showed that self-regulation and sociability have a significant positive effect on teachers' sports participation; self-regulation showed the highest direct effect and sociability showed the highest indirect effect on sports participation. Based on the findings, strengthening self-regulation skills and promoting sociability can help increase teachers' active and continuous participation in sports activities. This study provides valuable scientific evidence for educational and management planning of schools to improve sports activities.  

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of health literacy in selecting sources of information search for sports supplements in people referring to fitness clubs. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the present study is people referring to fitness clubs in Kermanshah city. Given the dispersion of fitness clubs in urban areas, the statistical sample is selected in a random-cluster manner. The Cochrane population trait distribution ratio formula was used to determine the sample size. According to this formula, the statistical sample of the present study was 372 people. The instrument used for this study was based on the standard health literacy questionnaires of "Wahl et al." (2021) and Kaktomani et al. (2019); Curry, Dossey, and Lucy (2023); Maughan, Depicy, and Geyer (2007). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure reliability, which was 0.88.    version 25 and PLS3 software were used to analyze the data and answer the research hypotheses. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, health literacy affects the selection of sources of information search for sports supplements in people who refer to fitness clubs. Health literacy also affects the characteristics of sports supplements sought by people who refer to fitness clubs, and finally, the characteristics sought play a mediating role in the relationship between health literacy and the selection of sources of information search for sports supplements in people who refer to fitness clubs. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that by including concepts related to health literacy, principles of supplement consumption, and how to refer to scientific sources in training courses, we can help athletes choose standard sports supplements.      

  Abstract Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis causes disability in the simplest daily activities and fatigue in the lower extremities. Based on the findings of previous studies, non-invasive brain stimulation as a new therapeutic strategy has played a significant role in increasing the excitability of motor neurons. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of closed motor chain training following seven consecutive sessions of non-invasive brain stimulation (tDCS vs. tPCS) on pain, balance, and motor function in women with knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 45 female patients with inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to one of the tDCS, tPCS, and control groups. The experimental group received real stimulation for 7 sessions and the control group received sham stimulation, then underwent closed motor chain training for 12 sessions (3 sessions per week) over a period of one month. Before and after the study interventions, pain intensity was assessed with the visual analogue scale (VAS), balance with the PT-Scan, knee joint proprioception with the inclinometer, quadriceps muscle electrical activity with the EMG, and motor function with the UGT and 40M tests were assessed by an evaluator. Findings:The findings of the present study, based on within-group comparison, showed that after five weeks of intervention, in all three groups of CKC exercises with tDCS stimulation, tPCS stimulation and the control group, the variables of static balance in the open eye state, knee proprioception, electrical activity and lower limb muscle strength had positive and significant improvements (p=0.001); and the results of the one-way ANOVA test in the between-group comparison of post-test data in these factors indicated a positive effect of the interventions on the aforementioned variables. However, there was no significant difference in the variables of pain intensity, fatigue, motor function (40-meter walk, going up and down stairs and UGT, WOMAC test), knee instability intensity, plantar pressure distribution and static balance in the closed eye state. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the present study, the closed motor chain training protocol and non-invasive brain stimulation (tDCS vs. tPCS) both had a significant effect on the research variables. Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, pain, fatigue, motor function, instability, proprioception, balance, closed-chain motor exercises, muscle electrical activity, tDCS, tPCS.

چكيده مقدمه: بسياري از آسيب­هاي رباط صليبي قدامي (ACL[1]) در شرايط غيرتماسي و در مانورهايي چون كاتينگ[2]، چرخش يا فرود به دنبال يك پرش، رخ مي­دهند. خستگي نيز به‌عنوان يك عامل شناخته شده در كاهش ظرفيت توليد نيروي عضله، مي­تواند كنترل حركات را تغيير داده و فرد را در معرض آسيب‌هايي چون پارگي ACL قرار دهد. تحريك جريان مستقيم فرا جمجمه‌اي (tDCS[3]) به‌عنوان روشي غيرتهاجمي در بهبود عملكردهاي عصبي - عضلاني مي‌تواند در مهار خستگي عصبي - عضلاني مؤثر واقع شود؛ بنابراين محققين در مطالعه حاضر به دنبال مقايسه اثرات تحريك آنودال نواحي قشر حركتي اوليه (M1[4]) و قشر پيش‌پيشاني جانبي (DLPFC[5]) بر حس عمقي مفصل زانو، تعادل ايستا، تعادل پويا و عملكرد حركتي پس از خستگي عصبي - عضلاني در زنان تمرين كرده بودند. روش­ها: در مطالعه نيمه‌تجربي حاضر، 45 ورزشكار زن تمرين كرده، با دارا بودن معيارهاي ورود به مطالعه، به‌صورت تصادفي ساده به سه گروه تحريكM1 ، DLPFC و sham (هر گروه 15 نفر) تخصيص داده شدند. پس از ارزيابي پيامدهاي مطالعه در پيش‌آزمون، پروتكل خستگي عصبي-عضلاني اعمال و با كاهش 20 درصدي ارتفاع پرش عمودي و كسب حداقل نمره 17 از مقياس Borg، مجدداً پيامدهاي مطالعه ارزيابي شدند. در ادامه، تحريك­هاي tDC   به مدت 5 روز متوالي با شدت ? ميلي‌آمپر و به‌مدت ?? اعمال شدند. پس از اتمام مداخلات، مجدداً قبل و پس از وقوع خستگي عصبي-عضلاني، پيامدهاي مطالعه بررسي شدند. پيامدهاي مطالعه شامل، حس عمقي مفصل زانو، تعادل ايستا و پويا و عملكرد حركتي اندام تحتاني بودند؛ كه به ترتيب با قدرمطلق خطاي بازسازي زاويه و ابزار اينكلاينومتر، دستگاه تكنوبادي، تست­هاي جهش تك پا،   جهش لي سه‌گام، پرش لي 6 متر در زمان و پرش لي متقاطع اندازه‌گيري شدند. جهت مقايسه ميانگين هاي درون‌گروهي و بين‌گروهي از آنواي مختلط (بين-درون‌گروهي) با استفاده از نرم افزار   27 استفاده شد. يافته­ها: بين گروه‌ها از نظر تغييرات حس عمقي، تعادل ايستا، تعادل پويا و عملكرد حركتي پس از اعمال مداخلات، تفاوت آماري معناداري مشاهده نشد (05/0<P). اما نتايج تحليل درون‌گروهي نشان داد كه در گروه M1 برخي از شاخص‌ها از جمله حس عمقي و عملكرد حركتي بهبود نسبي يافت شد اما درDLPFC   و شم اين تأثير كمتر بود. نتيجه­گيري: يافته­هاي پژوهش حاضر نشان داد كه تحريك tDCS طي پنج جلسه در شرايط خستگي، اثرات معناداري بر شاخص‌هاي عملكرد عصبي-عضلاني ندارد. پيشنهاد مي‌شود مطالعات آينده با افزايش مدت مداخله، استفاده از روش‌هاي تركيبي و بررسي اثرات ماندگار در پيگيري‌هاي بلندمدت انجام شود. كليد واژگان: تحريك جريان مستقيم فرا جمجمه‌اي، خستگي عصبي-عضلاني، حس عمقي، تعادل، اندام تحتاني. [1] Anterior cruciate ligament [2] Cutting

The aim of the present study was to identify the challenges and opportunities of the 100-match-in-100-days project in schools (case study: dodgeball game). The research method is qualitative (grounded theory with Glaser approach). The statistical population of the present study was experts (professors, teachers, school administrators, organizers, and area experts) active in the field of student sports. The snowball sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview. It was conducted with 15 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.80. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the challenges of the 100-match-in-100-days project in schools include: equipment challenges for playing Dejball, skill and educational challenges for teachers, psychological, social, and behavioral challenges for students, participatory and gender justice challenges, and executive, organizational, and planning challenges. The opportunities of the 100-match-in-100-days project in schools include: educational and training opportunities, cultural and social opportunities, psychological and behavioral opportunities, educational and professional opportunities for teachers, infrastructure and logistics development opportunities, creating cooperation networks between schools, and personal development opportunities for students. Therefore, based on the findings of the present study in the field of educational and training opportunities, the implementation of this project can lead to improving basic sports skills, strengthening the spirit of cooperation, compliance with the rules, and increasing problem-solving abilities in students.   

   Introduction:   on-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the epidemic of chronic liver disease, and its prevalence is continuously increasing. This disease follows a progressive course and could gradually lead to liver cirrhosis and death. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on selected inflammatory markers in women with NAFLD. Methodology: This semi-experimental study included 30 female subjects with NAFLD, selected through purposive and convenience sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group performed MICT for eight weeks, three sessions per week. Serum levels of liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, and cortisol hormone were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The findings of the present study demonstrated that eight weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training in individuals with NAFLD led to reductions in body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cortisol, along with an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and maximal oxygen uptake (VO?max) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it could be concluded that reducing liver tissue damage markers through moderate-intensity continuous training is one of the key mechanisms of exercise in the treatment of NAFLD. These outcomes may highlight the significance of continuous training with moderate-to-high intensity in the management of NAFLD. Keywords: Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), inflammatory markers, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol. Introduction:   on-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the epidemic of chronic liver disease, and its prevalence is continuously increasing. This disease follows a progressive course and can gradually lead to liver cirrhosis and death. This study aims to investigate the effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on selected inflammatory markers in women with NAFLD. Methodology: This semi-experimental study included 30 female subjects with NAFLD, selected through purposive and convenience sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group performed MICT for eight weeks, three sessions per week. Serum levels of liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, and cortisol hormone were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The findings of the present study demonstrated that eight weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training in individuals with NAFLD led to reductions in body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cortisol, along with an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and maximal oxygen uptake (VO?max) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that reducing liver tissue damage markers through moderate-intensity continuous training is one of the key mechanisms of exercise in the treatment of NAFLD. These outcomes may highlight the significance of continuous training with moderate-to-high intensity in the management of NAFLD. Keywords: Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), inflammatory markers, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol.

   The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of corruption perception on the tendency to commit corruption in sports with the moderating role of moral involvement. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the present study is all individuals in the community who are involved in sports. The sampling method was simple random and the statistical sample size was calculated according to the Cochran formula. Finally, 398 people were selected as the statistical population. The tools used are standard questionnaires for measuring the perception of general corruption and moral involvement, which are summarized based on the needs of the research, and a researcher-made questionnaire was also used to measure the perception of corruption in sports. In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and their construct validity was tested and approved by first-order factor analysis. And to measure reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used, which was equal to 0.743.    software was used to analyze the data, and PLS3 software was used to design the structural equation model and test the hypotheses, the method of which has been described in detail in the previous sections. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, the perception of public corruption had an effect on the perception of corruption in sports; the perception of public corruption also has an effect on the tendency to commit corruption in sports, and finally, it can be said that moral conflict has a moderating role in the relationship between the perception of public corruption and the tendency to commit corruption in sports. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, it is suggested that officials and managers should promote ethical issues in sports organizations and federations to reduce corruption in sports.   

   The aim of the present study was to analyze the strategic management of wrestling in Kermanshah province. The research method is qualitative (grounded theory). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, coaches, athletes, and experts) in the field of wrestling. The snowball sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview, which was conducted with 15 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was 0.81. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the challenges of strategic management of wrestling in Kermanshah province include: weakness in formulating a long-term strategy, lack of financial support, lack of infrastructure and facilities, weakness in training specialized human resources, low competitiveness, little attention to wrestling, lack of a comprehensive talent search system, media management crisis, and management problems. Also, the solutions for developing wrestling in Kermanshah province include: having strategic planning, improving financial conditions and attracting sponsors, developing sports infrastructure and facilities, training and developing human resources, holding competitions and events, promoting wrestling in the community, strengthening talent search programs, improving media and advertising, and improving the management system, each of which has a number of open codes. Therefore, we conclude that, considering the challenges identified in this study, officials should use the presented solutions to overcome these obstacles, and managers should also establish strong partnerships with the private sector and local industries to provide financial resources for wrestling.

AbstractThe aim of this research was to present an interpretive structural model of student sports development. This research was applied in terms of research orientation and was a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of research philosophy. The statistical population of the present study included all professors of sports management, student sports officials, and sports activists at universities in Kermanshah. Theoretical sampling was used to determine the number of people and find the research path, and theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting 15 in-depth interviews. In the qualitative part of the research, in-depth interviews were used to collect information, and in the quantitative part, the instrument used was a questionnaire. To analyze the information in the qualitative part, three overlapping processes of open, axial, and selective coding were used, which were based on the data-driven method and the Glaser approach, and to analyze the information in the quantitative part, the interpretive structural modeling method was used with the help of ISM software. The findings in the qualitative section showed that the electronic marketing model for selling online sports products was based on 89 initial concepts and the results obtained from the final coding showed that the core codes of the research were fourteen factors (factors of financial resource development, development of places and infrastructure, development of the scientific environment, development of the legal environment, development of the cultural environment, social factors, structural factors, management factors, recreational and public factors, prospects for the development of student sports, motivational incentives, promotion and information about the benefits of sports).Also, the results of the structural-interpretive model in the quantitative section showed that financial resources, development of places and infrastructure, structural factors and management factors were at the first level, human resource development at the second level, cultural factors, social factors and development of the scientific environment at the third level, development of the legal environment, intramural competitions, recreational and public factors, motivational incentives and promotion and information about the benefits of sports were at the fourth level and the prospects for the development of student sports were at the fifth level.Keywords: Sports development, student sports, interpretive structural model

This study was conducted with the aim of Destinations in Sports Tourism Literature: A Bibliometric Review. Bibliometric techniques were used in this study. The statistical population of this study consists of studies related to destinations in sports tourism in the Scopus database. The sample includes studies conducted between 2003 and 2023. The selection criteria include the type of document (only articles), language (limited to English), in the field of destinations in sports tourism. The analyses were conducted using Bibliometrix-R software. Bibliometrix is ??a tool for visualizing information in bibliometric analysis based on scientific productions and publications in countries and regions, journals, authors, articles, keywords and research institutions. The findings of this study showed that the fields of study in sports tourism destinations included: business management, social resources and environment. Also, popular topics in the field of sports tourism destinations included: culture, spectators, marketing, destination image. Finally, the co-occurrence analysis of the terms showed that researchers focused on five clusters of sports tourism and destination sustainability, climate change, destination image, major sports events, and tourism motivation segmentation. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, it is suggested that officials pay special attention to creating and improving sports and welfare infrastructure to attract sports tourists in order to improve the situation of sports tourism destinations.   

Abstract The growth of information and communication technologies, the creation of information, the use of various sources and digital media on the one hand, and the use of educational drugs that are distance learning or the increasing adaptation of information technology. Sports to achieve efficiency and capability in coaches in performing their duties and ultimately improve the performance of their coaches on factors that can cause desirable performance, one of the factors that affect the performance of coaches that is of particular importance and has a significant impact on achieving desirable performance is professional digital competence. The purpose of the present study is to explain the effect of professional digital competence on coaches of sports clubs in Kermanshah province. The present study is descriptive and correlational in terms of the method of collecting data. The statistical population of this researcher was all martial arts coaches (taekwondo-karate-wushu) in Kermanshah province, which numbered 220 people in 1403. The sampling method was the total number and its volume was 220. In the present study, a questionnaire will be used to collect data and structural equation modeling will be used to examine the research hypotheses. The results showed that professional digital competence and its components have a positive and significant effect on the performance of coaches in sports clubs in Kermanshah province at a five percent error level. The results show that among the components of professional digital competence, the most significant relationship and effect on the performance of coaches in sports clubs and content production have the least effect on the performance of coaches in sports clubs. Keywords: Sports, Coach, Professional Digital Competence, Coach Coach, Kermanshah  

   Abstract    The purpose of the present study was to identify and prioritize the obstacles facing track and field athletes in Kermanshah province from the perspective of experts and elites. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that is a mixed method (qualitative, quantitative) in terms of data collection and is applied in terms of purpose. In the qualitative section, the statistical population included 15 managers, champions, and veterans of track and field in Kermanshah province, who were interviewed. Using Maxquda software version 2020, obstacles were identified and dir="RTL" >                                    Keywords:   hurdles, athletics, Kermanshah province, experts and elites      

      The effect of twelve weeks of light aerobic exercise on cognitive and motor performances in women with non-severe Multiple sclerosis.    Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is on autoimmune disease of the central nervous system on which the neurons of the central nervous. Which the neurons of the central nervous. system are attacked by the patient's immune system and depending on the severity of the damage , it causes different symptoms in the patient. The highest rate of prevalence is in young people between 20 and to years old. And disabilities such as fatigue , imbalance, visual, impairment, cognitive problems such as memory loss, ect. Are amorg the complications of this disease. Methods: This reseaech was conducted on 30 female patients with MS who were randomly divided in to two control and experimental groups of 15 peoples, bimanual coadination, memory and reaction time were simple, they gave a pre- test. Then the experimental group performed light aerobic exercices protocal for twelve weeks and two sessions every week. The control group did not do any exercise during this period. After this interventions, a post – test was conducted for both groups. Results: The vesults of the research indicated the sidnificant effect of aerobic sports on all cognitive and motor functions examined in this research, There fore, submaximal to MS patients in order to improve the factors examined in this reavch.

  The purpose of the present research is to identify the challenges and opportunities of conducting in-service courses for physical education teachers in the context of cyberspace. The mixed research method is exploratory (quantitative and qualitative) and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population in the qualitative part is 15 high-ranking education experts knowledgeable about the research topic (until reaching theoretical saturation), and the quantitative part includes all physical education teachers in the country (29,000) who, using the sample size determination table of Karjesi and Morgan, The number of 377 people will be considered as a quantitative statistical sample. In the qualitative part, the challenges and opportunities of conducting in-service courses for physical education teachers in the context of virtual space will be identified and the relevant model will be designed. In the quantitative part, with the structural equation modeling method and Smart PLS software, the relationships between the elements and components of the model will be subjected to a quantitative test.

   Abstract Research has shown that direct transcranial stimulation, which is a non-invasive method without side effects, increases cognitive and motor functions. In fact, TDCS is an effective method to increase working memory and improve brain function in fatigue conditions, which has been researched in healthy and injured people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute non-invasive brain stimulation on cognitive and executive functions in a single bout of endurance activity in semi-endurance runners. The method of the current research was experimental and the subjects of this research included 14 adult male half-endurance runners who were selected as available. Data analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance at a significant level (p?0.05), and by    test. The results of the present research showed that the group that received electrical stimulation had a significant difference compared to the sham group in the phase of obtaining the results. Anodal stimulation of the left DLPFC significantly increased the time to reach paralysis (p = 0.022), decreased understanding pressure (p = 0.027), reduction of pain (p = 0.016) and even though it did not reach a significant level in the following components, but its positive effects were clear, for example, reduction in heart rate (p = 0.253) p), increasing the sense of pleasure (p = 0.391), increasing the arousal level (p = 0.597), improving hypofrontal function (p = 0.597) (in the countdown test), increasing the bimanual coordination score (43. p = 0) and (F = 0.66) reducing the choice reaction time (p = 0.235) and (F = 1.549), reducing the time to perform the Stroop test (p = 0.235) and (1.549 = F) compared to the sham stimulation condition. Findings: The results of the correlated t test showed that the time to retardation (TTE) in anodal stimulation conditions was significantly higher than in sham stimulation conditions (p = 0.022). And also according to the confirmation of the normality of the data distribution in the flexibility variable based on the results of the Shapiro-Wilk statistical test (p?0.05), in order to analyze the results of this variable from the statistical test of the dichotomy with size [2x2] repeated measures, condition factor with two levels (two types of stimulation) and time factor with two levels (pre-test and post-test) were used. In the bimanual coordination variable, the interaction effect of conditions and time was not statistically significant (p = 0.43). Due to the non-significance of the interaction effect, the main effect of condition and time was used for analysis. The results of the main effect of condition showed that there was no significant difference in bimanual coordination between the two conditions (p = 0.81). On the other hand, the results of the main effect of time showed that the values of two-handed coordination decreased significantly from pre-test to post-test (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: According to the available results, it can be said that anodal stimulation of the left DLPFC area can have ergogenic effects on submaximal endurance activity by influencing the central and peripheral mechanisms. Of course, it is important to note that this study is the first study that investigated the acute effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on the athletic, cognitive and perceptual performance of semi-endurance runners, and therefore it is necessary to conduct further research in order to confirm these results.

   The purpose of the current research was to identify the challenges of the weightlifting federation in Iraq and provide solutions. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts, employees, athletes and heads of committees) in the field of weightlifting. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.90. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the challenges facing the weightlifting federation in Iraq include: lack of infrastructural facilities, weak management system and lack of financial and expert human resources in the federation, as well as solutions for the development of the weightlifting federation in Iraq. It includes: improving the financial and human condition of the federation, developing the infrastructure of weightlifting and efficient management system. These 6 cases included 12 concepts and 40 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that for the development of the weightlifting federation in Iraq, the authorities should act through the identified indicators regarding the financial support and comprehensive development of the weightlifting infrastructure of this country. As a result of this, the federation will be on the path of generating income and improving the financial situation.

   امروزه بيش از هر زمان ديگري در طول تاريخ شاهدتحول هاي چشمگير در عرصه‌ي فناوري و اطلاعات هستيم. در عصر اينترنت، تلفن همراه، اينترنت اشيا و هوش مصنوعي، كارآفريني و كسب و كارها بيشترين ميزان تحول را داشته‌اند. متاورس يا فراتر از جهان ،فناوري نوپديدي است كه فرصت ها و چالش هايي را بركليه فعاليت ها با تركيبي از دنياي مجازي و واقعيت ايجاد مي كند. اين فناوري در حال گسترش،سبب ايجاد تحولات شگرف در تمامي شاختار هاي زندگي آدمي در كسب وكار،ورزش ودنياي سرگرمي و.. ميگردد. الگوي علمي اين پژوهش كيفي و جامعه آماري اين پژوهش حاضر اساتيد و مختصصين ورزشي وغير ورزشي آگاه به موضوع هستند. از طريق ابزار مصاحبه   به صورت نيمه ساختار يافته به شناسايي عوامل علي-زمينه اي و مداخله گر و راهبرد ها وپيامد ها پرداخته خواهدشد. روايي ابزار پژوهش (مصاحبه)،توسط مصاحبه شونده وسپس اساتيد و متخصصين مورد بررسي قرار گرفت .براي سنجش پايايي از روش توافق درون موضوعي و براي تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از روش نظريه برخواسته از داده ها استفاده شد. يافته ها نشان داد كه چالش ها شامل قوانين و مقررات، علم و دانش، انگيزه، حمايت و پشتيباني، مزيت رقابتي، تبليغات و فروش و مديريت و فرصت ها شامل آموزش، ارتباطات، بازاريابي، هواداري، فعاليت هاي ورزشي، گردشگري و تحليل ورزشي مي باشد.    واژگان كليدي :   متاورس، ورزش و سرگرمي، فناوري ورزشي   

   Today, sports federations are responsible for the development of sports all over the world, which for survival, growth, innovation, performance improvement and competitiveness in the national and global arena in today's dynamic environment requires two strategic knowledge management capabilities with two components (documented knowledge, personal knowledge) ) and two strategic strategies with two dimensions (exploration and exploitation) are needed. The purpose of this research is to explain the effect of strategic knowledge management on the strategic ability of managers and experts of selected sports federations. The research method in terms of practical purpose and in terms of gathering information is a descriptive survey and the statistical population of the research includes all managers and employees of sports federations, the sampling method in this research will be random-stratified, so that first all federations It is divided into two groups of team sports and individual sports, then there are six federations of team sports that include (football, volleyball, handball, basketball, hockey, baseball) and six federations of individual sports (wrestling, weightlifting, taekwondo, karate, tennis). On the table, athletics) has been randomly selected as the total number of employees of Iran's sports federations (750 people), which was determined to determine the statistical sample from the table of Karjesi and Morgan, 1970 (159 people). 250 questionnaires have been distributed to prevent the samples from falling. The tools used in the upcoming research are two strategic knowledge management questionnaires (Lopez and Maruner 2011), which will include eight items and two components (documented knowledge - personal knowledge) and the strategic duality questionnaire (Johnson et al., 2009), which includes fourteen items and two components. is a component Their reliability is respectively 73/. and 78/. Designated . Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, etc.) will be used for data analysis. Also, in the inferential statistics section (Pearson's correlation coefficient test) will be used to measure the relationship between variables and analyze the modeling path of structural equations using   25 and LISREL8.70 software.

   The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of perceived feasibility and desirability on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students. The present research method is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of this research is all students of sports sciences in Iran. The sampling method was simple random and the statistical sample size was also calculated according to Morgan's table. Finally, 389 people were selected as the statistical population. The instrument used for this research is based on the standard questionnaire of Shapro and Sokol (1982). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts, and their construct validity was tested and confirmed by first-order factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability, and its value was 0.952.    software was used for data analysis and PLS3 software was used to design the structural equation model and check the hypotheses. Therefore, based on the findings of this research, the perceived probability had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students with an impact factor of 0.502. Also, perceived desirability had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students with an impact factor of 0.445, and perceived desirability had a positive and significant impact on the perceived feasibility of sports science students with an impact factor of 0.773, and finally, perceived desirability It had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students through perceived probability with an impact coefficient of 0.389. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that in order for sports science students to reach their entrepreneurial goals, they should focus on the indicators identified in this research.

   The purpose of the current research was to design the development model of Iraqi football clubs. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts, coaches, athletes and heads of boards) in the field of football. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 15 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.87. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that various factors influence the development of football clubs in Iraq, and these factors were categorized into 11 main categories. The categories include: improving the financial status of the club, holding training courses, developing infrastructure facilities, developing human resources, inefficiency of the club management system, weak financial and human resources, having a supportive policy, professional talent search system, developing infrastructures. football, creating discipline in the club and improving the condition of the club and athletes. These 11 items include 22 concepts and 76 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that for the development of football clubs in Iraq, the authorities should act through the identified indicators towards the privatization and all-round development of the football infrastructure of this country. This will put the clubs on the path of generating income and improving the financial situation.

   The purpose of this research was to explain the factors affecting the development of football in Iraq. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts, experts and coaches) in the field of football. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 17 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.90. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that various factors have an impact on the development of soccer in Iraq, and these factors were categorized into 6 main categories. The categories include: economic factors, improvement of the infrastructural situation, appropriate management system, meritocracy in football, professional training and talent search and attracting fans. These 6 items include 12 concepts and 48 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that for the development of football in Iraq, it should be focused on the categories extracted from this research, so that the officials and planners of football clubs can understand the needs, priorities and requirements. Identify the development of football sport and according to the known indicators, take suitable and appropriate measures in this direction so that they can ultimately help the development of football sport in this country.

   This research was carried out with the aim of "thematic analysis of studies related to sports startups in Iran and drawing its scientific map in sports". The research method is analytical-applicative, which is designed in two parts: thematic analysis and then drawing the road map. The research method was based on thematic analysis, which was used to analyze qualitative data in the field of sports startups and to categorize meaning patterns from the data set, and then based on Ravar Matrix software. A scientific map was drawn and Centrality and betweenness indices were determined. The statistical population of this research was all published articles with the keyword sports startup. For this purpose, by using the purposeful sampling method, by referring to the internal site (all sports publications) and foreign scientific sites (Science Direct, Research Gate, and Google Scholar), the desired articles were collected. Finally, 6 articles in domestic publications and 37 articles in foreign publications were identified. In this research, sampling was not done and all 43 articles were examined and analyzed. Data analysis was done using Excel software to draw graphs and Ravar Matrix software. The findings of the research showed that sports start-up is a new topic, and the articles published in this field are categorized in the thematic areas of starting start-ups, development ways and support ways. Most of these articles have been done analytically and the modeling articles have the lowest number among the research methods of the articles. It was also done based on coding in the Visual Studio program, and 81 repetitive words (including: strategy, founder, investment, work teams, individual characteristics, expertise, market, etc.) were identified. According to the thematic analysis, 85 cases of primary concept were identified. These badges were categorized in 85 concepts, 13 themes and 3 main categories according to thematic and conceptual proximity in the axial coding stage. Finally, in drawing the scientific map of start-ups, you identified centrality and betweenness indices for 14 variables with high repetition in all texts and drew its diagram. What was shown in this research is that in recent years, it has been paid attention to by sports science and marketing researchers and this field is a new field that can be used as a trick to develop the society's economy.

  The purpose of the present research was to determine the effect of perceived social responsibility on brand equity with the mediating role of team identity and online community identity in Iraqi Naft al-Wasat futsal team fans. The current research is in terms of practical purpose and in terms of descriptive method, it is of survey type, in terms of correlation between variables, and in terms of time, it is cross-sectional. The statistical population of this research consists of all the fans of Iraq Naft Al Wasat futsal team who were members of online virtual groups or online communities of fans of Iraq Naft Al Wasat Futsal Team. According to Mueller's optimal sample size rule, 277 fans participated in this research as a sample. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaires of perceived social responsibility, team identity, online community identity and brand equity Kim and Manoli (2022). The validity and reliability of the measurement tool was confirmed using content validity, convergent validity, divergent validity, combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha. In order to test the statistical assumptions, the variance-oriented structural equation model was used. The results of the research showed that perceived social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on brand equity (?=0.322), team identity (?=0.652) and online community identity (?=0.695). Also, team identity (?=0.315) and online community identity (?=0.311) have a positive and significant effect on brand equity. Finally, the perceived social responsibility has a significant effect on the special value of the brand with the mediating role of team identity and online community identity in the fans of Naft al-Wasat futsal team (?=0.422). According to the results of the research, managers of Iraqi Naft Al-Wasat futsal team can increase their level of social responsibility to improve their brand value and strengthen the fans' team identity and the fans' identity in the club's online communities.

The purpose of the current research was to develop an intelligence model in sports internet businesses. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of this research includes experts, experts, professors and sports business owners in the field of this research. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 17 people. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.87. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the development of an intelligent model in sports internet businesses includes: causal factors (innovation development, resource management and business development through the Internet); background factors (supportive-legal policies and cultural infrastructure); Intervening conditions (internal intervenors, external intervenors and weakness in managerial knowledge); strategies (strategy based on business communication, strategy based on customer and strategy based on supporting managers) and finally consequences (individual consequences, business development and socio-economic consequences). These categories themselves include 32 concepts and 148 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude by emphasizing the findings of the research and the concepts identified, macro-policies and effective measures should be taken to promote online sports businesses. In this way, short-term employments will also prosper.      

   چكيده پيش زميـنه و اهداف: اعتياد به موادمخدر به عنوان يك بيماري مزمن و عودكننده كه از اثرات طولاني‌مدت داروها برمغز ناشي مي‌شود، تعريف مي‌شود. اعتياد به موادمخدر به طور غيرمستقيم و مستقيم عامل8/11 ميليون مرگ در سال درجهان است. براساس مطالعه بار‌جهاني بيماري، اين تعداد بيشتراز مرگ‌و‌مير ناشي از سرطان است و يك پنجم كل مرگ‌و‌ميرها در سراسر جهان را تشكيل مي‌دهد. از اين رو، علاوه بر روش­هاي درمان دارويي، توجه به انواع استراتژي­هاي غير دارويي در اين زمينه همواره مورد توجه بوده است. فعاليت بدني و تحريك غير تهاجمي مغز هريك به­نوعي آثار مثبتي را بر روند درماني اعتياد و عدم تمايل به مصرف مجدد داشته­اند اما تا كنون مطالعه­اي كه به بررسي آثار همزمان اين دو استراتژي بر متغيرهاي مهم در بيماري اعتياد پرداخته باشد؛ انجام نشده است. از اين رو، هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسي اثر تحريك جريان مستقيم فراجمجمه­اي و تمرين دايره­اي بر ولع مصرف مواد مخدر، تكانشگري و تصميم­گيري ريسك­پذير در زنان وابسته به مواد مخدر در دوره بازتواني بود. روش­ تحقيـق: پژوهش حاضر داراي طرح تحقيق درون گروهي، موازن? متقابل، به­صورت دوسويه­كور و كنترل اثر دارونما (شَم) بود. تعداد 11 زن داراي سابقه اعتياد كه پس از مرحله پاك­سازي در حال سپري نمودن دوره بازتواني در كمپ ترك اعتياد بودند در اين پژوهش شركت نمودند. هر آزمودني در فاز اجرايي پژوهش با ترتيب تصادفي و با فاصله زماني يك هفته بين هر جلسه در معرض چهار شرايط مداخله­اي شامل 1) تحريك آنودال + تمرين؛ 2) تحريك شم + تمرين؛ 3) تحريك آنودال؛ 4) تحريك شم قرار گرفت. در شرايط 1 ابتدا 20 دقيقه تحريك آنودال مغزي به شدت 2 ميلي­آمپر بر روي ناحيه DLPFC راست اعمال و سپس آزمودني­ها برنامه تمرين دايره­اي را انجام دادند. در حالت 2، ابتدا آزمودني­ها 20 تحريك شَم را دريافت كرده و سپس برنامه تمرين دايره­اي را انجام دادند. در حالت 3، آزمودني­ها 20 دقيقه تحريك آنودال را مشابه شرايط 1 دريافت كرده و سپس در مدت زمان برابر با تمرين ورزشي يك ويديو آموزشي را مشاهده نمودند. در حالت 4 نيز شرايط مشابه با حالت 3 بود با اين تفاوت كه آزمودني­ها ابتدا 20 دقيقه تحريك شم دريافت كردند. متغيرهاي ولع مصرف موارد، حس لذت و انگيختگي در زمان­هاي قبل از اعمال مداخله و 1، 2، 4، 24 و 48 ساعت بعد از اعمال مداخله اندازه­گيري شدند. متغيرهاي تكانشگري و تصميم­گيري ريسك­پذير قبل و بعد از اعمال مداخلات اندازه­گيري شدند.   يافتـه­ها: نتايج پژوهش در ارتباط با ولع مصرف مواد نشان داد كه در مقاطع زماني 1، 2 و 4 ساعت پس از اعمال مداخلات ميزان ولع مصرف در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين و تحريك شم+تمرين به شكل معني­داري كمتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. در مقطع زماني 4 و 24 ساعت پس از تمرين ميزان ولع مصرف در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري كمتر از هر سه شرايط ديگر بود. نتايج پژوهش در خصوص تكانشگري نشان داد كه پس از اعمال مداخلات ميزان تكانشگري در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري كمتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. همچنين، پس از اعمال مداخلات، امتياز تصميم­گيري ريسك­پذير در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني داري بيشتر از شرايط تحريك شم بود. مقادير حس لذت در حين تمرين در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين؛ تحريك شم+تمرين و تحريك آنودال به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. بلافاصله بعد از اعمال مداخله، حس لذت در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك آنودال و تحريك شم بود. در مقاطع زماني 1 و 4 ساعت پس از اعمال مداخلات نيز حس لذت در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. نهايتاً، ميزان انگيختگي در حين و بلافاصله پس از اعمال مداخلات در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين و تحريك شم+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. 1 ساعت پس از اعمال مداخلات، ميزان انگيختگي در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. در مقاطع زماني 2 و 4 ساعت پس از اعمال مداخلات نيز ميزان انگيختگي در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشاز از حالت تحريك شم و تحريك آنودال بود. نتيـجه­گيـري:

  AbstractIntroduction: In recent years, the consumption of carbohydrates and caffeine, the use of various mouthwashes have been seriously considered, so the purpose of the present research is the combined carbohydrate-caffeine mouthwash on exercise, cognitive and perceptual performance during and after endurance activity under The condition was mental fatigue.Research method: The current research has a within-group research design, randomly in four groups of mental voice induction + combined carbohydrate-caffeine mouthwash during the implementation of two residual effects; 2) mental induction + placebo during the implementation of two stimulants 3 (combined carbohydrate-caffeine mouthwash during the implementation of two stimulants (without mental stimulation); 4) placebo during two stimulants (without mental induction) has been investigated .Findings: The results of the present study showed that the time to adherence was higher than the Placebo and MF+Placebo conditions. Also, no significant difference in EMG was observed between the four different conditions. RPE in the CCMR condition was significantly lower than in the MF+PLA condition. On the other hand, the Stroop test in the CMR condition was significantly lower than the Placebo condition and the MF+Placebo condition as well as the MF+CCMR condition, but the reaction time Choice in CCMR conditions was significantly lower than MF+Placebo, as well as MF+CCMR and Placebo. Finally, the best sense of pleasure and the amount of pleasure in CCMR conditions was significantly higher than the other four conditions.Conclusion: According to the available results, it seems that carbohydrate-caffeine mouthwash can have an ergogenic effect on submaximal endurance activity in mental work conditions by affecting the central and peripheral mechanisms.

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Abstract: The purpose of the current research was to investigate the factors that reduce the complaints of coaches' negligence in sports events. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical according to the method of data collection, which was carried out by field method. The statistical population based on Morgan's table included 250 sports coaches from Kermanshah city, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, which consisted of two parts: the first part included demographic questions (age, gender, education) and coaching experience) and the second part included a 24-item questionnaire of effective factors (individual, organizational, facilities and socio-cultural) and a 12-item questionnaire to reduce complaints related to coaches' negligence. Descriptive statistics (prevalence, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (regression and confirmatory factor analysis) were used for data analysis, which was done using LISREL and    software. The findings obtained from the factor analysis model showed that individual, organizational, facilities and socio-cultural factors influence the reduction of complaints from coaches. According to the obtained results and the ranking of the mentioned factors, policy makers in the field of sports can focus their main actions in order to reduce the complaints of coaches' malpractice in sports events, respectively, on the factors of facilities, individual factors and organizational factors. do    Keywords: complaint, malpractice, sports events

   Abstract The aim of the current research was to investigate and analyze the role of mass media in raising awareness of women's inclination towards sports in Kermanshah province. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of this research includes experts (media experts, sports experts of Kermanshah province and professors) in the field of women's sports. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 27 people. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.87. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the role of mass media in raising awareness of women's tendency towards sports in Kermanshah province includes: raising awareness through the media, increasing the motivation to attract sponsors, proper infrastructure management, culture building, development obstacles and It is media strategies. These categories include 17 concepts and 78 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude by emphasizing the findings of the research and the identified concepts, macro-policies and effective measures should be taken to promote mass media among women, as well as provincial managers with Awareness through the media to make women aware of the positive benefits of exercising.

The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges and opportunities of sports clubs in the post-corona era and to provide solutions to the sports managers of the Sports and Youth Department of Kermanshah province. A mixed research method (qualitative-quantitative) will be used to collect data. This research is practical in terms of purpose. In terms of data collection, it will be an interview study.The statistical population includes experts in the field of sports (university professors, presidents and vice presidents, experts, athletes, coaches, sports experts, club managers and employees of sports and youth departments) in the field of challenges and opportunities of sports clubs in Kermanshah province. It is the post-corona era. The sampling method will be snowball type. In this research, the researcher will interview 15 knowledgeable people in the field of sports in Kermanshah province. The research was conducted in the period of 1400-1401. The interviewees will be asked to express their opinions about the challenges and opportunities of sports clubs in the post-coronavirus era in Kermanshah province and according to the knowledge, experience and expertise they have in this field, with correct and logical identification. The challenges and opportunities that have arisen during the corona era, it is possible to provide solutions to avoid challenges and use the opportunities to help club owners in the post-corona era. And according to the obtained results, it is possible to provide solutions to the managers and heads of sports boards of Kermanshah province for better management of this field in the post-Corona era. Therefore, sports managers are advised to use the results of this research in order to reduce the challenges and use the opportunities created due to the corona disease in the field of sports in the province.   

   Abstract    The current research was conducted with the aim of analytical study of sports and leisure spaces for women, with an emphasis on women's park in Kermanshah province. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. Library and field methods were used to collect data and information. The research tool was a questionnaire, which was a combination of two questionnaires taken from similar researches, and then the professors of the university checked the validity of the content, and by conducting a pre-test, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the reliability of the questionnaire were calculated as 0.9. The statistical population of the research includes all women referring to It was Kermanshah Women's Park. The size of the statistical sample was estimated through the t-tech test of two domains using the Sample power software of 128 people, and the same number of questionnaires were distributed among the samples. One-sample t-test and central indices were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that based on the results of the sample T-Tech test and according to the Likert evaluation, the physical, cultural, sports and management facilities of Kermanshah Women's Park have an unfavorable situation; In contrast, the components of the level of security, social relations and mental health have a favorable situation. According to the obtained results, it is recommended to implement a project regarding the optimization of women's park in Kermanshah based on the results obtained from this research and practical suggestions in order to continue and increase the presence of women.

The purpose of this research was to examine and diagnose corruption in sports in Kermanshah and to provide a suitable management model and ways to deal with it. In terms of purpose, the present research was applied, research method was descriptive and it was a survey type of study that was conducted in a field and in a mixed manner. In the qualitative part, the statistical population includes 17 people from the province's sports management elites and champions, coaches and sports managers, and in the quantitative part, it includes 384 people from university professors, presidents and vice presidents, experts, athletes, veterans, coaches and employees of the Sports and Youth Department. They were at the level of Kermanshah. In the qualitative part, the open, axial and selective coding method was used based on the Strauss and Corbin (1998) paradigm model, and in the quantitative part, the structural equation method was used. The findings of the research were examined in all five dimensions of contextual factors, causal factors, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. The results showed that the strategies resulting from the model include: dealing with corrupt people, dealing with corruption in the media, planning to fight corruption, revising laws, processes and structures, appointing competent people, creating a culture to reduce corruption, monitoring and evaluation. The proper continuous is the clarification of the processes. Therefore, it is recommended to use the results of this research in order to reduce the damage caused by corruption and its management in sports of the province.   

  The present research explains the model of electronic sports tourism in Kermanshah city based on the theory of foundation data. This research is applied in terms of development goal, in terms of qualitative data and cross-sectional survey in terms of nature. In addition, the plan is exploratory. The statistical population of this research was made up of experts in the field of electronic tourism and sports, who participated in the research by using the purposeful and snowball sampling method after reaching the theoretical saturation limit. The research data collection tool was semi-structured interview. In this research, data analysis was done using three stages of open, central, and selective coding based on Strauss and Corbin's approach. These coding steps were done by using Max Kyuda version 18 software. According to the results obtained from the conducted interviews, in total, 88 open codes were obtained from the interviews that were conducted with the samples under investigation, in the form of 16 central codes and 5 selective codes of causal factors (being attractive to tourists, being more comfortable, mental developments and tourism attractions of the province), contextual (emphasis on friends and family, other people's experiences and the capabilities of the website), interventionist (security weaknesses, management and government weaknesses and individual characteristics), strategies (advertising strategies, infrastructure development, offering discounts, management strategies and development of e-sports tourism) and consequences (tourist communication, economic development, reducing costs and making travel easier) were categorized. . Key words: model, e-sports tourism, Kermanshah, foundation data theory.

  This research was conducted with the aim of the effect of the characteristics of using social networks on brand equity with the mediating role of brand trust (case study: consumers of sports supplements).

   Abstract Purpose: Corona virus is a disease that affects various organs of the body, including the respiratory system. Breathing exercises and consumption of omega-3 can also help due to their physiological role. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of respiratory muscle training with omega-3 consumption on lung capacity and quality of life of people who have recovered from the corona virus in Kermanshah. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 48 patients recovered from corona virus with an average weight of 0.75±15.1 and an average body mass index of 87.4±3.3 were randomly divided into four groups (n=12) 1-omega-3+exercise, 2-omega-3 They were divided into 3-control, 4-exercise. The breathing training program for the training group included three days a week and 60 minutes of breathing training daily, and the supplementation program included the daily consumption of one 1000 mg omega-3 tablet, which was taken daily and at the time of starting the exercises, and the control group did not have any intervention. 48 The desired variables were measured one hour before and after the research, and the Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the data. To analyze the data, the analysis of variance with the between-group factor was used, and the level of significance was equal to (P<0.05). Results: The results of the research showed that FVC caused significant changes in the exercise group with control and the control group with exercise+ supplements compared to other groups, and also TV caused significant changes among the control group with supplements, but the other groups did not show any difference, and there were significant changes in the MVV index among the control group. with the supplement+ exercise group, but it did not show any difference in the other groups, and there was a significant change in the quality of life index among the three main groups compared to the control, but the other groups did not show any difference, and the sleep quality index showed significant changes in the control group with the supplement+ exercise group, the control group with Exercise was created, but it was not observed in the other groups, and significant changes in the depression index were found between the control group and the supplement+ exercise control group with exercise, but there was no difference in the other groups. Conclusion: The general results of the research showed that 8 weeks of breathing exercises along with omega-3 consumption have a significant effect on respiratory indicators, quality of life, sleep, and depression.

  The current research was conducted with the aim of prioritizing the associative consequences of old sports brands. The method of this research is descriptive and of the type of correlational studies. The statistical population of the research is all the buyers of Iranian sports brands. Since the number of the community cannot be counted and it takes a high amount. Therefore, the sample size is based on an unlimited population. Since the number of the population is not known, Cohen's formula was used to estimate the sample size. To be sure, 400 questionnaires were distributed and out of this number, 391 questionnaires were returned correctly and were used in the analysis. These questionnaires were distributed virtually due to the spread of the corona virus. The research questionnaires are taken from the research of Richard and White (2020). This questionnaire contains 15 questions, which are categorized in the form of 5 components and measures the consequences of association of old brands in the range of 5 Likert options. Form and content validity was confirmed using the opinion of 8 sports management professors. The validity of the structure was confirmed by using the confirmatory factor analysis test and the reliability of the variables was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. In this research, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.    and LISREL software were used to present the model. According to the findings, brand association is effective at the rate of 0.90 on experience and expertise, at the rate of 0.95 at the rate of 0.96 on reminiscence, at the rate of 0.96 on timele  ess and at the rate of 0.85 on tradition. Also, the significant coefficient shows that the indicators are more than 1.96 and it can be concluded that brand association has a positive and significant effect on the mentioned factors. Also, based on the findings, reminiscence, timele  ess, maintenance, experience, expertise, and tradition are among the most important consequences of brand association. Therefore, in order to associate the brand, the desired indicators should be emphasized by the marketers.

The purpose of the current research was to develop a model for the development of sports economy in Kermanshah province. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of this research includes experts, experts, experts and professors in the field of sports economics. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.89. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the formulation of the sports economy development model in Kermanshah province includes: causal factors (the development of sports in society and the development of economic factors); contextual factors (privatization, legal-support requirements and readiness to acquire hosting); Intervening conditions (obstacles and challenges and environmental factors); strategies (economic development, research and development in sports economy and culture-building in sports) and finally consequences (economic-political and cultural-social). These categories themselves include 26 concepts of 91 agents or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that for the development of the sports economy in Kermanshah province, it should be focused on the categories extracted from this research, so that the officials and planners of the sports economy of the province can understand the needs, priorities and requirements of development. Identify the sports economy and according to the known indicators, take suitable and appropriate measures in this direction so that they can ultimately help the development of the sports economy in the province  

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of brand personality and interpersonal relationships on addiction to sports brands. The method of this research is descriptive and of the type of correlation studies. The statistical population of this research is all the buyers of Iranian sports brands. The sampling method is accessible, which was selected from the customers of sports brands in the virtual space. Since the number of the population cannot be counted and it takes a high amount, therefore, the sample size is considered unlimited based on the population. Since the number of the population is not known, Cohen's formula was used to estimate the sample size(385 people). to measure brand personality; From the questionnaire of Karol and Ahoya (2006) including 8 questions and one component; measuring brand addiction; Through Marad and Kiwai (2017) questionnaire including 7 items and interpersonal relationshi   Royan and Weiss (2015) questionnaire including three questions was used. The face and content validity was confirmed using the opinion of 8 professors. The validity of the construct was confirmed using the confirmatory factor analysis test, and the reliability of the variables was confirmed by the Cronbach's alpha test. In this research, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data, in the descriptive statistics section (mean, standard deviation, tables, etc.) and in the inferential statistics section, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to detect the normal distribution of the data. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was used to determine the relationship between research variables, regression analysis test was used to predict variables and construct validity Also,    and LISREL software were used to present the model. Based on the findings of the above table, all paths are positive and meaningful. Also, the significant coefficient shows that the indicators are more than 1.96 and it can be concluded that each variable of brand personality and interpersonal relationships have a positive and significant effect on addiction to sports brands. The results of the model fit show that all the indicators are in the optimal level. This means that the desired model has a significant degree of reliability. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that in order to improve the brand and maintain customers, a brand with a personality should be created and through communicating with customers, make them loyal to the brand

Corruption is a very pervasive issue that has affected the entire world as a major threat.   The present study aims to investigating and analyzing the various challenges facing the media in the fight against corruption in the country's sports. The method of this research was practical in terms of purpose, in terms of qualitative approach and in terms of method, field and using interview tool. The statistical population was all journalists who reported on corruption, which was selected by the theoretical sampling method of 15 journalists, as the study sample, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. After conducting 15 interviews, gradually special concepts were identified in the participants' point of view. the data obtained qualitatively and using the coding method of analysis and their views and opinions about the various challenges facing the media in the fight against corruption in 4 main themes and 10 main categories and on They were categorized based on their importance. The findings from the implementation and analysis of the interviews using the coding method show things like; Challenges related to media independence in sports corruption reporting (with three categories), challenges related to work motivation (with two categories), challenges related to interests and conflict (with two categories) and challenges related to media support. have been of great importance in the sports corruption report (with three categories).

   Today, sports and physical activity are considered as the main key to people's health and the development of society. But sometimes the emergence of some challenges and obstacles may have a negative effect on it, based on this, the present research was conducted with the aim of using the opinion of experts in identifying the challenges and obstacles of sports in Kermanshah. The current applied research was a qualitative study with a descriptive-survey implementation. In terms of data collection, it was a field using semi-structured interviews. 15 experts entered the research in a snowball method (until reaching theoretical saturation) from among academic staffs of universities, prominent athletes and experts in the field of sports in Kermanshah. After coding the categories, a total of 113 concepts were identified, whose components in causal terms include: cultural (6 cases), social (3 cases), managerial and technical (5 cases), and economic (4 cases). , in contextual conditions including: cultural (9 cases), managerial and technical (3 cases), economic (3 cases) and legal (2 cases), in intervening conditions including: cultural (9 cases), managerial and technical (6 cases), economic (3 cases), and legal (2 cases), in strategies include: including: cultural (7 cases), educational (4 cases), managerial and technical (7 cases), economic (5 cases) case), media (4 cases), legal and legal (5 cases) and facility facilities (5 cases) and finally in the consequences including: cultural-social (8 cases), economic (3 cases) and healthy lifestyle (5 cases). Based on the current findings, there are certain challenges and obstacles in the sports of Kermanshah according to the opinion of experts, which should be resolved in order to develop sports in Kermanshah. Therefore, it is recommended that the policy makers of Kermanshah look at these challenges and strategies resulting from the current research as a guide and use them to increase the tendency towards sports and its growth and development. Keywords: Development, Cultural Challenge, Cultural Barriers, Culture, Sports.

  Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of internal communication and emotional culture on organizational identity in the Department of Sports and Youth in the west of the country. The method of this research is descriptive and correlational studies. The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of the Department of Sports and Youth of the West (Kermanshah, Ilam, Sanandaj, Lorestan) (4900 people). Due to the impossibility of access to all members, through random-stratified sampling, the desired number has been selected as a sample. Morgan table (357 people) is used to determine the sample size. Out of this number, 335 questionnaires were returned correctly and were used in the analysis. These questionnaires were distributed virtually due to the prevalence of coronavirus. Research questionnaires are taken from the research of Yu et al. (2020). Thus, 6 questions are related to organizational identity, 4 questions are related to emotional culture and 8 questions are related to internal communication. Formal and content validity was confirmed using the opinions of 8 professors of sports management. The validity of the construct was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability of the variables was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. In this research, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. In the descriptive statistics section (mean, standard deviation, tables, etc.) and    and LISREL software were used to present the model. According to the findings of the above table, internal communication is 0.27 effective on organizational identity and emotional culture is 0.61 effective on organizational identity. Also, the coefficient of significance shows that the indicators are greater than the value of 1.96 and it can be concluded that both variables have a positive and significant effect on organizational identity. Therefore, it is suggested that internal communication and emotional culture in the organization be improved. Keywords: Internal communication, emotional culture, organizational identity, sports and youth

Customer satisfaction and loyalty has always been one of the most important parts of sports consumer behavior and efforts in the field of consumer management try to provide these two characteristics of customers. With the complexity of the existing market and current changes such as quarantine conditions, successful clubs will be able to provide the best conditions in any field of service and welfare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of determining the effect of organizational rapid response capabilities on customer loyalty and customer satisfaction of sports clubs in Kermanshah province. The statistical population included all customers of sports complexes in Kermanshah province. Sampling and its volume based on the maximum magnification index and the opinion of structural equation experts, 200 were considered. According to the conditions of coronary care, the researcher designed the questionnaire online and asked the club managers to provide the answer link to the customers of the clubs. 350 questionnaires were visited and finally 210 complete and flawless questionnaires were entered into the analysis. Individuals completed a sample questionnaire that included 4 sections (personal information, loyalty questionnaire (? = 0.92), organizational FRO (? = 0.94) and customer satisfaction (? = 0.94)). The level of significance in this study was considered equal to 0.05. The research design was performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis and all questionnaires were approved in terms of reliability and validity. Data analysis was performed using    software and Amos version 16. The statistical index of each section of the questionnaire showed that the present questionnaire is suitable for measuring the mentioned variables. In this study, the mean age of these people was 33.60 59 5.59, of which 70 were women and 130 were men. The bachelor's degree had a higher frequency of 48%, with most of them having been in sports clubs for more than two years (40%). Data analysis using Emos software indicated the fit of research models. Path coefficient studies showed the confirmation of research hypotheses in the sense that the organizational responsiveness (FRO) variable has been able to improve customer satisfaction (? = 0.52) and loyalty (? = 0.88) and its dimensions (loyalty). Cognitive (? = 0.81), emotional loyalty (? = 0.66) and voluntary loyalty (? = 0.78) are effective. These results showed that the managers of sports complexes in Kermanshah province, if they want to have loyal and satisfied customers, can use the factor to provide a quick response capability. Key words: Marketing, FRO model, Loyalty, Customer, Fitness club, Structural equations   

  Investigating the effect of Extended Technology Acceptance Model developed on the use of online education during the covid-19 in Physical Education students

consequence of women's football becoming a brand.   

  Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of High intensity interval training (HIIT) program and citrulline malate (CM) supplement on nitric oxide levels and exercise performance in elite wrestlers. Materials and Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled design, 28 elite males’ wrestlers (age, 21.9±2.4 y; height 174.5±3.8 cm) were randomly assigned to CM+training, placebo+training and training, while also all groups participating in 6 weeks of HIIT based on wrestling techniques. Participants completed testing sessions for body composition and aerobic and anaerobic tests before and after 6 weeks of HIIT program. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after 6 weeks. Results: Nitric Oxide level after six weeks of HIIT and CM supplementation showed significant increase comparing to placebo+training (P=0.001) and training (P=0.035) groups. There is no significant difference between other groups for NO (P> 0.05). There was a significant difference between upper body anaerobic power (peak power, Mean power and fatigue index) of CM group and placebo group (P=0.22), and there was no significant difference between the other groups (P>0.05). Among all body composition data after six week HIIT just FFM of CM+training group showed significant increase comparing placebo and training group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Daily CM supplementation during six weeks of HIIT training increases serum NO levels and upper body anaerobic power in elite male wrestlers comparing HIIT alone.   

   Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of strategic leadership on performance improvement with emphasis on the mediating role of organizational learning. The descriptive-survey research method and the statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of the General Directorate of Sport and Youth Affairs of the three provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah and Hamadan (250 people). According to Krejcie and Morgan (1970), the sample size was 150 individuals. Data were collected using standard questionnaires of strategic leadership of Lear (2012), Kaplan & Norton (2001) organizational performance questionnaires and Gomez et al. (2005) organizational learning capability assessment. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests were used to test the research hypotheses. Finally, the research model was validated using SMART PLS software. The results showed that strategic leadership directly affects the organizational performance of employees and indirectly through organizational learning on the organizational performance of employees. It can be concluded that managers of sport organizations can provide the ground for enhancing organizational learning among employees by providing essential attention to organizational learning factors and using strategic leadership style in the organization and thus improve organizational performance.

  Review Adventurous tourism is a kind of tourism that has a somewhat accompanied risk and has a special physical activity and skills in it, the nature is a person to challenge and strive to take the effort. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of tourism based on adventure sports Is Kermanshah. Research in terms of nature is an exploratory and applied research and is also used in qualitative study phase of the grounded theory. The population of this study was 14 experts and experts in the field of sport tourism, using qualitative method and snowball and theoretical saturation index was used to sample of the research community. Data collection tool was a library study and a deep interview. In the present study, the method of agreement within the subject to calculate the reliability of the interviews has been used that the reliability between the two Kdgozar was determined using the formula, 76%. In the data analysis phase, after reviewing and library studies as well as data coding in qualitative, open and axial coding were performed. In this research, territorial and regional factors, as causal conditions, laws and regulations, human resource training as the underlying conditions, management factors, support and informing as confounding conditions, investment, training and advertising, tourism management as a strategy to control, The management and response to the phenomenon are adopted, are considered. Also, in this theory, economic, social, cultural categories are considered as consequences and outcome. The results of this study showed that Kermanshah Province has high natural potentials for tourism adventurous sports, but in the sub-manufacturing sector are deficient. It also showed that the development of adventure tourism in the province has positive and influential consequences. Key words: Adventure tourism, qualitative research, feasibility study, Kermanshah, sport

  AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sport event innovation on consumer behavior using structural equation modeling. At first, dimensions and themes related to sport event innovation and consumer behavior were identified and then relationships between variables were identified. Two questionnaires were used for data collection. The first questionnaire is related to sport event innovation and consists of 7 dimensions and 36 questions. The second questionnaire is related to consumer behavior and includes 3 dimensions and 11 questions. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate reliability and the reliability of both questionnaires was evaluated as desirable. The statistical population of the study consisted of all athletic students of Razi University with 280 students and 280 questionnaires distributed among the respondents. Structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze the data and determine the relationships between variables. Data were analyzed using    and LISREL statistical software. According to the analysis of the research hypotheses, the results confirm all the research hypotheses.Keywords: Innovation, Behavioral Intentions, Brand Equity, Customer Satisfaction, Sporting Event

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of strategic decision-making and strategic control system on organizational performance among experts of Ministry of Sport and Youth of Iran. The study method was descriptive-survey and in terms of purpose was applicable. The statistical universe contained all experts of Ministry of Sport and Youth of Iran (400) of which 214 persons were selected according to Morgan’s table by using stratified random sampling. To collect information, three questionnaires such as Elbanna’s standard strategic decision-making (2008), strategic control system of Heybidin et al. (2016) and organizational performance of Ahmadi et al. (2013) were used.    22 and Lisrel 8/70 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a remarkable relation between strategic decision-making, strategic control system and organizational performance. Therefore, managers of sportive organizations should pay huge attention to the principles of strategic decision-making and strategic control system so from this way they can reinforce the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization and achieve the organizational goals.  

  AbstractAs a recent variable, strategic entrepreneurship has found a special place among many researchers in the world as a key factor for growth and acquisition of wealth and satisfaction of customers of different institutions, including sport organizations. the main purpose of this study is the effect of strategic entrepreneurship on performance by emphasizing the strategic role of competitive advantage in sport clubs in the west of the country. the present study is descriptive - survey. the population of this study consisted of managers and heads of all western sports clubs in the west. The sampling method in this research was stratified random and was considered as the sample based on the Cochran formula 261. The research tools included the Strategic Entrepreneurship Questionare of Malek Ehlagh (2014), the competitive advantage Questionare of Lili et al. (2006) and the business performance Questionare of Holly et al. (2009). For analyzing data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, dispersion and center-to-center) and inferential (Structural Equation Modeling Methodology) were used with    22 and Amos 24 softwares. It should be noted that quantitative statistical analysis was performed with a level of error of 0.05. based on the results, strategic entrepreneurship has a significant positive impact on competitive advantage and on employee performance of western sports clubs. Competitive advantage has also a positive and significant impact on the business performance of employees of western sports clubs in the country. Furthermore, among the components of strategic entrepreneurship, only entrepreneurial mind was not competitive, as well as the elements of the resources administration and innovation on performance. As it is clear, the survival and growth of each organization in terms of various factors including: growth, innovation, performance evaluation, and improving it in competitive market and so on. It has to be noted that there has never been a research with this field in sport organisations. therefore, the researcher suggests that the results of this research can be considered the attention of many organizations and sport institutions in order to obtain factors such as profit and wealth, growth of innovation, acquisition and retention of customer satisfaction, acquisition and retention of customers ' competitive market and etc. Overall, the results of this study indicate that strategic entrepreneurship and its components can play a very important role in meeting the goals and improving the performance of any organization, particularly in terms of financial and financial performance, in addition to the aforementioned factors. according to the results, managers of western sports clubs have more emphasis on improving the impact of strategic entrepreneurship and competitive advantage in the organization to increase their business performance.Keywords: Strategic Entrepreneurship, Competitive Advantage, Business Performance, Sports Club, West Country.

The study of objective and subjective variables of overtraining in female soccer players during the soccer premier league

  One of the factors influencing learning and performing motor skills is attention and focusing it is a way to increase productivity and learning. One of the competitive conditions that can have an impact on the performance of the athlete is the presence of the spectator. The purpose of this study was to investigate the internal, external, and self-regulating attention on the dribble performance (speed and accuracy) of the Mamolan city’s futsalists. The research population is composed of 14-17 year-old expert futsalists from the Mamolan city. 32 futsalists of the mentiond population were selected as the research sample by available method. The Futsal Dribble Skill Test was taken into consideration from all individuals in different situations. The scores of accuracy and speed of athletes performance were enterd and analysed in    version 22 software. To assess the distribution of scores and descriptive statistics, Shapiro Wilk test, mean and standard deviation were used. Considering the significance of Shapiro Wilk test, non-parametric Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were used to test the research hypotheses. The results of this study showed that internal and self-regulated attention does not affect performance of dribbling accuracy and speed of athletes (p> 0.05). However, external attention showed a significant effect on the accuracy and speed performance of athlete dribbling (p <0.05). Also, the comparison of the differential effects of attentional focus showed that there was a significant difference between the accuracy and speed performance in the attentional focus of internal, external and self-regulating. According to the results, it can be argued that the focus of attention on performance is influenced by the presence of the spectator and should be considered as an important variable.

  The aim of this research was to explain the relationship between human resources strategies, and strategic human capital with organizational performance among experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. The research method is descriptive-survey and statistical population of this research consisted of all experts of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Iran (400). In a simple random sampling method, 196 people were selected as the sample, Krejcie and Morgan (1970). Data was collected from three Bambergger and M?hlm human resources questionnaires (2000), Tulles strategic human capital (2006) and Ahmadi organizational performance (2013). For data analysis, structural equation modeling and path analysis by LISREL software was used.The results of the research showed that there was a significant relationship between the human resources strategies and strategic human capital with organizational performance among experts of Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran. Among the human resources strategies "multiple and paternal strategy" and among the strategic human capital components, "Human Capital Expansion and Organization Characteristics" had the most effect on organizational performance. Therefore, it is recommended to consider these components in increasing the organizational performance of the experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth.

  The impact of relationship quality on behavioral responses customers in sports clubs Lorestan Province

The environment consists of everything that surrounds an organism, including natural elements as well as human beings. Like all other animal species that make up the global ecosystem, humans always interact with their environment and partly change that environment. However, humans are the only creatures that can have a significant impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the environmental responsibilities involved in sports organizations. For this purpose, all employees of Sport Development and Maintenance Company were considered as a statistical society. Since the organizations total number of employees was 150, according to the number of pockets, the number of samples was considered equal to the community. The target sample was taken through non-random sampling. Based on the studies, no questionnaire was found. Therefore, based on theoretical foundations, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed in the form of three factors of environmental credibility, environmental expectations and environmental requirements. After verifying the validity of the questionnaire by 7 sports management professors and confirming the reliability of the questionnaire through Cronbachs alpha (0.81). After data collection, descriptive statistics (frequency tables, mean, standard deviation ...) and inferential statistics (Smyrom Kolmogorov, confirmatory factor and exploratory factor analysis) were used to analyze the data. Data analysis was performed using Amos and   -19 software. After the factor analysis, 8 questions were removed due to a yield less than 0.4. The measurement model and research model were designed based on 18 standard questions. In the tests, the level of P <0.05 was considered significant. The results indicate that environmental responsibility has a significant effect on the two variables of environmental expectations and environmental validity but does not have a significant effect on environmental requirements.

The purpose of this study was to explain the model of effective factors on the development of environmental culture in sport. The present study was a   descriptive-survey research.The statistical population is consisted of the students of Razi University of Kermanshah. Based on the sample size of Krejci and Morgan samples, 384 students of Razi University have responded to the revised questionnaire of Boehmehrani and Razavi (1393) with a five-point scale Likert scale, which have formal and content validity. It was surveyed by the opinion of professors and experts related to the subject of research, and its reliability was reported using Cronbachs alpha of 0.78.To analyze the data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis method was used to identify the factors influencing the development of environmental culture in sport using    and Lisrel software.The results of the research indicated six factors including factors of education, research, management, structure, culture development and national strategies as factors influencing the development of environmental culture in sport and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed fit of the model.The findings showed that the factors of education, research, management, structure, culture, and national strategies have an impact on the development of environmental culture in sport. Therefore, to develop the environmental culture in sport, all this should be used and, by doing different work, developed the environment in sport.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transformational leadership on organizational entrepreneurship among experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, considering the role of mediator of political intelligence. The methodology of this research is descriptive and correlational according to the nature of the subject and the desired goals. The statistical population of the study consisted of all experts of the Ministry of Sport and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran, numbering 400 people. Using a sample size chart of Grejsi and Morgan sample, 196 people were selected by simple random sampling. The data of this study were conducted through the Transformation Questionnaire of Aurovin Aulivos Bes (1995) with validity and reliability of 0.74 and 0.66, Dowryar et al. (1394), Validity and Reliability Questionnaire (0.71, 0.63) and Kevin and Sliven (1982) Organizational Entrepreneurship Questionnaire Validity and reliability were 0.77, 71 and data analysis was performed by   23 software. The method used to test the hypotheses of the research is Pearson correlation coefficient. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05. Research findings show that there is a meaningful positive relationship between transformational leadership with organizational entrepreneurship and political intelligence, and between political intelligence and organizational entrepreneurship.  

  The purpose of this study was the Codification of Strategic Plan of Women Sport in Kermanshah Province with Looking at the Sixth Development Plan.This study is based on the diseriptive-practical. The statistical sample of this research were 100 individuals, included: Physical education Professors, Managers and senior officials of the General Directorate Sports and youth the province and the city province, Heads of Sports Committees province, a group of coaches and administrative staff of womens sport in Kermanshah Province. For gathering data a verified questionnaire contained 74 ranked questions about weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats of Women Sport. Some of the professors and experts have confirmed currency of the questionnaire and its permanency was confirmed by Coronbakh Alfa (?=0/91). For analyzing data, more over the descriptive indexes the comparative averages test and Freedman test and internal and external evaluation matrix were used. The results located of the study showed that the Women Sport in Kermanshah Province is in SWOT coordinate in SO position and from the view point of the internal and external factors is in strengths and opportunity position respectively. Hence, Offensive strategies are recommended to development the Women Sport in Kermanshah Province. Also by using the analysis of matrix 5 SO Strategy, 4 ST Strategy, 4 WO Strategy and 4 WT Strategy to convert the weaknesses to strengths and threats to opportunities. Also, it was defined that in strengths position the uppermost rank was related to the Acquisition Championship titles in Different sports By women in the national and international level, and about weaknesses it was related Inability to attract sponsors for the championship and the womens teams in league. For the opportunities position the rank was Attend of women of the province in the Asian Games, World and Olympic. In the threats position the monopoly of the media by addressing the most popular sports men, especially football, wrestling and ... as the uppermost rank.Key words: Codification, Strategy, Women Sport, SWOT