In recent years, the use of intelligent packaging based on edible or biodegradable films has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this type of packaging, the color change of the film can indicate the spoilage and freshness of various products. Total volatile bases, which are produced during the spoilage of protein-based foods, can react with water molecules in the film, leading to an increase in pH and a color change in the indicators within the polymer. This study will investigate the chemical, structural, and morphological properties of a smart aerogel based on carboxymethyl cellulose Arabic gum containing carbon dots and anthocyanins derived from black chickpea peels, as well as its application in monitoring the freshness of chicken fillets.

  androlone is one of the most abused anabolic androgenic drugs that are abused. Studies show a connection between nandrolone and learning and memory. The effect of nandrolone on learning and memory is complicated and the results are different. Nandrolone can affect learning and memory using different pathways, including genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Non-genomic steroid function involves the rapid induction of conventional second messenger signal transduction cascades. This process can increase intracellular calcium and activate protein kinases and phosphatases. Calcineurin is an intracellular signaling element that modulates learning and memory and the activation of calcineurin depends on calcium concentration. It is reported that steroids modulate calcineurin activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify nandrolone mechanism on spatial and passive avoidance memory and the role of calcineurin. In this study, 40 adult rats were devided into 4 groups including: control, nandrolone (5 mg/kg), nandrolone (15 mg/kg) and nandrolone (20 mg/kg). After 4 weeks of nandrolone injections, learning and memory will be evaluated using morris water maze (MWM) and shuttle box. At the end of behavioral measurements, the hippocampus of the rats will be extracted to assess the protein expression and calcineurin activity in dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Data analysis will be done using   

چكيده مقدمه و هدف : فاض?ب دفعي بيمارستان از مهم‌ترين منابع انتشار عوامل عفونت‌زا در مح?ط است. وجود عواملانگلي متعدد و زئونوز در فاضلاب بيمارستاني و احتمال راه‌يابي اين فاضلاب به آبهاي آشاميدني يا محصولات كشاورزي، خطري بالقوه جهت انتقال بيماري‌هاي‌ انگلي به انسان و دام محسوب ميشود. فاضلاب‌ها به دليل دارا بودن مواد مغذي ميتواند براي اصلاح خاك استفاده شود و چنانچه به شكل صحيح سالم‌سازي نشود، عوامل مقاوم انگلي نظير تخم كرم‌ها و كيست تك‌ياختهها ممكن است وارد محصولات كشاورزي شود. هدف از ا?ن مطالعه تع??ن وضع?ت آلودگي‌انگل? فاض?ب خام بيمارستان امام رضا (ع) شهر كرمانشاه است. مواد و روش‌كار : اين مطالعه بر روي نمونه‌هاي اخذ شده از بيمارستان امام رضا(ع) شهرستان كرمانشاه صورت گرفته و نمونه‌گيري از فروردين ماه 1403 تا شهريور ماه 1403 به مدت 6 ماه و به صورت هفتگي انجام شد. نمونـه‌هاي اخذ شده بـراي انجـام آزمايشات انگل شناسي به آزمايشگاه انگل شناسي دانشكده دامپزشكي دانشگاه رازي منتقل شدند. آنـاليز انگلـي بـر اسـاس روش بيلنجـر بـا لام شـمارش مـك ‌مسـتر انجام شد. جهت تشخيص آلودگي نمونههاي اخذ شده به تك‌ياخته كريپتوسپوريديوم از هر نمونه 3 گسترش تهيه‌كرده و پس از ثابت كردن با اتانول به روش ذل-نيلسون اصلاح شده رنگ‌آميزي ميشود و زير ميكروسكوپ مشاهده شد و وجود آلودگي و شدت آلودگي براي هر نمونه ثبت گرديد. جهت مقايسه آلودگي در ماههاي مختلف نمونهگيري از آزمونهاي آماري در بستر نرم‌افزار    استفاده شد. در اين مطالعه مقادير p كمتر از 05/0 معنيدار در نظر گرفته شدند. نتايج : بر اساس نتايج به‌دست‌آمده، در روش تلمن تخم تنيا، لارو نماتود، تخم هيمنولپيس نانا، كيست ژيارديا، كيست كيلوماستيكس، كيست آميب، كيست بلاستوسيستيس هومينيس، كيست يوامبا بوتچلي مشاهده شد و فاضلاب تصفيه شده بيمارستان امام رضا ازنظر آلودگي با كريپتوسپوريديوم در مواردي بسيار كم مثبت بود. آزمون‌هاي آماري كه بر روي نتايج روش تلمن انجام شد، اختلاف معني‌دار بين آلودگي انگلي فاضلاب تصفيه شده ماه‌هاي نمونه‌گيري را نشان نداد. همين‌طور اختلاف معني‌دار بين آلودگي انگلي فصل بهار و تابستان فاضلاب تصفيه شده بيمارستان امام رضا ديده نشد. آلودگي به كريپتوسپوريديوم در ماههاي مختلف بيمارستان و در فصول بهار و تابستان اختلاف معني‌داري را نشان نداد. نتيجه‌گيري : آلودگي فاضلاب بيمارستان امام رضا(ع) كرمانشاه به انواع انگلهاي پاتوژن، نشاندهنده توانايي پسابها و كود ناشي از آن در آلوده سازي منابع آبي و محصولات كشاورزي مورداستفاده براي انسان و دامهاست. لذا سالم‌سازي صحيح فاضلاب قبل از ورود به محيط‌زيست از اهميت بالايي برخوردار است. كلمات كليدي : فاضلاب، فاضلاب بيمارستان، آلودگي انگلي، كرمانشاه، تك‌ياخته، كرم

This study aims to incorporate Chrysanthemum indicum petals’ extract (CIE) into the carboxymethyl cellulose nanofibers by the electrospinning technique and design corn starch- chitosan (CS-CH) aerogels enriched with encapsulated CIE 6% and montmorillonite (MMT, 0.5%) by freeze-drying process to track the freshness of rainbow trout fillets using corresponding pH-sensitive aerogels during 6 days of storage at chilled conditions. The thickness, water solubility, moisture content, and water vapor sorption capacity of developed CS-CH aerogels were 0.38 -0.39 cm, 5.49% - 59.80%, 0.10% - 0.17%, and 0.24% - 4.12%, respectively. The color of pH-sensitive CS-CH + CIE 6% and CS-CH + CIE 6% + MMT 0.5% aerogels was red, purplish-red,blue, peacock blue, and brown at pH 1-4, 5-6, 7, 8, and 9-10, respectively. After 4 days of refrigerated storage of the rainbow trout fillets, the initial white color of the CS-CH + CIE 6% and CS-CH + CIE 6% + MMT 0.5% aerogels rapidly turned blue, while the total viable count, psychrotrophic bacterial count, total volatile basic nitrogen, and pH of the samples reached 7.34  log CFU/g, 5.89 log CFU/g, 25.59 mg N/100 g, and 7.12, respectively, indicating that the samples spoiled and is no longer acceptable for human utilization.

Keywords: pH-sensitive label, electrospinning, freshness monitoring  

Background: Given the projected increase in poultry meat consumption in the coming decades and advancements in genetic improvement processes and nutritional technologies for broiler chickens—leading to a shorter growth period—and due to the limited agricultural resources for poultry feed, the importance of the hatching phase has become more significant. In ovo injection is an innovative technology that has the potential to improve hatchability and subsequent growth performance in broiler chickens. Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, plays vital roles in embryonic development, cellular differentiation, and tissue formation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of retinoic acid on hatchability, the expression of growth-related genes, hepatic enzyme status, and the early growth of internal organs post-hatching.

Methods: In this study, 250 fertilized eggs were divided into five groups: the retinoic acid injection group, the    injection group, the DMSO injection group, the ethanol-disinfected group, and the control group. The injections were performed on day 14 of incubation, and the chicks were sacrificed on the first day of hatching for experimental analyses. The necessary samples were collected for further examinations.

Results: The results indicated that in ovo injection of retinoic acid had no significant effect on the hatchability rate or chick weight. Regarding liver function, no significant changes were observed in hepatic enzyme levels, including GGT, LDH, and GOT. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant increase in GHR gene expression in the liver tissue of the retinoic acid-treated group. However, no significant changes were detected in GHR expression in intestinal tissue or in IGF-1 expression in both liver and intestinal tissues. Histomorphometric analysis of the duodenum and colon tissues showed slight changes in villus length and crypt depth, but these changes were not statistically significant .Additionally, no alterations were observed in the normal histological structure of the liver tissue.

Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that on the first day of hatching, the expression of the GHR gene in liver tissue was significantly increased, which could potentially contribute to enhanced growth and improved growth performance later in life. Furthermore, retinoic acid at the administered concentration had no significant effects on hatchability, chick weight, liver function, IGF-1 gene expression, or the histomorphometric findings examined in this study.

Keywords: In ovo injection, retinoic acid, hatchability, growth, gene expression, broiler chicken.

  

  

The objectives of the present experiment were to fabricate aerogels based on gelatin-sodium alginate (GL-SA) containing cellulose nanofibers (CNF, 1.5%) and encapsulated Echinacea angustifolia extract (EAE, 5.5%) and investigate their potential utilization of fabricated intelligent aerogels to track the silver carp fillet freshness over a 6-day period at refrigerated conditions. The GL-SA + EAE 5.5% and GL-SA + EAE 5.5% + CNF 1.5% aerogels presented distinguishable color changes at pH 1-2, 3-6, 7, 8, and 9-10, which were pink, red, dark violet, green, and yellow-brown, respectively, and were highly sensitive to volatile ammonia. The developed aerogels exhibited appropriate thermal stability and physical properties, including water solubility (14.15%-55.23%), moisture content (0.12%-0.28%), and water vapor sorption capacity (0.17%-0.81%). The colorimetric GL-SA + EAE 5.5% and GL-SA + EAE 5.5% + CNF 1.5% aerogels indicated different colors (white ? dark violet) to represent the spoilage of silver carp fillets as the pH (6.63 ? 7.12), total volatile basic nitrogen (7.49 mg N/100 g ? 25.89 mg N/100g), total viable count (3.34 log CFU/g ? 7.10 log CFU/g), and psychrotrophic bacterial count (3.01 log CFU/g ? 6.16 log CFU/g) of the packaged fish changed.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and fatal types of cancer. Despite advances in therapeutic strategies, the limitations and side effects of current treatments underscore the urgent need for novel and more effective approaches. Among these, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO   ) have emerged as a promising candidate for cancer therapy due to their significant antitumor properties and the feasibility of environmentally friendly synthesis methods. While numerous studies have explored the antitumor effects of ZnO   , the precise mechanisms of action and their relationship with alterations in tumor marker expressions, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), remain inadequately understood.

This study aims to elucidate the dual effects of green-synthesized ZnO    on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells and their impact on the expression of these tumor markers, contributing to the personalization of treatments and improvement of therapeutic outcomes for CRC patients. Additionally, to assess the role of synthesis methods in nanoparticle efficacy, the results of green-synthesized ZnO    were compared with those of chemically synthesized ZnO   .

Green synthesis of ZnO    was performed using ethanolic pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum). Bioactive compounds in the extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential analysis, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results confirmed the formation of nanoscale particles with a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, spherical and hexagonal morphology.

The antitumor effects of the green-synthesized ZnO   , compared to chemically synthesized ZnO   , were evaluated on colorectal cancer cells. The MTT assay revealed that green-synthesized ZnO    exhibited stronger dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on colorectal cancer cells than their chemically synthesized counterparts, with an IC50 value of 80.28 µg/mL. DAPI and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining demonstrated significant tumor cell growth arrest in cancer cells treated with green-synthesized ZnO   . Furthermore, ELISA analysis showed a substantial reduction in tumor biomarkers CEA and KRAS.

The findings of this study suggest that integrating novel therapeutic approaches, including the application of green-synthesized ZnO    using ethanolic pomegranate peel extract (P.G.), along with precise evaluation of multiple tumor biomarkers, could lead to significant advancements in targeted and effective colorectal cancer therapies.

Keywords: Zinc oxide nanoparticles, green synthesis, colorectal cancer cells, HT-29, tumor biomarkers, ELISA, DAPI staining, acridine orange/ethidium bromide.