Objective: The order of reptiles is one of the oldest orders of terrestrial vertebrates. One of the most prominent features studied about this order is the study of reproduction and their reproductive cycles.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of empagliflozin on the side effects of doxorubicin on the function and tissue structure of rat testis. For this purpose, 28 adult male mice were prepared and divided into 4 groups as follows. Control group: They were kept with the usual diet and without taking any medicine, with other groups. Doxorubicin group: the animals of this group were injected intraperitoneally with doxorubicin at the rate of mg/kg2 on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The above amount and method were injected, and at the same time empagliflozin was injected daily at the rate of 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 28 days. Empagliflozin group: the animals of this group were administered empagliflozin in the above amount and method. After the end of the experiment period, each animal was anesthetized using ketamine and xylazine and blood was taken from the heart. The test tubes containing the blood clot were centrifuged and the serum samples were transferred to the relevant laboratory to measure the sex hormone testosterone and factors related to oxidative stress (MDA, TAC). Also, anesthetized mice were eased without feeling pain, and their right testicle samples were immediately separated and placed in 10% formalin for tissue fixation, and then transferred to the histology laboratory to prepare a tissue slide. Biochemical results showed that in the doxorubicin group, the amount of testosterone hormone and total antioxidant capacity decreased and the amount of MDA increased compared to the control group. Also, in the doxorubicin group, the percentage of non-motile sperms or with non-progressive movement, as well as abnormalities in the head, neck, and tail increased compared to the control group, and the percentage of motile, progressive and normal sperms decreased. In addition, the number of germ cells, the diameter of the spermatogenic tube, and the thickness of its germinal epithelium decreased in the doxorubicin group compared to the control group. In the histological observations, confusion and lack of coherence and tissue order in the arrangement of the seminiferous tubules, complete or local analysis of the tissue corresponding to the germinal covering of the spermatogenic tubules, and the lack of formation and recognition of different sex cells, as well as the relative emptying of the lumen of the tubules from spermatids in the tissue structure of the testis The mice of the doxorubicin group were observed. But treatment with empagliflozin was able to improve all the above adverse changes. Therefore, it seems that empagliflozin can be used to reduce or treat the adverse side effects of doxorubicin in patients undergoing chemotherapy

   Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the common drugs used in cancer treatment, which causes apoptosis of cancer cells. On the other hand, in addition to cancer cells, this drug also affects other organs of the body and causes toxicity in them, among the organs that are affected by this drug is the reproductive system, which It can cause the patient's infertility. Its other side effects can be called insulin resistance and increased blood glucose levels. Empagliflozin (Empa) is one of the common drugs in diabetes mellitus type II, which prevents the reabsorption of glucose from urine by inhibiting sodium glucose cotra  orter 2 (SGLT2). In addition to its anti-diabetic properties, it also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that cause weight loss, lower blood pressure and reduction of heart diseases. In this study, the effect of empagliflozin on the toxicity caused by the use of doxorubicin in the ovary has been investigated. For this purpose, 24 Syrian female NMRI mice aged six weeks were randomly placed into 4 groups of 6, which were kept under standard conditions for 28 days. In the Dox group, on the first day, 10 mg/kg of Dox was injected intraperitoneally, in the Dox+Empa group, in addition to a single injection of Dox at the rate of 10 mg/kg on the first day; 10 mg/kg of Empat was injected daily until the end of the period, in the third group or Empa, 10 mg/kg was injected daily until the end of the period, and the fourth group or control was also injected with physiological saline serum. During the treatment period, the weight of the mice was recorded weekly. After the end of the course and by injecting anesthesia to the mice, blood samples were collected from the heart, and ovarian samples were also collected for histological studies. After tissue passage, the number of different types of follicles were counted and recorded. In addition, by separating serum from blood samples, parameters such as blood glucose, estradiol and progesterone hormones, total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation were measured. The results showed that doxorubicin in the Dox group significantly decreased the number of ovarian follicles, the amount of estradiol and progesterone hormones, the amount of weight, and the total antioxidant capacity compared to other groups (P?0.05). Also, doxorubicin caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (P?0.05). On the other hand, Empa caused a relative improvement in the Dox + Empa group due to its antioxidant properties, and the amount of estradiol and progesterone hormones, the total antioxidant capacity, and the number of follicles showed a significant increase compared to the Dox group (P ?0.05); the amount of lipid peroxidation also decreased significantly (P?0.05). The control and Empa groups did not show any obvious difference except for weight and blood sugar. The results show that Empa, having antioxidant properties, has positive effects on reducing the toxicity caused by Dox consumption in the ovaries and can protect the ovaries from the harmful effects of Dox. Keywords

  Reproduction is one of the most importante events in an organism lifetime in which the survival and the transfer of genetic pool depend on it. The succsessful maturation of the oocyte is the beging point of this complex process that includes nucleus and cytoplasm maturation. In vitro maturation is an artificial process and aimes to start the oocyte internal mechanisms for completion of maturation in vitro. The essentials for starting, continuing and the completion of oocyte maturation is the availability of energy. This energy is provided by mitochondria and also calcium homeostasis that plays an important role in maturation is controlled by mitochondria as well, but during in vitro culture the gathering of oxidative stress becomes an obsticle for maturation and reduces the oocyte maturation rate. Empagliflozin is an antidiabatic drug with antioxidant properties that through different ways such as improving the energy metabolism, activating the AMPK signaling pathway which is an important signaling pathway in starting the oocyte maturation process, preventing damage to mitochondria, improving calcim homeostasis and providing energy, aides oocyte maturation in vitro. In this research we separated the NMRI 6-8 weeks mice with 27 gage syringe and put the oocytes in 25 microlitter MEM alpha media culture with 50 nanomole, 100 nanomole, 10 micromole and 1 micromole of Empagliflozin doses and incubated them for 24 and 48 houre in an 37 degree, 5% CO2 incubator. After 24 and 48 houre of incubation, we investigated the oocytes under an inver microscope. In order to investigate the results we used Chi-square test. The percentage of maturation in controle group, 50 nanomole, 100 nanomole, 10 micromole and 1 mictomole after 24 houre were 26/70, 38/54, 27/33, 31/34 and 29/05 respectively, and 50 nanomole had meaningful difference in comparison to controle group (P?0.05). After 48 h of incubation the results were 44/50, 59/37, 48/66, 46/26 and 37/16 respectively which 50 nanomole had meaningful difference in comparison to controle group (P?0.05). Our findings in this research show that Empagliflozin is an effective element in oocyte in vitro maturation and it could affect oocytes in order to achive MII phase dose depending, and it could be used as a suppliment in oocyte culture media. Key words: in vitro maturation, empagliflozin, oocyte, mouce