Abstract Background: Mental health is one of the main dimensions of health and a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development, which has a decisive impact on the quality of individual and social life. However, the increasing prevalence of mental disorders, especially in developing societies and among women, has doubled the need to design effective and accessible interventions. Physical activity, including resistance training, as a well-known non-pharmacological method, plays a significant role in improving indicators such as quality of life, anxiety, self-confidence, and body image. In addition to exercise, new technologies such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) also help improve psychological functions by inducing lasting neural changes. Previous research shows that the combination of these two methods can produce powerful synergistic effects; however, most previous research has examined the combination of tDCS and aerobic exercise, and fewer studies have focused on the simultaneous effects of resistance training and tDCS. Also, most of these studies have been conducted on men and there is insufficient evidence for women. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of four weeks of resistance training combined with tDCS on various dimensions of mental health in young women. Methodology: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-sectional design. 24 female subjects with no history of exercise training participated in this study. After the groups were determined, all participants attended a briefing session, and in the same session, one repetition maximum was measured using an estimated method based on the guidelines provided for estimating one repetition maximum. One week after the briefing session, pre-test measurements were taken 4 days before the start of the first training session. After completing the measurements in the pre-test phase, the "anodal + training" group performed a resistance training program for 4 weeks along with receiving non-invasive anodal brain stimulation after each resistance training session. The "sham + exercise" group had the same routine as the first group for 4 weeks, but instead of receiving anodal stimulation, they received sham stimulation. 48 hours after the end of the last exercise session, post-test measurements were performed with a similar procedure to the pre-test. Considering the number of questionnaires used in this study and in order to prevent the process of completing the questionnaires from being boring, a 4-day period was considered before and after the intervention, and an attempt was made to present and complete 2 questionnaires to the participants each day, separately in the morning and afternoon. The mean values ??of the research variables were used in statistical analysis, and parametric statistical methods such as independent t-test, two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, and one-way ANOVA with repeated measures were used for statistical analysis of the data. Findings: The results of the present study showed that the level of anxiety in both anodal + exercise groups (p = 0.011) and sham + exercise (p = 0.033) decreased immediately after the intervention, but in the anodal stimulation group, this decrease remained stable in the four-week follow-up period (p = 0.008), while in the sham group, the level of anxiety increased again in the follow-up period (p = 0.014). In other variables including quality of life, mental health, sleep quality, body image dimensions, self-confidence and cognitive flexibility, the main effect of time was significant and a significant improvement was observed compared to before the intervention (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. In the self-concept variable, neither the group nor the time effect was significant.

  ackground: Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic and chronic autoimmune disease that is accompanied by progressive joint destruction, persistent systemic inflammation, and a marked reduction in quality of life. Factors like interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) play a central role in its pathogenesis. Exercise is recommended as a complementary therapy, but the acute inflammatory and neurophysiological response to a single session of aerobic activity and the difference of responses in hypoxic compared to normoxic conditions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study for the first time examined the effect of a single 30-minute session of moderate-intensity aerobic activity under normobaric hypoxia (13% oxygen, equivalent to an altitude of about 3800 meters) and normoxia on inflammatory indices and neurophysiological responses of these patients.Methods: This study was conducted in a controlled crossover design with counterbalanced order. After preliminary examinations, 16 men aged 30–64 years with rheumatoid arthritis living in Kermanshah voluntarily participated in this study. Before the main sessions, participants attended a familiarization session with the procedure. In this session, after full explanations about the procedure, possible benefits and harms, written consent was obtained. Then, participants were randomly assigned to two separate sessions (hypoxia and normoxia) with a one-week interval. In each session, after 30 minutes of rest in hypoxic or normoxic conditions, participants performed a 30-minute aerobic activity on a cycle ergometer at 65–75% of maximum heart rate under the same condition. In each session, blood sampling was performed before and after aerobic activity to measure IL-6, CRP, and ESR. Also, pain index, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO?) during aerobic activity; as well as sleep quality (Groningen questionnaire) and well-being (WBQ) on the night after aerobic activity were assessed. Normal distribution of data was checked with the Shapiro–Wilk test, and depending on the result, paired t-test (RPE, HR, SpO?, pain index, WBQ well-being score) or Wilcoxon test (IL-6, CRP, ESR, sleep quality) was used.Findings: The results of the present study showed that IL-6 decreased significantly after exercise in normoxic condition (p = 0.011), but did not change significantly under hypoxia. Also, ESR decreased significantly in both hypoxia and normoxia (respectively: p = 0.026, p = 0.043). SpO? during exercise was significantly lower in hypoxia (p < 0.001), and rating of perceived exertion was significantly higher in hypoxia compared to normoxia (p = 0.019). On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between hypoxia and normoxia for CRP, heart rate, pain, sleep quality, and well-being questionnaire scores.Conclusion: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in men with rheumatoid arthritis is safe in terms of pain sensation, sleep quality, and well-being, both in normoxia and hypoxia, and men with rheumatoid arthritis can benefit from the advantages of moderate-intensity aerobic activity. However, aerobic exercise under hypoxia should be performed with caution and under supervision, because it may reduce part of the anti-inflammatory responses and increase physiological and perceptual load.Keywords: Normobaric hypoxia; Simulated altitude; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; C-reactive protein; Well-being; Sleep quality

   Introduction:   on-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the epidemic of chronic liver disease, and its prevalence is continuously increasing. This disease follows a progressive course and could gradually lead to liver cirrhosis and death. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on selected inflammatory markers in women with NAFLD. Methodology: This semi-experimental study included 30 female subjects with NAFLD, selected through purposive and convenience sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group performed MICT for eight weeks, three sessions per week. Serum levels of liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, and cortisol hormone were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The findings of the present study demonstrated that eight weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training in individuals with NAFLD led to reductions in body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cortisol, along with an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and maximal oxygen uptake (VO?max) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it could be concluded that reducing liver tissue damage markers through moderate-intensity continuous training is one of the key mechanisms of exercise in the treatment of NAFLD. These outcomes may highlight the significance of continuous training with moderate-to-high intensity in the management of NAFLD. Keywords: Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), inflammatory markers, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol. Introduction:   on-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the epidemic of chronic liver disease, and its prevalence is continuously increasing. This disease follows a progressive course and can gradually lead to liver cirrhosis and death. This study aims to investigate the effect of eight weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on selected inflammatory markers in women with NAFLD. Methodology: This semi-experimental study included 30 female subjects with NAFLD, selected through purposive and convenience sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group performed MICT for eight weeks, three sessions per week. Serum levels of liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, and cortisol hormone were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The findings of the present study demonstrated that eight weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training in individuals with NAFLD led to reductions in body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cortisol, along with an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and maximal oxygen uptake (VO?max) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that reducing liver tissue damage markers through moderate-intensity continuous training is one of the key mechanisms of exercise in the treatment of NAFLD. These outcomes may highlight the significance of continuous training with moderate-to-high intensity in the management of NAFLD. Keywords: Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), inflammatory markers, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol.

  Abstract Introduction: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant supplement that may enhance athletic performance and support psychological well-being by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of NAC supplementation on anaerobic performance, anxiety levels, perceived exertion, and pain perception during the Wingate anaerobic test. Methods: Twelve female physical education students participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. Each participant consumed either 1800 mg of NAC or a placebo 45 minutes prior to performing a Wingate anaerobic test, with a one-week washout period between conditions. Outcome measures included peak power, mean power, fatigue index, anxiety levels (state and trait), and perceived pain. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed ranked tests (   v26), with significance set at p < .05. Results: NAC significantly increased peak anaerobic power compared to placebo (p = .019), but no significant differences were observed in mean power (p = .167) or fatigue index (p = .937). Pain intensity and perceived exertion during the test did not differ significantly between conditions (p = .417 and p = .236, respectively). While state anxiety levels post-test were unaffected (p = .767), trait anxiety levels were significantly lower following NAC supplementation (p = .033). Conclusion: Consumption of 1800 mg of NAC approximately 45 minutes before performing the Wingate anaerobic test may increase peak anaerobic power and reduce post-test trait anxiety levels in female physical education students. However, acute supplementation with NAC does not have a significant effect on mean power, fatigue index, perceived exertion, or pain perception during the test, nor on their state anxiety levels after the test.

   Abstract:    Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and taurine supplementation on endurance capacity and selected antioxidant, oxidative stress, muscle damage, and inflammatory markers, insulin resistance and sensitivity in male rats. Methodology:

Abstract Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial pulsed current stimulation are among the non-invasive brain methods that have been used in various studies. tDCS, as one of the most common non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, has recently received special attention in sports science. However, limited research has been conducted on the effect of tDCS on improving athletic, cognitive, and perceptual performance in anaerobic activities of a repetitive nature. Transcranial pulsed current electrical stimulation (tPCS) has also attracted much attention as a new method. The importance of this approach is further emphasized when studies have shown that tPCS has a greater ability to increase cortical excitability than transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of tDCS and tPCS on athletic performance and perceptual responses during and after six periods of maximal anaerobic activity.   

هدف: دوران سالمندي ويژگي هاي جسمي و خلقي را براي هر فرد در طول زندگي به وجود مي آورد، بنابراين هر فرد سالمند نيازمند فعاليت هاي ورزشي جهت ارتقا سلامت جسمي و رواني خويش براي بهبود كيفيت زندگي خود است. با افزايش سن تغييراتي در كيفيت زندگي و ساختار خواب و ريتم شبانه روزي ايجاد مي شود. اين تغييرات منجر به بروز اختلالات خواب و شكايات مكرر ناشي از آن مي‌گردد. سالمندان بسياري در سال هاي اخير به ورزش روي آورده اند زيرا   ورزش يكي از بهترين راهكارها براي حفظ سلامتي افراد سالمند مي باشد. موارد و روش‏ها: جامعه آماري اين پژوهش را مردان سالمند 65 – 75 سال شهر كنگاور تشكيل دادند. از اين جامعه آماري 24 نفر (گروه هاي 12 نفره تجربي و كنترل) به عنوان نمونه در پژوهش حاضر شركت كردند. پس از انتخاب نمونه‌ها ابتدا جهت اندازه گيري كيفيت زندگي و خواب از آنها پيش آزمون گرفته شد. زمان تكميل پرسشنامه ها دو روز قبل از شروع پروسه پژوهش بود. بدين صورت كه به منظور اندازه گيري كيفيت زندگي از پرسشنامه كيفيت زندگي كه بر اساس معيارهاي مطرح شده توسط سازمان بهداشت جهاني تحت عنوان (WHOQOL-BREF) مي‌باشد و ترجمه فارسي آن در سايت سازمان موجود است، استفاده شد. براي ارزيابي كيفيت خواب از پرسشنامه كيفيت خواب پيتزبورگ استفاده شد. اين پرسشنامه بهترين ابزار براي اندازه گيري كيفيت خواب در افراد سالمند است. برنامه تمريني به طور كامل در دست نوشته‌اي در اختيار گروه تجربي قرار گرفت و آنها به مدت 8 هفته، در روزهاي فرد تمرينات تركيبي تعادلي و هوازي را در خانه انجام دادند. در حالي كه گروه كنترل هيچگونه تمريني انجام نداد. سپس از آزمودني ها پس آزموني جهت اندازه گيري كيفيت زندگي و خواب كاملا مشابه با مرحله پيش آزمون گرفته شد. يافته‏ها: با توجه به اختلاف معنادار بين پيش آزمون و پس آزمون داده‌هاي بدست آمده از پژوهش اينطور مي توان عنوان نمود كه انجام   هشت هفته تمرين تعادلي هوازي در خانه تاثير معناداري بر كيفيت زندگي و كيفيت خواب آزمودني‌ها دارد.    كليد واژها: تمرين تعادلي هوازي، سالمندان، كيفيت زندگي، كيفيت خواب

Abstract:    Background: Overweight and obesity have been considered as a global epidemic. craving for food, which is a strong desire to consume a certain type of food; (most foods with high calories and low nutritional value) is defined as one of the main causes of obesity and overweight. Craving for food is a psychological state with factors such as; Impulsivity, inhibitory control, risk-taking decision making and cognitive flexibility are related and it is mainly controlled in the prefrontal cortex and the Dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) area of ??the brain. It has been shown that even one session of physical activity can reduce food cravings. On the other hand, the role of non-invasive brain stimulation in reducing food cravings has also been well proven and the results of some meta-analyses have shown this well. Now, taking into account some gaps in the results of recent studies and the questions raised in this field, in the current research; The effect of an aerobic training session with two different types of transcranial brain stimulation including; direct current stimulation or transcranial pulsed current stimulation on variables; Food craving, food preference, appetite, impulsivity, risk-taking decision making, cognitive flexibility and perceptual responses in obese or overweight women with food cravings have been investigated as the main objective. Methods: For this purpose, 15 obese or overweight female subjects with food cravings voluntarily participated in this research. And after holding a briefing session and familiarizing the subjects with all the stages of the research implementation, the subjects attended the research site in three separate sessions with an interval of 7 days between each session. And in these three sessions, being exposed to one of these three different conditions in a mutual balance: 1) aerobic exercise + transcranial direct current stimulation (AE+tDCS), 2) aerobic exercise + transcranial pulse current stimulation (AE+tPCS), 3) Aerobic exercise + sham stimulation (AE+Sham). In this research, the Latin square method was used to apply mutual balance. And in each session, after the subjects' presence at the place of research implementation and preliminary preparations, in the order of the variables; Food craving, appetite, food preference, impulsivity, risk-taking decision making, cognitive flexibility and perceptual responses were measured. Then in the condition (AE+tDCS); First, the subjects received 20 minutes of direct current anodal stimulation in the left DLPFC region and then they began to perform aerobic exercise. In the (AE+tPCS) condition, the implementation of the protocol was the same, with the difference that the type of stimulation received was transcranial pulse current stimulation. And in (AE+Sham) conditions, subjects received sham stimulation for 20 minutes and then performed aerobic exercise. Immediately after the aerobic exercise in each session, the research variables were measured again. In addition, food craving were measured again 24 and 48 hours after the end of the exercise. Also, appetite and perceptual responses were recorded again at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after the completion of aerobic exercise.    Findings:

Background: In the most recent studies, findings indicate that if transcranial directcurrent stimulation is applied as bilateral stimulation to both the primary motor cortex (M1) and the posterior-lateral prefrontal area (DLPFC) causes Corticospinal excitability will increase. Paying attention to this strategy became more important when the results of studies showed that the use of this type of stimulation can be more durable. On the other hand, another type of transcranial electrical stimulation called pulsed current stimulation has been associated with more positive effects compared to direct current stimulation. Therefore, according to the fact that, so far, no research has been done on the effect of bilateral stimulation either in the form of direct current or in the form of pulsed current on muscle performance in women, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of bilateral transcranial stimulation in the form of direct current or pulsed current on performance. Muscular as well as neurophysiological responses in submaximal isotonic contractions in healthy and active women.Research method: 15 subjects with a history of regularly performingresistance exercises participated in this research in an intra-group and counterbalanced design in a double-blind, placebo-controlled (Sham). For this purpose, in a briefing session, after familiarizing the subjects with the steps of the research and measuring the anthropometric characteristics, their maximum repetition in the desired movement was measured. One week after the orientation session, the subjects were randomly exposed to 3 different conditions in three separate sessions with a one-week interval between the sessions: 1) Dual-site stimulation of the transcranial direct current and performing 3 sets until the leg press movement stopped; 2) Dual-site stimulation of transcranial pulse current and performing 3 sets until leg press movement sto   and 3) sham stimulation and performing 3 sets until the leg press movement was stopped.Findings: The results of the present study showed that muscle pain in all conditionsincreased significantly from the first set to the third set (all p<0.05) andthe results of pairwise comparisons showed that in the third set of the leg press, the amount of muscle pain in the condition Dual-site stimulation of direct current and transcranial pulsed current was significantly lower than sham conditions (respectively: p=0.04; p=0.03). Also, the level of pleasure in all conditions decreased from the first set to the third set (all p < 0.05) and the results of pairwise comparisons showed that in the third set, the performance of the leg press movement felt pleasure in the conditions of Dual-site stimulation of direct current and transcranial pulsed current. It was significantly higher than the sham condition (respectively: p=0.01; p=0.03). In addition, the results showed that the choice   reaction time in the conditions of Dual-site transcranial direct current stimulation after the implementation of the training protocol was significantly lower than the conditions before the implementation of the training protocol (p<0.004), while in the conditions of Dual-site transcranial pulsed current stimulation and sham showed no significant difference in the choice reaction time variable from before to after the implementation of the training protocol (p>0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the variable of inhibitory control, Rating of Perceived Exertion, the level of felt arousal and muscle function (number of repetitions to exhaustion) between any of the stimulation conditions (p>0.05).Conclusion:

مقدمه و هدف: دانش‌آموزاني كه داراي فعاليت بدني روزانه و منظم هستند، اغلب داراي قوه همكاري، سازگاري، روحيه بالاتر، كنترل ميزان هيجانات و احساسات،   روحيه نوع دوستي و فروتني بيشتر و درضمن به لحاظ تحصيلي نيز عملكرد بهتري دارند. لذا هدف از تحقيق حاضر، رابطه تبحرحركتي و خودكارآمدي دانش آموزان فعال و غيرفعال شهرستان سرپل ذهاب بود. روش شناسي: جامعه آماري اين پژوهش نيز تمامي دانش آموزان پسر 10-6 ساله مدارس ابتدايي شهرستان سرپل ذهاب بودند. نمونه‌ها به صورت خوشه اي تصادفي ساده انتخاب و شامل دانش‌آموزان فعال(20نفر) و دانش آموزان غيرفعال(20نفر) شدند. در جلسه نخست، از آزمون مهارت حركتي(تبحرحركتي) برونينكز-اوزرتسكي[1] و پرسشنامه خودكارآمدي استفاده گرديد. همچنين جهت تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از آزمون آماري همبستگي پيرسون استفاده شد. يافته ها: نتايج نشان داد كه ميان تبحرحركتي و خودكارآمدي دانش آموزان فعال رابطه معناداري وجود دارد(p<0/05 ،   r=0/295 ) اما ميان تبحرحركتي و خودكارآمدي دانش آموزان عيرفعال رابطه معناداري وجود ندارد(p>0/05 ، همچنين ميان تبحرحركتي و خودكارآمدي دانش آموزان فعال و غيرفعال تفاوت معناداري وجود دارد. بحث و نتيجه گيري: با توجه به نتايج بدست آمده، به مربيان و معلمان توصيه مي شود كه در جهت ارتقاي فعاليت بدني و افزايش تبحرحكتي نوجوانان بپردازند كه سبب افزايش حس توامندي، خودباوري و خودكارآمدي نوجوان شود. [1]. Bruninks-Oseretsky   

Abstract Background: Most anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur in non-contact situations such as cutting and landing. Fatigue may alter the biomechanics of the lower limbs during these activities, leading to a higher likelihood of non-contact ACL injuries. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of trunk muscle and neuromuscular fatigue on lower limb function, lumbopelvic control, landing mechanics, feedforward electrical activity of the muscles acting on the knee at the moment of landing, plantar pressure distribution, balance, and reaction time in elite athletes. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 32 elite athletes who met our inclusion criteria. Demographic characteristics and baseline assessments were performed in the first session. During the second session, participants were assigned an accident scenario involving neuromuscular or trunk muscle fatigue, followed by the post-test conducted immediately after the onset of fatigue (reaching 80% vertical jump height). Subsequently, a 72-hour period of rest was allocated to alleviate the effects of fatigue. Following this, the subjects were subjected to cross-over fatigue, and the test was taken immediately afterward. Lower extremity function, lumbopelvic control, landing mechanics, feedforward electrical activity of the muscles acting on the knee at the moment of landing, plantar pressure distribution, balance, and reaction time were assessed before and immediately after fatigue protocols as study outcome measures. Lower limb performance with four tests of single hop for distance, triple hop for distance, timed hop test and 6-meter, and triple-crossover hop for distance, lumbopelvic control with lateral step down, landing mechanics by The Landing Error Scoring System-Real Time and video camera and analysis of landing video with Kinovea 0.9.5 and Digimizer software, to check knee control, electrical activity of the muscles acting on the knee at the moment of landing, by electromyography device, dynamic balance With the Y test, plantar pressure distribution with PT-scan device, reaction speed of subjects' reaction with multiple choice reaction timer device were evaluated as study outcomes. Results: The results of one way ANOVA test showed that after trunk muscle fatigue and neuromuscular fatigue There is a significant difference in Y balance test scores, lower limb function tests, feedforward electrical activity of muscles acting on the knee at the moment of landing, plantar pressure distribution, landing mechanics and lumbopelvic control (P<0.05). Next, the results of the one way ANOVA test showed that trunk muscle fatigue and neuromuscular fatigue did not have a significant effect on the reaction time of elite athletes (P<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of the present study revealed that trunk muscle fatigue and neuromuscular fatigue have an effect on the predictors of lower limb injury in elite athletes with repeated landings and can be a risk factor for the occurrence of lower limb injuries. However, they did not have a significant effect on the reaction time of the subjects. Key Words: Trunk muscle fatigue, neuromuscular fatigue, lumbopelvic control, landing mechanics, balance, knee joint control, injury, elite athletes      

Background: Improving sports performance and speeding up the recovery process following sports meetings or competitions is one of the main priorities of athletes and sports coaches. This has led to the use of new strategies and approaches. Transcranial direct current stimulation is one of the relatively new approaches in the field of sports science, and the results of various studies in the past two decades have shown the positive effects of this intervention on various aspects of sports performance. However, the use of this method has often been in a single session and just before performing a sports activity, which is not very practical in real conditions. Therefore, in the current study, taking into account the research gaps in this field and using recent findings regarding the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation, the effects of three consecutive sessions of Dual-site transcranial direct current stimulation on sports and cognitive performance, answer Psycho-physiological and recovery were investigated in endurance trained women. Methods: In terms of methodology, the present study was a semi-experimental study with an intergroup research design in a two-way blind and with the control of the placebo effect (sham). 26 endurance trained female subjects participated in this research. Each subject attended a total of 8 separate sessions in the laboratory. In the first session, anthropometric measurements and familiarization with the research implementation process were performed. In the second session, maximum power output (PPO) was measured using the Astrand test for women. The third session was considered to measure the basic values ??of choice reaction time (CRT), Stroop test (SCWT), explosive power (SJT) and 3 km time trail (3Km TT). After that, the subjects who were randomly divided into groups of Dual-site anodal stimulation (M1 and DLPFC areas) or sham stimulation received stimulation specific to their group in 3 consecutive sessions with an interval of 24 hours between each session. (fourth to sixth session). 24 hours after the last stimulation session, in the seventh session, each subject performed a residual endurance activity with an intensity equal to 75% PPO, and during the performance of the activity, the amplitude of the quadriceps muscles (EMG), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), pain sensation, pleasure sensation and level of arousal were evaluated and recorded; After reaching the exhaustion, the time to exhaustion was recorded and immediately SJT, 3Km TT, CRT and SCWT were measured again. Finally, 24 hours after the implementation of the residual endurance activity and in the last session, the mental indicators of recovery (WBQ and TQR questionnaires), CRT, SCWT, SJT and 3Km TT were measured and recorded. The average values ??of the research variables were used in the statistical analysis, and the parametric statistical methods of t-independent, mixed two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements and one-way ANOVA with repeated measurements and non-parametric statistical methods of Friedman and Man- Whitney was used for statistical analysis of data. Findings:

  Abstract Sports exercises have been proposed as a therapeutic method for empowering, treating and controlling high blood pressure, and as lifestyle modifications, it has been recommended for one of several cases. On the other hand, studies show that resistance exercises are very effective on muscle growth and strength. Along with sports activities, it has been shown that nutritional interventions also affect these factors. One of these can be the consumption of dark chocolate supplements containing polyphenols. Polyphenols present in dark chocolate, especially flavonols, cause dilation of blood vessels and decrease blood pressure by increasing the production of nitric acid from the endothelial tissue. On the other hand, catechins are molecules from the flavonoid family that are abundant in dark chocolate. These molecules have a positive effect on muscle growth factors. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the acute consumption of dark chocolate supplement on the index of pressure perception, blood pressure and post-exercise upper body resistance performance in resistance trained girls. This research will be a double-blind randomized design and the subjects will be placed in one of the designated positions randomly.12 active female students will voluntarily participate in this research. It should be noted that the participants are randomly assigned to the supplement or placebo group for two weeks, so that the supplement group is 500 mg of dark chocolate extract containing 125 mg of polyphenol and 25 mg of epicatechin and the group Placebo 500 mg placebo (starch) is taken daily in one capsule. During resistance activity, the index of pressure perception and resistance performance, then post-exercise blood pressure is measured. Before taking the supplement or placebo, the subjects are pre-tested, so that after the general and specialized warm-up, a resistance training protocol with barbell chest press including 5 sets until exhaustion with 75% maximum 1 maximum repetition by the company. It is done with 2-minute rest intervals.Participants are advised to perform as many repetitions as possible until reaching 15 repetitions or muscle failure. Then, after two weeks of taking the supplement and placebo, the pressure perception index, resistance performance during activity and blood pressure after exercise are evaluated again under the same conditions as last time.

The purpose of the current research was to develop an intelligence model in sports internet businesses. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of this research includes experts, experts, professors and sports business owners in the field of this research. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 17 people. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.87. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the development of an intelligent model in sports internet businesses includes: causal factors (innovation development, resource management and business development through the Internet); background factors (supportive-legal policies and cultural infrastructure); Intervening conditions (internal intervenors, external intervenors and weakness in managerial knowledge); strategies (strategy based on business communication, strategy based on customer and strategy based on supporting managers) and finally consequences (individual consequences, business development and socio-economic consequences). These categories themselves include 32 concepts and 148 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude by emphasizing the findings of the research and the concepts identified, macro-policies and effective measures should be taken to promote online sports businesses. In this way, short-term employments will also prosper.      

  Abstract:The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of plyometric, resistance, and Interval exercise methods on hemodynamic responses in male volleyball players. The statistical population of this study was male volleyball players aged 18 to 23 years in Kermanshah. The sample size was 15 male volleyball players from Kermanshah. In a within-group design, blood pressure and ankle-brachial index of subjects were measured on three different days with intervals of one week and each time before and after a bout of exercise. The exercise that subjects did on each of the visit days included resistance, plyometric or interval exercise. The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure after and before the exercise was considered as the post-exercise hypotension and the difference in the ankle-brachial index before and after the activity was considered as the change in the ankle-brachial index. The results showed that systolic and diastolic blood pressure had a significant decrease in all three conditions of interval, resistance, and plyometric exercise compared to the resting level. However, post exercise systolichypotension after interval training was significantly more than resistance exercise (p=.012) as well as plyometric exercise (p<.001); and after resistance exercise was more than plyometric exercise (p<.001). Post exercise diastolichypotension after intermittent exercise was significantly more than plyometric exercise (p=.007); and after resistance exercise was more than plyometric exercise (p=.023), but there was no significant difference between the two types of interval and resistance exercise (p=.199). Ankle brachial index did not find any significant difference after any type of exercise. In addition, there was no significant difference between the changes of this index from rest to post-exercise between the three conditions. In the general conclusion, it can be stated that a bout of intermittent, resistance, or plyometric exercise can be associated with post-exercise hypotension in male volleyball players and the greatest drop ocuures after the intermittent, resistance, and plyometric exercise, respectively.Keywords:Post exercise hypotension, Blood pressure, Ankle Brachial Index, Interval exercise, Resistance exercise, Plyometric exercise, Volleyball

   Abstract The importance of physical activity and its relationship with the reduction of cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension, cannot be ignored, and exercise is one of the non-drug methods for treating hypertension. Citrulline malate is considered as a sports supplement that improves resistance performance and lowers blood pressure. The purpose of the present study is the acute effect of oral citrulline malate supplementation on upper body resistance performance, blood pressure and post-exercise hypotension in recreationally trained resistance men. The present research was double-blind and the subjects were placed in three randomly determined positions. 12 volunteer male bodybuilders have participated in this research. 60 minutes before the start of resistance training protocol with barbell chest press including 5 sets of 15 repetitions with 75% of a maximum repetition, subjects were given 8 grams of citrulline malate, 12 grams of citrulline malate and placebo in three different positions. Subjects complete as many repetitions as possible until reaching 15 repetitions or muscle failure. The order of placement in three positions was random and the interval between the positions was one week. Objective: To compare the acute effects of taking two doses (8 and 12 grams) of citrulline malate oral supplement on upper body resistance performance, blood pressure and post-exercise hypotension in resistance trained men. Cases and methods: The present research is in the form of semi-experimental and double-blind designs, and the subjects will be placed in three designated positions in a random and crossover manner. Findings: Short-term use of citrulline malate supplement caused a significant increase in resistance performance, a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure, a significant decrease in post-exercise blood pressure, and a significant decrease in heart rate. Conclusion: The results obtained from the research show that after consuming 8 grams and 12 grams of citrulline malate, there was a significant increase in resistance performance, a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure, a significant decrease in post-exercise blood pressure, and a significant decrease in heart rate. . As a result, according to the present research, male athletes are recommended to include the use of citrulline malate supplement in their program in order to improve performance in training from the perspective of resistance performance. Keywords: post-exercise blood pressure drop, resistance training, citrulline malate supplement, upper body resistance performance

   چكيده پيش زميـنه و اهداف: اعتياد به موادمخدر به عنوان يك بيماري مزمن و عودكننده كه از اثرات طولاني‌مدت داروها برمغز ناشي مي‌شود، تعريف مي‌شود. اعتياد به موادمخدر به طور غيرمستقيم و مستقيم عامل8/11 ميليون مرگ در سال درجهان است. براساس مطالعه بار‌جهاني بيماري، اين تعداد بيشتراز مرگ‌و‌مير ناشي از سرطان است و يك پنجم كل مرگ‌و‌ميرها در سراسر جهان را تشكيل مي‌دهد. از اين رو، علاوه بر روش­هاي درمان دارويي، توجه به انواع استراتژي­هاي غير دارويي در اين زمينه همواره مورد توجه بوده است. فعاليت بدني و تحريك غير تهاجمي مغز هريك به­نوعي آثار مثبتي را بر روند درماني اعتياد و عدم تمايل به مصرف مجدد داشته­اند اما تا كنون مطالعه­اي كه به بررسي آثار همزمان اين دو استراتژي بر متغيرهاي مهم در بيماري اعتياد پرداخته باشد؛ انجام نشده است. از اين رو، هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسي اثر تحريك جريان مستقيم فراجمجمه­اي و تمرين دايره­اي بر ولع مصرف مواد مخدر، تكانشگري و تصميم­گيري ريسك­پذير در زنان وابسته به مواد مخدر در دوره بازتواني بود. روش­ تحقيـق: پژوهش حاضر داراي طرح تحقيق درون گروهي، موازن? متقابل، به­صورت دوسويه­كور و كنترل اثر دارونما (شَم) بود. تعداد 11 زن داراي سابقه اعتياد كه پس از مرحله پاك­سازي در حال سپري نمودن دوره بازتواني در كمپ ترك اعتياد بودند در اين پژوهش شركت نمودند. هر آزمودني در فاز اجرايي پژوهش با ترتيب تصادفي و با فاصله زماني يك هفته بين هر جلسه در معرض چهار شرايط مداخله­اي شامل 1) تحريك آنودال + تمرين؛ 2) تحريك شم + تمرين؛ 3) تحريك آنودال؛ 4) تحريك شم قرار گرفت. در شرايط 1 ابتدا 20 دقيقه تحريك آنودال مغزي به شدت 2 ميلي­آمپر بر روي ناحيه DLPFC راست اعمال و سپس آزمودني­ها برنامه تمرين دايره­اي را انجام دادند. در حالت 2، ابتدا آزمودني­ها 20 تحريك شَم را دريافت كرده و سپس برنامه تمرين دايره­اي را انجام دادند. در حالت 3، آزمودني­ها 20 دقيقه تحريك آنودال را مشابه شرايط 1 دريافت كرده و سپس در مدت زمان برابر با تمرين ورزشي يك ويديو آموزشي را مشاهده نمودند. در حالت 4 نيز شرايط مشابه با حالت 3 بود با اين تفاوت كه آزمودني­ها ابتدا 20 دقيقه تحريك شم دريافت كردند. متغيرهاي ولع مصرف موارد، حس لذت و انگيختگي در زمان­هاي قبل از اعمال مداخله و 1، 2، 4، 24 و 48 ساعت بعد از اعمال مداخله اندازه­گيري شدند. متغيرهاي تكانشگري و تصميم­گيري ريسك­پذير قبل و بعد از اعمال مداخلات اندازه­گيري شدند.   يافتـه­ها: نتايج پژوهش در ارتباط با ولع مصرف مواد نشان داد كه در مقاطع زماني 1، 2 و 4 ساعت پس از اعمال مداخلات ميزان ولع مصرف در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين و تحريك شم+تمرين به شكل معني­داري كمتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. در مقطع زماني 4 و 24 ساعت پس از تمرين ميزان ولع مصرف در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري كمتر از هر سه شرايط ديگر بود. نتايج پژوهش در خصوص تكانشگري نشان داد كه پس از اعمال مداخلات ميزان تكانشگري در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري كمتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. همچنين، پس از اعمال مداخلات، امتياز تصميم­گيري ريسك­پذير در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني داري بيشتر از شرايط تحريك شم بود. مقادير حس لذت در حين تمرين در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين؛ تحريك شم+تمرين و تحريك آنودال به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. بلافاصله بعد از اعمال مداخله، حس لذت در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك آنودال و تحريك شم بود. در مقاطع زماني 1 و 4 ساعت پس از اعمال مداخلات نيز حس لذت در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. نهايتاً، ميزان انگيختگي در حين و بلافاصله پس از اعمال مداخلات در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين و تحريك شم+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. 1 ساعت پس از اعمال مداخلات، ميزان انگيختگي در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. در مقاطع زماني 2 و 4 ساعت پس از اعمال مداخلات نيز ميزان انگيختگي در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشاز از حالت تحريك شم و تحريك آنودال بود. نتيـجه­گيـري:

  AbstractIntroduction: In recent years, the consumption of carbohydrates and caffeine, the use of various mouthwashes have been seriously considered, so the purpose of the present research is the combined carbohydrate-caffeine mouthwash on exercise, cognitive and perceptual performance during and after endurance activity under The condition was mental fatigue.Research method: The current research has a within-group research design, randomly in four groups of mental voice induction + combined carbohydrate-caffeine mouthwash during the implementation of two residual effects; 2) mental induction + placebo during the implementation of two stimulants 3 (combined carbohydrate-caffeine mouthwash during the implementation of two stimulants (without mental stimulation); 4) placebo during two stimulants (without mental induction) has been investigated .Findings: The results of the present study showed that the time to adherence was higher than the Placebo and MF+Placebo conditions. Also, no significant difference in EMG was observed between the four different conditions. RPE in the CCMR condition was significantly lower than in the MF+PLA condition. On the other hand, the Stroop test in the CMR condition was significantly lower than the Placebo condition and the MF+Placebo condition as well as the MF+CCMR condition, but the reaction time Choice in CCMR conditions was significantly lower than MF+Placebo, as well as MF+CCMR and Placebo. Finally, the best sense of pleasure and the amount of pleasure in CCMR conditions was significantly higher than the other four conditions.Conclusion: According to the available results, it seems that carbohydrate-caffeine mouthwash can have an ergogenic effect on submaximal endurance activity in mental work conditions by affecting the central and peripheral mechanisms.

in the present study, the effects of multi-session transcranial direct current stimulation and regular physical activity on food cravings, impulsivity, risk-taking decision-making, depression, self-concept and cognitive flexibility were investigated. Methods: For this purpose, 36 overweight and obese women who also had food cravings voluntarily participated as subjects in this research. Subjects were randomly assigned to three intervention groups including 1) anodal stimulation + exercise; 2) sham stimulation + training; and 3) control were divided. Anodal stimulation+exercise group and sham stimulation+exercise group were exposed to anodal stimulation of the target area (right DLPFC) in the brain and sham stimulation for 5 consecutive days and every day for 20 minutes. After the end of 5 days, both intervention groups performed 3 sessions of aerobic exercise per week for 4 weeks within the guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). The control group had a normal routine of life all this time and did not receive any type of intervention. The variables of food craving, impulsivity, risk-taking decision making, depression, self-concept and cognitive flexibility were measured before and after the interventions in similar conditions. Results: The results of the research showed that after the interventions, the amount of food cravings in the anodal stimulation+exercise and sham stimulation+exercise groups was significantly lower than the control group. Also, the amount of food craving in the anodal stimulation+exercise group was significantly lower than the sham stimulation+exercise group. The results of the research showed that after the interventions, the impulsivity level in the anodal stimulation+exercise and sham stimulation+exercise groups was significantly lower than the control group. Also, the level of impulsivity in the anodal stimulation+exercise group was significantly lower than the sham stimulation+exercise group. The results of the research also showed that after the interventions, the risk-taking decision score in the anodal stimulation+exercise group was significantly higher than the control group. After the interventions, the level of depression in the anodal stimulation+exercise and sham stimulation+exercise groups were significantly reduced compared to the control group. Also, after the interventions, self-concept increased significantly in the anodal stimulation+exercise and sham stimulation+exercise groups compared to the control group. Finally, after the interventions, the amount of cognitive flexibility in the anodal stimulation+exercise and sham stimulation+exercise groups were significantly higher than the control group. Also, the amount of cognitive flexibility in the anodal stimulation+exercise group was significantly higher than the sham stimulation+exercise group. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the use of consecutive sessions of non-invasive brain anodal stimulation in the right DLPFC region and endurance training for four weeks have synergistic effects in reducing food cravings and Adjustment of psychological variables is related to it and therefore can be used as an efficient strategy in the target society.   

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of an 8-week course of Heidelberg ball games on the functional and psychological factors of 6-13-year-old boys with autism. The dependent variables in this research included static balance, dynamic balance, body measurement indices, social skills, anxiety and sleep habits. For this purpose, 24 boys aged 6-13 with autism (level one) of Rozeneh Hamadan center under the supervision of welfare organization, all of whom had medical records, participated. After examining the conditions of the candidates based on the entry and exclusion criteria for the research, the subjects and their parents were familiarized with the process of doing the work and written consents were obtained from them. Then, the subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 12 people, test and control. The subjects of the experimental group were familiarized with the training protocol in a briefing and training session before the start of the training period, and then participated in an 8-week period (two sessions per week) of Heidelberg volleyball games. The control group did not participate in any special exercise program after completing the questionnaires, body measurements, and measuring static and dynamic balance. After 8 weeks, both test and control groups were re-evaluated. Pairwise comparisons show improvement in dynamic balance and static (p<0.001), significant weight loss (p<0.083), improvement in body mass index (p<0.096), decrease in body fat percentage (p<0.001), decrease in anxiety level (p<0.001), increase in social skills (p <0.001), and improved sleep (p<0.001) in the experimental group.   

   Background: Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is one of the innovative methods that has been used in sports in recent years. NIBS, also known as neural doping, involves modulating the activity of neuronal circuits in different brain regions to induce optimal effects on sports performance. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is the most commonly used non-invasive brain stimulation technique, and various research studies have demonstrated its effectiveness on different aspects of sports performance. However, limited studies have been conducted regarding the efficacy of this method on endurance, cognitive function, and perceptual performance under mental fatigue conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on endurance and cognitive performance of trained men, both with and without mental fatigue. Method: The present study was conducted using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. A total of 15 trained male participants were enrolled in this research. Each participant attended five separate sessions in the laboratory. The first session served as an introduction to the research process and included anthropometric measurements and the measurement of maximum aerobic speed (MAS) using an incremental treadmill running test. In the second to fifth sessions, participants were randomly exposed to four different conditions: 1) induction of mental fatigue + tDCS stimulation + endurance running, 2) induction of mental fatigue + sham stimulation + endurance running, 3) tDCS stimulation + endurance running, and 4) sham stimulation + endurance running. In each session, participants first performed the Stroop test and the choice reaction time test. Then they were exposed to one of the four aforementioned conditions and received 20 minutes of brain stimulation. After the stimulation, participants performed a submaximal endurance activity at 70% MAS until exhaustion on the treadmill. During the endurance activity, the amplitude of the VL, VM, and RF muscles, Rated Perceived Exertion, pleasure Sensation, pain, and arousal were measured every 5 minutes. After reaching exhaustion, the time to exhaustion was recorded, followed by a repeated measurement of the Stroop test and reaction time. The mean values of the research variables were used for analysis. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures was employed for statistical analysis of the data. Findings: The results of the present study showed that the time to exhaustion in the tDCS condition was significantly higher than the MENTAL FATIGUE+sham condition (p=0.004). Additionally, the mean amplitude of EMG activity in the VM muscle in the tDCS condition was significantly higher than the MENTAL FATIGUE+tDCS condition (p=0.004). Moreover, the mean electrical activity of the VM muscle in the tDCS condition was significantly higher than the MENTAL FATIGUE+sham condition (p =0.040). The mean Rated Perceived Exertion in the tDCS condition was significantly lower than the MENTAL FATIGUE+tDCS condition (p = 0.013), and the mean Rated Perceived Exertion in the tDCS condition was significantly lower than the MENTAL FATIGUE+sham condition (p = 0.042). The mean pleasure sensation in the tDCS condition was significantly higher than the MENTAL FATIGUE+Sham condition (p = 0.032). The mean choice reaction time in the MENTAL FATIGUE+tDCS condition was significantly lower than the MENTAL FATIGUE+Sham condition (p = 0.030). Additionally, the mean choice reaction time in the tDCS condition was significantly lower than the MENTAL FATIGUE+sham condition (p = 0.019). Conclusion

هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسي آثار دو هفته مصرف جنسينگ بر عملكرد ورزشي و شناختي بانوان دانشجوي تربيت­بدني در شرايط هايپوكسي پس از مصرف استازولاميد بود. در شرايط هايپوكسي احتمال بروز مشكلاتي از جمله تضعيف عملكرد ورزشي و شناختي وجود دارد. از سوي ديگر ابتلا به كوه­گرفتگي حاد در ارتفاع بالاتر از 2500 متر محتمل است كه در حال حاضر داروي تأييد شده براي پيش­گيري از آن استازولاميد مي­باشد. اما، بسياري از پژوهش­ها بيانگر اثر منفي استازولاميد بر عملكرد ورزشي و شناختي هستند. يكي از مكمل­هايي كه براي مقابله با خستگي بدني و به منظور بهبود عملكرد شناختي مصرف مي­شود جنسينگ است. هدف پژوهش حاضر تعيين اثر همزمان استازولاميد و جنسينگ بر عملكرد ورزشي و شناختي در شرايط هايپوكسي بود. پژوهش حاضر با يك طرح متقاطع درون‌گروهي با موازنه متقابل و به صورت دوسويه كور اجرا شد. تعداد 10 بانوي دانشجوي رشته علوم ورزشي به صورت داوطلبانه در پژوهش شركت كردند. جداي از جلسات آشنايي و اندازه­گيري­هاي اوليه، هر آزمودني دوبار در آزمايشگاه حضور داشت و آزمون‌ زمان عكس العمل را در شرايط نورموكسي و هيپوكسي و تست هوازي وامانده‌ساز را در شرايط هايپوكسي انجام داد. در ابتدا، آزمودني‌ها به صورت تصادفي در دو دسته پنج نفري آ و ب جاي گرفتند.دسته آ به مدت چهارده روز جنسينگ و در آخرين روز (روز قبل از آزمون) استازولاميد و در روز آزمون آخرين دوز جنسينگ و استازولاميد را مصرف كرد. شرايط در دسته ب نيز به همان صورت است با   اين تفاوت كه به جاي جنسينگ دارونما مصرف شد. فاصله بين دو شرايط براي هر آزمودني دست­كم يك هفته بود. نتايج پژوهش حاكي از آن بود كه پس از دو هفته مصرف مكمل جنسينگ، افزايش معناداري در زمان رسيدن به واماندگي (018/0=p) و كاهش معناداري در ميزان درك فشار (003/0=p) حين فعاليت استقامتي در شرايط هايپوكسي وجود دارد. همچنين نشان داده شد كه دو هفته مصرف جنسينگ بر تعداد ضربان قلب، اشباع اكسيژن سرخرگي و عملكرد شناختي در هيچ مقطع زماني بين دو گروه (جنسينگ و دارونما) اثر معناداري ندارد (05/0<p).

   چكيده سابقه و هدف: با توجه به اينكه در هر دو زمينه اثر ارتفاع و اثر مصرف استازولاميد در ارتفاع بر عملكرد شناختي داده هاي ضد و نقيضي وجود دارد، هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسي اثر مصرف استازولاميد و هيپوكسي بر عملكرد شناختي است. در تحقيق حاضر فرض بر اين است كه ACZ با دوز پايين عملكرد شناختي را در صورت قرار گرفتن حاد در ارتفاع بالا شبيه‌سازي شده مختل نمي‌كند. بنابراين، هدف از اين مطالعه بررسي تعامل بين دوز كم ACZ و عملكرد شناختي در شرايط هيپوكسي نرموباريك بود. مواد و روش­ها: 14 دانشجوي مرد دانشگاه رازي كه همگي با روش نمونه­گيري هدفمند و در دسترس با توجه به اهداف تحقيق به­صورت داوطلبانه به عنوان آزمودني در اين مطالعه شركت نمودند. در اولين مراجعه به آزمايشگاه آزمون هاي زمان عكس العمل به منظور آشنايي با تست انجام شد و پس از گذشت 5 دقيقه آزمون ها براي ارزيابي سطوح پايه عملكرد شناختي اجرا شد. پس از 48 ساعت (روز سوم) مصرف استازولاميد يا دارونما آغاز شد (2 دوز 125 ميلي گرمي در روز سوم، و 1 دوز ديگر در صبح روز بعد). در روز 4 و به فاصله دست كم 90 دقيقه از صرف صبحانه، تست هاي زمان عكس العمل اجرا شد و بلافاصه پس از آن ماسك ويژه دستگاه هايپوكسي روي بيني و دهان فرد فيكس شده و هايپوكسي (اكسيژن تنفسي 10 درصد) اعمال شد. نيم ساعت پس از اعمال هايپوكسي، در حالي كه هنوز ماسك روي صورت فرد است و اعمال هايپوكسي ادامه دارد، انجام تست هاي زمان عكس العمل   تكرار شد. پس از روز 4، يك هفته دوره زدايش در نظر گرفته شده است. پس از اين دوره يك هفته اي يعني روز 12، آنهايي كه در روزهاي 3 و 4 استازولاميد مصرف كرده بودند، به همان ترتيب دارونما مصرف مي كنند و بالعكس. روند كار در روزهاي 12 و 13 بجز مصرف استازولاميد يا دارونما عيناً همانند روزهاي 3 و 4 بود. در كليه زمان هاي اندازه گيري، اشباع اكسيژن خون سرخرگي و ضربان قلب نيز با استفاده از دستگاه پالس اكسيمتر اندازه گيري و ثبت شد. از آزمون تي همبسته و ضريب همبستگي پيرسون براي آناليز داده ها استفاده شد. سطح معناداري 05/0 P< در نظر گرفته شد. نتايج: نتايج مقايسه مصرف استازولاميد و دارونما در شرايط هايپوكسي و نورموكسي نشان داد كه داده هاي SRT، VRT به ترتيب در هر دو شرايط كاهش معناداري نشان دادند (P<0/05) و تنها در شرايط نورموكسي داده هاي VRT تغيير معناداري نشان نداد (P=0/100). همچنين داده هاي VRT (P<0/001) و SRT (P=0/013) در مقايسه شرايط هايپوكسي و نورموكسي با مصرف استازولاميد هر دو داده در شرايط هايپوكسي افزايش معناداري در مقايسه با شرايط نورموكسي نشان داد. در رابطه با داده هاي VRT (P<0/001) و SRT (P<0/001) در مقايسه شرايط هايپوكسي و نورموكسي با مصرف دارونما هر دو داده در شرايط هايپوكسي افزايش معناداري در مقايسه با شرايط نورموكسي نشان داد. نتيجه­گيري: نتايج نشان داد كه اگرچه استازولاميد مي‌تواند به طور موثري عملكرد شناختي را پس از قرار گرفتن در معرض ارتفاع بالا شبيه سازي شده بهبود بخشد، اما احتمالا داراي عوارض جانبي عصبي روان‌شناختي قابل‌توجهي است. بنابراين، بايد با احتياط و در موارد ضروري بايد تجويز شود. واژه­هاي كليدي: ارتفاع بالا،، شرايط هايپوكسي، كوه گرفتگي حاد، عملكرد شناختي

Dyspraxia

   Abstract Purpose: Corona virus is a disease that affects various organs of the body, including the respiratory system. Breathing exercises and consumption of omega-3 can also help due to their physiological role. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of respiratory muscle training with omega-3 consumption on lung capacity and quality of life of people who have recovered from the corona virus in Kermanshah. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 48 patients recovered from corona virus with an average weight of 0.75±15.1 and an average body mass index of 87.4±3.3 were randomly divided into four groups (n=12) 1-omega-3+exercise, 2-omega-3 They were divided into 3-control, 4-exercise. The breathing training program for the training group included three days a week and 60 minutes of breathing training daily, and the supplementation program included the daily consumption of one 1000 mg omega-3 tablet, which was taken daily and at the time of starting the exercises, and the control group did not have any intervention. 48 The desired variables were measured one hour before and after the research, and the Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normality of the data. To analyze the data, the analysis of variance with the between-group factor was used, and the level of significance was equal to (P<0.05). Results: The results of the research showed that FVC caused significant changes in the exercise group with control and the control group with exercise+ supplements compared to other groups, and also TV caused significant changes among the control group with supplements, but the other groups did not show any difference, and there were significant changes in the MVV index among the control group. with the supplement+ exercise group, but it did not show any difference in the other groups, and there was a significant change in the quality of life index among the three main groups compared to the control, but the other groups did not show any difference, and the sleep quality index showed significant changes in the control group with the supplement+ exercise group, the control group with Exercise was created, but it was not observed in the other groups, and significant changes in the depression index were found between the control group and the supplement+ exercise control group with exercise, but there was no difference in the other groups. Conclusion: The general results of the research showed that 8 weeks of breathing exercises along with omega-3 consumption have a significant effect on respiratory indicators, quality of life, sleep, and depression.

   چكيده هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسي اثر يك­ دوره تمرين ميني­ترامپولين بر نيمرخ چربي و شاخص­هاي پيكرسنجي در دختران داراي اضافه­وزن 12 تا 15 ساله بود. آزمودني­هاي اين پژوهش 24 نفر از دختران داراي اضافه وزن شهرستان كرمانشاه (ميانگين وزني 9/3±4/64كيلوگرم با نمايه توده بدني   5/1±5/ 24كيلوگرم بر مترمربع) بودند كه به طور داوطلبانه در اين پژوهش شركت كردند. آزمودني­ها به طور تصادفي در دوگروه شامل گروه تمريني ميني­ترامپولين و گروه كنترل   قرار گرفتند. آزمودني­هاي گروه تمريني، پروتكل­هاي تمريني را 8 هفته، هر هفته سه بار اجرا كردند. يك روز قبل و دو روز بعد از دوره تمرين نيمرخ چربي (HDL,LDL,TG,TC) و دو روز پيش و يك روز پس آخرين جلسه از دوره تمريني، شاخص­هاي پيكرسنجي شامل وزن بدن، نمايه توده بدني، درصد چربي و توده چربي بدن اندازه­گيري شدند. كاهش معناداري را در سطوح LDL، TG، TC، BMI، وزن، درصد چربي، توده چربي بدن و افزايش معني­داري را در HDL نشان دادند. نتايج اين مطالعه نشان مي­دهد كه تمرين ميني­ترامپولين در كاهش وزن، نيمرخ چربي و تركيب بدني دختران نوجوان اثر مثبت دارد. كليدواژه: ترامپولين، شاخص توده بدني، چربي بدن، HDL، LDL

   چكيده پيش زميـنه:   با توجه به پيشرفت و توسعه ورزش حرفه‌اي در سال‌هاي اخير، ورزشكاران براي بهبود و حفظ آمادگي خود در بازه‌هاي زماني طولاني‌مدت به استفاده از روش‌هاي جديد و مؤثر از جمله دوپينگ عصبي روي ‌آوردند. (tDCS) كه يكي از رايج­ترين تكنيك‌هاي تحريك غير تهاجمي مغز است اخيراً در حوز? علوم ورزشي مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. با اين وجود   مطالعات اندكي در زمينه تأثير تحريك tDCS بر بهبود عملكرد ورزشي، شناختي و ادراكي در فعاليت‌هاي بي‌هوازي صورت گرفتهاست.   بنابراين، هدف از اين پژوهش بررسي آثار tDCS بر عملكرد ورزشي، شناختي و پاسخ­هاي ادراكي در حين و پس از فعاليت بيشينه بي‌هوازي بود. روش تحقيـق:   پژوهش حاضر داراي طرح تحقيق درون گروهي، با موازن? متقابل، به­صورت دوسويه­كور و كنترل اثر دارونما (شَم) بود. تعداد 15 آزمودني مرد تمرين كرد? به­عنوان آزمودني در اين تحقيق شركت نمودند. هر آزمودني در 4 جلس? مجزا در آزمايشگاه حضور پيدا كرد. جلسه اول براي آشناسازي با فرآيند تحقيق و اندازه­گيري­هاي پيكرسنجي و در جلسات دوم تا چهارم آزمودني­ها به صورت تصادفي در معرض سه شرايط مختلف شامل 1) تحريك آنودال ناحيه M1؛ 2) تحريك آنودال ناحي? DLPFC چپ؛ و 3) تحريك شَم قرار گرفتند. در هرجلسه، ابتدا تست استروپ و زمان عكس العمل انتخابي اجرا شد. سپس آزمودني‌ها به مدت 20 دقيقه تحريك مغري را دريافت نمودند. پس از اتمام تحريك، آزمودني‌ها تست وينگيت 30 ثانيه‌اي پايين تنه را انجام دادند. در حين اجراي تست وينگيت در هر وهله آمپلي­تود عضلات VL، VM و RF، ميزان درك فشار، حس لذت و ميزان انگيختگي اندازه­گيري شد. پس از اتمام پروتكل تست وينگيت، تست استروپ و زمان عكس­العمل مجددا اندازه­گيري شد.   ميانگين مقادير متغيرهاي تحقيق جهت تجزيه و تحليل مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. از روش آنواي يك راهه با اندازه­گيري­هاي تكراري براي تحليل آماري داده­ها استفاده شد. يافتـه­ها: نتايج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد كه مقادير اوج توان در شرايط تحريك آنودال ناحيه DLPFC   به شكل معني داري بيشتر از شرايط تحريك شم بود (01/0 =p). همچنين نتايج تحقيق نشان داد كه آمپلي­تود EMG عضله VM در شرايط تحريك M1 و DLFPC به شكل معني داري بيشتر از شراط تحريك شم بود (به ترتيب؛ 02/0 =p؛ 036/0 =p). مقادير شاخص خستگي   نيز در شرايط تحريك آنودال DLFPC به شكل معني داري بيشتر از شرايط تحريك ناحيه M1   و شم بود (026/0 =p). ميانگين مقادير RPE نيز در شرايط تحريك M1   به شكل معني داري بيشتر از شرايط تحريك DLPFC   و شم بود (0001/0 =p). از سوي ديگر، تفاوت معني­داري در نتايج تست شناختي استروپ بين شرايط پيش آزمون و پس آزمون در گروه تحريك dlpfc مشاهده شد (046/0 =p)، اما زمان عكس العمل انتخابي در شرايط تحريك M1 و تحريك آنودال ناحي? DLPFC به شكل معني­داري پايين­تر از حالت شم بود(به ترتيب؛ 017/0 =p؛ 043/0 =p).در نهايت، ميانگين مقادير حس لذت در شرايط تحريك M1 و تحريك آنودال ناحي? DLPFC به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت شم بود (به ترتيب؛ 03/0 =p؛ 043/0 =p)   و ميزان انگيختگي در شرايط تحريك آنودال ناحي? DLPFC و شم   به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت M1 بود (به ترتيب؛ 0001/0 =p؛ 0001/0 =p). نتيـجه­گيـري:

Type 2 diabetes with a high prevalence rate is one of the disorders that imposes adverse physical and mental effects on the patient and ultimately causes a significant reduction in the quality of life, premature death and imposes various costs on the patient and his family, as well as It becomes society. Therefore, it is very important to conduct studies that examine the various aspects of this disorder. Therefore, according to the goals Also, with the spread of the corona virus, which practically changed the lifestyle in many societies and imposed restrictions, including restrictions on attendance and activity in sports complexes, the need to pay attention to efficient training programs without the need for special sports equipment in patients People with type 2 diabetes appear more and more. Therefore, the results of the present research can be used in this field as well. On the other hand, recently a special species of camelina plant has been cultivated in Razi University and despite the favorable nutritional value of its oil, there have not been many studies on the effectiveness of this oil, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the results of the present research are also important in this field and can be used practically.considered for this research, its results can be used practically.  

single dose of 1 gram of this supplement does not have this benefit.  

زير بيشين? وامانده­ساز بود.   

مقدمـه: كشتي پهلواني يكي از رشته­هاي ورزشي كهن در ايران است كه از ديرباز مورد توجه طيف گسترده­اي از ورزشكاران در بسياري از شهرهاي اين ديار بوده است. عليرغم اين علاقه، در سال­هاي گذشته يك نگاه حرفه­اي، چه در سطح مديريت و چه در سطح برنامه­هاي تمريني و پايش­هاي مستمر، در اين رشته ورزشي حالم نبوده­است. اخيراً، با بازنگري در قوانين، تغيير در سبك برگزاري و به­روز شدن بسياري از ابعاد اين رشته ورزشي، رويكرد جديدي در اين رشته ورزشي اتخاذ گرديده است كه لازمه آن انجام مطالعات گوناگون در خصوص ابعاد مختلف اين رشته ورزشي است. يكي از زمينه­هاي تحقيقاتي در اين رشته، بررسي وضعيت ورزشكاران اين رشته ورزشي از نظر ويژگي­هاي تركيب بدني، روانشناختي و تغذيه­اي است. لذا، در اين پژوهش كه با هماهنگي با فدراسيون ورزش­هاي زورخانه­اي و كشتي پهلواني ايران انجام پذيرفت، وضعيت نيم­رخ تركيب بدني و ليپيدي، كيفيت زندگي، خودپنداره و دانش تغذيه­اي كشتي­گيران پهلواني شهر كرمانشاه، به­عنوان يكي از ثطب­هاي فعال در اين رشته، مورد بررسي قرار گرفت.     

   Tumor markers are substances found in body fluids such as blood, urine, serum and body tissues and are increased in people with cancer in various tissues. Most tumor markers are proteins that either increase in response to changes in the cancerous condition or are made by the cancer cells themselves. Carcinoembryonic antigen is one of the tumor markers predicting recurrence of colorectal cancer The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), quality of life and sleep quality in female colorectal cancer survivors. 12 female colorectal cancer survivors who had performed surgical resection with mean age (55.66±4.99 years), weight (75.16±12.48 ­­kg) and height (164.5±4.90 cm) were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects in the experimental group completed a total of eight weeks of HIIT (3 session per week, separated at by least 24 h). each performed eight 1-min session at 95% HRmax of intense walking interspersed by 2-min interval of slow walking as recovery. Blood samples were taken from participants before and after the intervention to evaluate the effect of HIIT on CEA, in order to evaluate the effect of HIIT on quality of life and sleep quality the WHOQOL-BREF and Pittsburgh questionnaires were completed by the participants. The result showed that the 8 weeks of HIIT had no significant effect on CEA (p=0.456), but 8 weeks of HIIT had significant effect on quality of life (p=0.028) and sleep quality (p=0.027). Keywords: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), high intensity interval training (HIIT), colorectal cancer     

Consuming a high-fat meal may lead to postprandial lipemia (PPL) and inflammation. Repeated episodes of exaggerated postprandial lipemia may hasten the progression of atherosclerosis. The purposeof this study was to Comparison the acute effects of high-intensity interval and concurrent training on postprandial lipemia in inactive healthy young men.Research Methodology: In line with the objectives of the study, 12 inactive healthy young men (age: 20.34±1.71 years, BMI: 24.05±2.55 kg/m2,weight 75.36±3.57 kg,   height 177.32±3.76 cm) of Kermanshah participated in the present study as a sample available and voluntarily that randomly divided by tow groups A and B. At first group A done high intensity interval training and after one week do the concurrent training and group B first done concurrent training and after one week do the high intensity interval training. Before 48 hours performing protocol, subjects recorded all nutritions, bevereages and weight ownself. Than this diet for the same time replication for second time. After each exresice trills tomorro blood samples in overnight fast was gathered at 8 AM. To determine the normal distribution of data use of Shapiro-Wilk test, then idependent t-test was used for hypothesis of this study.  Results: The results showed that subjects have a differences significant in LDL chelestrol level (6/77% increase) after high-intensity interval training then time aftrer concurrent training. But this level in HDL chelestrol (5/81% increase) and vLDL chelestrol (4/73% increase) was not significant. Results also showed that subjects have a differences significant in triglycride (TG) (10/10% increase), total chelestrol (TC) (7/00% increase), free fatty acids (FFA) (10/98% increase) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) levels (7/36% increase) after high-intensity interval training then time aftrer concurrent training.  Conclusion: According to the results, it seems postprandial lipemia decrease in inactive healthy young men after high-intensity interval training then time aftrer concurrent training.

Introduction: One of the most important aspects of learning transfer is Bilateral transfer. Bilateral transfer is the process of transferring information obtained by environmental stimuli from one hemisphere of the brain to another hemisphere and acquiring the ability to perform motor skills with symmetrical organs of the body. The results of some studies indicate the effectiveness of exercises in the mirror on learning and transfer of motor tasks. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Basketball Dribbling Practice in Mirror on Bilateral Transfer in Novice Players. Methods: In this study, 30 novice right-handed basketball players with an age range of 18-24 years were randomly selected from the participants in Qorveh basketball training dir="LTR" >Results: The results showed that the dribbling   performance, dribbling error and slalom performance improved significantly from pre-test to post-test in all groups (p<0.05). But the results of comparison between groups showed that the transfer in two groups of transfer from superior to superior and transfer from non-superior to non-superior   in all three variables of dribbling performance, dribbling error and slalom performance is better than There are two groups of transfer from non-superior to superior and transfer from superior to non-superior (p<0.05). Discussion: This pattern of finding suggests that exercises due to mirror visual feedback were useful for increasing skills in all groups. So coaches can use the mirror practice method to keep the injured limb ready and transfer skills from the trained limb to the untrained limb. Keywords: Motor learning, Bilateral Transfer, Mirror exercises (Mirror Visual feedback).      

Abstract this study aimed to compare the motor Proficiency of obese boys and girls aged 11-9 in Sanandaj. The method of the present study was descriptive causal-comparative. Among obese primary school students in the second year of Sanandaj city. 40 people (20 girls and 20 boys) were selected as overweight. The Bruininks-oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency was used to measure motor proficiency. After confirming the normal distribution of data using Shapiro-wilk test, independent t-test was used. The results showed that among the factors of running speed and agility, balance, strength, upper limb coordination, visual-motor control and speed There was a significant difference in upper limb agility in obese boys and girls, and boys were better in these components (p <.05). Also, there is no difference between two-way coordination factors and response speed in the two groups. The pattern of the present findings showed that although the motor proficiency of obese students in Sanandaj were generally low, but the decrease in the level of motor proficiency in obese girls is more affected than obese boys, which may be due to differences in fat and muscle tissue distribution between the sexes   And confirms the importance of regular physical activity to improve motor skills, especially in obese girls.  

      Abstract    The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term use of taurine supplementation on lactate and blood pressure levels after a period of exhausting exercise in active female students. The whole study was semi-experimental and the method was quasi-experimental. For this purpose, 14 students with a mean age of 20.57 ± 0.93, height 167.14 ± 2.65cm, weight 66.42 ± 4.43 kg participated in the study as available samples and The randomized form was included in two groups of supplement and placebo. During the two pre-test and post-test sessions, they participated in exhausting exercise activities (Bruce test). Use for one week. After the end of the supplement, the post-test was performed immediately. Heart rate was measured at each stage and after reaching exhaustion, in order to cool down for 3 minutes, walking on a treadmill at a speed of 4km / h was performed, then the person's blood pressure was in a sitting position and 6 minutes after the end of the test, lactate Blood was measured from the subjects' finger blood samples. In order to differentiate between the variables in the inferential statistics section, before analyzing the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to ensure the normality of the data, due to the natural distribution of the data and the small number of variables to examine the pre-test data. After the test, paired t-test was used. The results of the study showed that short-term use of taurine supplementation significantly reduced the lactate response (p = 0.000) of the subjects after a period of exhausting exercise Cause

   Abstract Objective: The goal of sports science researchers and researchers is to maximize the performance of athletes in different fields of sport. To this end, researchers seek to identify factors that influence athlete performance and it is well accepted that sleep is one of the essentials of health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 30-hours sleep deprivation on the response of leptin and ghrelin levels to an Exhaustive activity among active male students. Materials and Methods: Among the active male students of Razi University of Kermanshah, 20 undergraduate students were selected through convenience sampling and participated in the study. Subjects were evaluated by simple randomized cross-sectional design in two situations. Results: Information related to the comparison of post-test and pre-test in two experimental (sleep deprivation) and control (adequate sleep) situations showed that leptin hormone in sleep deprivation conditions decreased compared to rest conditions (9.4 %) And ghrelin hormone in experimental conditions increased compared to control conditions (2.04%) and this difference is considered significant at the level (p = 0.0012). Insomnia also caused significant changes in physiological parameters (VO2max, heart rate, blood pressure, time to exhaustion, etc.). Conclusion: 30 hours of sleep deprivation decreased leptin and at the same time increased ghrelin, which indicates the importance of night sleep, which is one of the influential factors associated with obesity and overweight. Especially by coaches and athletes who after sleep deprivation cause a significant effect on their performance, should be given more attention.

  Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of High intensity interval training (HIIT) program and citrulline malate (CM) supplement on nitric oxide levels and exercise performance in elite wrestlers. Materials and Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled design, 28 elite males’ wrestlers (age, 21.9±2.4 y; height 174.5±3.8 cm) were randomly assigned to CM+training, placebo+training and training, while also all groups participating in 6 weeks of HIIT based on wrestling techniques. Participants completed testing sessions for body composition and aerobic and anaerobic tests before and after 6 weeks of HIIT program. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after 6 weeks. Results: Nitric Oxide level after six weeks of HIIT and CM supplementation showed significant increase comparing to placebo+training (P=0.001) and training (P=0.035) groups. There is no significant difference between other groups for NO (P> 0.05). There was a significant difference between upper body anaerobic power (peak power, Mean power and fatigue index) of CM group and placebo group (P=0.22), and there was no significant difference between the other groups (P>0.05). Among all body composition data after six week HIIT just FFM of CM+training group showed significant increase comparing placebo and training group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Daily CM supplementation during six weeks of HIIT training increases serum NO levels and upper body anaerobic power in elite male wrestlers comparing HIIT alone.   

The study of objective and subjective variables of overtraining in female soccer players during the soccer premier league

  AbstractThepurpose of this research was to determine the effect of adapted play trainingon adaptive behavior and motor development of educable mentally disabledstudent. The statistical populationof this study included all students with mental disability in preschool andstudents in grades 1, 2, 3. The sample included 80 students (40 boys and 40girls) who were randomly selected from 2 schools in harsin city. Then they weredivide into 2 groups: the experimental and control groups. The materials usedin this research were: Vineland Social Maturity Scale and Oseretsky Test ofMotor Proficiency. A pretest administered to both the experimental and controlgroups. Then adapted play employed on experimental group. A post test wasadministered to both groups at the end of the training. The results showed thatthere was significant difference between the mean scores of   Vineland social maturity scale   and Oseretsky test of motor proficiency inthe experimental and the control group in the post test (p<0.01). Also, theresults showed that between two groups (girls and boys) wasn't significantdifference between the mean scores of Vineland social maturity scale andOseretsky test of motor proficiency in the experimental and the control groupin the post test. Finding showed that the adapted play could increase adaptivebehavior and motor development in educable mentally disable students(p<0.01).  Keywords: Adapted play, adaptedbehavior, mentally disabled  

AbstractTheaim of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effects of 8 weeksaerobic exercise and Artichoke on liver fat levels and serum levels of ALT andAST in obese or overweight women with non-alcoholic fatty liver. For thispurpose, 32 obese or overweight women were randomly assigned to four groups ofArtichoke, aerobic exercise, Aerobic exercise - Artichoke and control groups.aerobic exercise – Artichoke and aerobic exercise groups performedmoderate-intensity aerobic exercises for eight weeks (three sessions per week)(RPE 11-13). Subjects in the Artichoke group, aerobic exercise – Artichokereceived after meals 60¬Cc Artichoke distillate. Sample collection wasperformed 48 hours before the protocol was executed and 48 hours after the lasttraining session to measure serum levels of ALT and AST and the lipid profile.Ultrasound of the liver was performed 48 hours before the protocol wasperformed and 48 hours after the end of the program to evaluate liver fatlevels. The results of the data analysis showed that performing aerobicexercise three sessions per week caused a significant decrease in the level offat in the liver in this group, and also performing aerobic exercise withsupplementary artichoke also had a beneficial effect on the levels of liver fatin these individuals, But there was no significant difference betweeninterventional groups. However, the ALT and AST liver enzymes only had asignificant improvement in aerobic exercise group, and no lipid profile in anyof the artichoke, aerobic training, and aerobic exercises with artichoketreatment was significant.Key Words: Cholesterol, Obesity, Diet, Type 2 Diabetes, Triglycerides

The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of a concurrent resistance and cardio respiratory exercise training program of short duration on Salivary Levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), Cortisol, quality of life (QOL), sleep quality, and fitness factors in women with breast cancer. 42 subjects were randomly assigned to either a training (n=21; age: 46.08±8.93 yrs) or control non-exercising group (n=21; age: 46.21±8.71 yrs). The training group followed an 8 weeks exercise program consisting of 3 weekly sessions of 90-min duration, supervised by an experienced investigator and divided into resistance and aerobic training. Salivary sampling was performed before and after the exercise protocol, and sleep quality and quality of life were assessed by the McGill's quality of life (MQOL) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality (PSQL) questionnaire was measured. We found that the change in values of cortisol, sleep quality, quality of life, weight, body mass index, body fat, and Waistline was significant (P<0.05) an 8 weeks concurrent training can change them but the change in values of interleukin-12, and WHR was no significant (P>0.05). These findings suggest a safe, economical method to improve quality of life, sleep quality,   fitness, maintain IL-12, and reduce cortisol in women with breast cancer.

  The aim of this study is a comparison between the effects of two types of active recovery and cold water immersion on Hemolysis factors after one session practicing volleyball. This research has been done with a Quasi-experimental design and repeated measures of pre-test, post-test and follow up test. Ten women as volleyball player took part in this study (age 22.20± 3.39 years, weight 63.77 ± 8.11 kg, and High 165.10±7.09 cm). Practice protocol includes two sessions and every session took long 90 minutes practice with the interval of one week. Every session consisted of 30 minutes general and specialized warm up, 45 minutes practice of volleyball's techniques, and 15 minutes recovery. At the end of the first session, active and routine recoveries in volleyball field including jogging with tensional moves were applied. In addition, cold water immersion with 10 degrees centigrade shoulder-high was done at the end of the second session. Venous blood sampling with the aim of estimating the effect of practice in recoveries on hemolysis factors before practice, after practice, immediately after recovery, and 24 hours after recoveries, has been done from anti-cubital vein. Statistical analysis was run through Variance analysis with repeated measures and LSD test for comparing multiple pairwise for assessing averages difference with the level of confidence (p<./05). The results showed that after a volleyball training session with active and routine recovery, the measure of HGB, HCT, and RBC are decreased significantly after practice in compare to their levels before practice. Also, Bilirubin T, Bilirubin ind are increased significantly. However, 24 hours after practice in compare to immediately after practice, there was a significant decrease in Bilirubin T and a significant increase in MCV. Furthermore, comparison of hemolysis factors in recovery of cold water immersion indicated fewer modifications in compare to active recovery. What is important is the lack of meaningful difference in all factors. With respect to modifications made in factors, increasing Bilirubin, and controlling plasma volume, these findings can be a sing of hemolysis on a day after volleyball practice. Furthermore, based on statistical results, the types of recovery did not have any meaningful effect on hemolysis factors.

  Abstract Background and aims: Obesity is a metabolic disorder that is caused by increased energy intake and reduced energy expenditure. On the other hand, irisin is a new myokine that exerts its positive effects via increasing energy expenditure. However, irisin response to resistance exercise and its related training variables has been less discussed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different rest interval between sets of resistance exercise on serum irisin and blood lactate levels in obese male children. Materials and methods: Twelve obese male children (13.41±1.08 years) participated in the study. On 3 separate sessions of a resistance exercise protocol; subjects were assigned in a random a rest interval of 60 seconds, 120 seconds, or 120 seconds between sets. The RE session consisted of 4 sets of chest press to failure using 60% of 1 repetition maximum. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise at each session. Statistical tests of paired t, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.Results: A significant increase was observed in the serum irisin and blood lactate immediately after three resistance exercise protocol (P<0.05); Also, there was significant difference in study variables in three resistance exercise protocol (P<0.05). Based on Turkey’s follow-up test increased serum irisin concentration and lactate at rest intervals of 60 seconds were significantly higher than rest intervals of 120 and 240 seconds; also, the increase of serum irisin concentration and lactate rest intervals of 120 seconds was significantly higher than of 240 seconds. The results of this study showed that, there was positive and significant correlation between lactate and irisin in resistance exercise a rest interval of 60 seconds, 120 seconds (P? 0.05); while there was no significant difference between lactate and irisin in resistance exercise a rest interval of 240 seconds.Conclusion: These results suggest that the resistance exercise with low resting interval compared to resistance training with high resting interval can increase the levels of irisin in in obese male children. Also, due to the existence of significant positive correlation between serum irisin and blood lactate, high lactate accumulation may be one of the possible mechanisms increased release irisin the result of resistance exercises with low resting interval.Keywords: Obesity, Irisin, Lactate, Resistance Training, Different rest interval

  Abstarct:       Background: One of the most important body responses during ascend to altitude is weight loss, that its one of the ways to prevent obesity-related diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluated the effect of 6 weeks HIIT training in the conditions of hypoxia and normoxia on liver enzymes levels and Maximum fat oxidation in overweight women. Material and Methods: in thise study 20 overweight female and non-athletes participated Voluntary and after recall and were divided into two equal groups. They were allocated randomly in either HIIT training in Normoxia conditions group (age:27.50±3.536 and BMI: 26.94±2.03) or to HIIT training in Hypoxia conditions group (age:26.80±4.05 and BMI:27.38±1.49). Both of groups performed HIIT training for six weeks and three times a week. The HIIT sessions consisted of intervals of 30-s work at 90% VO2peak and 30-s inactive rest, and increased by 5 min every week to reach 45 min in the last week. All exercise sessions started with unloaded 5-min warm-up cycling and ended with unloaded 5-min cool-down cycling at a cadence of 70 rpm. Blood samples were obtained 48 hours before and after six weeks of HIIT training in fasting state. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to normalize the data distribution. Changes of data was analyzed by dependent and independed t-test, at the significant level of P<0.05 and using    version 21. Results: These findings suggest that 18 sessions high-intensity interval training significantly reduced weight and body mass index. It also significantly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and significantly increased the maximum fat oxidation. But the level of alanine aminotransferase and lipid Profiles only in the normoxia group significantly decreased.    Conclusion: According to the results of this study can be concluded that HIIT training in hypoxic conditions is likely to postpone a preventive method for diseases associated with overweight and obesity. Therefore, the HIIT training as an non-invasive and non-pharmacological method is considered   that obese and   inactive individuals is recommended. Key words: Hypoxia, HIIT, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, MFO.

  One of the factors influencing learning and performing motor skills is attention and focusing it is a way to increase productivity and learning. One of the competitive conditions that can have an impact on the performance of the athlete is the presence of the spectator. The purpose of this study was to investigate the internal, external, and self-regulating attention on the dribble performance (speed and accuracy) of the Mamolan city’s futsalists. The research population is composed of 14-17 year-old expert futsalists from the Mamolan city. 32 futsalists of the mentiond population were selected as the research sample by available method. The Futsal Dribble Skill Test was taken into consideration from all individuals in different situations. The scores of accuracy and speed of athletes performance were enterd and analysed in    version 22 software. To assess the distribution of scores and descriptive statistics, Shapiro Wilk test, mean and standard deviation were used. Considering the significance of Shapiro Wilk test, non-parametric Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were used to test the research hypotheses. The results of this study showed that internal and self-regulated attention does not affect performance of dribbling accuracy and speed of athletes (p> 0.05). However, external attention showed a significant effect on the accuracy and speed performance of athlete dribbling (p <0.05). Also, the comparison of the differential effects of attentional focus showed that there was a significant difference between the accuracy and speed performance in the attentional focus of internal, external and self-regulating. According to the results, it can be argued that the focus of attention on performance is influenced by the presence of the spectator and should be considered as an important variable.

چاقي و اضافه‌وزن به همراه اختلالات ليپيدي و متابوليكي مرتبط با آن، يكي از نگراني‌هاي بسيار مهم در جهان امروز است. اخيرا تمرينات تناوبي پرشدت (HIIT) براي كاهش وزن بسيار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بنابراين هدف ما بررسي و مقايسه اثر حاد يك جلسه تمرين تناوبي پرشدت و تمرين هوازي بر نيمرخ چربي دختران داراي اضافه وزن است. به اين منظور ?? دختر جوان داراي اضافه وزن به روش نمونه­گيري غير­تصادفي در دسترس انتخاب شدند و همه آزمودني­ها در هر دو نوع تمرين شركت كردند. قبل از شروع آزمون، اندازه‌گيري‌هاي شاخص‌هايي از قبيل قد، وزن و شاخص توده بدن (BMI) انجام شد. تمرينات به صورت تك جلسه­اي انجام شد كه شامل يك جلسه تمرين HIIT و يك جلسه تمرين هوازي بود. براي اجراي پروتكل تمريني HIIT از ? تكرار ?? ثانيه‌اي آزمون وينگيت استفاده شد، به اين صورت كه آزمودني‌ها ?? دقيقه گرم كردن را بدون بار   انجام دادند، سپس به مدت ? دقيقه با سرعت ?? دور در دقيقه ركاب زدند و در نهايت ?? ثانيه با نهايت سرعت ركاب زدند. براي انجام تمرين هوازي آزمودني­ها بعد از ?? دقيقه گرم كردن، به مدت ?? دقيقه با شدت ?? درصد ضربان قلب حداكثر بر روي تردميل دويدند. نمونه­هاي خوني بلافاصله قبل و بعد از هر جلسه تمرين از وريد سفاليك آزمودني­ها در حالت ناشتا براي اندازه‌گيري سطوح نيمرخ چربي جمع آوري گرديد. سطوح نيمرخ چربي بعد از تمرينات HIIT بدون تغيير بود. با اين حال بعد از تمرين هوازي افزايش معنادار سطح HDL مشاهده شد. همچنين مقايسه نتايج دو جلسه تمريني نشان داد كه در تمرين HIIT سطوح كلسترول تام و LDL كاهش بيشتري داشت. به طور كلي تمرين هوازي را مي‌توان به عنوان روشي موثر براي بهبود سطوح نيمرخ چربي در نظر گرفت. همچنين مي‌توان از تمرين HIIT براي اين منظور و به عنوان روشي نوين و مفرح براي بهبود سطوح چربي خون بهره گرفت.

Abstract   The purpose of this study is the examination of emergencies and barriors of   using mediation process in sport. This study is the kind of partical research in terms of the results and gool, and also is a field research. The population of the study is considered to be the people who sport activities and also those who are ingaged in law especially the lawyers. The population of the study was gathered through snowball method. In order to collect data a self-made questionnaire was used. Its validity was confirmed by sport-teachers of Razi university of Kermanshah and its variables reliability was calculated by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. In order to analize the data the descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation were used to describe the data. Because the gool of the study, the chi-square test and Freedman’s Regression test were used in order to analize the data and to examin its hypotheses. The analysis of the data was done using the   -19 software. The results showed that among the necessities and barriors of using mediation process, those involved in the sport inadequate familiarity with the basics of contracts, maintaining friendly relations after mediation process and preventing enmity, the possibility of a quicksettlement of sport disputations, and reducing litigation costs of the hearing process were of the most importance comparing the others. Mediatino is supposed to be one of non-court methods of solving the sport disputation. During the years 1999-2007 mediation in sport has saved 9 billion dollars in the united states and 84 percent of people was fully satisfied because of using the mediation in sport disputations. Mediation is the most important basis of restorative justics. In restorative justics the process of hearing which is in court form and it is often occurred between an attorney and an accused changes its form. And disputation is solved through face to face contact of the disputation sides and the guidance of the mediator.Key words: restorative justice, mediation process, sports disputes

  Review:The aim of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of cognitive integration - move on some cognitive factors, balance and quality of life of older women is the city of Kermanshah. For this purpose, 30 elderly women with an average age of 54/6 ± 15/69 years through Wechsler scale software WMS-III, and focused attention from software Selectiv & Divaided attention version of Al-use design. Also stork stand test, to evaluate static balance and tug testing to assess the balance was Pvyaastfadh. they did. component focused attention has increased significantly compared to the control group (103/0 = (p. However, other results showed that cognitive exercises integration - movement has a significant effect in improving working memory (001 / p =), static balance ( 001 / 0p =), dynamic (000/0 (p = and quality of life  ) 000/0 (p = compared to the control group and the control group was not significant in any of the components level.  Key words: aging, static balance, dynamic, focused attention, working memory, quality of life

  The aim of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of cognitive integration -move on lipid profile and some physical fitness in elderly women Faktvhay city of Kermanshah. For this purpose, 30 subjects elderly women with an average age of 54/6 ± 15/69 years through volunteers were selected and randomly divided into control and experimental, and after blood sampling, test stand stork, test (go and back) tug , Wales and sit in order to evaluate static balance, dynamic balance, flexibility and hamstring muscles of the back, leg muscle strength and the use of hand-held dynamometer was used to measure muscle strength. The control group without any interference to their own daily routine and Group Exercise 8 week training protocol integrated cognitive exercises - rally. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to ensure normal distribution of data using independent t-test and t Shd.zmvn To examine the differences within and among the training group were employed. Intra-group analysis showed that triglyceride and LDL component of the training group and power, compared to the control group showed no significant difference, however, reduce cholesterol, increase HDL, increase in static balance, dynamic balance, increase flexibility and increase leg muscle strength compared to the control group was statistically significant. Based on the results obtained from this study is integrated motion exercises significant influence Drklstrvl, HDL, static balance, dynamic balance, flexibility and strength of the lower extremities (legs) in the city of Kermanshah were elderly women.

The aim of present study was investigating the acute and chronic effects of consuming Coenzyme Q10 supplement on rate of creatine phosphokinase after exhaustive aerobic activity of Bruce. For this purpose 12 out of 22 players of youth B’esat Kermanshah football team ranging from 17-19 in age volunteered to take part in this study. The study was conducted in 8 weeks and participants were posited into one situation but into two groups of control (N=12) and experimental (N=12). The experimental group during one session (acute effect) in 8 weeks (chronic effect) consumed 200 milligrams of coenzyme Q10 supplement (2 tablets each100 milligrams) daily. In order to exert muscular damage in subjects, they were tested by exhaustion test. The exhaustive Bruce test (running on the rotary bar model pulsar med 3p manufactured by the German company h/p cosmos) started with a speed of 1/7 miles per hour (2.74 kilometers per hour) and 10% tilt. Then in each stage 1.3 kilometers per hour and 2% tilt was added.   Exhaustion time is when the subjects are not able to run. In order to recognize the exhaustion subjects were talked to while performing the test and they declared that they are unable to continue running. Before and after the Bruce test in all three positons of acute, control, and chronic, 5 cc blood was bled from all subjects’ vein head elbow. BMI was calculated by the body composition measurement set called ZEUS 9.9 .The activity of serum total lactate dehydrogenase enzyme was determined by the CPK kit of Bio-System Company and auto-analyzer set (Biochemistry Synvva). All measurements were done form 9-11.5 pm in the same ventilation and light conditions. Data were analyzed by repeated measure paired – samples T Test at P ? 0.05.The results showed that consuming Coenzyme Q10 after exhaustive aerobic activities (Bruce test) caused a significant decrease of inflammatory markers in subjects’ blood’s creatine phosphokinasein the acute position. But in the chronic position no significant effect of consuming the supplement on decreasing blood’s creatine phosphokinase was observed.Conclusion:   Based on the results, it can be concluded that long-term (8 weeks) Coenzyme Q10 supplementation can reduce aerobic exercise-induced creatine kinase elevations (cellular damage indices).

    The aim of present study was investigating the acute and chronic effects of consuming Coenzyme Q10 supplement on rate of creatine phosphokinase after exhaustive aerobic activity of Bruce. For this purpose 12 out of 22 players of youth B’esat Kermanshah football team ranging from 17-19 in age volunteered to take part in this study. The study was conducted in 8 weeks and participants were posited into one situation but into two groups of control (N=12) and experimental (N=12). The experimental group during one session (acute effect) in 8 weeks (chronic effect) consumed 200 milligrams of coenzyme Q10 supplement (2 tablets each100 milligrams) daily. In order to exert muscular damage in subjects, they were tested by exhaustion test. The exhaustive Bruce test (running on the rotary bar model pulsar med 3p manufactured by the German company h/p cosmos) started with a speed of 1/7 miles per hour (2.74 kilometers per hour) and 10% tilt. Then in each stage 1.3 kilometers per hour and 2% tilt was added.   Exhaustion time is when the subjects are not able to run. In order to recognize the exhaustion subjects were talked to while performing the test and they declared that they are unable to continue running. Before and after the Bruce test in all three positons of acute, control, and chronic, 5 cc blood was bled from all subjects’ vein head elbow. BMI was calculated by the body composition measurement set called ZEUS 9.9 .The activity of serum total lactate dehydrogenase enzyme was determined by the LDH kit of Bio-System Company and auto-analyzer set (Biochemistry Synvva). All measurements were done form 9-11.5 pm in the same ventilation and light conditions. Data were analyzed by repeated measure paired – samples T Test at P ? 0.05.The results showed that consuming Coenzyme Q10 after exhaustive aerobic activities (Bruce test) caused a significant decrease of inflammatory markers in subjects’ blood’s creatine phosphokinasein the acute position. But in the chronic position no significant effect of consuming the supplement on decreasing blood’s creatine phosphokinase was observed.Conclusion:   Based on the results, it can be concluded that long-term (8 weeks) Coenzyme Q10 supplementation can reduce aerobic exercise-induced lactate dehydrogenase elevations (cellular damage indices).Keywords: coenzyme Q10 supplement, lactate dehydrogenase, exhaustive Bruce test.

  The aim of this study was to Comparing the effects of aerobic exercise in hypoxic and normoxic conditions on plasma levels of ghrelin and obestatin in male physical education students. For this purpose, 12 subjects with    of body mass index and the ages ranged from 19 to 25 years who until have not been above 2000m altitude from two months before the beginning of the study, volunteered to participate in the study. The exercised intervention included both aerobic exercises which had done in two conditions of hypoxic and normoxia   So that the distance between the two session for each subject was at least a week. Hypoxic and normoxic conditions was randomly arranged and 6 participants at first who experienced normoxic and 6 other first of all had experienced   normoxic / then Hypoxic conditions. Aerobic exercise included 45 minutes pedaling work over the gauge wheels with 65-70% heart.rate reserve and the intensity of hypoxic was equivalent to 14% oxygen. Blood samples to measure ghrelin and obestatin levels were taken in 4 times in fasting condition, immediately before and after exercise. The findings showed that one session of aerobic exercise in hypoxic condition the obestatin levels, significantly reduced (p=0.021), However in normoxic condition, Obestatin levels did not change. Ghrelin and the ratio of ghrelin to obestatin did not change significantly in any conditions.

Ghrelin and obestatin are orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, respectively, which are believed to be important in the regulation of energy homeostasis and body weight control. Studies on the effects of exercise on ghrelin and obestatin, especially in human, are few and limited. One the other hand, it has been shown that hypoxic conditions can also effect hormones levels. Thus, The aim of this study had been investigated the effects of resistance exercise in hypoxic conditions and normoxic on plasma levels of ghrelin and obestatin in healthy girls.In this regard 12 active women with an average age of 27±3/53 years, performed strength training in hypoxic conditions and normoxic in different days. Resistance exercise was included 5 sets of 10 repetition at 70% of one repetition maximum bench press and squat with barbell. The rest Time between sets and activities was a minute. The condition of hypoxia (O2=14) was suffered before performoing of resistance exercise and continued up to the end of the activity. Blood samples were taken form the each of subject twice for each of session (before and immediately after exercise activity). The results showed that acute effects of resistance exercise in hypoxic and normoxic conditions does not influence plasma of ghrelin and ghrelin into obestatin. while it decrease significant plasma levels of obeststin in conditions of hypoxia (P=0.004). In general, we can conclude that resistance activity in hypoxic conditions has greater impact on obestatin hormone than normoxia conditions.                                                AbstractGhrelin and obestatin are orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, respectively, which are believed to be important in the regulation of energy homeostasis and body weight control. Studies on the effects of exercise on ghrelin and obestatin, especially in human, are few and limited. One the other hand, it has been shown that hypoxic conditions can also effect hormones levels. Thus, The aim of this study had been investigated the effects of resistance exercise in hypoxic conditions and normoxic on plasma levels of ghrelin and obestatin in healthy girls.In this regard 12 active women with an average age of 27±3/53 years, performed strength training in hypoxic conditions and normoxic in different days. Resistance exercise was included 5 sets of 10 repetition at 70% of one repetition maximum bench press and squat with barbell. The rest Time between sets and activities was a minute. The condition of hypoxia (O2=14) was suffered before performoing of resistance exercise and continued up to the end of the activity. Blood samples were taken form the each of subject twice for each of session (before and immediately after exercise activity). The results showed that acute effects of resistance exercise in hypoxic and normoxic conditions does not influence plasma of ghrelin and ghrelin into obestatin. while it decrease significant plasma levels of obeststin in conditions of hypoxia (P=0.004). In general, we can conclude that resistance activity in hypoxic conditions has greater impact on obestatin hormone than normoxia conditions.

  آثار حاد و مزمن تمرين تناوبي شديد بر سطوح تستوسترون،كورتيزول و نيم رخ چربي در كودكان چاق و داراي اضافه وزن