Due to the wide application of composite materials and nanocomposites in industry, in this thesis the free vibration of trapezoidal nanocomposite reinforced by Montmorillonite nanoparticles with a fixed support was investigated. The oscillation frequency of the part in the state of free vibration is called the natural frequency, which is without the presence of an external force. Every object or system has its own natural frequency depending on factors such as mass, stiffness and shape. If the frequency of an external vibration applied to the system is equal or close to the natural frequency of the object, the phenomenon of resonance or resonance occurs. The four primary natural frequencies of the trapezoidal plate made of resin with different amounts of montmorillonite nanoparticles were calculated using Abaqus software, a

Abstract    This thesis examines the performance of double-skin façade systems equipped with phase change materials (PCM) and thermal absorbers in enhancing natural ventilation and reducing internal temperature fluctuations. The primary objective of this research is to analyze the impact of using PCM and thermal absorbers on increasing the thermal efficiency of the system, improving the chimney effect, and optimizing the internal temperature of the building.    To this end, three experimental scenarios were designed and executed over consecutive days: - Day One: Double-skin façade system without PCM and thermal absorber. - Day Two: System equipped with PCM. - Day Three: System equipped with PCM and thermal absorber.    The data collected on airflow, airspeed, the temperatures of the upper and lower vents, and internal temperature indicated that the use of PCM and thermal absorbers had a significant impact on improving the system's performance. The airflow and airspeed on Day Three reached their optimum levels, with the temperature difference between the upper and lower vents reaching its highest point, indicating an increase in the chimney effect and natural ventilation. Additionally, internal temperature fluctuations were minimized, resulting in a more stable internal temperature.    Analysis of the numerical values showed that on Day Two, airflow and airspeed increased by 25% and 20%, respectively, compared to Day One, and on Day Three, these values further increased by 15% and 10% compared to Day Two. Furthermore, the temperatures of the upper and lower vents on Day Two increased by 30% and 25%, respectively, compared to Day One, and on Day Three, these values were further elevated by 12% and 10%.    The results of this research indicate that the combination of phase change materials and thermal absorbers can be an effective solution for enhancing the performance of double-skin façade systems and reducing energy consumption. It is recommended that this technology be utilized in future designs across various climates, and intelligent control systems be implemented to optimize performance.    Keywords: double-skin façade, phase change materials (PCM), thermal absorber, natural ventilation, chimney effect, internal temperature optimization.   

   الگوهاي نوين تحصيلي و فعاليت‌هاي گروهي دانشجويي از مسائل مهم در حوزه آموزش دانشگاهي هستند. در سال‌هاي اخير سازگار نمودن محيط‌هاي يادگيري با نيازهاي گوناگون يادگيرندگان موردتوجه متخصصين آموزش قرار گرفته است. امروزه بسياري از فضاهاي آموزشي به ساختمان‌هاي بسته محدود شده‌اند و از پتانسيل فضاهاي باز كمتر بهره‌برداري مي‌شود. يكي از مسائل مهم در طراحي فضاهاي آموزشي، فراهم‌كردن زمينه‌هاي رشد خلاقيت و سرزندگي در فضاهاي باز جمعي است. فضاهاي باز دانشگاهي بخشي جدايي‌ناپذير از محيط‌هاي آموزشي هستند و نقشي اساسي در برآوردن نيازهاي اجتماعي و فردي دانشجويان دارند؛ اين امر به پيشبرد اهداف دانشگاه‌ها كمك مي­كنند. ازاين‌رو سؤال اصلي پايان­نامه اين است كه چگونه مي‌توان الگوهاي پاسخ­ده معماري ساير فضاهاي باز دانشگاهي مطلوب را در بازطراحي فضاهاي باز دانشكده هنر و معماري دانشگاه رازي به كاربرد؟ هدف از نگارش اين پايان­نامه باز طراحي فضاهاي باز دانشكده هنر و معماري دانشگاه رازي است به‌نحوي‌كه باعث ترغيب حضور كاربران در اين فضاها شوند. در اين راستا با شناسايي مؤلفه‌هاي مؤثر بر شكل‌گيري فضاهاي باز دانشگاهي اجتماع‌پذير و بررسي الگوهاي معماري به‌كاررفته در عرصه‌هاي باز مطلوب دانشگاهي، به دنبال پي‌بردن به چگونگي استفاده از اين الگوها در بازطراحي فضاهاي باز اين دانشكده بوده تا با عدم پرداخت هزينه­هاي هنگفت در همان محيط دانشگاهي، بستر هدفمندتري در اختيار دانشجويان قرار گيرد. در اين پايان‌نامه از راهبرد همبستگي استفاده شده است. براين­اساس باتوجه‌به فرضيه شكل­گرفته در ابتدا، الگوهاي فضايي موجود در يكي از فضاهاي باز دانشكده هنر و معماري دانشگاه رازي با فضاي باز محوطه ورودي دانشكده فني و مهندسي همان دانشگاه (به‌عنوان يك فضاي باز اجتماع­پذير) مقايسه شده است. داده‌ها از طريق مشاهده مستقيم و مصاحبه‌هاي عميق با دانشجويان كه از اين فضاها استفاده مي‌كنند، گردآوري شده و همچنين، تصاوير و نقشه‌هاي آن­ها به‌منظور تحليل دقيق‌تر و مستندكردن مشاهدات تهيه گرديده است. پس از گردآوري داده‌ها، تحليل محتواي كيفي انجام گرديده تا مؤلفه‌هاي مؤثر در شكل‌گيري فضاهاي اجتماع‌پذير شناسايي شوند. اين مؤلفه‌ها بر اساس يافته‌هاي پژوهش در قالب پنج مقوله اصلي دسته‌بندي شده­اند. در نهايت، بر اساس نتايج به‌دست‌آمده و الگوهاي شناسايي‌شده از كليه منابع اين پايان­نامه، مؤلفه‌هاي مؤثر در شكل‌گيري فضاهاي اجتماع‌پذير شناسايي و بازطراحي فضاي باز دانشكده هنر و معماري دانشگاه رازي صورت مي‌پذيرد. نتايج اين پايان­نامه حاكي از اهميت وجود لايه­بندي فضايي، اشراف كاربران به ساير فضاها و فعاليت­ها، تأمين آسايش حرارتي، وجود فضاهايي براي توفق و نشستن و وجود فضاهاي خدماتي بر اجتماع‌پذيري دانشجويان در فضاهاي باز دانشكده هنر و معماري دانشگاه رازي است. دانشجويان هم­چنين از عواملي همچون عدم وجود فضاهاي خدماتي، فقدان فضاهاي سبز منسجم، كمبود مبلمان و سكوها و عدم سايه­اندازي مناسب به‌عنوان نقاط ضعف فضاهاي باز دانشكده هنر و معماري كه باعث كاهش حضورپذيري افراد در اين فضاها گرديده، نام بردند.

Purpose: Today, one of the most important problems of cities is the insufficiency of the tra  ortation system and urban traffic. With the expansion of the city of Ilam in the last few decades, the bus organization serves the citizens from the old stations with the same layout and number of buses, which has not been responsive and this has caused people to switch to private vehicles, which itself has led to traffic on the streets and There has been an increase in costs and waste of citizens' time, noise and air pollution, and an increase in fuel consumption, etc. According to the stated contents, in order to provide the best possible services to the citizens and save time and costs and to maximize the coverage of the public tra  ortation (bus) network, the placement of bus stations and the routing of inner-city buses are of special importance. The main purpose of the current research is to investigate and analyze the bus stations in the city and their proper location and routing based on the theory of the traveling salesman and the use of the genetic algorithm and the use of the SWOT technique (case example: Ilam city.( Research Methodology: This research is "applied" in terms of type and is descriptive-analytical in which library and field methods are used. In this research, first the information and data of the existing situation were examined, then Cochran's formula was used to obtain the size of the statistical population, and then the questionnaire was adjusted according to 5-point Likert and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha and analyzed. An exploratory factor was carried out to obtain the factors, which had three output factors, then the questionnaires were analyzed through the SWOT technique, and using this technique, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were obtained and scored and weighted. The criteria for locating and routing bus stations have been achieved. Then, based on the theory of the traveling salesman, which is considered one of the NP-hard problems and is used for the vehicle routing problem, and while being the most difficult problem, it gives us the best answer, meta-heuristic algorithms have been used to solve it on a large scale. The genetic algorithm, which has a lower percentage of errors and has a better response, has been selected, and the appropriate routing of the bus stations in the city of Ilam has been done. Findings: The findings of this research showed that according to the exploratory factor analysis, there are three factors, and the findings showed that according to the SWOT technique, the inner city bus system of Ilam city has many weaknesses and threats, and the most important criteria that people have stated is that the stations Ilam's intra-city buses are not located in a suitable place and do not cover the entire city and routes, and the access of all people to the bus is not possible, and the routes on which the bus travels are not optimal and have maximum coverage. The waiting time of people is very long and the routes do not go back and forth at the same time and the number of buses is very few. Then the location of the stations was done, which was added to the number of existing stations, and finally based on the traveling salesman theory and new routing genetic algorithm, the number of buses was increased.

  polymer materials are widely used in many household and industrial tools

The sense of belonging to a place originates from the identity of the place, and the identity of the place is effective on the quality of human connection with the place. Every person, every work, every place has an identity; An architectural work can be an example of a collective identity. At the urban scale, recreating the identity of the place in the neighborhoods increases the vitality, the sense of belonging and attachment of the residents to the environment, because the place; Constructor is a part of people's identity, the person's dependence on the place causes the emergence of deep relationships between the person and the place. The identity of a place is called an idea and a view of a place that refers to the meaning and importance of places for its residents. Today, the industrialization of societies leads to the emergence of consequences such as distancing and lack of dependence on the environment, and ultimately the problem of identity crisis for the residents. In the past, neighborhood centers strengthened residents' sense of belonging and dependence on the environment; This change in the physical structure of the environment has led to the decline of people's relationship with the environment. In recent years, due to weak infrastructures, lack of attention to social norms and values, constructions that are inconsistent with the context, disregarding the behavioral pattern of the residents, not considering the connection between the identity and the meaning of the neighborhood, the historical neighborhood of Faizabad has put this fabric on the path of stagnation and neglect .Based on this, it is intended to develop a leading research with the aim of creating a neighborhood center with an emphasis on the characteristics of place identity in the aforementioned context. This dissertation will investigate the spatial identity indicators in the center of the neighborhood and the influencing factors with descriptive-analytical survey method. Keywords: neighborhood center design, spatial identity, Kermanshah, Faizabad neighborhood.      

   In this thesis, the effect of adding silica nanoparticles on the mechanical and impact properties in the combination of epoxy and fiberglass with needle-sheet composite fibers of particle fibers has been experimentally investigated and the effect of adding 3% by weight of nanosilica Mechanical properties including Young's modulus, tensile strength and elongation percentage and impact properties including maximum contact force, contact time and dimensions of the damaged area (cracks in the matrix and laminated) have been investigated and analyzed. Glass fibers are combined in sheet and needle form and a new composite sheet is made. The particle fibers are made of Mat material and were determined with the help of tensile tests, tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation. In fact, the goal has been to see what changes have been made in the Young's modulus and tensile strength as well as the elongation at break by adding a certain weight percentage of nanosilica in the said composite. In addition, based on the technique of artificial intelligence and using the combination of flight search algorithm and teaching-learning based algorithm, it has been used to train the fuzzy-adaptive neural inference network. In fact, the combination of the two mentioned algorithms was done because the flight search algorithm has a negative feature, and that is falling into the trap of local optima, but at the same time, it has a suitable convergence speed to achieve the optimal answer. In order to solve this problem, it was combined with another algorithm whose biggest advantage is its search power and not getting trapped in local optimal points. From the combination of these two algorithms, a hybrid algorithm was created which has two special advantages of proper convergence speed and necessary power to avoid getting trapped in local optimal points. This combined algorithm has been used to train the adaptive neural fuzzy inference network. Finally, the aforementioned combined network has been used to predict the mechanical and impact properties of the composite presented above.

it is necessary to restore the membrane by cleaning or replacing membrane . by mathematical modeling of flux reduction, different mechanisms of membrane fouling can be identified and then the amount of membrane fouling can be reduced. In this study, polyether sulfone membranes were made by phase inversion method. filtration has been done with single, double and triple feed solutions of sodium alginate, humic acid and kaolinite. modeling of laboratory data with single mechanisms of Hermia and combined models of Bolton have been done in constant pressure mode. For all feed solutions, all 9 single and combined models were checked by nonlinear regression method and by minimizing sum of squared error (SSE) and model parameters including K and J0 were calculated. The most consistent fouling model with the highest R2 value and the lowest RMSE value have been selected. All the dominant mechanisms in the fouling of the solutions except the kaolinite solution showed R2 greater than 0.99, and for the kaolinite solution, the value of R2 equal to 0.98 was obtained. Finally, based on the appropriate model chosen for each feed, membrane regeneration has been done by physical method or combined method. Regeneration of the membrane taken with kaolinite solution was done by physical cleaning method and for other solutions by combined method. The results of the triple feed solution showed that only a combined or classical mechanism cannot represent the membrane fouling behavior. In this solution, first the standard blocking-cake filtration model and then the two standard blocking-cake filtration and intermediate blocking-cake filtration models are compatible with the flux reduction data Showed. SEM images of the surface of clean membrane and fouled membrane with feed solutions with different compositions show the severity of fouling in mixed feed. Finally, based on the appropriate model chosen for each feed, membrane regeneration has been done by physical method or combined method. Regeneration of the fouled membrane with kaolinite solution was done by physical cleaning method and for other solutions by combined method. The highest flux recovery is reported for kaolinite solution with 93.8% and the lowest flux recovery for triple feed with 85.7%.

براي بسياري از كارخانه­ هاي بتن آماده، كارخانه­ هاي ساخت قطعات بتني، پيمانكاران بزرگ و يا كلينيك­ هاي فروش روان­ كننده بتن كه روان­ كننده­ هاي بتن را خودشان تأمين مي­ كنند؛ بررسي اين موضوع كه كداميك از روان­ كننده­ هاي موجود در بازار مي ­تواند منجر به توليد بتني با مقاومت بالاتر و كيفيت و دوام بهتري شود حائز اهميت است كه موضوع اصلي پايان­ نامه مي ­باشد. براي اين منظور نمونه­ هاي بتن پرمقاومت با فوق روان ­كننده هاي 5112 IR شركت سيكا پارسيان، VERTEX-F2 شركت دماوند سفيد، SRJ 572 شركت البرز شيمي آسيا، RM شركت آبادگران و RB-ESP 360s شركت رزين بتن برتر ساخته شد و مطالعات آزمايشگاهي براي مقايسه پارامترهاي اسلامپ، چگالي بتن تازه، مقاومت­ فشاري، مقاومت­ كششي، جذب آب (دوام) و SEM انجام گرفت. نتايج حاكي از آن بود كه نمونه­ هاي بتن ساخته شده با فوق روان­ كننده­ هاي RM شركت آبادگران و RB-ESP 360s شركت رزين بتن برتر به ترتيب مقاومت فشاري و كششي بيشتري نسبت به ساير نمونه ­ها كسب كردند و در آناليز SEM نيز ضخامت ناحيه انتقال كمتر و چسبندگي مناسب بين سيمان و سنگدانه در اين دو نمونه مشاهده شد؛ و سپس نمونه هاي بتن ساخته شده با فوق روان ­كننده­ هاي   RJ 572 شركت البرز شيمي آسيا، 5112 IR شركت سيكا پارسيان و VERTEX-F2 شركت دماوند سفيد به ترتيب با اختلاف كمي مقاومت فشاري و كششي بيشتر و ضخامت ناحيه انتقال كمتر را داشتند. همچنين نمونه­ هاي بتن ساخته شده با فوق روان­ كننده­ هاي   RB-ESP 360s شركت رزين بتن برتر و RM شركت آبادگران به ترتيب اسلامپ بيشتر و جذب آب كمتري داشتند كه در نتيجه دوام بهتري نيز خواهند داشت.

  ABSTRACTOne of the most importantreasons for the destruction of structures under seismic loading is the ruptureof the beam-to-column connection area. Due to the fact that the details ofconnections have a significant effect on the behavior of the connection and theamount of displacements and reactions created in the structure, with thecorrect and optimal design of the connections, a significant change can be madein the behavior of the connection and the performance of moment frames. Beamconnections with a reduced cross-section are widely used in structures due totheir good ductility and strength. This type of connection is a common methodto prevent the formation of plastic hinge in the column. In these connections,by weakening a part of the beam section, the plastic hinge moves away from thecolumn face. In other words, in this type of connections, the reduced part ofthe beam acts like a fuse and is damaged earlier than the rest of the structure.Reducing the cross-section of the beam is done by reducing the flange of thebeam or reducing the web of the beam. Since the flanges are the main beamcomponents that resist the bending moments, some researchers have suggested theweb reduction strategy in lieu of the flanges reduction. The reduction in theweb of the beam increases the damping of the system, and as a result, theenergy consumption capacity of the system also increases, as a result of whichthe drift and acceleration of the floors decrease. Therefore, the aim of thisresearch is to numerically investigate the Reduced Beam Section connectionunder cyclic loading to improve the behavior of the connection using Abaqusfinite element software, during which the samples are reduced by creating holesand slits in the web of the beam and have been studied in terms of dimension andlocation of the reduced area. After the analysis of the samples, things such ashystersis curve, ductility, stiffness, distribution of mises stresses andequivalent plastic strain have been investigated for each sample. The resultsof the analyzes indicate the appropriate behavior of reduced connections whichare reduced by creating slits in the web of the beam in removing the stressesfrom the column face and also improving the ductility of the reducedconnections compared to the non-reduced connection. Also, the mentioned connectionshave been successful in removing the plastic hinge from the beam-to-columnconnection area. It should be noted that with the increase in the area of the reduced sectionin the web of the beam, the ductility increases and the distribution of misesstresses shows a better behavior.Keywords: Reduced web section, Steelmoment frame, Cycling loading, Hystersis curve, Finite element method

Using ambient vibration measurements in studies of seismic site effects and microzonation big cities have great development. The role of site effects in the destruction and damage caused by the earthquake is no secret today And many researchers have confirmed the above question on the role of such studies have emphasized. Among the various methods in the study site effect there Measuring vibrations easily cost in terms of economic environment and the ability to measure large areas in a short time is valuable and important. Among the various methods of spectral H / V is Maybe one of the easiest and most practical methods. In this study, using the microtremor measurement method, the natural frequency of the earth for accelerometer stations in Ilam province was determined, and on the other hand, using the relation f0 = Vs30 / 4H, the natural frequency of the earth for accelerometer stations was determined. It was extracted and it was observed that the frequencies obtained from the two methods do not correspond to each other in the stations but are close to each other in some stations.    Keywords: Microtremors, Earth natural frequency, Accelerometer station, Ilam province, Shear wave velocity   

   Abstract Today, pollution of aquatic ecosystems with a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants has become one of the biggest human challenges, so that research studies examining techniques and the use of effective attractants in reducing and Or the elimination of some of these harmful pollutants, including arsenic, has many study priorities. The aim of this study was to optimize the adsorption conditions of arsenic heavy metal from water using magnetite-chitosan composite nanosorbent. The advantage of using chitosan coating is higher adsorption capacity and higher stability of adsorbent nanoparticles and its easy separation from aqueous solution. In this study, first magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method of iron (II) and (III) chloride ions and the obtained nanoparticles were first identified by FT-IR spectrum, then UV-Visible spectrum, TEM, XRD, VSM. , DLS, Zeta potential were obtained. After reviewing the results and obtaining the result, carboxymethylcytosans were sonochemically bonded to the surface of the modified magnetite nanoparticles and the surface of the magnetite nanoparticles was coated with carboxymethylcytosane. Magnetite-chitosan composite nanoparticles were taken by material analyzers, first FT-IR, UV-Visible, XRD which showed the presence of magnetite with chitosan coating, then TEM, VSM images, magnetic saturation change of nanoparticles after coating Delivery, DLS particle size distribution and Zeta potential surface load were investigated. Then, the adsorption test was performed using Design Expert software and the experiment was designed with Taguchi model from four factors: adsorbent dose, pH, temperature and time, and arsenic solution with an initial concentration of 1 ppm. Residual arsenic concentration was measured by ICP-Mass and statistical operations were performed on the test results and the effect of various factors on the adsorption efficiency was shown as contours so that the adsorption efficiency increased with increasing adsorbent dose and with increasing pH of The adsorption efficiency increased from 3.5 to 8.5 at a certain dose and the increase in temperature and time also increased the adsorption. Dose was 0.0300 g and pH = 3.5, contact time was 1440 min and temperature was 35 ° C. The optimal absorption point with 99.3% yield was obtained at a dose of 0.0283 g and pH = 6.4, and the contact time was 976 min and the temperature was C38, and the validation test showed a value of 99.4%. The weight ratio of chitosan to magnetite was synthesized in four different ratios of 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1 and 4: 1, and in optimal adsorption conditions, a test was performed. . Using the linear, nonlinear Langmuir equations and then the linear and nonlinear Friendlich isotherms, the isotherm that was consistent with the adsorption process and showed the highest correlation coefficient was the linear Langmuir and Friendlich isotherms, which obtained the maximum absorption capacity from the equation. The magnetite-chitosan composite was calculated to show 313.57 mg / g. According to the obtained results, the synthesized nanocomposite can be used for water filtration and arsenic adsorption under optimal conditions.

A wireless sensor network consists of sensor nodes located in geographic areas whose job is to monitorPhenomena such as humidity, temperature, vibration, etc. Since wireless sensor networks are networks that are used to monitor and control the environment, data transfer in these networks is based on data. Is done and routing protocols in these networks must be data based.

Abstract In a world where the evolution of advanced technology is changing moment by moment, electricity is not only an energy source but also has become an impartible part of human life. Therefore, nowadays with the progress increasing use of renewable energy sources (RESs), as well as creating a balance between production and load demand can be achieved nearly 100 percent efficiency to supply energy from the environment. On the other hand, due to the evolution of power electronic and the introduction of real-time controllers, the implementation of DC systems indicates better performance in power supply. Therefore, the introduction of DC microgrids (DCMGs) can be a suitable alternative solution for AC microgrids. But as we know, RESs, due to their alternative nature as well as their inherent low inertia property, will definitely disturbance with the stability of the microgrid. Therefore, for system stability, which means stabilizing the DC bus voltage in DCMG when an error or malfunction occurs, we have used virtual inertia emulation in the microgrid. The idea of virtual inertia is derived from the implementation of equations based on a real DC machine. This means that we have reached a virtual DC machine (VDCM) unit by using the battery bank with a bidirectional DC/DC converter and applying the desired control method. These equations are applied in the concept of VDCM and by applying to the control system of the converter the interface of the energy storage source with the network. However, it should be noted that the type of converter selected can greatly affect the performance of the VDCM unit. According to studies, the cascaded buck-boost converter (CBBC) is a suitable option for required power transmission. The proposed converter can be considered due to its power density capability, 98 efficiency and higher working temperature, as well as the ability to reverse the working direction when needed for different operating modes. The proposed scheme is implemented in the DCMG islanded. Also, according to the small signal model of the CBBC along with its controller unit, the stability of the microgrid has been analyzed. In order to confirm and be effective, the proposed design in Matlab/Simulink software has been studied under different test scenarios such as sudden change in consumer demand, change in RESs production capacity, and finally simultaneous changes in demand and production. It is evident from the results obtained that the DC bus voltage drop and the mode of operation of the DCMG are completely improved compared to the conventional design and confirm the above claim. Keywords: renewable energy source (RES), DC microgrid (DCMG), virtual DC machine (VDCM), cascaded buck-boost converter (CBBC), DC bus, virtual inertia   

   In this study, janus nanosheets are synthesized using a spontaneous process at the oil/water interface based on the corporation of(3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate molecules in the formation reaction of plate shape silica nanoparticles. The presence of acidic/alkali catalyst in the water phase increases the reaction rate at the proximity of the interface. Cooling down the system after a specific time causes the melted paraffin (oil phase) to solidify which completely stops the reaction and entraps the formed nanosheets at the interface. Considering the enrichment of the oil and waterphases with the reactants and catalyst, respectively, it is possible to reuse them   multiple times after harvesting the formed silica janus nanosheets. The amine groups at one side and the ethoxy groups on the other side of the silica janus nanosheets help them to serve perfectly as solid emulsifiers in pickering emulsions.

   سوخت­هاي بيوديزل به علت خاصيت تجديدپذيري و آلايندگي كمتر امروزه در معرض توجه بسياري از كشورهاي دنيا و علي الخصوص كشورهايي كه با بحران منابع سوختي درگير هستند مي­باشد. اين سوخت ها كه از منابع متنوعي همچون روغن­هاي گياهي، چربي­هاي حيواني و جلبك ها به دست مي­آيند، با ديزل معمولي تركيب شده و در موتور خودروها مورد استفاده قرار مي­گيرند. با توجه به تنوع تركيب ديزل/بيوديزل نيازمند توسعه مدل­هايي براي اندازه­گيري خواص اين مخلوط ضروري مي­نمايد كه اين مدل مستقل از نوع بيوديزل باشند. يكي از بهترين روش­هايي كه امروزه براي توصيف روابط رياضي پيچيده و يا پارامترهايي كه داراي رابطه رياضي خاصي نمي­باشند، استفاده از شبكه­هاي عصبي مي­باشد. عدد ستان و ويسكوزيته، دو مورد از خواص بسيار مهم بيوديزل هستند كه جز شاخصه‌هاي اصلي كيفيت سوخت به شمار مي‌روند؛ بطوريكه هر چه عدد ستان بيشتر باشد، كيفيت سوخت بيشتر بوده و هر چقدر مقدار ويسكوزيته آن كمتر باشد، سوخت به سهولت در موتور خودرو جابجا شده و بازدهي آن بالاتر خواهد بود. در اين پايان­نامه با استفاده از ساختارهاي متفاوتي از شبكه­هاي عصبي شامل الگوريتم­هاي آموزش مختلف (لونبرگ ماركوات، كاهش گراديان، BFGS، گراديان مزدوج)، توابع فعال ساز گوناگون (logsig، tansig، radbas، purelin) و تعداد نورون­هاي متغير از 1 تا 20 به محاسبه مقادير ويسكوزيته سينماتيك و عدد ستان مخلوط ديزل/بيوديزل پرداخته مي­شود. در اين پايان­نامه از 6 نوع بيوديزل مختلف استفاده شده است كه خواص درصد حجمي بيوديزل، عدد ستان بيوديزل ، دماي جوش، دماي تبخير، دماي فلش، دماي ريزش، گرماي احتراق، دماي ابري شدن، ويسكوزيته سينماتيك و وزن مخصوص آن­ها در دسترس مي­باشد. براي محاسبه ويسكوزيته سينماتيك و عدد ستان مخلوط، از تركيب­هاي متنوعي از ورودي­ها (دومتغيره و سه متغيره) استفاده شد تا بهترين آن­ها به دست آيد. نتايج نشان داد كه يك شبكه عصبي با الگوريتم لونبرگ ماركوات، تابع فعال ساز purelin، تعداد نورون 7 و با دو ورودي درصد حجمي بيوديزل خالص و ويسكوزيته سينماتيك بيوديزل خالص داراي مقادير ضريب همبستگي 9957/0 و ميانگين مربعات خطاي 0054/0 بيشترين برازش را با داده­هاي آزمايشگاهي ويسكوزيته سينماتيك مخلوط دارد. همچنين با در نظر گرفتن سه متغير ورودي درصد حجمي بيوديزل، ويسكوزيته سينماتيك و وزن مخصوص بيوديزل ميزان ضريب رگرسيون برابر 9947/0 و ميانگين مربعات خطا برابر 0063/0 به دست مي­آيد كه مدل مناسبي به شمار مي­رود. نتايج محاسبه عدد ستان مخلوط نيز نشان داد كه در حالت ورودي دو متغيره (درصد حجمي بيوديزل و عدد ستان بيوديزل)، يك شبكه عصبي با الگوريتم لونبرگ ماركوات، تابع فعال ساز tansig و تعداد 10 نورون و مقدار ضريب رگرسيون 9803/0 و ميانگين مربعات خطاي 4247/0 بيشترين سازگاري را با داده­هاي آزمايشگاهي دارد. با اين حال با فرض ورودي سه متغيره (درصد حجمي بيوديزل، عدد ستان و دماي ابري شدن) و با الگوريتم آموزش لونبرگ ماركوات، تابع فعال ساز tansig و تعداد 8 نورون و مقدار ضريب رگرسيون برابر 9903/0 و ميانگين مربعات خطا برابر با 2968/0 مي­باشد كه بيانگر مدل بهتري نسبت به حالت ورودي دو متغيره مي­باشد. نتايج ساير ورودي­ها در خلال پايان­نامه آورده شده است.    كليدواژه‌ها: شبكه عصبي، مخلوط ديزل/بيوديزل، مدل سازي، پيش‌بيني خواص.   

Abstract Congenital heart disease can cause heart failure or even mortality in 1 out of 125 newborns and infants, each year.   This cardiac failure severity can vary from mild to serious. It has been well-known that the early diagnosis of cardiac disease in the embryonic period may avert the cardiac failures and reduce the chance of mortality in newborns, accordingly. Therefore, it is of great importance to diagnose the condition and treat it, early.    Congenital heart defects can appear in the early stages of pregnancy, when the foetus’s heart is being formed and can affect the heart or its function. Generally, the heart failures may be caused due to genetic syndrome, inherited disorders, or environmental factors such as infection or consumables.    To examine the foetus’s heart condition, the heart’s electrical activities are commonly recorded by electrocardiogram (ECG) and examined by the cardiologist. An ECG is a non-invasive diagnostic method that records the variations in the heart electrical potentials. The non-invasive extraction of fetal ECG (fECG) from maternal abdominal is a demanding difficult task,   as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)   is very low and fECG signals are often blended with other signals such as; maternal heart activity,   the respiration, the uterine contractions, and also instrumental noise in the surroundings.    Previous research has already investigated the non-invasive extraction of fECG in the past four decades, but their performances are not yet satisfactory.   esides, there is   till a need for fECG extraction from multi-channel recordings. The main aim is to distinguish the fECG morphology with the highest possible accuracy.    This thesis is a review dissertation on previous research conducted, their outcomes, advantages, disadvantages, using adaptive filtering and discrete wavelet transform based methods, which have been less utilized in the context.    Keywords: Fetal electrocardiogram, Maternal electrocardiogram, Adaptive filter, Discrete wavelet transform. Abstract Congenital heart disease can cause heart failure or even mortality in 1 out of 125 newborns and infants, each year.   This cardiac failure severity can vary from mild to serious. It has been well-known that the early diagnosis of cardiac disease in the embryonic period may avert the cardiac failures and reduce the chance of mortality in newborns, accordingly. Therefore, it is of great importance to diagnose the condition and treat it, early.    Congenital heart defects can appear in the early stages of pregnancy, when the foetus’s heart is being formed and can affect the heart or its function. Generally, the heart failures may be caused due to genetic syndrome, inherited disorders, or environmental factors such as infection or consumables.    To examine the foetus’s heart condition, the heart’s electrical activities are commonly recorded by electrocardiogram (ECG) and examined by the cardiologist. An ECG is a non-invasive diagnostic method that records the variations in the heart electrical potentials. The non-invasive extraction of fetal ECG (fECG) from maternal abdominal is a demanding difficult task,   as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)   is very low and fECG signals are often blended with other signals such as; maternal heart activity,   the respiration, the uterine contractions, and also instrumental noise in the surroundings.   

مدل‌سازي   CFD به عنوان ابزاري قدرتمند براي بهينه‌سازي و مدل‌سازي سيستم‌هاي پيچيده است. با استفاده از مدل CFD اثر پارمترهاي مختلف بر اندازه ذرات و توزيع آن‌ها بررسي مي‌شود. ازكاربردهاي نتايج پايان‌نامه توزيع اندازه ذرات در همان مكان‌هايي كه در اندازه‌گيري‌هاي تجربي موجود در اسپري انجام شده‌است، مي‌باشد. و همچنين روشي را براي بهبود توانايي كدهاي ديناميكي سيالات محاسباتي (CFD) براي مدل‌سازي مكانيسم‌هاي اتمايزيشن مايع كه با عث كاهش هزينه و افزايش راندمان شود، ارائه مي‌دهد.حمل دارو در مباحث پزشكي و داروسازي همواره از اهميت بالايي برخوردار بوده است. به دليل خاصيت تخريب پذيري نانوذرات پليمري داروهاي حمل شده توسط اين پليمرها به طور كنترل شده‌اي در سيستم‌هاي بيولوژيكي آزاد شده   و سبب افزايش اثرگذاري دارو در بدن مي‌شوند. انتقال و جدايش دارو به شدت تحت تاثير اندازه ي نانوذرات و پلي ديسپرسيتي(توزيع اندازه ي ذرات) است تا بدين وسيله دارو درون كپسولي احاطه شود.همچنين اين پايان‌نامه در سيستم‌هاي توليد نانو ذرات با استفاده از اتمايزر و فيلم ريزان از جمله دارورساني هدفمند كه براي آن توزيع اندازه ذرات قابل كنترل باشد، كاربردي است.  هدف از اين كار ارزيابي تكنيك‌هاي مختلف براي مدل‌سازي اتمايزيشن سيستم توليد نانوذرات براي تكميل اندازه‌گيري‌هاي تجربي قبلي است. همچنين مي‌توان به طراحي روش تلفيقي جديد براي توليد اين نانوذرات با توزيع اندازه يكنواخت اشاره كرد. و همچنين روشي را براي بهبود توانايي كدهاي ديناميكي سيالات محاسباتي (CFD) براي مدل‌سازي مكانيسم‌هاي اتمايزيشن مايع ارائه مي‌دهد.نبولايزر  وسيله‌اي براي رساندن دارو به قسمت‌هاي مختلف دستگاه تنفس از طريق استنشاق مي‌باشند، اين درمان بخصوص در وضعيت‌هايي مانند  برونشيت  و  آسم  شديد بسيار مؤثر هستند و به دليل سريع بودن تأثير دارو و جلوگيري از تأثير دارو بر بافت‌هاي ديگر بدن بسيار مورد توجه مي‌باشد.نبولايزرها به دو گروه كلي مكانيكال Homemade) ، Soft mist inhaler و( Human powered nebulizer   و الكتريكال Vibrating mesh technology) ، Vibrating mesh technology و اولتراسونيك ( تقسيم بندي مي‌شوند: -  پنوماتيك (فعال شده توسط هواي فشرده): جهت رساندن ذرات نبولايز شده دارو به برونش‌ها، بايداين اجزاء به اندازه‌هاي حداقل 5 تا 10ميكرون تبديل شوند.-  تكنولوژي مش كپ (Vibrating meshtechnology): براي تأثير بر برونشيول‌ها به اندازه 2 تا 6 ميكرون كوچك شوند.اولتراسونيك (Ultrasonic wave nebulizer): درصورتيكه اين دارو به ذرات حدود نيم تا دو ميكرون تبديل شوند بر  آلوئولها  اثر خواهند گذاشت. كوچك شدن اندازه ذرات دارو بستگي به نوع دارو و جايگاه اثرآن‌ها خواهد داشت لذا از تكنولوژي‌هاي مختلف براي نبولايز استفاده مي‌شود.تئوري فيلم مايع ريزان به حركت سيال در مجاورت سطح جامد گفته مي‌شود كه در اين تئوري حركت سيال درهم بوده و انتقال جرم از سطح جامد به سيال صورت مي‌گيرد. در اين تئوري فرض مي‌شود كه تغييرات غلظت در يك لايه خيلي نازك صورت مي‌گيرد. در خارج از اين لايه غلظت ثابت است و درون اين لايه جريان آرام و انتقال از طريق نفوذ صورت مي‌گيرد. انتقال دارو از طريق نانوذرات و با استفاده از فرمولاسيون خاص، از پرطرفدارترين حوزه‌ها در نانوتكنولوژي محسوب مي‌شود. با گذر از ميكروذرات به نانوذرات (ذراتي با ابعاد 1 تا 100 نانومتر)، تغييراتي در برخي خواص فيزيكي اتفاق مي‌افتد كه افزايش نسبت سطح به حجم و ورود اندازه ذره به قلمرو اثرات كوانتومي از موارد مهم آن هستند. يكي از روش هاي معمول صورت گرفته جهت توليد نانوذرات، روش ژلاسيون يوني است. در اين روش يك برهم‌كنش الكتروستاتيكي بين گروه آمين پروتونه شده در مولكول نانوذره و يك گروه آنيوني، موجب تشكيل نانوذرات مي‌شود. در تحقيقات صورت گرفته با استفاده از روش ژلاسيون يوني، براي بررسي اندازه و مرفولوژي نانوذرات، پارامترهاي زيادي از جمله وزن مولكولي نانوذره، نسبت وزني (غلظت) نانوذره به عامل آنيوني ، PH و...مورد بررسي قرار گرفته‌است.

مقدمه: مغز انسان يك سلسله مراتب پيچيده ازماژول‌ها است كه بطور پويا در مقياس‌هاي ميكرو، مزو و ماكرو با يكديگر در تعاملهستند. نواحي مجزاي آناتوميكي كه به طور همزمان در حال نوسان و پويايي بوده و ازلحاظ عملكردي با يكديگر در ارتباط هستند، شبكه‌هاي حالت استراحت(RSN) ناميدهمي‌شوند. اين شبكه‌هاي مغزي را مي‌توان با استفاده از تصويربرداري تشديد مغناطيسيعملكردي حالت استراحت بدست آورد. آگاهي از اختلال در عملكرد اين شبكه‌ها، منجر بهشناسايي طيف وسيعي از بيماري‌هاي مغزي از جمله صرع، بيماري‌هاي آلزايمر و اوتيسم،افسردگي و اسكيزوفرني مي‌شود. رفتار پوياي اين شبكه‌ها از نظر زماني پيچيده است. پيچيدگيزماني RSNها ممكن است يك نشانگر مبتني بر تصويربرداري از عملكرد مغز در سلامت و بيماريباشد. هدف: باتوجه به اصلاحات انجام شده در آنتروپي حدود نسبت به آنتروپي نمونه، هدف از اين پايان‌نامه،بررسي پيچيدگي زماني RSNها با استفاده از معيار آنتروپيحدود چندمقياس است. از اهداف ديگر اين پايان‌نامه،بررسي ارتباط پيچيدگي زماني RSNها با شناخت مراتب بالاتر است. مواد و روش‌ها: منحني‌هاي ميله‌هاي خطايسايه‌دار و نمودارهاي جعبه‌اي مربوط به مقادير آنتروپي حدود چند مقياس را برايدادگان 240 فرد از مجموعه داده‌ي HCP   رسم كرديم. از طرفي به منظوربررسي ارتباط پيچيدگي زماني RSNها با شناخت مراتب بالا، ما 50 متغيررفتاري كه در شناخت مراتب بالاتر دخيل هستند، انتخاب كرده و رگرسيون شبكه‌ي الاستيكرا به آنها اعمال كرديم. يافته‌ها: مي‌توان دريافت كه شبكه شنوايي داراي بيشترين مقدار آنتروپيو شبكه حالت پيش‌فرض داراي كمترين مقدار است. اين در حالي است كه در منحني‌هايمربوط به آنتروپي چندمقياس نمونه، نتايجي معكوس حاصل مي‌شود. از طرفي متغير مربوطبه اندازه‌گيري توانايي‌هاي استدلال و برنامه‌ريزي، بزرگترين (مثبت) ضريب رگرسيونرا شامل مي‌شود. نتايج: بنابراين، مي‌توان نتيجه گرفت كه معيار آنتروپيحدود چندمقياس به عنوان معياري براي رابطه‌ي معكوس ميان پيچيدگي و مقدار آنتروپيشناخته مي‌شود. از طرفي اين معيار، مقادير كوچكتري از آنتروپي را ارائه داده و دامنه‌يتغييرات كوچكتري در اين مقادير دارد. همچنين، متغير مربوط به اندازه‌گيري توانايي‌هاياستدلال و برنامه‌ريزي در ميان 50 متغير رفتاري، بزرگترين (مثبت) ضريب رگرسيون را داراست.  

In recent years, internet traffic is growing extremely rapidly with the rapid growth of internet users and the emergence of new applications. As a result, the problem of identifying the applications on the network has become a complex task. The detection and classification of flow patterns and applications on network traffic plays an important role in network security and network management. The purpose of classification is to create a link between packet packets with a particular service or application. The problem with most of the methods is to rely on property extraction by experts. It is difficult and time consuming to find desirable features that lead to high accuracy. In general, most of the traffic classification methods are based on extracted features by an expert on computer networks. These features include port number, packet overhead, packet header and extracted statistical features of flow. The main problem of traffic classification is finding suitable features in traffic network. The process of finding suitable features is time consuming and cost and needs a qualified person to identify and extract these features and to solve these problems, one of the most recent fields in machine learning is deep learning that is based on artificial neural networks and that feature extraction is done in a hierarchical and automatic mode. In this situation, extracting the automatic feature from the expert will be eliminated and the possibility of human errors is reduced. In this work, our solution show that this approach is capable to identify encrypted traffic and surpass the accuracy achieved by almost every classical method in this area of research. We have used Deep Belief Networks and Convolutional Neural Network that can accurately identify and classification on ISCX vpn-nonvpn dataset.