Today, Iran faces several obstacles in the path of internationalizing knowledge, some of which are external and structural in nature, and others are due to internal challenges. In other words, these obstacles include economic sanctions and technological restrictions that have made access to global knowledge networks difficult. Also, inequality in diplomatic relations with great powers has placed Iran in a marginal position and made the internationalization process more complicated. However, an important part of the challenges and obstacles arise from the structure of the international system and security perceptions of Iran's role. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to examine the impact of science and technology sanctions on the process of internationalizing knowledge in Iran and to identify strategic solutions to reduce the negative effects of these sanctions. The main question is based on this: what are the structural obstacles to the internationalization of knowledge in Iran, with an emphasis on the location of sanctions and unilateral international pressures, and what impact does it have on the country's scientific development? In order to answer this question, the hypothesis has been put forward that sanctions and international pressures, through restrictions on access to resources and cooperation, disrupt the process of internationalization of knowledge and slow down Iran's scientific development. In this study, considering the use of library resources and articles and considering the collection of data in line with the theoretical framework, the research method is descriptive-analytical.

The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between emotional self-regulation and coherent self-awareness with parenting among parents of children with intellectual disabilities, considering the mediating role of resilience. The statistical population consisted of all parents of children with intellectual disabilities in Kermanshah in 2025. Cluster sampling was used to select the participants. The sample size was estimated at 315 based on 21 model parameters, with 15 participants per parameter, selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires of emotional self-regulation (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), coherent self-awareness (Ghorbani et al., 2008), parenting style (Robinson et al., 2001), and resilience (Connor & Davidson, 2003). Data analysis was performed using   26 and  martPLS3  oftware using correlation coefficient and regression methods. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the fit of the data to the conceptual model. The results showed that resilience is not only significantly affected by emotional self-regulation with a coefficient of (0.116 and p=0.035) and cohesive self-knowledge with a coefficient of (0.163 and p=0.04), but also significantly affects the parenting of parents with children with intellectual disabilities (coefficient of 0.695 and p=0.000). The results show that improving the quality of parenting is more likely to be influenced by parents' emotional or identity skills than by strengthening their resilience. Resilience is a channel that transforms emotional management and identity stability into adaptive and supportive parenting. Therefore, emotional self-regulation skills and integrated self-knowledge of parents of children with intellectual disabilities play a role in improving their parenting and adaptive behaviors both directly and through increasing resilience.

  encing the Level of Political Participation in the Naysar i Thesis Title: ghborhood

One of the challenges of post-Saddam Iraq has been the differences between the Kurdistan Regional Government and the central government of Iraq. These differences began with the drafting of the constitution and have now manifested themselves in political, economic, and geopolitical areas. The purpose of writing this thesis is to analyze the effects of these differences on the political security of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Therefore, the question has been raised: what effect have the tensions and differences between Erbil and Baghdad had on the political security of the Kurdistan Region? In this thesis, using a descriptive-analytical method and using the Copenhagen School theory, the hypothesis has been put forward that these differences have led to a series of consequences, such as the reduction of the powers of the Kurdistan Regional Government, the interference of the Iraqi central government in the political and administrative organs and institutions of the region, the independent relationship of some institutions with the Iraqi central government, and the gap between the people and the Kurdistan Regional Government, such that the Kurdistan Regional Government has reduced its powers in the field of oil and energy and the supervision of regional elections by the Iraqi Federal Court. Regarding the interference of the central government in the institutions of the Kurdistan Region, we can refer to the dissolution of the Kurdistan Regional Parliament and Provincial Council by the Federal Court. Regarding the independent relationship of institutions, we can refer to its inclusion in the 2024 Iraqi budget law and the direct relationship of the administrative institutions of Sulaymaniyah province with the central government. Regarding the gap between the people and the Kurdistan Regional Government, we can refer to demonstrations and unrest in the provinces of the Kurdistan Region.  

International sanctions, as an effective tool in foreign policy, have profound effects on various aspects of development in target countries, including economic and socio-political development. The Islamic Republic of Iran has faced various waves of sanctions since 1978, with these pressures peaking in three main periods: after the seizure of the US embassy, ??the nuclear program, and the US withdrawal from the JCPOA in 2018. This study, focusing on the period from 1980 to 2023, examines the impact of these sanctions on the main development indicators in Iran. Accordingly, the main question of this study is what effects have international sanctions had on the development process in Iran? To answer this question, the present study has attempted to first examine the impact of international sanctions on the economic development process in Iran and then to find out what effects these sanctions have had on the political and social development process in Iran. The research findings show that from the perspective of sustainable development indicators, including quality of life, environment, and poverty, sanctions have affected not only the economic aspects, but also the human and social dimensions of development, and have presented serious obstacles to the realization of sustainable development. International sanctions have also left negative and inhibiting effects on the political and social development of the country. In the field of political and social development, sanctions have significantly reduced political participation, weakened civil institutions, reduced public trust, limited the space for political action, and increased social gaps. This research analyzes the trends in Iran's political development during the sanctions period using a descriptive-analytical method and library resources. The data were collected through qualitative analysis of documents, economic and political statistics, and comparative studies. This research has also attempted to provide solutions to maintain and strengthen the trend of economic and political development under sanctions by comprehensively analyzing the effects of international sanctions.   

   Post-Cold War, the Islamic Republic of Iran has pivoted its foreign policy towards the East, seeking to forge strategic partnerships with China. This strategic shift aims to counterbalance Western influence and enhance Iran's global standing. Concurrently, China has adopted a new approach to partnerships, prioritizing nations that can offer market access, resources, and investment opportunities. Iran's substantial market has positioned it as a key partner for China. As a developing nation, Iran has prioritized its relationship with China while safeguarding its core principles. Through expanded strategic cooperation, Iran seeks to secure Chinese support in international institutions and advance its political and economic objectives. China, as an emerging global power, aims to fulfill its strategic goals, including energy security and a more prominent role in the Middle East, by deepening ties with Iran. Research findings reveal that China has established partnership agreements with over a hundred countries and regional organizations, highlighting the centrality of partnership diplomacy in its foreign policy. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that a nation's foreign policy orientation is dynamic and subject to shifts in national interests. Given Iran's geostrategic and geoeconomic significance in the Middle East and China's growing global influence, this study examines the extent to which China's actions align with Iran's regional and international objectives, considering the complexities and constraints of their bilateral relationship. The central research question is: What are the underlying motivations and objectives of Iran and China in pursuing expanded strategic cooperation? The findings suggest that Iran seeks to bolster its international standing through this partnership, while China aims to secure a reliable trading partner in the Persian Gulf region. This qualitative research employed a library-based methodology, drawing on academic literature, official documents, and online scholarly resources. The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the strategic partnership between Iran and China. Keywords: Eastward policy, Iran-China relations, bilateral relations, trading partner, strategic cooperation

   abstract The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of parental self-efficacy in the relationship between humor and perceived spouse acceptance with the parent-child relationship. The statistical population of this study were mothers who live in Kermanshah with their spouses and have at least one child aged 5 to 12. From this population, 320 people were selected as samples using the convenience sampling method and responded to the Dumka Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale (PSAM), Humor Scale (SHQ), Relational Acceptance questionnaire_partner (RAQ-P) Subscale of the Relational Acceptance Scale (RAQ), and the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (CPRS). Data analysis was performed using    23 and SmartPLS 3 software and structural equation modeling. The results obtained indicated a high fit of the model. Initially, due to the lack of significance in the correlation between the predictor variable of humor and the criterion variable of the parent-child relationship, the predictor variable of humor was not included in the structural equation modeling analysis. The coefficients of the direct paths of perceived spouse acceptance to parental self-efficacy and parental self-efficacy to the parent-child relationship, as well as the direct path of perceived acceptance of the spouse to the parent-child relationship, were positive and significant. Also, the coefficients of the indirect path of perceived spouse acceptance and the parent-child relationship through the mediator variable of parental self-efficacy were also positive and significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that by improving the level of perceived spouse acceptance, parental self-efficacy increases and, as a result, the parent-child relationship improves.    Key words: self-efficacy, parental self-efficacy, humor, acceptance, perceived spouse acceptance, parent-child relationship

   Mental retardation, as one of the major and most complex and difficult issues and problems in childhood, includes people with an IQ below 70 and maladjustment. According to the definition of mental retardation, there are two important indicators for this disorder: low speed and limitation in learning. Families of mentally disabled children are exposed to various problems, most of these problems are psychological pressure on the parents Eighty-five percent of the mothers of these children have symptoms of depression, fatigue, anger, sleep problems and decreased life satisfaction are also among their problems. . Therefore, in this research, we decided to specifically measure and compare behavioral emotion regulation among mothers of mentally retarded children with mothers of normal children. According to the design of the research, which is of a comparative causal type, 214 samples from two equal groups of mothers of mentally retarded and normal children were selected by random cluster sampling method and by means of the emotional regulation test of Krich and Garnfexi (2019). ) was measured. The data collected in   20 software was analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-way analysis of variance (MANOVA). The analysis of the results shows that there is a difference between behavioral emotion regulation, dealing with other tasks, withdrawal, seeking social support. , active coping, there is no significant difference between mothers of mentally retarded children and mothers of normal children. But there was a significant difference between the neglect of mothers of mentally retarded children and mothers of normal children.

  The formation of the international system after the Second World War led to the drawing of the structures of this system by the conquering powers after the war. After the Cold War, various countries entered the arena of the international system. After independence and freedom from colonialism, India tried to adopt the path of growth and progress. India, as one of the countries that is called as an emerging power in the present era, has a lot of potential in various fields to enter the world's top powers, this country uses new and different methods in its foreign policy and relations. It is balancing its relations with other governments and securing its national interests (national power). The main goal of this research is the strategic model that governs India's international activism and the recognition of its goals. Accordingly, the main question of this research is proposed as follows: What is the strategic goal of India's international activism? In response to this question, the hypothesis is proposed that; The strategic goals of India's international activism in the context of categories such as soft management of international crises, soft and balanced foreign policy and the introduction of political and normative values ??as well as following international rules have been able to create national power from the frameworks of international activism. In this research, an attempt has been made to use the descriptive analytical method of data processing by using library resources. Keywords: India, international relations, strategic goals, foreign policy, soft power

The aim of the current research is to identify the indicators of lack of work volition of students without work volition. The research is applied and the qualitative method is phenomenological. The statistical population of this research was all second secondary girls' schools in Kermanshah. Sampling was done in two phases. In the first phase, with the aim of identifying students who do not want to enter a job, the student version of Duffy et al.'s (2012) questionnaire of willingness to enter a job was used to identify students who do not want to enter a job, from three districts in 6 schools. It was distributed in clusters and the number of samples in the first phase was 200 students. In the second phase, 28 students who obtained less than one standard deviation were selected for interviews in a targeted way and 20 interviews were conducted, and in the last 4 interviews, information was collected. It was not achieved and reached saturation in the 16th interview. The results of the research showed that reluctance to enter a job affects not only academic progress, but also the development of personality and social interactions of people and can affect people's life path  

   It is necessary to provide career counseling based on scientific and practical principles in secondary school. In this critical period when the process of career decision-making occurs, career counseling with a scientific approach helps students to choose a career path consciously and rationally. This strengthens Employment Belifs, career planning and self-efficacy of career decision making becomes students Considering the importance of the topic, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of developmental-existential career counseling on Employment Belifs, career planning beliefs, and self-efficacy of career decision-making among immature secondary school students of Cherdavel city. Based on the fundamental principles of existential philosophy and super career development theory, a program and protocol for career training and counseling was developed, and its content validity was confirmed. The research design was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test and one-month follow-up with a control group. The studied population included all the students of the second period of secondary school in Cherdavel city in the academic year of 1401-1402. According to the entry and exit criteria, 30 people were randomly selected from the above population through the multi-stage cluster sampling method and assigned to two experimental and control groups. Each group of 15 people, the experimental group received 10 sessions of 60 minutes (two sessions per week) of career development-agricultural counseling, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this interval. The research tools included the job maturity questionnaire (Savikas and Profli, 2011), Employment Belifs questionnaire (Salehi, 2014), career planning beliefs (Brownstein-Berkowitz and Braziller, 2015), career decision-making self-efficacy (Tellier and Betts, 1983). In this research, descriptive statistics indices (prevalence, percentage, average standard deviation and standard error) and then inferential statistics indices (one-way analysis of variance with repeated measurements) were used to analyze the data. Analysis of research data was done using    version 26 software. The results of data analysis showed that between the two experimental and control groups for the variable of Employment Belifs in the post-test stage (F=5.44; P<0.05) and follow-up (F=82; P<0.001), for the variable Career planning beliefs in the post-test phase (F=7.72; P<0.01) and follow-up (F=13.72; P<0.01), for the career decision-making self-efficacy variable in the post-test phase (13. (F = 20, P < 0.001) and follow-up (F = 114, P < 0.001) and there is a significant difference, and this difference is stable over time (with a 35-day follow-up) and these changes in the follow-up phase was observed. The results of the research suggest evidence that developmental-existential career counseling is an efficient method to increase Employment Belifs, career planning beliefs, and self-efficacy in career decision-making of immature career students.

  The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of short-term solution-oriented therapy (SFBT) on the self-concept and self-expression of primary school students (second period) of Selah city. This research was a semi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test and control group And its statistical population includes the second-year male students of the elementary school of Sela city, who were selected by sampling available to 32 students and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (16) and control groups (16). To check the effectiveness of the solution-oriented treatment, the self-expression questionnaires of Gambrill and Reiji and the children's self-concept questionnaire of Pirzo Harris were used. After conducting the pre-test for both groups, 6 sessions of 90 minutes per week, solution-oriented therapy was provided as a group for the experimental group, but the group did not receive a training certificate. and the data were analyzed by covariance analysis.

  The purpose of the current research is to analyze the motivations of re-designing the career of teachers in Shahr Yar. The research is of applied type and in terms of the method of collecting mixed data (quantitative and qualitative). In the quantitative part, Slamp and Labroderick (2013) job redesign questionnaire will be used to identify teachers with career redesign motivation, and in the qualitative part, interviews will be used to analyze teachers' motivation. The statistical population of this research will include all the female teachers of Shahriar city in the academic year of 1402-1403 and it was an example of sampling in the first stage which is done by identifying the teachers, it is random that 200 open teachers will complete the questionnaire of job design.In the second stage, using   _22 software, the scores of the teachers will be calculated and those who scored higher than one standard deviation will be identified as teachers with the motivation of career redesign and they will be interviewed in depth.

   This research was conducted with the aim of explaining the causal model of happiness based on hope, quality of life, stubbornness and religious orientation in the students of Razi University of Kermanshah. The present study was a correlational-descriptive study that was conducted among 371 students of Razi University of Kermanshah in 1402 with a stratified random sampling method. Research tools included Oxford Adult Happiness Questionnaire, Allport Religious Orientation Scale, Adult Hope Scale (AHS) and Life Orientation Test (LOT). To test the model, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (ML) and Bootstrap method were used. The analyzes were done using AMOS 22 and    19 software with Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression were performed. Based on the findings and results obtained, there was a positive and significant relationship between the variables of hope and religious tenacity with happiness, but there was a negative relationship between the variable of life orientation and happiness. According to The median value of happiness was lower than the average level. According to the average value, hope showed a high level of the variable among the studied samples. The quality of life was lower than the average level, and the average scores of stubbornness and religious orientation among the studied samples were at the level The average was on the high side. In the indirect effects of the model, all the coefficients except for the coefficient of the path of hope on the feeling of happiness through the quality of life of the upper limit and the lower limit of the data of this research were positive and significant. Also, according to the analysis of the overall fitted model in the equations Structurally and with AMOS software, the overall model had good fit and the final report showed the appropriate fit of the model. Conclusion: Hope, quality of life, stubbornness and religious orientation can be considered as factors influencing happiness. key words: Happiness, hope, quality of life, stubbornness and religious orientation, students

  AbstractConsidering the vital role of teachers in education and social development, investigating the role of factors affecting their job performance is of great importance, this research aims to determine the relationship between personality traits and job burnout with the mediation of psychological flexibility and self-compassion in The teachers were done. The method of descriptive-correlational research was structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all primary teachers who were teaching in the public schools of Kermanshah in the academic year of 1401-1402. 312 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The tools used are Maslach Job Burnout Questionnaire (MBI), Short Form Personality Characteristics Questionnaire (NEO-FFI), Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (Acceptance Scale and Editing Action The second was )AAQ-II) and self-compassion questionnaire short form (SCS-SF). For data analysis, Pearson correlation statistical tests and structural equation modeling were performed with version 27 and smart pLs version 3 software. Findings showed that the relationship between personality traits and job burnout was significant; the relationship between extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness with job burnout was negative; but the relationship between neuroticism and job burnout was positive. It was also shown that the characteristics Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness personality had a positive relationship with psychological flexibility, but neuroticism had a negative relationship with psychological flexibility. The relationship between extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness personality traits with positive but neurotic self-compassion Temperament had a negative relationship with self-compassion, and openness had no relationship with self-compassion. Also, the relationship between psychological flexibility and self-compassion with job burnout was shown to be negative. The indirect effect of personality traits on teachers' job burnout was significant through psychological flexibility and self-compassion. Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that the role of positive personality traits, psychological flexibility and self compassion in reducing job burnout should be consideredKeywords: personality traits, job burnout, psychological flexibility, self-compassion, teachers

During the contemporary social-political history of Iran, we witness the emergence and role-playing of several political-social groups. Each of these groups has established different relations with the political structure according to the requirements of the time and their intellectual, social and economic backgrounds and have participated in political, social and economic developments and campaigns. One of these groups were marketers. The relationship between the construction of power and the market as a traditional economic institution in contemporary Iran is of special importance. As one of the pillars of Iranian society, the market has played an effective role throughout the past history of this land. This impact is not only because the market formed the basis of the socio-economic structure of the society of that time, but also because of its close connection with religious centers and institutions. During the second Pahlavi period, the traditional markets, in the organizational and historical alliance with the Shia clergy, tried to limit the power of the government and prevent the encroachment and threats of power into the public arena, and participated in every political-social protest movement against the authoritarian government. In such a way that the market and the scholars can be considered as two pillars of the traditional civil society of Iran; On the other hand, the government also tried to weaken, control and make the market dependent on the government by taking action to diminish the economic role of the market in Iranian society. Therefore, in this research, we intend to investigate the market and its role in the political developments of four decades after the Islamic revolution, using a descriptive-analytical method.

   Abstract Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting depression symptoms based on parenting styles with the mediation of negative affect. Method: The current research belongs to correlational designs in terms of data collection and analysis. A sample of 300 boys from middle schools of Hersin city was selected by random cluster sampling. The data of the research was collected by using the questionnaires of depression scale of adolescents Maria Kovacs (1979), parenting questionnaire of Baumrind (1972) and Atefeh Sulbakken and Monsen (2021) questionnaires, and for analysis, the path analysis method was used using    version 28 software. and Amos version 24 was used. Findings: The findings showed that parenting styles had a direct effect on depression symptoms. The authoritarian style reduced the symptoms of depression and the permissive style increased the symptoms of depression. Also, the authoritarian and permissive parenting styles had a direct effect on negative affect, the authoritarian style decreased negative affect and the permissive style increased negative affect. The most direct effect related to authoritarian parenting style on depression symptoms with a coefficient of -0.34 and a significance level of p>0.001, and the largest indirect effect related to an authoritarian parenting style through negative affect on depression with a coefficient of -0.098 and a significance level of 0.001 0> p was relevant. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that negative affect as a mediator between parenting styles and depression symptoms can explain depression in high school boys, and as a result, paying attention to this issue can lead to some recommendations. To prevent and reduce adolescent depression. Key words: parenting styles, symptoms of depression, negative affect, teenagers

Artificial intelligence is a game changer in global politics, artificial intelligence has long been a topic of discussion in scientific and academic circles and security political systems, and it has come out of the form of science fiction and has grown in the world of reality and its development in The world has deepened, artificial intelligence can have destructive as well as beneficial consequences for countries, the use of new technologies in military, economic, cultural, security-espionage and psychological warfare has been growing exponentially. And this importance can fuel the destructive effects on the regional security of the Middle East and the intensification of the competition between the powers in the region and Iraq. Also, artificial intelligence can create positive and effective consequences for the future of humanity and security in the fields related to health, hygiene, environment, welfare, etc. Based on this, it seems that just as in the current situation, various issues such as economy, culture, environment and security issues affect politics, in the future, artificial intelligence will affect all these areas; Therefore, under the influence of these changes, various social, political, economic, value, cultural, military, security and even legal aspects of our life will change.  

  The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is a regional and international organization with many capabilities and potentials, and Iran's membership in it is considered an important advantage in foreign policy. But in recent years, with the nuclear conflict and being on the FATF blacklist becoming the main issue of Iran's foreign policy, this issue has affected the national advantage and interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, it is important to address the issue that the mere membership in a regional organization as long as it is affected by security issues and other international powers cannot be considered as an expression of benefiting from all the benefits of membership. Therefore, the main question that makes the current research strategic is what effect do the nuclear case and the special financial action group have on Iran-Shanghai relations? The hypothesis that is designed and evaluated using the combination of historical analytical-descriptive method is that; It seems that under various regional and international conditions and factors, Iran has tended towards Shanghai in order to benefit from geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic interests. However, benefiting from the benefits of membership for Iran in Shanghai, affected by the nuclear conflict, the special financial action group, and in other words, it faces a kind of limitation created by the institution-based order. Therefore, the purpose of the present study; Analyzing the consequences of the nuclear case and the special financial action group on Iran-Shanghai relations is within the framework of neoliberal institutionalism.

   After the Islamic revolution, the middle >     

   The victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1357 is considered an important break in the history of Iran. Iranians passed through the revolution to a new discourse that had distinct characteristics compared to the previous discourse. In the first decade of the revolution, due to the emotional atmosphere of the society and the presence of the charismatic personality of Imam Khomeini (RA), discussions revolved around revolution and war. But after the end of the war and the death of the Imam, important changes occurred in the political and social arenas, the most important of which were the change in the power structure due to the revision of the constitution, post-war economic requirements, Iran's new conditions in the international system, and social changes. In his presidency, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani tried to make extensive changes in the economic and political arena and revive the country, which was in trouble due to the war with Iraq and its inevitable requirements. Due to the change in the political position of the presidency after the revision, as the fourth president of Iran with higher authority than his previous counterparts, he was able to put the discourse of construction on the agenda and implement a type of development model in Iran. In the contemporary history of Iran, political and social underdevelopment has always been accompanied by many ups and downs. Sometimes we have come close to development and justice and other times we have moved away from it. Political development is a phenomenon whose impact on the socio-political life of the world today, especially in developing societies, cannot be denied. In the process of realizing political development, various factors play a role, among them, the government, as the largest and most important political institution of the society, plays an important role. In the current research, we have raised the question, what obstacles and challenges did the growth of development and justice face during the presidency of Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani? It seems that, in addition to the general culture of the Iranian society, there have been serious obstacles and challenges to the growth of development and justice during the period of Mr. Hashemi Rafsanjani. To answer the question and prove his hypothesis, the author has used a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach.

 Abstract The aim of the present study is to identify the causes of lack of academic involvement of Afghan immigrant girl students in elementary school. The research is of applied type and in terms of data collection, quantitative and qualitative methods have been used. In the quantitative part, Rio and Tseng's (2011) academic involvement questionnaire was used to identify immigrant students who have low academic involvement, and in the qualitative part, an unstructured in-depth interview was used to identify the reasons for the lack of academic involvement of Afghan immigrant students. The statistical population of this research is all female Afghan immigrant students in the elementary school of Saujblag city. The sampling method in this research was multi-stage cluster sampling in the first stage and purposive sampling in the second stage. In this way, in the first stage of sampling, which aims to identify primary schools where a large number of immigrant students are studying, 4 schools were identified. 127 people who had low academic involvement were selected and the questionnaires were distributed among them. And in the second step, using spss software, the scores of the participants were calculated, and the students whose scores were one standard deviation lower than the average were identified, and their number was 26. An in-depth unstructured interview was conducted with ten people, and no new information was obtained in the last two interviews, and the data reached saturation. After examining the data obtained from the research and coding the data of each group in three stages of open, central and selective coding, a total of 73 concepts were identified in relation to identifying the causes of academic non-engagement of Afghan immigrant students, which were categorized into 31 categories and Finally, they were classified in the form of 3 indicators of academic non-engagement, including personal-individual deficiencies, socio-economic deficiencies, and educational deficiencies. The results of the research showed that these indicators have been effective in the lack of academic involvement of Afghan immigrant girl students.

Abstract The Islamic Revolution of Iran was the greatest political event of the second half of the 20th century, with the united uprising and all-round unity of the Iranian people to overthrow the Pahlavi tyranny and replace the Islamic Republic and implement Islamic laws and regulations in all aspects of their lives under the leadership and guidance of the Imam. Khomeini (RA) won on 22 February 1357. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, many obstacles and problems arose from the enemies of this system, including the assassination of efficient personalities and creating disruptions in its various parts. They did not stop hitting it. Among these obstacles are all kinds of economic sanctions from the United States and European powers to the assassination of the country's great scientists and cultural invasion and leading street riots in Iran; However, the Islamic Revolution of Iran has continued on its path of excellence and pursued its goals and ideals with double seriousness. However, Iran's Islamic Revolution has faced obstacles, damages and challenges on its way, and at the same time, it has many capacities and opportunities that with proper management and planning, threats can be turned into opportunities for preservation and continuity. transformed the Islamic revolution and set a positive and bright future for the Islamic revolution. This research is trying to answer the basic question that according to the statements of Ayatollah Khamenei and the increasing developments of the international community and its impact on the values, goals and ideals of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the future of this revolution from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei What possible situations will Allah Khamenei face? In the present study, the ideals and goals of the Islamic Revolution of Iran are examined first, and then the threats and challenges, as well as the capacities and opportunities of the Islamic Revolution from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei, are explained and investigated. In this research, an attempt has been made to determine what the future of the Islamic Revolution will be like from Ayatollah Khamenei's point of view, and secondly, how the Islamic Revolution will be able to protect its ideals and fundamental goals against various domestic, foreign and international threats and challenges. and use the available opportunities and capacities to maintain and expand their values ??and ideals. The research method in this research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and the research findings were obtained by library collection method. According to the results obtained from this research, from Ayatollah Khamenei's point of view, in relation to the international environment and the changes caused by globalization, not only has there been no disruption in the Islamic Revolution of Iran, but valuable opportunities have been placed in front of it. And in the face of cultural invasion and the efforts of foreign media, as well as internal challenges and threats, the Islamic revolution did not falter or weaken, and with the i  iration of the original goals, ideals and slogans of Islam, it persevered in front of the arrogant people of the world and went on the path of growth and excellence. has continued; Of course, it should be noted that moving away from the original goals and principles of Islam can endanger the future of the Islamic Revolution. In this context, special attention should be paid to internal convergence, effective participation of people in political affairs, as well as challenging and threatening factors.    Keywords: the future of the Islamic Revolution, Ayatollah Khamenei, pathology of the Islamic Revolution, threats of the Islamic Revolution, opportunities of the Islamic Revolution      

حيات اجتماعي در عرصههاي زنانه، گاه افقهاي روشن و متعالي را به خود ديده و از زن، الههها و سمبلهايي آزاديبخش وكنشگرانه ارائه نموده و گاه زن در هيئت كاال و بردهاي زرخريد و بياختيار در خدمت جامعهي مردساالر قرارگرفته است. به همين سياق، زنانگي در بين اقوام مختلف، فرهنگهاي گوناگون و جغرافيايي متفاوت، به اشكال متمايزي ظهور يافته است. زندگي اجتماعي زنان ايالمي، عامليت آنها در ميدان عمل و چگونگي احاطهي ساختار قدرت بر آنها، همگي حكايت از تجربهي متفاوت و منحصر به بافت اجتماعي جامعهي كنوني ايالم دارد. اين پژوهش با بهرهگيري از رويكرد تبارشناسانه نشان ميدهد كه سوبژكتيويتههاي منحصر به زن ايالمي، محصولي دمدستي نيست، بلكه چالشي است عميق و ريشهدار، كه باگذر زمان، در اثر ارادهي دولت براي بازسازي جامعه و بروز تغيير و تحوالت تاريخي-اجتماعي شكل گرفته است. سنخشناسي اين تحوالت و طبقهبندي هويتهاي زنانه، در بازه تاريخي1300تا 1400 بر اساس نقاط عطف تاريخي طبقه بندي شده است. اسناد موجود براي تأييد اين تحوالت از طريق مراجعه به اسناد و مدارك تاريخي موجود در آرشيو كتابخانهي ملي، كتابخانهي مجلس شوراي اسالمي و تاالر پژوهش كتابخانه ملي بدست آمده است. همچنين، جهت درك بهتر روايت زنان ايالمي و همپوشي جامع علمي، با تعدادي از زنان جغرافياي مورد مطالعه، مصاحبه به عمل آمده است. بنابر نتايج اين پژوهش، اسكان عشاير، اجراي طرح توسعه روستايي، انجام طرح اصالحات ارضي، اعزام سپاهيان دانش، گسترس مراكز درماني، تأسيس جادهها و راههاي ارتباطي، فعاليت احزاب سياسي، توسعه نظام اداري، جنگ و توسعه نظام آموزش عالي از جمله رخدادهاي مؤثر تاريخي بوده اند كه زمينهساز تغيير زنانگي زنان ايالمي گرديده و سوبژكتيويتهي خاص آنان را بهوجود آورده است. تحوالت تاريخي اجتماعي در ابتدا سبب حصر در مكان زنان ايالمي شد و به شكلگيري زنانگيهايي از نوع هژمونيك، بروكراتيك، مطالبهگر و جسورانه منجر گرديد. واژگان كليدي: سوبژكتيويته، زنانگي، عامليت، بازسازي جامعه، زنان استان ايالم، دولت.   

Central Asia is a vast land in the continent of Asia, which is usually considered to include the countries left over from the former Soviet Union, and includes the countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, as well as Afghanistan, which has geostrategic, geopolitical, geoeconomic and The geoculture of these countries at the regional level caused the attention and competition of regional and extra-regional powers to take advantage of the potentials of this region. In the meantime, the importance of this region for Iran and Israel as two actors with interests can be considered. The purpose of this research is to examine the reasons for the importance of Central Asia as a field for Iran and Israel's rivalry. This research was done with analytical-descriptive method. The information obtained from the research was obtained using the document-library approach. During this research, the role of Central Asia in Israel and Iran was investigated, and finally, its opportunities and challenges were examined in Iran.   

بعـد از فروپاشـي اتحـاد شـوروي، اهميت ژئوپليتيك، ژئواستراتژيك و ژئوكالچر منطقه آسياي مركزي موجبـات پويـايي هـايي در مـنطقه مـزبور شد به گونه اي كه نه‌ تنها‌ محل رقابـت قـدرتهـاي منطقـه اي شـد بلكـه رقابـت قدرتهاي خارجي در سطح منطقه اي و دودستگي آنها را جهت حمايت قدرتهاي كوچـك تر منطقه به دنبال داشت . در اين ميان‌ كـشور‌ هـاي ايران و تركيه تحت تاثير موقعيت خاص ايـن   منطقه سياست هايي را در منطقه در پيش گرفتند كه در سياست خارجي آنها نمود پيدا كرد. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر بررسي و تحليل ژئوپولتيكي سياست هاي ايران و تركيه در آسياي مركزي مي باشد. يافته هاي اين پژوهش نشان مي دهد؛ ظاهر امـر نـشان مي دهد كه ايران در ابتداي استقلال اين جمهـوري ها نفوذ بيشتري را‌ در‌ منطقه‌ آسياي مركزي داشته است ، ولي‌ با‌ گذشت‌ زمان و تقويت حضـور تركيـه نقـش ايران كمرنگ تر شده است .

  ummary Purpose: The purpose of the present study was the role of self-differentiation, academic optimism and emotional intelligence in predicting cognitive flexibility with the mediation of family emotional climate in second year high school students in Kermanshah. Research methodology: The current research method was correlational. The statistical population of this research included all the second year high school students of Kermanshah city in the academic year of 1401-1400 in the number of 370 people who were selected as available. In order to collect data from self-differentiation questionnaires (DSI-SH), academic optimism questionnaire (Schennen-Moran et al.; 2013), emotional intelligence scale of Shot et al. (1998), cognitive flexibility questionnaire of Dennis and Vander Waal (2010) (CFI) , Hillburn Family Emotional Atmosphere Questionnaire was used. The collected data were analyzed by    and AMOS software and using Pearson correlation statistical method and structural equation model. Findings: The findings showed that self-differentiation has an effect on cognitive flexibility at the level of (P<0.01); Academic optimism has an effect on cognitive flexibility at the level of (P<0.01); Academic optimism is able to predict cognitive flexibility in students through the mediation of family emotional atmosphere; Emotional intelligence has an effect on cognitive flexibility at the level of (P<0.01); Emotional intelligence is able to predict cognitive flexibility in students through the mediation of the emotional atmosphere of the family. Conclusion: Considering that adapting to school is one of the dimensions of health and needs more attention, it is suggested to provide specialized programs in the field of self-differentiation, emotional intelligence and academic optimism and the emotional atmosphere of the family in school programs. The research work on these variables subsequently improves the cognitive flexibility of students. Keywords: self-differentiation, academic optimism, emotional intelligence, cognitive flexibility, emotional atmosphere of the family, students

   Abstract: New information and communication technologies of the present age, especially virtual social networks, are one of the concerns of families and the social system. These technologies, while in many cases facilitating, improving and enhancing human life, but its harmful consequences for families are always problematic. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of family counselors regarding the effects of virtual social networks on the family. Method: The method used in this research is qualitative and grounded theory and its technique for investigating the present subject is a semi-structured interview. The sampling method was available and the sample size was 8 family counselors. It should be noted that in the fifth interview, the data were saturated, but for more certainty, three other people (a total of 8 people) were interviewed. Data analysis was performed by open, axial and selective coding methods. In identifying the effects of virtual social networks on the family, eight categories were extracted, which are: Parent-child relationships, marital relationships, different influences according to the period of life (childhood, adolescence and youth), feelings and emotions, physical health, dissemination of culture, economy, religious beliefs and convictions. Findings: The higher the awareness for the use of social networks and the use of it in a planned and correct way, its effects are positive and if it is vice versa, the effects of networks tend to be negative. Results: The results of this study show that virtual social networks affect the family. Most of the impact of virtual networks on the family is negative from the perspective of counselors. Keywords: Family Counselors, Virtual Social Networks, Family   

  The purpose of this study is to study the phenomenon of female suicide in Holeilan city usinga qualitative method. To achieve this, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 women andgirls who had attempted suicide or a woman who had attempted suicide. The theoretical basisof this research is a look at two theories, one is Durkheim's suicide theory; By claiming thatfemale suicide is a narrative of fateful suicide, and another is Giddens's view of the impact ofmodernity on the socialization of individuals and the formation of their identity. According tothe findings of this study, factors such as the emergence of the media, the development ofschools and universities and the growth and development of suburban tra  ortation on theone hand, and the spread of factors such as family disputes, forced marriages, domesticviolence, divorce, slander, supervision Maximum and mandatory coverage have had asignificant impact on the formation and increase of suicide. Keywords: Suicide, Women,Holeilan, Patriarchy, Identity

The political behavior of Iranians, at least in the contemporary history of Iran, has been analyzed by domestic thinkers and sociologists, politicians and journalists, both domestic and foreign. In this way, we have always tried to answer a few questions. That; To what extent has tyranny been involved in shaping the political behavior of Iranians today? Is the extremism that is seen in some aspects of Iranians' behavior also manifested in their political behaviors? And what place have the elites and the elite society played in shaping the political behavior of our country? And what are the causes of secrecy, hypocrisy and distrust of others in Iranian political culture? From the perspective of political culture, the most destructive result of tyranny is that it lowers self-confidence (self-confidence), trust in others and trust in the government to its lowest level and prevents constructive, group and collective interaction. Tyranny inclines people inward and tries to take shortcuts by justifying harsh external conditions and, in fact, to deceive. Since human nature tends towards truth and truthfulness and seeks the truth, so hypocrisy, distrust and secrecy are considered disgusting and condemned. These characteristics are one of the behavioral pests that have undesirable social consequences and consequences; For example, some experts consider one of the biggest consequences of this issue to be the loss of social trust between individuals, organizations and people, or between people and government. In this study, we tried to address this behavior of Iranians and the causes of secrecy, hypocrisy and distrust of others in Iranian political culture (from Qajar to the present). Keywords: Behavior, Political, Iranians, Sociologists, Politicians

  that threatens the health and well-being of the individual and society and its prevalence among adolescents is common as one of the vulnerable groups. Behaviors that negatively affect adolescents' general growth and well-being, or prevent them from succeeding, as well as their future growth, are called high risky behaviors. Most studies confirm that environmental and family factors are associated with high-risk behaviors, but the aspect that seems to be less considered is personality and internal factors, so the aim of this study was to predict adolescents' high-risk behaviors based on Alexitymia and The Three Dark Traits of Personality mediated by Perceived Strees. For this purpose, a sample of 352 male and female high school students in Bukan city was selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Students replied to scales of Alexitymia,   The Three Dark Traits of Personality, Perceived Strees , and adolescent high-risk behaviors. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there are positive and significant relationships between The Alexitymia and high-risk behaviors, Three Dark Traits and high-risk behaviors. Perceived stress also has a significant effect on adolescents' high-risk behaviors. The mediating role of perceived stress in the relationship between The Alexitymia and dark personality traits with high-risk behaviors was also confirmed; so Alexitymia and The Three Dark Traits of Personality predict more risky behaviors during perceived negative stre   Therefore, paying attention to these variables and trying to reduce the negative emotions affected by them can be effective in preventing and reducing high-risk behaviors. Keywords: High Risk Behaviors, The Alexitymia, The Three Dark Personality Traits, Perceived Stress, Adolescents

   In the present study, using the descriptive-analytical method, the nature of the international system from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei has been studied and analyzed in order to analyze the characteristics of this system and its actors, especially the tools and methods of these actors in exercising domination have been evaluated and analyzed. Also, investigating the problems and vulnerabilities of the international system from the perspective of the leadership of the Islamic Republic, is another important concern of this study, which has been tried to be examined by re-reading their speeches and policies. Finally, the other purpose of this dissertation was to find out what strategies and policies Ayatollah Khamenei has proposed and presented in relation to the way of exploiting the weaknesses and vulnerabilities of the domination system. Accordingly, the main question of the present study has been: What are the principles of Ayatollah Khamenei's strategy towards the nature of the international system? In this regard, the research hypothesis was formulated that Ayatollah Khamenei's strategy towards the nature of the international system is based on the hegemonic nature of this system and the exploitation of its internal weaknesses, with emphasizing the vulnerabilities of the domination system, and the necessity of disclosure of the nature of this system. In this study, after examining and analyzing a large part of the statements of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution regarding the international system and its nature, it was concluded that Ayatollah Khamenei, emphasizing the hegemonic nature of the main actors of the international system, In his numerous statements, he divided the members of this system into three categories: hegemonists, domineering, and anti-hegemonists. He has described many examples of the tyranny and injustice of the domination system against other nations and tried to reveal the arrogant and domineering face of the main actors of this system to other nations and governments. In his view, the domination system is faced with many internal contradictions and conflicts regarding human rights, women's rights, democracy and freedom, terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, the Palestinian cause, support for the Israeli occupiers, respect for minority rights, support for non-democratic regimes, and the issue of moral and spiritual crises in Western society; In particular, they severely challenge the intellectual and theoretical foundations of this system and promise the final collapse of this system from within.   

   Political economy as a broad concept has changed over time . one of the issues in this field is the issues of oil , oil revenues and its relationship with foreign policy . in fact , the relationship between political and economic issue there is a closeness. For this reason , the oil economy is affected by political power. While it is necessary to strike a balance betwen the political and economic spheres , other wise the consequences and problems will increase , so that the authority of the government will increase and negative effects and consquences will be created in the economy. Accordingly . in the islamic republic of iran , there is no balance between these to spheres. as a result of which domestic strategies and foreign policy of khatami and ahmadinejad governments are different. therefor , the main issue of the research is that , what is effect of oil revenues have on the foreign policy model of the islamic republic of iran during the khatami and ahmadinejad administrations ? it seeme that oil revenues to have influenced the formation of a pattern of interaction and conflict the foreign policy of the islamic republic of iran during the khatami and ahmadinejad administrations.in this article, according to the collection of information and collection of sources such as , book , article , magazine ,internet site , the analytical – descriptive method has been used.

  The South Caucasus region is one of the most important areas for the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is effective in its developments, in different dimensions, providing part of the interests and even national security of the country. At the same time, the area is the scene of Western powers, Russia, Turkey and Iran and the conflicts of the two countries of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia, which should also be added to the presence of the Zionist regime. The differences between Azerbaijan and Armenia are rooted in the era of the Soviet Union and even Russian tsarist and separating from the land of Iran, and in parts of the tribal and areas around it, Armenians consider it their own and Azeri parts of the Republic of Azerbaijan. At the time of the Soviet Union, according to the decision of the central government, the area, most of which was the Armenian region, was an autonomous region, but part of the structure of the Republic of Azerbaijan. This research has been prepared for the variables determining the formation of foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the face of the Karabakh crisis. The rooting of this issue is important that the Islamic Republic of Iran is bound bound with two countries of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia, and due to the huge Azeri-language population and Armenian minority inside Iran, this controversy can make passive consequences for the Islamic Republic of Iran Associated with. Altogether, foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is directly influenced by this conflict and Iran's position has also been resolved by disputes through diplomacy and direct talks between the parties involvement. This research is trying to use a descriptive method and the use of library resources in content analysis, which question is that the variables determining the formation of foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the face of the Karabakh's crisis? The findings of the research show that the national security and national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran are far from religious and ideological considerations, including the factors that determine the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the face of the Karabakh crisis.

Translation typesText translationSource text341 / 5000Translation resultsShariatiAs an intellectual and social activist and in order to eliminate social and political disordersIslamic societies introduced the concept of returning to Islam as an ideology. In his view, there is no traditional understanding of IslamSolve the problems among Muslims today; Rather, it is the ideological reading of religion thatIt is able to solve the problems and backwardness of Islamic societies.

AbstractObjective: Political development, according to itimportance and function, is related to various fields and issues such aseconomy, national security, culture, legitimacy, globalization, etc., each ofwhich can provide problems for a government. In fact, the discussion ofpolitical development and the need to resolve crises in its path is one of thetopics that has occupied the minds of government men and scholars of social andtheorists focus on One of these theorists is Lucien Pie, who discusses the fivepolitical sciences. In discussing the field of political development, famouscrises in the political development of societies, which is the basis of thePahlavi regime and provided the necessary grounds for public dissatisfactionpresent study. The present dissertation seeks to find out how the five crisesover political development revealed the inefficiency and weakness of thewith it and, ultimately, its overthrow.Method: In this research, the research method isdescriptive-analytical and causal research. The method of data collection inthis research is library and documentary. The tools and methods used in thisresearch are library resources and books, dissertations and articles related tothe research topic and available documents.Conclusion: The existence of social and cultural gaps inthe second Pahlavi period had paved the way for political development, and atthe same time with the emergence of political development crises, theseand management by the Pahlavi regime not only did not solve the problems relatedproblems led to the accumulation of development crises. The lack of planningof political underdevelopment in Iran that resulted in excessive separation ofto the crises of political development, but also created a situation in termsunder the leadership of Imam Khomeini.society from the government. Finally, the Islamic Revolution was formed in 1978  :Keywords.Political Development, Crisis, Pahlavi Regime

   Abstract: The concept of social capital has gained a prominent place in political, economic and social studies in recent decades and has been regarded as a key to resolving many social problems. Therefore, experts and analysts have devised and worked out ways to create and enhance this capital, which is important in the context of other capital, such as human capital and economic capital, and more. Identify and reduce what causes the weakening and erosion of this capital. The present study also attempts to analyze the impact of corruption on the amount of social capital. So the main question of this study is how can corruption affect social capital? The hypothesis tested in answering this question is that corruption reduces capital by undermining citizens' trust and diminishing their social participation in a set of civil society networks. Socializing. Keywords: Corruption, Social Capital, Social Trust, Social Participation, Social Networks.

Abstract   Many factors can affect attitudes to marriage. The present study was conducted to predict attitudes toward marriage based on Family emotional atmosphere, attachment styles,   health of the original family   and   Integrative Self   -   Knowledge   in female students. The research was descriptive and correlational in terms of purpose. The statistical population consisted of all female students of Razi University in the school year of 1997-98. Using voluntary sampling method, 361 students were selected as the sample size. In order to collect data from Marital Attitude Scale (MAS), Hill Burn Family Affective Questionnaire (BFECQ), Attachment Styles Questionnaire (RASS1990), Core Family Health Scale (FOS) and Cognitive Self-Identity Scale (ISK) used. In addition to descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation), Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used for data analysis. Results showed that Family emotional atmosphere, attachment styles, health of the original family and Integrative Self - Knowledge have significant relationship with attitudes to marriage. Stepwise regression results also revealed that cohesive Integrative Self - Knowledge, Family emotional atmosphere and secure attachment style were able to predict marriage attitudes significantly. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of   the role of cohesive se   Integrative Self - Knowledge, Family emotional atmosphere   and secure attachment style in predicting attitudes toward marriage.Key word: Attitude toward Marriage,   Family emotional atmosphere, Attachment Styles,   The health of the original family , Integrative Self - Knowledge , Girl Students  

  At the some time with the formation of Arab political- social movement in the contries of middle East and arabian middle East wich is called Arab spiring. Syirian crisis began in 2011. In this crisis political- ideological currents were born with the support of regional players. And the main players and directors of this crisis are include the Salafi-Takfiri currents. Given this important.The reaserch analyzie why diversity the variety of Salafi-Takfiri currants in Syrian crisis. It is in about to answer this question that what are the reasons of growth variety of   Salafi-Takfiri currants in Syrian crisis? The present reaserch hypothesizes is the causes of variation of currents   i   Syrian crisis is powerfull willing. To reach this goal, present reaserch withuse of discourse analysis method why this issue is being examined. By using this method, this reaserch method has a genealogy the role of power in realization of historical and human turts. Of salafi- takfiri discourse and try to examin. The relation between knowledge/power in on episteme. With the poleontlogys genology of Salafi-Takfiris discourse formation and the proposition of this discourse and it is breakdown and unravels it form other Islamic discourse. According to the realtion between knowledge/power in on episteme of Salafi-Takfiris discourse the reason for the variety of these flowe in Syrian crisis is to earn and seize power. The approach in this study is discourse analyzie and style of data collecting is of librarium.

  This study aims at determining the strategic positions of the United States of America to the Syrian crisis based on the analytical approach of "strategic ambiguity" is. Strategic ambiguity is a foreign policy for security environments where the confrontation between the great powers does not seem very likely. On this basis, the strategic ambiguity is a paradoxical sense, as a state with superior penetration and to maintain stability in a critical situation is chasing This duality and contradiction of this on is that the crisis under normal circumstances, includes measures such as reducing and minimizing ambiguity by clarifying and identifying the means and ways to achieve a better result in order to change the status quo and Management crisis In this study, the United States of Americas strategic position on the Syrian crisis be analyzed. Garlic and the Syrian crisis suggests that in parallel with the deepening and spread of the crisis, Americas policy of strategic ambiguity device approach to foreign policy under President Barack Obama, Direct intervention and aggressive strategies during the presidency of Donald Trump, has evolved.The main questions the study seeks to explain how it is that the United States of America has adopted what position toward Syrian crisis? The hypothesis that will be evaluated as follows: It turns out "approach to foreign policy of the United States of America to the Syrian crisis has been accompanied by a strategic ambiguity". The method in this research is descriptive analysis and data collection is the library.

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    Abstract:After the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet UnionType text or a website address or translate a document.Cancel  a issue was clear to everyone and that is security not Summarized only to military dimension. In here scientists paid to redefine of security and its dimensions. One of the security dimensions in new form related to environmental topics. Environment has branches and various dimensions including soil, forest, and air and so on. Including this dimensions that will be named as the modern problem of humanity and underlie of future wars is «water shortage ». The aim of this study was to identify one of the most fundamental challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran in the 21st century the " water shortage " and then examine the role of this situation at the national security in Iran in order to analyze the data to understand why the importance of water shortage. The water shortage in the world today that is whatever reason has a feature and that water is not merely an economic good to resolving the daily needs and can take form of security. Nowadays water shortage is a global phenomenon and concerns for most countries have created. In here the main research question is that what is the impact of the water shortage on national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran?And probable responses researcher that the water shortage has the ability of threatening the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.  Keywords: Environmental crisis, water crisis, national security, Copenhagen School, the Islamic Republic of Iran.