بيماري آلزايمر يك بيماري تحليل‌برنده عصبي است و اصلي‌ترين علت زوال عقل (دمانس) در سراسر جهان به شمار مي‌رود. تا به امروز درمان‌هاي موجود براي اين بيماري محدود هستند. يكي از دلايل اين محدوديت، دشواري در درك كامل علل بروز بيماري و همچنين وجود سد خوني–مغزي است، كه يك مرز نيمه‌تراوا بوده و از ورود مولكول‌هاي محلول به سيستم عصبي مركزي جلوگيري مي‌كند. بنابراين، نياز به بررسي رويكردهاي جديد براي هدف‌گيري دارو به سمت مغز وجود دارد. با وجود محدوديت‌ها و موانع يادشده، تحقيقات در زمينه? انتقال دارو از مسير بيني به مغز به توسعه? پلتفرم‌هاي اميدبخشي منجر شده است كه از پتانسيل بالايي براي بهبود قابل توجه رسانش دارو به مغز برخوردارند. اين موفقيت از طريق هدف‌گيري مسيرهاي خاص بيني، بر اساس ويژگي‌هاي مولكول دارو و سيستم دارورساني، حاصل شده و رسانش مؤثر دارو به بخش‌هاي مختلف مغز را امكان‌پذير كرده است. بررسي اين حوزه? مطالعاتي مي‌تواند به توسعه? سامانه‌هاي جديدتر و كارآمدتري بينجامد كه درمان بيماري‌هاي CNS را به‌طور چشمگيري بهبود مي‌دهند. در حال حاضر، مهاركننده‌هاي آنزيم استيل‌كولين‌استراز تأييدشده توسط سازمان غذا و داروي آمريكا براي درمان بيماري آلزايمر شامل donepezil (Dnp)، Rivastigmine (Rv) و galantamine (GLn) هستند. شواهد حاصل از مطالعات حيواني نشان مي‌دهد كه Rv در نواحي قشر مغز و هيپوكامپ، كه بيشترين تأثير را از بيماري آلزايمر مي‌پذيرند، مهاركننده? قوي‌تري نسبت به ساير AChEIs است. در سال‌هاي اخير، نانوذرات كه قادر به انتقال مولكول‌ها از سد خوني–مغزي هستند مورد توجه فراوان قرار گرفته‌اند و رويكردي اميدبخش براي رسانش هدفمند دارو به مغز محسوب مي‌شوند. در اين مطالعه، هدف بر آن است كه  نانوذرات كيتوسان اصلاح‌شده با آرژنين و سيستئين  را براي  تجويز داخل‌بيني ريواستيگمين  در درمان علامتي بيماري آلزايمر سنتز و شناسايي كنيم. نانوذرات مزاياي خاصي براي دارورساني بيني دارند؛ به دليل اندازه كوچك، نسبت سطح به حجم بالا و توانايي عبور مؤثر از لايه مخاط، اگر به‌خوبي طراحي شوند، مي‌توانند از سد مخاطي عبور كنند، از پاك شدن مخاطي جلوگيري كنند و زمان ماندگاري دارو در محل جذب را افزايش دهند، كه شانس انتقال به مغز را بالا مي‌برد. در اين زمينه،  كيتوسان  به‌عنوان پليمر پايه جذاب انتخاب شده است به دليل ويژگي‌هايي مانند زيست‌سازگاري عالي، زيست ‌تجزيه ‌پذيري، خواص مخاط ‌چسبي، سميت پايين و توانايي در باز كردن موقت اتصالات محكم بين سلول‌هاي اپيتليال. براي تقويت بيشتر چسبندگي مخاطي و نفوذپذيري، كيتوسان را به‌صورت شيميايي با  آرژنين و سيستئين  اصلاح كرديم؛ آرژنين گروه‌هاي كاتيوني اضافي فراهم مي‌كند كه تعامل الكترواستاتيكي با مخاط منفي بيني را تقويت مي‌كند، در حالي كه سيستئين گروه‌هاي تيول معرفي مي‌كند كه قادر به تشكيل پيوند دي‌سولفيدي با گليكوپروتئين‌هاي مخاط هستند و در نتيجه زمان ماندگاري و نفوذ از اپي‌تليوم بيني را بهبود مي‌بخشند. براي تأييد اتصال موفق آمينواسيدها به اسكلت كيتوسان، آزمون‌ها و تكنيك‌هاي مشخصه ‌يابي مختلف به ‌كار گرفته شدند، سپس بهينه‌سازي پارامترهاي فرمولاسيون و بررسي الگوي رهايش دارو از نانوذرات اصلاح‌شده انجام گرديد. انتظار مي‌رود اين سامانه نانوذره‌اي كيتوسان اصلاح‌شده با آرژنين و سيستئين به‌عنوان يك حامل كارآمد و زيست‌سازگار براي تجويز داخل ‌بيني ريواستيگمين عمل كند و زيست‌دسترس‌پذيري و اثربخشي درماني آن را در درمان علامتي بيماري آلزايمر بهبود دهد، و همچنين باعث  كاهش عوارض جانبي ريواستيگمين  شود، با امكان استفاده از  دوزهاي درماني پايين‌تر، هدف‌گيري بهتر به مغز و كاهش توزيع سيستميك.

   A ternary nickel(II) complex, [Ni(GFS)(Phen)(H2O)]Cl, was synthesized using guaifenesin (GFS) as a tridentate ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) as a co-ligand. The product was obtained in good yield and characterized by elemental analysis, UV–vis, FT-IR, and molar conductivity, which confirmed its formulation and coordination pattern. The binding properties of the complex toward calf-thymus DNA (ct-DNA) were explored through multi-spectroscopic techniques including UV–vis absorption, competitive fluorescence displacement, circular dichroism (CD), and viscosity measurements, supported by molecular docking. The results indicated a spontaneous interaction with binding constants on the order of 103 M-1, involving both intercalative and minor-groove binding modes (partial intercalation). Docking simulations revealed stabilizing hydrogen bonds and electrostatic contacts with B-DNA, accompanied by spectral and viscosity changes consistent with perturbation of the DNA helix. Cytotoxic effects were assessed in vitro against AGS gastric and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The Ni(II) complex reduced cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner, with the highest inhibition observed at 640 µg mL-1 after 72 h. Antioxidant potential was confirmed by DPPH radical-scavenging assays, where the complex displayed stronger activity than guaifenesin alone. The interaction of the complex with human serum albumin (HSA) was also examined via UV–vis, fluorescence quenching, site-marker displacement, CD spectroscopy, and docking studies. The data showed effective binding accompanied by minor conformational changes of HSA. Overall, the synthesized [Ni(GFS)(Phen)(H2O)]Cl complex demonstrated significant DNA-binding affinity, antioxidant activity, and anticancer potential, alongside measurable protein-binding interactions, highlighting its promise for further biomedical investigation.

  This work reports the synthesis, characterization, andbiological evaluation of two zinc(II) complexes derived from the Schiff base ligand 2-[N-(2-hydroxyethylammonio-ethyl)imino methyl]phenol (HAIP). The ligand provides O and N donor sites, enabling the formation of stable coordination frameworks with zinc(II). Two halide complexes, [Zn(HAIP)Br?] and [Zn(HAIP)Cl?], were synthesized and studied for their antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities. The DPPH assay revealed concentration-dependent radical scavenging, with [Zn(HAIP)Cl?] exhibiting slightly higher activity (84.26 ± 1.69% at 400 µg/mL) than [Zn(HAIP)Br?] (80.06 ± 2.21% at 400 µg/mL). Both complexes showed significant dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity against gastric (AGS) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines, with [Zn(HAIP)Cl?] reducing viability to 18.78 ± 1.63% (AGS) and 20.33 ± 0.47% (PC-3) at 400 µg/mL after 72 h. Antibacterial studies indicated that [Zn(HAIP)Cl?] inhibited Escherichia coli (14.83 ± 0.23 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus

      Treatment due to the limitations and side effects of organic drugs, the synthesis of metal complexes, that is, drugs based on metal has been given much attention and many successes have been achieved in this field. In this study, an Fe(III) complex of guaifenesin ligand (GFS) and 1, 10-phenanthroline ligand was synthesized and identified. The interaction between the metal complex of GFS with ct-DNA at pH 7.4 was investigated. According to the UV-vis spectra and comparison of the binding constants it was concluded that the complex can be interacted stronger in cancer cells media and low toxicity was observed in healthy cells. The results of circular dichroism (CD) showed groove binding mode. The interaction of the metal complex and the ligand with HAS was investigated by spectrofluorimety at three different temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated using the Van?t Hoff equation, and   ?H° and ?S° are positive which indicates that the interaction of Fe(III) complex with HSA is the hydrophobic. According to the results of CD the interaction between the metal complex of Fe(III) of GFS and HSA occurs and the percentage of alpha helix increases. It should be noted that during the interaction of HSA with Fe(III) metal complex of GFS, the secondary structure of HSA is stabilized.

  Due to the limitations and side effects of organic drugs, the synthesis of metal complexes, that is, drugs based on metal and organic ligands, has received much attention and many successes have been achieved in this field. In this study, the platinum (II) complex (4-carboxy-,2-:2-,6-terpyridine) was synthesized and characterized. The interaction between the metal complex (4-carboxy,2-:2-,6-terpyridine) with DNA-ct at pH 7.4 and pH 6.2 was investigated. According to the UV-vis spectrum and the comparison of the binding constants, it was found that this complex can interact more strongly in cancer cell environments and has little toxicity in healthy cells. Considering the results of the circular dichroism (CD), the groove binding mode was proposed. Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the most important plasma proteins that plays a fundamental role in the tra  ort of drugs to target sites. The interaction of the metal ligand complex with HSA was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy in four Different temperatures were investigated. The results showed that the quenching constant increases with increasing temperature, but the value of ??? is more than

Abstract Metals haveunique properties that include oxidation and reduction activity, variablecoordination states, and reactivity toward organic substrates. Metals aretunable due to their reactivity under normal conditions. Coordination complexesas drugs or prodrugs become very attractive probes as potential anticanceragents. Azithromycin complex has been made with various metals, but here weused copper (II) as a biocompatible metal and its complex was made withazithromycin and identified by FT-IR, UV and elemental analysis. Theinteraction of the desired complex with DNA and HSA was done with the help ofspectroscopic methods, circular dichroism (CD) and molecular docking. By calculating the binding constants and we came to the conclusion that the mechanism of fluorescence quenching in the interaction of DNA with Cu(II)complex of azithromycin is done through static and the binding mode will bethrough the groove, and in the case of HSA, the fluorescence quenching isthrough static and binding site is done through site I located in subdomainIIA. Also, the evaluation of thermodynamic parameters    and  in connection with DNA and HSA showed that thebinding of the complex with DNA and HSA is exothermic and takes placespontaneously.Keywords: Azithromycin; Copper(II); DNA interaction; HSA interaction; Spectroscopic methods; moleculardocking; Fluorescence quenching.   

Bilirubin BR a bile pigment is present in human serum in two different forms unconjugated bilirubin Bu and conjugated bilirubin BC the clinical significance of the bilirubin determination plays a major role in diagnosis prediction and treatment of hemolytic disorders in both adult and Infants. BR, a breakdown product of hemoglobin, is a remarkable marker for the diagnosis of hemolytic disorders. Low BR concentration in the blood is caused by a high risk of coronary heart disease and iron deficiency and high level leads to hyperbilirubinemia, so it’s important to find easy, inexpensive, and sensitive methods to determine a percentage of BR. There are many methods to determine BR, one of them is the “Fluorometric method” which possesses several appealing features, including low cost, easy preparation and fast response which could hold great potential for diagnostics applications. BR acts as a bichromophoric molecule. This feature accounts for the variability of BR absorption and fluorescence properties and for inter chromophore exciton energy transfer events, depending on the concentration of the molecule and its microenvironment in solution, and on the wavelength of interrogating light cost effective fluorescent Nano- sensor was developed for the early and easy detection of hyperbilirubinemia. Fluorescent copper nanoclusters due to their fast surface oxidation may cause a challenge to prepare it. However, it also has properties such as low cost. But it’s also had some properties such as, their low cost, good water solubility and wide availability of precursor become an active research area, copper nanocluster has excellent fluorescent properties that paved the way to development of new sensors complexed with chitosan as a stabilized factor of copper nanoclusters and to trace the presence of BR. The emission spectra were recorded in the wavelength range of 300 to 500 nm upon excitation at 330 nm. The present sensing strategy has appealing features, including low cost, easy preparation and fast response which could hold great potential for biological and clinical diagnostics applications. Numerous nano materials capable of emitting fluorescent light, have been developed for biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery for biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery. These include nanocluster, silica-based materials, nanoparticles, quantum dots QDs . So, the second sensor is Carbon quantum dots CQDs (typical size <10nm). That is prepared by hydrothermal carbonization and uses curcumin with citric acid and thiourea to produce these carbon quantum dots. So, such as new curcumin has limitations in clinical studies because of its stability, low water solubility, and adsorption. So, to improve the properties of curcumin and use nanostructured material carriers and to enhance Curcumin availability. This sensor is very selective to determine BR and very sensitive.  

   In this work, nanocomposite hydrogels containing CsMe, PVA, ZnO-   were prepared as wound dressing.The purpose of this research is to investigate the performance of ZnO-   in the wound healing process and compare it with ZnO ontinment in the wound healing process. In vivo studies demonstrated that the group treated with hydrogel containing ZnO-   (0.5%) caused faster wound healing compare to the other group. In the group treated with ZnO ointment, The results showed that wound healing using ZnO in the form of nanoparticles is better than using ZnO ointment

In this study, a complex of nickel(II) containingazithromycin drug was synthesized and identified by FT-IR andelemental analysis. The interaction of the complex with biomacromolecules wasinvestigated by UV-vis, fluorescenceand CD spectroscopic methods. The results of UV-visspectroscopy of the interaction of this complex with DNA showed decrease in absorption intensity at 260 nm withoutsignificant red shift or blue shift and confirmed the interaction of thiscomplex with DNA. Also, according to the calculated binding constant, thepossibility of main groove connection is high. In addition to confirming theinteraction, the circular dichroism study was done and showed groove binding.The interactions between Ni(II) complex and itsligand with HSA also was studied. The results of UV-vis spectroscopy clearlyshowed that the intensity of band at 280 nm decrease by addition the complex toHAS.   Fluorescence spectroscopic data ofHSA with nickel(II) complex containing azithromycin and calculations showed theprobability of new complex formation and static quenching mechanism wassuggested. The thermodynamic data obtained showed that there is morepossibility of hydrophobic forces between HSA and this complex.   The Competitive site marker fluorescenceexperiments with ibuprofen and warfarin showed that the nickel(II) complex ismore likely bind to site (II) instead of ibuprofen.   The change of HSA structure due tointeraction with nickel(II) complex was investigated by CD spectroscopy, and itwas found that the ?- helixpercentage of this structure increases due to this interaction.   All experimental results were evaluated andconfirmed by molecular docking technique.  

  Due to the limitations and side effects of organic drugs, the synthesis of metal complexes, that is, drugs based on metal and organic ligands, has been given much attention and many successes have been achieved in this field.   In this study, an iron(III) metal complex of azithromycin in molar ratio (2:1) was synthesized and identified by using FT-IR and elemental analysis. The interaction between the metal complex of azithromycin with CT-DNA in (pH :7.4) and at (pH :6.2) was investigated. A according to the UV-vis spectra and comparison of the binding constants it was concluded that the complex can be interacted stronger in cancer cells media and low toxicity was observed in healthy cells. According to the results of Circular Dichroism (CD) groove binding mode was suggested. Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the most important plasma proteins that plays an essential role in tra  orting drugs to their target sites. The interaction of the metal complex and the drug with HSA was investigated by spectrofluorimety at four different temperatures. The results showed that the quenching constant increased with increasing temperature, but the value of Kq is greater than the maximum calculated value (2× Lmol-1s-1), which according to the UV spectra a static shutdown quenching mechanism was suggested. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated and according to the parameters obtained from the Van Hoff equation, ?H° and ?S° are positive which indicates that, that the interaction of iron(III) complex with HSA is the hydrophobic. According to the results of CD the interaction between the metal complex of iron(III) of azithromycin and HSA occurs and the percentage of alpha helix increases. It should be noted that during the interaction of HSA with iron(III) metal complex of azithromycin, the secondary structure of HSA is stabilized.  

     This study is focused on generating single-phase maghemite (?-Fe2O3) using an environmentally conscious approach involving Echinophora platyloba DC. (E. platyloba) extract, followed by a silica coating. Subsequently, the ?-Fe2O3@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles (?-Fe2O3@SiO2 M  ) are functionalized with the antiviral medication "penciclovir (PNV)." The primary aim is to create a versatile therapeutic agent capable of showcasing potential in both anticancer and antiviral applications. Confirmation of the creation of ?-Fe2O3@SiO2 M   incorporating the penciclovir drug (referred to as ?-Fe2O3@SiO2-PNV M  ) was substantiated through a comprehensive array of analytical techniques, encompassing FT-IR, VSM, XRD, zeta potential measurements, TEM, SEM-EDX, DLS, and ultraviolet-visible analysis. The assessment of cytotoxicity revealed that ?-Fe2O3@SiO2-PNV M   exhibited lower toxicity towards normal cells (Fibroblast) in comparison to cancerous cells (MCF-7). The incorporation of PNV onto ?-Fe2O3@SiO2 M   resulted in a significant augmentation of PNV's anticancer and biological effects. To assess the therapeutic potential of ?-Fe2O3@SiO2-PNV M  , their interactions with nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) were investigated through absorption and fluorescence studies. Analysis of fluorescence spectra and UV-visible absorption data demonstrated a robust interaction between ?-Fe2O3@SiO2-PNV M   and nucleic acids. These findings underscore the considerable binding affinity of ?-Fe2O3@SiO2-PNV M   towards these biological targets, indicating their promising candidacy as a targeted and specific chemotherapeutic agent.

  Anorganoplatinum(IV) complex containing diorganotinchloride; [PtMe2(SnMe2Cl)Cl(4,4?-Me2bpy)]was synthesized and varieties of techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy,fluorescence, CD, andmolecular docking were used to examine its interaction with calf thymus DNA invitro. the binding constant for DNA interaction was2.8×104 M-1, which, as compared to known bindingconstants, supports a groove-complex binding mechanism. In fluorometricstudies, evaluating the value of Kq indicate static quenchingmechanism and the values of ?H and ?G indicate that the reaction is endothermicand spontaneous. In addition, since ?H > 0 and ?S > 0, there is ahydrophobic reaction relationship between these two compounds. CD spectra ofDNA revealed no significant change in the intensity of both its negative andpositive bands. As the largestprotein in the blood vessel system, human serum albumin (HSA) regulates manychemical compounds and molecules' tra  ort, the interaction between humanserum albumin with different concentration of the complex [PtMe2(SnMe2Cl)Cl(4,4?-Me2bpy)]was investigated by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence, CD, and moleculardocking techniques. A reduction in intrinsicfluorescence of the protein can be observed in the presence of this complex andthe data showed that the interaction mechanism is static. Thermodynamic data, enthalpy(-125.1 kJmol-1) and entropy (-334.7 Jmol-1K-1)indicate hydrogen bond and van der waals force are the main forces. The UV-Visspectrum shows that HSA conformation changes when the complex Pt(IV) is bound toit, and the CD spectrum shows changes in its alpha helical structure after its interaction.In addition, in order to detect the junction of the complex based on thejunction constant kb at room temperature, it was concluded that thecomplex is attached to site II based on the values obtained from the junctionconstant kb.

   In this study, new binuclear cobalt(II) complex with the composition of [Co(II)(pydc)(µ-pydc)Co(II)(H2O)5].2H2O, (PYDC=pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate) have been synthesized by a new method. The complex was characterised by spectroscopic studies, X-ray diffraction techniques. A binuclear Co(II) complex which exhibits an extended hydrogen bonding network. The coordination environment around Co(II) is distorted octahedral with the cationic portion of 5a centrosymmetric complex with the center of inversion lying on Co(II). There are two crystallographically independent Co(II). This compound consists of asymmetric dimeric units with independent Co(1)/Co(2) centers. The cationic part is formed by a six-coordinate Co(2) with distorted octahedral geometry filled by five terminal waters and one -carboxylate O2 from the anionic portion of the compound. The anionic moiety comprises a distorted octahedral Co(1) with two deprotonated carboxylate moieties as tridentate chelates. The binding interactions of the complex with Calf thymus-deoxyribonucleic acid (ct-DNA) and human serum albumin (HSA) have been investigated using absorption and emission spectral techniques. HSA binding interaction studies showed that the binuclear Co(II) complex can quenh the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through static quenching process. In that interaction mechanism, it was proved that the fluorescence quenching of HSA by Co(II) complex is a result of the formation of Co(II) complex–HSA association. The ct-DNA binding properties and competitive fluorescence experiment with Hoechst 33258 and methylene blue dye indicated that, this complex binds to ct-DNA through a partial intercalation and groove mode and the binding constant value was calculated using the absorption and emission spectral data. The binding constant value (~10 × 106 mol dm-3) indicate strong binding of metal complex with ct-DNA. The thermodynamic parameters ?G, ?H, and ?S for all interactions at different temperatures (278, 298 and 310 K) were calculated, and the negative value for ?H and ?S indicated that the hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions play major roles in Co(II) complex-HSA adduct, while the negative ?H and positive ?S values indicated that electrostatic interactions play main roles in the binding of Co(II) complex to DNA. According to the thermodynamic data, the formation of the Co(II) complex-DNA complex is enthalpy favored while it is entropy disfavored. From the docking calculation for Co(II) complex–HSA, the best docking energy result is picked up from the 16 minimum energy conformers from the 500 runs. The Co(II) complex is located within the binding pocket of site 1 (subdomains IIA). From the docking calculation for Co(II) complex–HSA adduct, The obtained results confirm the role of both intercalation and groove binding in the interaction and the experiments results accuracy.    Keywords

سرطان بيماري است كه در آن سلول هاي بدن به طور غير عادي تقسيم مي شوند و بافت هاي سالم اطراف را نابود مي كنند. تا كنون علت دقيق سرطان مشخص نشده است ولي احتمال دارد عوامل ژنتيكي علل اصلي بروز سرطان باشد. اغلب رخدادهاي كه منجر به بروز فنوتيپ هاي سرطاني مي شوند. تحت كنترل ژنتيك قرار دارند .سنتز و شناسايي كمپلكس هاي فلزي با ليگاند هاي بزرگ حلقه يا حلقه باز هدف بسياري از تحقيقات در سال هاي اخير بوده است. براي درمان سرطان از روش هاي گوناگون استفاده مي شود كه يكي از اين روش هاي درمان با استفاده از داروها مي باشد. در سال هاي اخير بررسي خواص ضد سرطاني بسياري از داروهاي جديد سنتز شده از عناصر فلزي توجه بسياري از بيوشيميدان هاي معدني را به خود جلب كرده است. كشف خواص ضد سرطاني سيس پلاتين آغازگر گسترش بررسي اين دسته از داروها تلقي مي شود وجود معايبي از جمله پايداري و سميت بالاي اين دارو نياز به تغيير ليگاند و بررسي كمپلكس هاي فلزي زيست سازگار را ضروري كرده است. ساختار و خصوصيات پيوند و رفتار مغناطيسي مس(II) مورد توجه شيميدان هاي معدني قرار گرفته است. مس(II) بهترين سيستم براي بررسي تعامل مغناطيسي بين مراكز فلزي هستند و دليل ن ها ساختار الكترونيكي   d9است. شيمي تركيبات به ويژه آنهايي كه شامل اتم دهنده N هتروسيكليك هستند اخيرا مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند ،از جمله اتانول آمين و اسيد پيكولينيك كه كاربردهاي بيشماري دارند .اسيد پيكولينيك و دي اتانول آمين نقش هاي مهمي در فرآيندهاي بيولوژيكي دارند وبراي فعاليت هاي ضد سرطاني مورد استفاده قرار مي گيرند.اخيرا نشان داده شده درمان بااسيد پيكولينيك رشد سلول ها را مختل كرده و چرخه ي سلولي را متوقف مي كند. اسيد پيكولينيك همچنين تحريك مرگ سلولي برنامه ريزي شده در سلول هاي سرطاني و به طور موثر در پيشرفت HIV در شرايط آزمايشگاهي را مختل مي كند . كمپلكس هاي 10و11 توانايي اتصال بهDNA   دارند و مشاهده شده كه بين ليگاندهاي كمپلكس و جفت بازهاي DNA اتصال ?-? وجود دارد . مس حاوي ليگاند دي پيكولينات اسيد نسبتآ ساختار گونه هستند و از لحاظ مغناطيسي يك گروه مناسب براي سيستم هاي كربوكسيكلاتي به شمار مي آيند كه وزن مولكولي پاييني دارند. درميان تركيبات كربوكسيلات كه شامل اتم دهنده هتروسيكليك,2-پيكولينات(پيريدين-2كربوكسيكليك اسيد,Hpic-2 (كه شامل هر دو اتم N وO دهنده قوي هستند كه علاقه خاصي به اين گروه ها وجود دارد. ليگاند اتانول آمين ها پتانسيل بسيار خوبي براي توليد تنوع مولكولي دارند. كمپلكس مس (II)همراه با ليگاند اتانول آمين براي مشخص كردن ساختار هترو فلزي و به ويژه مغناطيس تك مولكولي غير هسته اي استفاده كرديم. اتانول آمين داراي ويژگي هاي نوري جالب هستند .[18] اتانول آمين ها طبقه اي از مولكول هاي آلي كه شامل گروه آمين والكل هستند.گروه آمين از درجه ي اول (مونو اتانول آمين) و از درجه ي دوم (دي اتانول آمين) و از درجه ي سوم (تري اتانول آمين) باشد نشانگر واكنش پذيري و هماهنگي آمين ها مي باشد. ماهيت دوتايي اتانول آمين ها آن ها را قادر مي سازد كه كاربردهاي تجاري زيادي مانند جلوگيري از خوردگي, پاك سازي گاز, علف كش ها و به عنوان ماده اي عليه سرطان از آن استفاده شده است.[اتانول آمين ها ليگاندهاي چند كاره هستند كه به آساني به شكل گيري تركيبات هماهنگ با بيشتر يون هاي فلزي كمك مي كند و نقشي به عنوان ليگاندهاي   و Oدهنده ايفا مي كند. ك اتاليز مس(II) با ساليسيليدن 2-اتانول آمين داراي تاثيرمثبت هنگام استفاده از آنها در واكنش هاي اكسيداسيون الفين ها وتخريب ليگينين بوده .

   The binding interactions between Cu(II) complex with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated using absorption, emission. Moreover, the interaction of Cu(II) complex with HSA were investigated using absorption, emission. For DNA interaction absorption spectra of Cu(II) complex showed hypochromisms. In fluorimeteric studies, the binding mode of Met and its Cu(II) complex with DNA were studied using Hoechst 33258 and MB as a fluorescence prob, respectively. As an evidence by quenching fluorescence of Hoechst-DNA solution in the presense of increasing amounts of complex, the drug is able to displace the Hoechst 33258 groove binder into DNA completely as to indicate groove binding. The Cu (II) complex can bind with DNA–MB complex and forms a new non fluorescence adduct. Finally all results indicated that Cu(II) complex interact with DNA via groove binding mode and binding affinity of the drug is stronger than that of its cooper complex.   HSA interaction with Cu(II) complex cause changes in UV spectra and indicate the formation of an adducts of HSA-Cu (II) complex cause changes in protein conformation. Fluorescence studies showed that the HSA fluorescence intensity was quenched by dynamic quenching and both dynamic and static mechanism for the Cu(II) complex.

The interaction of zinc complex (cis-2-((2-((2-hydroxyethyl)aminoethylamino)benzene-1-ol) dibromo zinc(II)) with calf-thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and Human Serum Albumin (HSA) has been studied by using various spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking. The results of fluorescence and UV-vis absorption showed that the complex interacted with ct-DNA via groove binding mode. The fluorimetric investigations indicated that the reaction between the mentioned complex and ct-DNA is exothermic. The changes in the Circular Dichroism spectroscopy (CD) of DNA in the presence of increasing amounts of the complex showed stabilization of the right-handed B form of ct-DNA. Furthermore, the docking results showed that hydrogen bond played an important role in the binding of zinc complex to DNA. In addition, the interaction of zinc complex with HSA was investigated. The results showed that the HSA fluorescence was quenched by zinc complex through static quenching. In addition, the presence of hydrogen bond and van der Waals force was confirmed due to thermodynamic parameters. The molecular docking was used to simulate and predict the binding site of zinc complex to albumin and to authenticate experimental results.

  To control the corrosion rate of temporarymagnesium (alloy AZ31) implants, we used Polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer nanofibers in the presence of curcumin (Cur), which has anti-inflammatory and anti-infection properties. We produced PCL, PCL-Cur, and Sodium Alginate (SA), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer coatings, which SA-PVA was used as an undercoat to increase adhesion, using a simple and cost-effective electrospinning technique. We used drug release, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Contact Angle (CA) tests, to examine the properties of the produced fibers, and we found out that the produced fibers have continuous strands in nanoscale dimensions, and the presence of Cur had no effect on PCL fiber morphology, and only it increased fiber adhesion slightly. We used weight measurement tests, pH measurement, SEM, Polarization, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to evaluate the effect of different polymeric coatings on the surface of Mg metal. Finally, we found that the PCL-Cur hydrophobic polymer coating had the best function during the study period in the simulated body fluid (SBF).

  Human serum albumin nanoparticles as an effective exemestane drug delivery system to treat breast cancer: preparation and analysis

  In the present investigation, two highly water soluble iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles coated with a layer of silica and different drugs were synthesized and their interaction with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and human serum albumin (HSA) were studied. The iron oxide MNPs   were synthesized via chemical co-precipitation and then coated by silica based on sol-gel method. Then, the obtained Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs were functionalized with riboflavin and zidovudine drug. Based FT-IR data, the crystalline phase of iron oxide MNPs was identified to be magnetite(Fe3O4). FT-IR analysis indicated that the Fe3O4 MNPs were successfully coated with SiO2 and riboflavin and zidovudine drug (Fe3O4@SiO2 RF-AZT). On TEM images, the morphology of Fe3O4@SiO2-RF-AZT MNPs was found to be spherical, showing a uniform size distribution with an average diameter of 30 nm. Zeta’s size and potential was measured. Riboflavin and zidovudine coating on Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs   was intended to achieve water-soluble Fe3O4@SiO2-RF-AZT with and anticancer activities. The cytotoxic and anticancer activities of riboflavin and zidovudine drug and the Fe3O4@SiO2-RF-AZT   against MCF-7 cancer cells and inhibition activity of these compounds on were also reported. We also measured the TGA for MNPs. The in vitro interaction of Fe3O4@SiO2-RF-AZT with calf thymus DNA was studied by UV-vis, fluorescence and CD techniques and viscometery. The results showed that the interaction of MNPs   with DNA is intercalative mode. And the interactions of Fe3O4@SiO2-RF-AZT MNPs   with HSA was studied. The fluorescence spectra of native HSA at different temperatures showed that has been formed between Fe3O4@SiO2-RF-AZT MNPs and HSA via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. Also, the results of CD and UV-vis spectra showed that the secondary structure of HSA was changed by Fe3O4@SiO2-RF-AZT MNPs  .

ABSTRACTBiosensors research is a rapid growing field in which tens of hundreds of papers have been published over the years; even more numerous biosensors have been developed for detection of biomolecules among them the phenolic compounds. In such, catechol which reacts with appropriate enzymatic bioreceptor like 3?-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3?-HSD). the aim in this project is to build up a novel electrochemical biosensing electrode for the determination of cholic acid by covalent immobilization of 3?-HSD on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by the mixture of carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH), titanium dioxide (TiO2) in chitosan splution.   In order to achieve this aim, we examined the immobilized enzyme in electrochemical biosensor. The fabrication process of the sensing surface was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical results showed that 3?-HSD was immobilized onto modified glassy carbon electrode by the covalent interaction between 3?-HSD and terminal functional groups of the MWCNT-COOH. The modified electrode showed a direct electron transfer reaction between 3?-HSD and the electrode. Under optimum conditions, the biosensor showed a linear response in the range of 7 - 43 nM. The limit of detection was calculated to be 5.9 nM with a correlation coefficient of 0.96 and the sensitivity was 900 A L mol?1 for biosensor.

  Abstract    In this study, we have focused on the fabrication and characterizations of three kinds of amino acid- modified chitosan (CS) nanoparticles structured by graft reaction with amino acid [L-alanine (Ala), L-asparagine (Asn) and L-tryptophan (Trp)]. It provides a condensed source of new insights and an improved understanding of the role of pH values of release medium on the percentage of cumulative release in advancing drug delivery. The structure of nanoparticles was elucidated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The shape, morphology, and mean particle size were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanoparticles effectively surrounded a hydrophobic model drug such as silymarin (Sly) and demonstrated different encapsulation efficiencies (EE), loading capacities (LC), and controlled drug release profiles depending on drug concentration, medium pH and type of amino acids. At pH 5, drug concentration has no effect on the LC of Sly-loaded Asn-nanoparticles while EE was increased with increasing the drug concentration, nonetheless at physiological pH (7.4), drug concentration did not affect the release rate and at high pH (9), EE was decreased with increasing drug concentration in all types of nanocarrier. The profile of cumulative release indicated that it was affected by the type of amino acids, medium pH and drug concentration. In addition, the interactions between hydrophobic moiety of nanoparticles and the hydrophobic drug have great effect on the release behavior. The affinity between the drug and the nanocarrier may contribute to the main mechanism determining drug release.

Serum Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood circulatory system. Its main duty determinant of plasma oncotic pressure. According to Crystal structure analysis of Human Serum Albumin (HSA) has revealed that it consist of a 585 amino acid residue and its orders three homologous domains (I–III) that each one divided into subdomains A and B. HSA has an extraordinary ligand-binding capacity, making a depot and carrier for many endogenous and exogenous ligands. As for capable HSA of binding to a wide variety of drugs. Thiazide-type diuretics are a first-line therapeutic for patients suffering from hypertension Hydrochlorothiazide is one of these that developed and introduced for more than 50 years. This study was designed to examine the interaction of Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) as a ligand with Human Serum Albumin (HSA) under physiological conditions .To this aim, we are using different biophysical techniques such as UV-vis absorption, circular dichroism (CD), FT-IR Spectroscopy and also fluorescence spectroscopic methods to investigate the binding HCTZ.The results of fluorescence titration revealed that the HCTZ strongly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through a dynamic quenching mechanism. Binding constants ( ) and the number of binding sites were calculated by using Stern-Volmer equations. Subsequently, the values of   and   were also calculated, which revealed that the positive enthalpy and entropy values of the interaction of HCTZ and HSA indicate that the hydrophobic interactions played a major role in drug binding process. Computations of the protein surface hydrophobicity (PSH) index by using 1-anilinonaphtalene-8-sulfonate (ANS), also indicated an increased in PSH value upon drug binding. The binding site has been identified by using Warfarin and Ibuprofen as site marker. Also Molecular Docking results indicated HCTZ   is placed at subdomain IIA. The results of study far- and near-UV CD experiments showed some variations in the secondary and tertiary structures of protein upon ligation. Also the results of FTIR illustratived that the drug interacted with HSA and induced a partial compactness in the secondary structure of protein. The results identified by the FTIR are in good agreement with CD spectra.

. In an effort to improve cancer treatment, are provide new drug delivery systems. In this system a certain amount of drug is sent into the cell using a suitable carrier. Carbon nanotubes divide to two categories such as Single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Due to unique properties such as high electrical conductivity and high mechanical strength are used in various branches of science. Size, geometry and surface properties of these structures including high surface area to volume ratio, has made them good candidates for using the nanoparticles as drug delivery systems.The goal of this thesis is to study the properties of carbon nanotubes as drug delivery carriers, which have been studied in two parts such as diffusion flow of drug molecules inside single-walled carbon nanotubes and adsorption of drugs on the outer surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.According to empty spaces of inside of carbon nanotubes to encapsulate medicines, carbon nanotubes can be use as carriers for drug delivery. In this study theoretically have been investigated diffusion flow of anti cancer medicines (i.e Carmustine(1), Lomustine(2), Ifosfamide(3), Azathioprine(4), Gemcitabine(5), Procarbazine(6) and Methotrexate(7)) through single-wall Armchair (10, 10) carbon nanotubes. While the dynamic flow is done with the nanometer-scale analogue of macroscopic scale fluid flow through pipes. The selected method to optimize the selected anti cancer medicines (1-7) was Semiempricial/PM6 and molecular mechanic method (MMFF 94) to optimize the selected nanotube. Different aspects were considered and discussed.In notice to surface properties of carbon nanotubes, in the second part, theoretically and experimentally have been investigated adsorption of anti-cancer medicines on the outer surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Each of the molecules were calculated and optimized by Semiempricial/PM6. Layers of nanotubes separately were optimized by molecular mechanic method. Then were evaluated, calcelated and optimized the different modes of medicine on carbon nanotubes and were calculated the best position by using the calculation and comparing of stable energy and this method were reapeated for all medicines.Also, experimentally were evaluated Encapsulation efficiencies (EE), loading capacities (LC), and release profiles of Azathioprine and Methotrexate medicinesadsorbed on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were also evaluated using dialysis bag diffusion technique.There was a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results