Introduction and Purpose: Poor cervical control is a common musculoskeletal problem among students, arising from lifestyle changes, prolonged sitting, excessive mobile phone use, and reduced physical activity. This disorder can negatively affect balance, athletic performance, and movement quality. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) exercises and the Thrower’s Ten program on dynamic and static balance, landing mechanics, lower-limb movement variables, jumping performance, cervical proprioception, deep cervical muscle strength, and cervical range of motion in female students with poor cervical control. Methods: This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design. The statistical population consisted of 45 female students with poor cervical control who were randomly assigned to three groups: Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization exercises (n = 15), Thrower’s Ten exercises (n = 15), and a control group (n = 15). The training protocols were performed for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. Research variables were assessed using the following tools: dynamic balance with the Y Balance Test, static balance with the Romberg Test, landing mechanics with the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS), movement performance indices with single-leg hop, triple hop, crossover hop, and 6-second hop tests, cervical range of motion using an inclinometer, cervical proprioception using an inclinometer, and cervical control weakness using a Pressure Biofeedback Unit. Pre-tests were conducted 24 hours before the start of the training program, and post-tests were performed one day after the completion of the intervention. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and paired t-tests at a significance level of P < 0.05, utilizing    software version 26. Results: The findings of the present study showed significant improvements in dynamic and static balance, landing mechanics, cervical range of motion, cervical proprioception, and functional performance following both Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization and Thrower’s Ten training protocols. However, no significant differences were observed in the control group. In some variables, the Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization protocol demonstrated superior effects. Conclusion: Based on the findings, both Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization and Thrower’s Ten exercises can improve balance, lower-limb movement quality, proprioception and strength of deep cervical muscles, and cervical range of motion in students with poor cervical control. These exercises can be considered effective approaches in preventive and rehabilitation programs. Keywords: Poor cervical control; Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization; Thrower’s Ten; Dynamic balance.

Endurance-based exhaustive activities induce widespread fatigue in the neuromuscular system and significant alterations in psychological indices, leading to impaired balance, reduced concentration, and increased perception of fatigue in athletes. In recent years, the use of sports mouth rinses has gained attention as a rapid-acting and non-invasive intervention, as they can influence psychological and motor performance without entering the bloodstream by stimulating oral receptors and activating central neural pathways. The present study aimed to compare the effects of two types of mouth rinses—caffeine and caffeine–carbohydrate—on balance and psychological factors following exhaustive endurance exercise in male athletes. In this study, 20 healthy and physically active men aged 18 to 30 years with a body mass index between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m² were evaluated under three different intervention conditions—caffeine mouth rinse, caffeine–carbohydrate mouth rinse, and a control (placebo) condition—after performing an exhaustive endurance exercise. Static and dynamic balance, as well as psychological indices including perceived fatigue, arousal, and concentration, were measured before and after the intervention. The results indicated that both types of mouth rinses led to relative improvements in certain psychological and balance-related variables; however, the combined caffeine–carbohydrate mouth rinse demonstrated a stronger effect than caffeine mouth rinse alone in improving some indices. These findings suggest that the use of active mouth rinses, particularly the combined type, may serve as an effective strategy to mitigate the negative effects of endurance-related fatigue and enhance the psychological and balance status of athletes.

   Abstract Introduction: Sports performance is influenced by several physical, physiological, and psychological factors. In the field of sports, there has always been a search for performance-enhancing techniques. Most research has focused on the muscles, lungs, and heart. As a result, the importance of the brain in regulating sports performance has received less attention. Many studies have shown that the brain plays a key role in the development of fatigue and, consequently, influences sports performance. The mechanisms responsible for fatigue may be central or peripheral. The high demands placed on athletes by coaches to improve performance have increased interest in enhancing performance using new approaches. The use of techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or post-activation potentiation (PAP) protocols has become a popular topic in sports science, based on observations that they may benefit sports performance. Therefore, the researchers in the present study sought to determine the acute effects of tDCS and PAP on functional, cognitive, and perceptual parameters in trained women.    Methods: In this study, 12 trained female athletes who met the inclusion criteria participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. In a preliminary session, after subjects were introduced to the research procedures and their anthropometric characteristics were measured, their one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the barbell squat was assessed. One week later, subjects were randomly exposed to five different conditions across five separate sessions, with one week between sessions: 1) M1 anodal tDCS, 2) Sham stimulation, 3) PAP protocol, 4) PAP + tDCS, and 5) tDCS + PAP. In each session, resting blood pressure and heart rate were first measured, followed by the Stroop test and a choice reaction time test. Immediately after completing each experimental condition, the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), pleasure, arousal, pain, heart rate, and blood pressure were recorded. The choice reaction time and Stroop tests were then repeated. Subsequently, subjects performed the lower-body Wingate anaerobic test, and the results were recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA with    27 software. Results: The data showed no significant differences in the changes in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, peak power, mean power, reaction time, pain, arousal, or RPE following the interventions (P > 0.05). For the RPE variable, the overall difference between conditions was significant; however, post-hoc tests with appropriate correction did not reveal significant pairwise differences between specific conditions (P > 0.05). For inhibitory control, the results indicated significant improvements in the tDCS and PAP+tDCS conditions (P ? 0.05). Conclusion: In general, the results of the present study suggest that acute tDCS improves the functional parameter of the fatigue index and the cognitive parameter of inhibitory control in trained women. Similarly, the combination of PAP + tDCS also improves inhibitory control. However, the PAP intervention alone did not have a significant effect on any of the variables measured. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.    Keywords: transcranial direct current stimulation, post-activation potentiation, Wingate, Stroop, fatigue

   The overall objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting the impact of female athletes on the success of national sports champions and to identify the effective factors. Based on the objectives of this study, the research method was qualitative and content analysis. The method of collecting the required information was semi-guided interviews. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts knowledgeable in the subject such as news in the field of sports management, sports sociology, sports media people, and athletes. Since identifying and accessing qualified interviewees is difficult, each person who is interviewed is asked to introduce another qualified person, which will be the statistical sample in a snowball method. The interviews are combined (in-person, virtual, and telephone calls), and theoretical saturation will be the quality criterion of the samples studied. The method of conducting this study was qualitative and content analysis. To conduct the research, after designing general questions and developing an interview protocol, in-depth and semi-structured interviews are conducted with experts.   The statistical population in the study was experts knowledgeable about the subject, such as experts in the field of sports management, sports sociology, sports media people, and athletes. The snowball sampling method was used. In the snowball method, the people who are interviewed are asked to introduce other people who are in a similar situation and can provide more information, and they are also interviewed. Using semi-guided interviews with the samples, this process continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The sample was between 12 and 15 sports experts and the criterion for reaching theoretical saturation in this field. The data collection tool in the qualitative method was semi-guided interviews to collect information. The interviews were conducted in a mixed format (face-to-face, virtual, and telephone calls). Qualitative software was used to analyze the information obtained from the research.    Keywords: female athletes, sports elites, success, Pattern

  Investigating the Relationship

   Abstract Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition in children and is frequently accompanied by deficits in motor proficiency and behavioral self-regulation. Impairments in fine and gross motor skills, reduced motor coordination, and elevated behavioral symptoms are well documented in children with ADHD. Previous research suggests that motor-based interventions and vitamin D supplementation may enhance neuromuscular functioning and behavioral outcomes. The present study aimed to examine the effects of play therapy based on the Ball School approach, vitamin D supplementation, and their combination on motor proficiency and behavioral symptom severity in girls aged 10–12 years with ADHD. Research Method: This semi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest design with a control group. After screening using the ADHD-RS(DSM-5) and clinical confirmation, 60 girls with ADHD were randomly assigned to four groups: play therapy, vitamin D supplementation, combined intervention (play therapy + vitamin D), and control. Interventions were administered for eight weeks. Motor proficiency was assessed using the BOTMP-2 (total, fine, and gross motor scores), and behavioral symptoms were evaluated using the ADHD-RS(DSM-5). Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and MANCOVA while controlling for pretest scores. Results: The type of intervention had a significant effect on total motor proficiency, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, and ADHD-RS(DSM-5) behavioral symptoms (p < 0.001). All three interventions demonstrated significant improvements compared with the control group. The combined intervention showed the greatest overall improvements in motor proficiency; however, its superiority over the single interventions was not consistently significant across all variables. For behavioral symptoms ADHD-RS(DSM-5), all interventions produced comparable reductions in symptom severity with no significant differences among the three treatment groups. Conclusion: The findings indicate that play therapy, vitamin D supplementation, and their combination are effective in enhancing motor proficiency and reducing ADHD-related behavioral symptoms in children. The combined intervention appears to offer added benefits in some motor domains, supporting a multidimensional approach to rehabilitation. Integrating structured motor activities with nutritional support may provide an efficient and practical strategy for improving functional outcomes in children with ADHD. Keywords: ADHD; Motor proficiency; Play therapy; Ball School; Vitamin D; BOTMP-2; ADHD-RS(DSM-5); Children

  This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of AI studies in sports sciences from the Scopus database, emphasizes the importance of using AI in sports sciences, provides data for future research, highlights the need for AI applications in all sports fields in line with global trends, and most importantly, provides a perspective on future AI research in sports sciences in our country. The research method is bibliometric analysis, which examines global research trends in a specific region through the outputs of scientific publications in databases. Researchers use bibliometric analysis to identify emerging trends, evaluate journal performance, analyze collaboration patterns, and examine the composition of research in a specific field in the existing literature. A significant number of documents can be systematically and quantitatively analyzed in a bibliometric study. This type of analysis can highlight research hotspots and identify research trends by examining the distribution of literature over time, across sources, and across regions. Access to large amounts of scientometric data has become relatively easy with the advent of scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Software such as VOSviewer, BibExcel, Histcite, Citespace, and Gephi allow for the analysis of this data in a very pragmatic way. In this study, the visualization software CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix are used to map scientific knowledge, countries/regions, institutions, authors, co-occurring keywords, and co-citation references of published articles, and the Scopus collection database is examined for the status of research on AI and sports, hot spots, frontiers, and development trends of relevant articles.

The recent unprecedented wave of sport-based activism has brought renewed attention to sport as a force for social progress and change. Scholars have examined the factors that drive and facilitate protest through sport, analyzed media coverage and ambivalent responses to such activities, and begun to document its institutional and social impacts. Contrary to some pessimistic sociological critiques, recent research suggests that sport can contribute to the advancement of justice and change, but it can also have unintended consequences for sport, athletes, fans, and other stakeholders. The present study aims to review published literature in the field of sport and social activism. It adopts a descriptive research approach through bibliometric analysis to describe the scale, patterns, and productivity of global publications on sport activism. Bibliometric analysis is a research approach that examines global research trends in a specific area through the output of scholarly publications in databases. Researchers use bibliometric analysis to identify emerging trends, evaluate journal performance, analyze collaboration patterns, and examine the composition of research in a particular field in the existing literature. A significant number of documents can be systematically and quantitatively analyzed in a bibliometric study. This type of analysis can highlight research hotspots and identify research trends by examining the distribution of literature over time, across sources, and across regions. Access to large amounts of scientometric data has become relatively easy with the advent of scholarly databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Software such as VOSviewer, BibExcel, Histcite, Citespace, and Gephi allow for the analysis of this data in a very pragmatic way. This article uses the R language. The R programming language offers an easy-to-use scientometric analysis package called Biblioshiny from Bibliometrix for Scopus.  

در دنياي معاصر، كودكان به عنوان يكي از گروه‌هاي مهم و بنيادين جامعه، مستحق برخورداري از حمايت‌هاي گسترده در همه ابعاد زندگي خود هستند. سلامت جسمي، رواني و اجتماعي كودكان نه‌تنها حق بنيادين آنان، بلكه زيربناي توسعه پايدار جوامع محسوب مي‌شود. با گسترش مشاركت كودكان در فعاليت‌هاي ورزشي رسمي و غيررسمي، توجه به ابعاد حقوقي و حمايتي مرتبط با سلامت آن‌ها، بيش از پيش اهميت يافته است. ورزش اگرچه عامل رشد، نشاط، اعتمادبه‌نفس و شكوفايي توانمندي‌هاي كودكان است، اما در صورت نبود قوانين حمايتي و نظارت مؤثر، مي‌تواند زمينه‌ساز آسيب‌هاي جسمي، رواني و حتي نقض حقوق اساسي آنان گردد.يكي از مهم‌ترين اين حقوق، «حق بر سلامت» است كه در اسناد متعدد بين‌المللي از جمله كنوانسيون حقوق كودك به رسميت شناخته شده است. اين حق، تنها به برخورداري از خدمات درماني محدود نمي‌شود، بلكه شامل پيشگيري، مراقبت، ايمني و برخورداري از محيطي سالم و حمايتي نيز مي‌گردد. در اين ميان، كودكان ورزشكار به دليل فعاليت در محيط‌هايي كه گاه با فشارهاي جسماني، رواني و رقابت‌هاي سنگين همراه است، نيازمند حمايت‌هاي حقوقي مضاعف‌اند.در نظام حقوقي ايران، هرچند قوانين كلي در حمايت از كودكان و سلامت عمومي وجود دارد، اما به‌طور خاص، حق بر سلامت كودكان در بستر ورزش كمتر مورد توجه قانون‌گذار قرار گرفته و خلأهايي در حوزه تقنين، اجرا و نظارت احساس مي‌شود. اين در حالي است كه در نظام حقوق بين‌الملل، رويكردهاي جامع‌تري براي حمايت از سلامت كودكان ورزشكار توسعه يافته است كه مي‌تواند الگويي براي بهبود وضعيت حقوقي در ايران باشد. لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي تطبيقي «حق بر سلامت كودكان ورزشكار» در حقوق ايران و حقوق بين‌الملل انجام مي‌شود تا با تبيين مباني نظري، تحليل اسناد قانوني و شناسايي چالش‌ها و كاستي‌ها، راهكارهايي براي ارتقاء سطح حمايت از كودكان ورزشكار ارائه نمايد. اين پژوهش ضمن پر كردن خلأ مطالعاتي موجود در اين حوزه، مي‌تواند بستري براي آگاهي‌بخشي به مسئولان، مربيان، خانواده‌ها و نهادهاي قانون‌گذار فراهم آورد و نقش مؤثري در بهبود سياست‌گذاري‌هاي سلامت محور براي كودكان ايفا كند.   

چكيده زمينه و هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي تأثير هشت هفته تمرينات تناوبي با شدت بالا بر برخي شاخص­هاي التهابي در زنان مبتلا به بيماري كبد چرب غيرالكلي اجرا شد. روش‌شناسي: در اين مطالعه 26 زن داراي كبد چرب غير الكلي شركت كردند.آزمودني‌ها به صورت تصادفي به دو گروه مساوي 13 نفره ،كنترل و تمرين تقسيم شدند.برنامه گروه تمريني به صورت دويدن تناوبي به مدت30 ثانيه با شدت100درصد سرعت هوازي بيشينه و30 ثانيه بازيافت فعال با50 درصد سرعت هوازي بيشينه (4 نوبت،4دور و 5دقيقه بازيافت غير فعال بين هر دور)بود. اين برنامه تا هفته هشتم به 110 درصد (6 دور و 6 نوبت )افزايش يافت ، سه جلسه در هر هفته و طي هشت هفته اجرا شد. در ابتدا و انتهاي تمرين ميزان سطوح سرمي آنزيم­هاي كبدي، نيمرخ ليپيدي ،قند خون، انسولين، سيتوكين­هاي التهابي­، شاخص مقاومت به انسولين، شاخص‌‌هاي تركيب بدن و VO?max،CRP ،هورمون كورتيزول در خون ارزيابي شد. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده‌ها از روش آماري آنواي دوراهه با اندازه‌‌گيري مكرر و نرم افزار    با سطح معناداري 0.05 >    جهت تعيين تفاوت ها استفاده شد. يافته‌ها: نتايج تحقيق نشان داد   تمرين هوازي با شدت بالا در زنان مبتلا به كبد چرب غير الكلي منجر به كاهش معنادار وزن ،كورتيزل ، IL-6، CRP،   ALT،AST،TC، شاخص مقاومت به انسولين، ،LDL شد. نشان داد تمرين HIIT منجر به كاهش معنادار وزن، BMI، گلوكز ناشتا، انسولين، HOMA-IR، CRP، IL-6، ALT، AST، TC و كورتيزول شد(0.05 >    ). همچنين، بهبود معناداري در VO?max و نسبت دور كمر به لگن مشاهده شد(0.05 >    )، اما تغييرات در HDL، TG و ALP بين گروه‌ها معنادار نبود(0.05 <    ). نتيجه‌گيري: اين نتايج پيشنهاد مي‌كنند كه تمرين هوازي با شدت بالا با كاهش عوامل خطر مرتبط با سندرم متابوليك و التهاب، مي‌تواند روشي موثرو كم‌هزينه در بهبود و كنترل پيشرفت بيماري كبد چرب غيرالكلي محسوب شود. اين يافته‌ها مي‌توانند مبنايي براي تدوين برنامه‌هاي ورزشي درمان‌محور در حوزه سلامت زنان باشند. كليدواژه‌ها: تمرين تناوبي با شدت بالا، كبد چرب غيرالكلي، كورتيزول،اينترلوكين6، CRP، نيمرخ ليپيدي،آنزيم كبدي.   

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the physical fitness indicators related to the mental health of elite veteran athletes in individual sports in Kermanshah. Methodology: This study was fundamental and employed a descriptive-correlational design with a field-based approach. The statistical population comprised elite veteran athletes in individual sports residing in Kermanshah, from whom 54 individuals were purposefully and conveniently selected. Inclusion criteria included general health, a history of national team membership or five years of competition at the highest level, and an age range of 40 to 60 years. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaires, dietary recall, the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Additionally, standard devices and tests assessed body composition parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and endurance. The normality of the data was evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and statistical analyses were conducted at a significance level of 0.05 using    26 software. Results: The results indicated that among elite veteran athletes in individual sports in Kermanshah, men had significantly higher cardiorespiratory fitness (p<0.01), upper-body endurance (p=0.003), lower-body endurance (p=0.021), upper-body muscular strength (p<0.001), and lower-body muscular strength (p=0.0001) compared to women. However, no significant difference was observed between genders in flexibility (p=0.61). Body composition also differed, with men having a higher body mass index (p=0.008), muscle weight (p<0.001), and waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.003), whereas women had a higher percentage of body fat (p<0.001) and fat weight (p=0.048). Furthermore, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of quality of life (p=0.82), mental health (p=0.17), and life satisfaction (p=0.19). Conclusion: The findings revealed significant differences in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance and strength, and body composition between men and women, while no significant difference was observed in flexibility. Men exhibited higher cardiorespiratory fitness, which can be attributed to morphological differences, body composition, and hemoglobin levels. Additionally, men had greater muscular endurance and strength, likely due to higher muscle mass and force production capacity. Body composition differences were also evident, with women having a higher body fat percentage and men having greater muscle mass. However, flexibility showed no significant difference between the two groups. These findings align with previous research and highlight the importance of considering physiological and morphological differences between genders when analyzing physical fitness characteristics.   

   Objective: This study examines the effect of aerobic exercise on the expression of cortical genes Hsp 70, Hsp 110, Hsp 40, and HSF 1 in C57BL/6 mice with cuprizone-induced multiple sclerosis. Materials and methods: In this study, 20 female mice (23±3 g) were randomly divided into four groups (n=5): control, exercise, female, and exercise + female. Animals were kept as pets under suitable conditions. To model the disease with caprizone, food containing 0.2% of caprizone is given to two groups of exercise + MS and MS and two groups of exercise + MS and control + exercise for six weeks and five sessions per week. Was given, and each session was 15-60 minutes and 20-20 meters per minute of aerobic exercise. The aerobic exercise program and colonization induction were performed simultaneously. A biopsy was performed 48 hours after the last day of training. The cerebral cortex was extracted, and half of the cerebral cortex was homogenized. The tissue was analyzed for the expression of Hsp 70, Hsp 110, Hsp 40, and HSF1 genes by real-time PCR and the expression of Hsp 70, Hsp 110, Hsp 40, and HSF 1 proteins by western blot, and the other half of the analysis. Cortical analysis was performed for crystal violet. Coloring is used. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered (p ? 0.05). Results: Data analysis showed that 6 weeks of aerobic training significantly increases the expression of genes and proteins.

   The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived economic status and the choice of information sources and the preferred market for sports supplements in non-competitive users. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the present study is all male clients and customers of fitness clubs in Kermanshah city. Given the dispersion of fitness clubs in urban areas, the statistical sample is selected in a random-cluster manner. The Cochrane population distribution ratio formula was used to determine the sample size. According to this formula, the statistical sample of the present study was 318 people. The instrument used for this study is based on the standard questionnaires of Kaktomani et al. (2019), Curry, Dossey, and Lucy (2023); Maughan et al. (2007). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure reliability, which was equal to 0.88. In order to analyze the data and answer the research hypotheses,    version 25 software was used. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, there was a significant relationship between the perceived economic situation and the selection of information sources and the preferred market for sports supplements among male bodybuilders. There was also a significant relationship between the perceived economic situation and the prioritization of product features among male bodybuilders. And finally, there was a significant difference between the perceived economic situation and the prioritization of product features among different income groups. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that officials and managers should take steps to improve the economic situation of society, thereby creating conditions for athletes to purchase sports products.   

   The aim of the present study was to present a model of the challenges of Muslim women's competitive sports based on a layered analysis of causes. In terms of methodology, the present study is a qualitative research (grounded theory method or grounded theory using triangulation). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, experts, experts and female athletes) in the field of women's sports. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. Multiple sources (interviews_ visual media_ news_ study of theoretical foundations and documents) were used to collect information. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.86. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the challenges at the litany level include: restrictions on Islamic clothing and attire, lack of appropriate sports facilities, negative cultural and social attitudes, gender discrimination, legal and political barriers, and psychological and social pressures; the challenges at the systematic level include the categories of: economic problems, social problems, lack of facilities and infrastructure, lack of adequate representation by the media, cultural challenges, political challenges, and individual problems; the challenges at the discourse analysis level include: traditionalist versus modernist worldview, attitudes toward women's bodies, different interpretations of religion and Sharia, discourse on power and gender roles, Westernist versus nativist worldview, media discourse, and representation and conflict between individualism and collectivism; and finally, the last level, myths and metaphors, include: women as guardians of the home, the sacred body, competition, the arena of men, women, symbols of honor and pride in society, submissive and humble women, the West versus the East, and the hero-sacrifice. Therefore, we conclude that, considering the challenges identified in the present study, officials and managers can play an effective role in addressing the challenges of Muslim women's competitive sports by taking practical measures.   

  ackground: and Objective: Neck pain is one of the most disabling factors in the world, causing severe disability in performing daily and occupational tasks. One of the ways to reduce neck pain is to use massage therapy, which has been used in recent years. Some people with chronic neck pain also use kinesiotape. However, it is not clear to what extent this type of exercise is beneficial for neck pain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of massage + kinesiotape and massage on forward head tilt, VAS, neck muscle strength, neck range of motion, and neck proprioception in women with chronic no  ecific neck pain. Methods: In this study, 33 women with chronic neck pain (28 remained until the end of the study) were randomly divided into two groups: massage exercises + kinesiotape and massage exercises. The exercise program was performed for 4 weeks (12 sessions) for both groups and kinesiotape for the massage + kinesiotape group; a pre-test was taken 24 hours before the start of the exercise protocol and a post-test was taken one day after the end of the exercise protocol. The statistical method of the paired t-test was used to examine intra-group changes, and the independent t-test was used for comparison between groups. All calculations were performed with    version 26 software, and a significance level of P > 0.05 was considered. Findings: Based on the findings of the present study, head forward, VAS, neck muscle strength (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral), neck range of motion (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral), neck proprioception (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral), quality of life, NDI, depression scale, anxiety, stress, fear of movement, pain self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing increased after the exercise protocol in both groups. Also, there was a significant difference in NDI, stress, fear of movement, pain self-efficacy, VAS, neck muscle strength (flexion, left lateral and right lateral), and neck range of motion (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral) between the two groups, and massage + kinesiotape had a better effect. Conclusion: In general, it can be said that 4 weeks of massage practice improves chronic neck pain, and massage practice + kinesiotape has a better effect on neck healing.

Abstract:    Background: Overweight and obesity have been considered as a global epidemic. craving for food, which is a strong desire to consume a certain type of food; (most foods with high calories and low nutritional value) is defined as one of the main causes of obesity and overweight. Craving for food is a psychological state with factors such as; Impulsivity, inhibitory control, risk-taking decision making and cognitive flexibility are related and it is mainly controlled in the prefrontal cortex and the Dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) area of ??the brain. It has been shown that even one session of physical activity can reduce food cravings. On the other hand, the role of non-invasive brain stimulation in reducing food cravings has also been well proven and the results of some meta-analyses have shown this well. Now, taking into account some gaps in the results of recent studies and the questions raised in this field, in the current research; The effect of an aerobic training session with two different types of transcranial brain stimulation including; direct current stimulation or transcranial pulsed current stimulation on variables; Food craving, food preference, appetite, impulsivity, risk-taking decision making, cognitive flexibility and perceptual responses in obese or overweight women with food cravings have been investigated as the main objective. Methods: For this purpose, 15 obese or overweight female subjects with food cravings voluntarily participated in this research. And after holding a briefing session and familiarizing the subjects with all the stages of the research implementation, the subjects attended the research site in three separate sessions with an interval of 7 days between each session. And in these three sessions, being exposed to one of these three different conditions in a mutual balance: 1) aerobic exercise + transcranial direct current stimulation (AE+tDCS), 2) aerobic exercise + transcranial pulse current stimulation (AE+tPCS), 3) Aerobic exercise + sham stimulation (AE+Sham). In this research, the Latin square method was used to apply mutual balance. And in each session, after the subjects' presence at the place of research implementation and preliminary preparations, in the order of the variables; Food craving, appetite, food preference, impulsivity, risk-taking decision making, cognitive flexibility and perceptual responses were measured. Then in the condition (AE+tDCS); First, the subjects received 20 minutes of direct current anodal stimulation in the left DLPFC region and then they began to perform aerobic exercise. In the (AE+tPCS) condition, the implementation of the protocol was the same, with the difference that the type of stimulation received was transcranial pulse current stimulation. And in (AE+Sham) conditions, subjects received sham stimulation for 20 minutes and then performed aerobic exercise. Immediately after the aerobic exercise in each session, the research variables were measured again. In addition, food craving were measured again 24 and 48 hours after the end of the exercise. Also, appetite and perceptual responses were recorded again at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after the completion of aerobic exercise.    Findings:

Background: In the most recent studies, findings indicate that if transcranial directcurrent stimulation is applied as bilateral stimulation to both the primary motor cortex (M1) and the posterior-lateral prefrontal area (DLPFC) causes Corticospinal excitability will increase. Paying attention to this strategy became more important when the results of studies showed that the use of this type of stimulation can be more durable. On the other hand, another type of transcranial electrical stimulation called pulsed current stimulation has been associated with more positive effects compared to direct current stimulation. Therefore, according to the fact that, so far, no research has been done on the effect of bilateral stimulation either in the form of direct current or in the form of pulsed current on muscle performance in women, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of bilateral transcranial stimulation in the form of direct current or pulsed current on performance. Muscular as well as neurophysiological responses in submaximal isotonic contractions in healthy and active women.Research method: 15 subjects with a history of regularly performingresistance exercises participated in this research in an intra-group and counterbalanced design in a double-blind, placebo-controlled (Sham). For this purpose, in a briefing session, after familiarizing the subjects with the steps of the research and measuring the anthropometric characteristics, their maximum repetition in the desired movement was measured. One week after the orientation session, the subjects were randomly exposed to 3 different conditions in three separate sessions with a one-week interval between the sessions: 1) Dual-site stimulation of the transcranial direct current and performing 3 sets until the leg press movement stopped; 2) Dual-site stimulation of transcranial pulse current and performing 3 sets until leg press movement sto   and 3) sham stimulation and performing 3 sets until the leg press movement was stopped.Findings: The results of the present study showed that muscle pain in all conditionsincreased significantly from the first set to the third set (all p<0.05) andthe results of pairwise comparisons showed that in the third set of the leg press, the amount of muscle pain in the condition Dual-site stimulation of direct current and transcranial pulsed current was significantly lower than sham conditions (respectively: p=0.04; p=0.03). Also, the level of pleasure in all conditions decreased from the first set to the third set (all p < 0.05) and the results of pairwise comparisons showed that in the third set, the performance of the leg press movement felt pleasure in the conditions of Dual-site stimulation of direct current and transcranial pulsed current. It was significantly higher than the sham condition (respectively: p=0.01; p=0.03). In addition, the results showed that the choice   reaction time in the conditions of Dual-site transcranial direct current stimulation after the implementation of the training protocol was significantly lower than the conditions before the implementation of the training protocol (p<0.004), while in the conditions of Dual-site transcranial pulsed current stimulation and sham showed no significant difference in the choice reaction time variable from before to after the implementation of the training protocol (p>0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the variable of inhibitory control, Rating of Perceived Exertion, the level of felt arousal and muscle function (number of repetitions to exhaustion) between any of the stimulation conditions (p>0.05).Conclusion:

   Abstract Neck pain is one of the common problems in human societies and it causes spine injuries, disability, reduced quality of life and fear of movement. Also, neck pain causes neck abnormalities, such as forward head posture, and this condition causes postural abnormalities, discomfort, pain, and neck weakness. One of the ways to reduce neck pain is the use of massage therapy, which in recent years has been used in active release technique and myofascial release technique training methods; However, it is not known to what extent this type of exercise is useful for neck pain, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of active release and myofascial release on forward head posture, visual analogue scale (VAS), neck muscle strength, range of motion, neck proprioception, and quality of life, NDI, scale of depression, anxiety, stress, fear of tempo movement, pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing in female students with non-specific chronic neck pain. In this research, 45 women patients with chronic neck pain were randomly divided into three groups of 15 people: active release exercises, myofascial release exercises, and control. Each group received a 2 weeks (6 sessions) treatment; 24 hours before the start of the pre-test exercise protocol and one day after the end of the exercise protocol, the post-test was taken. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, dependent t-test and Bonferroni's post hoc test at a significance level of P<0.05 using    version 26 software. Based on the findings of the present study, there was a significant increase in quality of life data, NDI, depression scale, anxiety and stress, pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, VAS, strength (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral), range of motion (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral) and neck proprioception (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral) were observed in the active release group, P<0.05. Also, in the myofascial release group in quality of life data, NDI, depression scale, anxiety and stress, pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, VAS, strength (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral), range of motion (flexion) , extension, left lateral and right lateral) and neck proprioception (flexion, extension, left lateral and right lateral) a significant increase was observed P<0.05. However, no significant increase was observed in the control group, and no significant effect was observed in the data of fear of tempo movement, forward head posture in any of the groups. It seems that active release and myofascial release exercises play an important role in improving quality of life, NDI, depression scale, anxiety and stress, pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, VAS, neck muscle strength, range of motion, and neck proprioception. Keywords: neck pain, forward head posture, active release, myofascial release.

  Abstract Sports exercises have been proposed as a therapeutic method for empowering, treating and controlling high blood pressure, and as lifestyle modifications, it has been recommended for one of several cases. On the other hand, studies show that resistance exercises are very effective on muscle growth and strength. Along with sports activities, it has been shown that nutritional interventions also affect these factors. One of these can be the consumption of dark chocolate supplements containing polyphenols. Polyphenols present in dark chocolate, especially flavonols, cause dilation of blood vessels and decrease blood pressure by increasing the production of nitric acid from the endothelial tissue. On the other hand, catechins are molecules from the flavonoid family that are abundant in dark chocolate. These molecules have a positive effect on muscle growth factors. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the acute consumption of dark chocolate supplement on the index of pressure perception, blood pressure and post-exercise upper body resistance performance in resistance trained girls. This research will be a double-blind randomized design and the subjects will be placed in one of the designated positions randomly.12 active female students will voluntarily participate in this research. It should be noted that the participants are randomly assigned to the supplement or placebo group for two weeks, so that the supplement group is 500 mg of dark chocolate extract containing 125 mg of polyphenol and 25 mg of epicatechin and the group Placebo 500 mg placebo (starch) is taken daily in one capsule. During resistance activity, the index of pressure perception and resistance performance, then post-exercise blood pressure is measured. Before taking the supplement or placebo, the subjects are pre-tested, so that after the general and specialized warm-up, a resistance training protocol with barbell chest press including 5 sets until exhaustion with 75% maximum 1 maximum repetition by the company. It is done with 2-minute rest intervals.Participants are advised to perform as many repetitions as possible until reaching 15 repetitions or muscle failure. Then, after two weeks of taking the supplement and placebo, the pressure perception index, resistance performance during activity and blood pressure after exercise are evaluated again under the same conditions as last time.

مقدمه: توسعه و محبوبيت رشته ورزشي واليبال در ميان اقشار جامعه به خصوص جوانان در چند سال اخير كه با تغييرات گسترده در قوانين مسابقه و روش تمرين همراه بوده، انجام مطالعات علمي به منظور بررسي ابعاد روانشناختي و ادراكي شخصيت ورزشكاران و عواملي نظير كيفيت زندگي و يا خودپندار? كه از مهم‌ترين عوامل متأثر از ورزش و فعاليت بدني بوده و مي‌تواند بر عملكرد بهينه ورزشكاران تأثيرگذار باشند و هم‌چنين وضعيت و ميزان آگاهي ورزشكاران از دانش تغذيه‌اي را به موضوعي مهم و ضروري مبدل ساخته است. از اين رو پژوهش حاضر به منظور آگاهي از سلامت عمومي ورزشكاران كه مي‌تواند به شناخت بهتر از شرايط جسمي، رواني و شناختي اين ورزشكاران كمك نمايد، بسيار حائز اهميت است.روش تحقيق: به‌منظور اجراي اين تحقيق، پس از گزينش آزمودني‌ها بر مبناي شاخص‌هاي ورود و منع ورود به تحقيق، پرسشنامه‌هاي كيفيت زندگي، خودپنداره و دانش تغذيه‌اي توسط آنان تكميل شد. ميانگين مقادير به دست آمده در متغيرهاي پژوهش با مقادير نرمال مقايسه شد.يافته‌ها: نتايج تحقيق حاضر نشان داد كه ميانگين مقادير كيفيت زندگي در ورزشكاران واليباليست شهر ايلام (??/??±??/??) بيشتر از مقدار معيار (??) تعيين شده براي اين متغير بود. اما اين تفاوت، معني‌دار نبود. ميانگين مقادير خود‌پنداره در مردان واليباليست شهر ايلام (??/??±??/??) پايين‌تر از مقدار معيار (??/??) مشخص شده براي اين متغير بود اما اين تفاوت نيز معني‌دار نبود. ميانگين مقادير دانش تغذيه‌اي در ورزشكاران واليباليست شهر ايلام (?/??±?/??) به شكل معني‌داري پايين‌تر از مقدار معيار (??) در نظر گرفته شده براي اين متغير بود. ميانگين مقادير نگرش تغذيه‌اي در ورزشكاران واليباليست شهر ايلام (?/??±?/??) به شكل معني‌داري پايين‌تر از مقدار معيار (??) تعيين شده براي اين متغير بود. ميانگين مقادير عملكرد تغذيه‌اي در ورزشكاران واليباليست شهر ايلام (?/??±?/??) به شكل معني‌داري پايين‌تر از مقدار معيار (?) مشخص شده براي اين متغير بود (?/???p).نتيجه‌گيري: نتايج تحقيق حاضر حاكي از آن بود كه مردان واليباليست شهر ايلام در شاخص‌هاي خودپنداره و نيز كيفيت زندگي در وضعيت مطلوبي قرار دارند در حاليكه داراي سطح دانش، نگرش و عملكرد تغذيه‌اي بسيار پايين‌تر از مقدار معيار بودند. گرچه عوامل متعددي در كيفيت زندگي و خودپنداره نقش دارند، اما شايد بتوان كيفيت زندگي و خودپنداره مطلوب در پژوهش حاضر را به آثار مثبت جسماني و رواني رشته واليبال نيز نسبت داد. اين امر لزوم توجه به توسعه كمي و كيفي اين رشته را نمايان مي‌سازد. از سوي ديگر، بر مبناي نتايج پژوهش حاضر و اهميت دانش، نگرش و عملكرد تغذيه‌اي در سلامت شخصي و حرفه‌اي ورزشكاران، ضرورت دارد اقداماتي در راستاي بهبود اين شاخص‌هاي در واليباليست‌هاي شهر ايلام انجام پذيرد.

  بسياري از ورزشكاران رشته‌هاي قدرتي و تركيبي براي تحريك عضلات به رشد، به دنبال راه‌هايي براي افزايش ترشح GH هستند. استفاده از هورمون‌هاي پپتيدي نظير GH توسط سازمان جهاني مبارزه با دوپينگ از سال 1989 ممنوع شده است. درنتيجه ورزشكاران به دنبال استفاده از مكمل‌هاي مجازي هستند كه سبب افزايش ترشح GH شوند. هدف از اين پژوهش بررسي تاثير شش هفته تمرين تركيبي با مكمل دهي خارخاسك بر هورمون رشد در ورزشكاران مرد آماتور رشته كراسفيت است. به همين منظور 30 ورزشكار در گروه هاي آزمايشي (تمرين &#43; مكمل، تمرين &#43; دارونما، تمرين) قرار مي گيرند و به مدت شش هفته تمرينات تركيبي را مي گذرانند. گروه تمرين&#43;مكمل پيش از آغاز هر جلسه تمرين، ميزان 450 ميلي‌گرم عصاره خارخاسك را به‌صورت يك كپسول ژلاتيني قبل از تمرين مصرف ميكنند و گروه تمرين&#43;دارونما، نيز يك كپسول ژلاتيني حاوي 450 ميلي گرم دارونما (نشاسته) با شكل و رنگ مشابه كپسول هاي خارخاسك را مصرف ميكنند. گروه تمرين نيز، فقط در جلسات تمريني شركت ميكنند. در پايان شش هفته تاثيرات بر روي سطح سرمي GH و افزايش قدرت ورزشكاران انداره گيري مي شود.

   امروزه مصرف انواع مختلف مكمل هاي غذايي در سراسر دنيا به صورت چشم گيري در حال افزايش است. تعداد زيادي از مكمل هايي كه در بازار به صورت رايج در حال خريدوفروش مي باشند هنوز هم از مصرف آنها اطمينان حاصل نشده تحقيقات معتبر علمي، سالم و بي ضرر بودن آنها را تأييد نكرده اند بنابراين نسبت به مصرف آنها توسط ورزشكاران در رشته هاي مختلف ورزشي نگراني هايي وجود دارد. برهمين اساس و با توجه به خلأ پژوهشي جامع در رابطه با بازار مصرف مكمل هاي ورزشي در عصر ديجيتال و عوامل موثر بر آن، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعيين اثر رسانه در دانش و نگرش ورزشكاران كرمانشاهي از پيامدهاي مثبت و منفي مصرف مكمل‌هاي ورزشي و تاثير آن بر بازار مكمل هاي ورزشي در عصر ديجيتال به انجام رسيد. جامعه آماري مورد مطالعه شامل متخصصان و اعضاي هيات علمي دانشگاه بود كه در حوزه مكمل هاي ورزشي و مديريت بازاريابي تخصص لازم را داشته باشند و نيز شامل كليه ورزشكاران شهر كرمانشاه بود كه شامل 1100 نفر بود كه 200 نفر از آنان با توجه به حداكثر بزرگنمايي در معادلات ساختاري بعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند.جهت جمع آوري اطلاعات از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استفاده گرديد، كه روايي آن با استفاده از نظرات پنل متخصصان و پايايي پرسشنامه با ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ و شاخص پايايي تركيبي مورد بررسي قرار گرفت كه براي تمامي سازه‌ها بالاتر از 7/0 بوده و تأييد شد. نرم‌افزارهاي مورد استفاده براي انجام تجزيه و تحليل داده ها عبارت بودند از    نسخه 25 وSmartPLS. نتايج به دست آمده نشان داد كه بازار مكمل هاي ورزشي تابعي از رسانه، دانش و نگرش ورزشكاران نسبت به مصرف مكمل­هاي ورزشي است. واژه هاي كليدي: مكمل هاي ورزشي، دانش و نگرش، رسانه

  In recent years, childhood obesity has become a widespread global issue. On the other hand, with the increase in the spread of the Covid-19 disease in the world and the imposition of restrictions, it has led to a further increase in overweight and obesity in children. Since obesity and thinness are important factors that threaten health, and dealing with them requires having information about their prevalence and risk factors, in order to improve habits related to nutrition and physical activity, as well as adopting preventive strategies in order to reduce the epidemic. Adolescent obesity, creating a better insight in relation to the interaction of physical activity, nutrition and the quality of life of adolescents seems necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the level of physical activity, obesity, eating behaviors and quality of life in male and female students after the covid-19 pandemic.

مواد و روش‌ها: براي اين پژوهش 90 سر موش‌ صحرايي نر چهارتا پنج‌هفته‌اي تشكيل خواهند داد؛ كه پس از دو هفته سازگاري با محيط جديد و القاي چاقي و ديابت، به‌طور تصادفي در نه گروه (با 10 سر موش در هر گروه) شامل: 1- كنترل (ديابت نوع 2)، 2- تمرين (ديابت نوع 2)، 3- مكمل­دهي ويتامين D (ديابت نوع 2)، 4- تمرين + مكمل­دهي ويتامين D (ديابت نوع 2)، 5- دارونما (ديابت نوع 2)، 6- تمرين (سالم)، 7- تمرين+ مكمل­دهي ويتامين D (سالم)، 8- مكمل­دهي ويتامين D (سالم) و 9- شم قرار خواهند ‌گرفت. برنامه­ي فعاليت بدني هوازي شامل گرم كردن، دويدن روي تردميل با شيب صفر درصد و سرد كردن در هشت هفته و پنج روز در هفته به مدت 60 دقيقه و با شدت 60-50 درصد VO2max خواهد بود. گروه مكمل­دهي ويتامين D و گروه تمرين به همراه مكمل­دهي ويتامين D رت‌هاي سالم و ديابتي در هر هفته 5000 واحد بين‌المللي ويتامين D را به‌صورت تزريقي دريافت خواهند‌ كرد. در صورت طبيعي بودن داده‌ها (آزمون شاپيرو)، تفاوت بين گروهي با استفاده از آزمون ANOVA يك طرفه بررسي خواهد شد و آزمون تعقيبي از نوع توكي خواهد بود؛ در غير اين صورت، آزمون ناپارامتريك استفاده مي‌شود؛ نرم‌افزار مورد استفاده    26 و سطح معناداري 05/0 خواهد بود.  

   Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of resistance training (ReT) and vitamin E supplementation (VES) on the serum levels of aminotransferases, C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related proteins (CTRP2 and CTRP9), insulin resistance and sensitivity, and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in men with Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methodology: 40 patients with NAFLD (mean age 32.4 ± 8.2 years) participated in this 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. The subjects were assigned randomly into four groups (n=10) including PLB, VES, ReT + PLB, and ReT + VES. Vitamin E was consumed for a daily dose of 800 IU. ReT consisted of eight movements for the upper and lower body, with a frequency of three non-consecutive days per week, in three sets with an intensity of 60–85% of one repetition maximum (1RM), for 8–12 repetitions and 1-3 minute rest between each set. Also, the subjects received nutritional counseling. Anthropometric components, aminotransferase enzymes, lipid profile, AIP, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity, white blood cells (WBCs) count, CTRP2, CTRP9, and 1RM were measured before and after the intervention. The normality of the data and the homogeneity of variance were confirmed using the Shapiro-Wilk and Levin tests, respectively. The within-group and between-group differences were analysed by paired t-test and one-way ANOVA test, respectively. The statistical analyses were conducted using    version 26 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Following the intervention, there was an improvment in the anthropometric components, lipid profile, AIP, insulin resistance and sensitivity, and 1RM in the ReT + PLB and ReT + VES groups, as compared to the pre-test and VES and PLB groups (p>0.05). The levels of aminotransferase enzymes in the VES, ReT + PLB, and ReT + VES groups were decreased compared to the pre-test and the PLB group (p>0.05); However, ReT + VES resulted in the highest reduction (p ? 0.01). The count of WBCs in the ReT + VES group decreased compared to the pre-test and the PLB group (p>0.05). The serum levels of CTRP2 and CTRP9 proteins also decreased in the ReT + PLB and ReT + VES groups compared to the pre-test and the VES and PLB groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Lifestyle interventions, including exercise and diet, resulted in positive changes in anthropometric indices, aminotransferase enzymes, lipid profile, AIP, insulin resistance and sensitivity, and strength. Vitamin E supplementation only lowered liver enzymes. However, the combination of ReT and VES caused the highest improvement in the liver enzymes and inflammatory status. Also, improving body composition led to a significant decrease in CTRP2 and CTRP9. Keywords: Resistance Training; Vitamin E; Insulin; Atherogenic Index of Plasma; CTR   NAFLD.

  AbstractIntroduction: In recent years, the consumption of carbohydrates and caffeine, the use of various mouthwashes have been seriously considered, so the purpose of the present research is the combined carbohydrate-caffeine mouthwash on exercise, cognitive and perceptual performance during and after endurance activity under The condition was mental fatigue.Research method: The current research has a within-group research design, randomly in four groups of mental voice induction + combined carbohydrate-caffeine mouthwash during the implementation of two residual effects; 2) mental induction + placebo during the implementation of two stimulants 3 (combined carbohydrate-caffeine mouthwash during the implementation of two stimulants (without mental stimulation); 4) placebo during two stimulants (without mental induction) has been investigated .Findings: The results of the present study showed that the time to adherence was higher than the Placebo and MF+Placebo conditions. Also, no significant difference in EMG was observed between the four different conditions. RPE in the CCMR condition was significantly lower than in the MF+PLA condition. On the other hand, the Stroop test in the CMR condition was significantly lower than the Placebo condition and the MF+Placebo condition as well as the MF+CCMR condition, but the reaction time Choice in CCMR conditions was significantly lower than MF+Placebo, as well as MF+CCMR and Placebo. Finally, the best sense of pleasure and the amount of pleasure in CCMR conditions was significantly higher than the other four conditions.Conclusion: According to the available results, it seems that carbohydrate-caffeine mouthwash can have an ergogenic effect on submaximal endurance activity in mental work conditions by affecting the central and peripheral mechanisms.

  It has been stated that high-intensity intermittent activity can cause damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation by producing reactive oxygen-nitrogen species, and as a result, reduce sports performance. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of short-term consumption of omega-3 supplements on C-reactive protein, muscle damage, and liver enzymes following a session of high-intensity interval training in overweight girls. To carry out this clinical trial, 24 women in the age range of 20 to 25 years were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two omega-3 supplement groups after completing the health form and written consent from the overweight girls of Razi University of Kermanshah (12). people and placebo (12 people) will be placed

   چكيده پيش زميـنه و اهداف: اعتياد به موادمخدر به عنوان يك بيماري مزمن و عودكننده كه از اثرات طولاني‌مدت داروها برمغز ناشي مي‌شود، تعريف مي‌شود. اعتياد به موادمخدر به طور غيرمستقيم و مستقيم عامل8/11 ميليون مرگ در سال درجهان است. براساس مطالعه بار‌جهاني بيماري، اين تعداد بيشتراز مرگ‌و‌مير ناشي از سرطان است و يك پنجم كل مرگ‌و‌ميرها در سراسر جهان را تشكيل مي‌دهد. از اين رو، علاوه بر روش­هاي درمان دارويي، توجه به انواع استراتژي­هاي غير دارويي در اين زمينه همواره مورد توجه بوده است. فعاليت بدني و تحريك غير تهاجمي مغز هريك به­نوعي آثار مثبتي را بر روند درماني اعتياد و عدم تمايل به مصرف مجدد داشته­اند اما تا كنون مطالعه­اي كه به بررسي آثار همزمان اين دو استراتژي بر متغيرهاي مهم در بيماري اعتياد پرداخته باشد؛ انجام نشده است. از اين رو، هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسي اثر تحريك جريان مستقيم فراجمجمه­اي و تمرين دايره­اي بر ولع مصرف مواد مخدر، تكانشگري و تصميم­گيري ريسك­پذير در زنان وابسته به مواد مخدر در دوره بازتواني بود. روش­ تحقيـق: پژوهش حاضر داراي طرح تحقيق درون گروهي، موازن? متقابل، به­صورت دوسويه­كور و كنترل اثر دارونما (شَم) بود. تعداد 11 زن داراي سابقه اعتياد كه پس از مرحله پاك­سازي در حال سپري نمودن دوره بازتواني در كمپ ترك اعتياد بودند در اين پژوهش شركت نمودند. هر آزمودني در فاز اجرايي پژوهش با ترتيب تصادفي و با فاصله زماني يك هفته بين هر جلسه در معرض چهار شرايط مداخله­اي شامل 1) تحريك آنودال + تمرين؛ 2) تحريك شم + تمرين؛ 3) تحريك آنودال؛ 4) تحريك شم قرار گرفت. در شرايط 1 ابتدا 20 دقيقه تحريك آنودال مغزي به شدت 2 ميلي­آمپر بر روي ناحيه DLPFC راست اعمال و سپس آزمودني­ها برنامه تمرين دايره­اي را انجام دادند. در حالت 2، ابتدا آزمودني­ها 20 تحريك شَم را دريافت كرده و سپس برنامه تمرين دايره­اي را انجام دادند. در حالت 3، آزمودني­ها 20 دقيقه تحريك آنودال را مشابه شرايط 1 دريافت كرده و سپس در مدت زمان برابر با تمرين ورزشي يك ويديو آموزشي را مشاهده نمودند. در حالت 4 نيز شرايط مشابه با حالت 3 بود با اين تفاوت كه آزمودني­ها ابتدا 20 دقيقه تحريك شم دريافت كردند. متغيرهاي ولع مصرف موارد، حس لذت و انگيختگي در زمان­هاي قبل از اعمال مداخله و 1، 2، 4، 24 و 48 ساعت بعد از اعمال مداخله اندازه­گيري شدند. متغيرهاي تكانشگري و تصميم­گيري ريسك­پذير قبل و بعد از اعمال مداخلات اندازه­گيري شدند.   يافتـه­ها: نتايج پژوهش در ارتباط با ولع مصرف مواد نشان داد كه در مقاطع زماني 1، 2 و 4 ساعت پس از اعمال مداخلات ميزان ولع مصرف در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين و تحريك شم+تمرين به شكل معني­داري كمتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. در مقطع زماني 4 و 24 ساعت پس از تمرين ميزان ولع مصرف در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري كمتر از هر سه شرايط ديگر بود. نتايج پژوهش در خصوص تكانشگري نشان داد كه پس از اعمال مداخلات ميزان تكانشگري در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري كمتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. همچنين، پس از اعمال مداخلات، امتياز تصميم­گيري ريسك­پذير در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني داري بيشتر از شرايط تحريك شم بود. مقادير حس لذت در حين تمرين در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين؛ تحريك شم+تمرين و تحريك آنودال به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. بلافاصله بعد از اعمال مداخله، حس لذت در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك آنودال و تحريك شم بود. در مقاطع زماني 1 و 4 ساعت پس از اعمال مداخلات نيز حس لذت در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. نهايتاً، ميزان انگيختگي در حين و بلافاصله پس از اعمال مداخلات در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين و تحريك شم+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. 1 ساعت پس از اعمال مداخلات، ميزان انگيختگي در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت تحريك شم بود. در مقاطع زماني 2 و 4 ساعت پس از اعمال مداخلات نيز ميزان انگيختگي در شرايط تحريك آنودال+تمرين به شكل معني­داري بيشاز از حالت تحريك شم و تحريك آنودال بود. نتيـجه­گيـري:

   چكيده: هدف: در ميان تمامي شيوه‌هايي كه به‌منظور ارتقاء عملكرد ورزشكاران بكار برده مي‌شوند، مي‌توان به مداخلات تغذيه‌اي نيز اشاره كرد كه علاوه بر تأثيرگذاري درشت­مغذي ها، تأثيرگذاري ريزمغذي­ها و ساير تركيبات موجود در خوراكي­ها را نيز شامل مي‌شود. نيترات رژيمي و ال سيترولين، ازجمله اين مواد هستند كه در برخي مواد خوراكي همچون چغندر قرمز و هندوانه وجود دارند. هدف از انجام اين پژوهش مقايسه تأثير مصرف حاد و مزمن آب چغندر قرمز و آب هندوانه بر پويايي اكسيژن مصرفي، پويايي لاكتات و توان بي‌هوازي مردان جوان مي‌باشد. روش­شناسي پژوهش: در اين پژوهش 40 آزمودني مرد 19 تا 29 سال به‌صورت تصادفي ساده انتخاب و سپس در 4 گروه (10n=)، مكمل آب چغندر قرمز، مكمل آب هندوانه، دارونما و كنترل گروه‌بندي شده و به فاصله 2 هفته به اجراي پروتكل پرداختند. پس از تكميل پرسشنامه­­ها و اندازه­گيري ويژگي‌هاي آنتروپومتريكي شامل قد، وزن و آناليز تركيب بدني، زمان‌بندي مراجعه آزمودني‌ها به آزمايشگاه براي شركت در مراحل مختلف مطالعه در اختيار آن‌ها قرار گرفت. كل مطالعه براي هر فرد شامل 4 جلسه بود. يك ­آزمون VO2max در جلسه اول پس از يك­ بار مكمل دهي و يك­آزمون وينگيت در جلسه دوم پس از يك­ بار مكمل دهي. يك­آزمون VO2max در جلسه سوم و يك­آزمون وينگيت در جلسه چهارم بعد از يك هفته مكمل دهي. در تمامي جلسات مراجعه، قند خون ناشتا و اولين نمونه خوني براي تعيين لاكتات پايه از آزمودني گرفته شد و به آزمودني صبحانه داده شد. در جلسه اول بعد از صرف صبحانه مكمل دهي انجام گرفت و 5/1 الي 2 ساعت پس از صرف صبحانه و مكمل دهي، آزمون ورزشي فزاينده به­منظور تعيين VO2max و آستانه تبادل گاز روي تريد ميل، سنجش لاكتات بي‌هوازي اجرا شد. به‌منظور بررسي پويايي لاكتات بلافاصله پس از اتمام ورزشي فزاينده و نيز در فواصل 5، 10، 30 و 60 دقيقه پس از اتمام فعاليت، اندازه‌گيري لاكتات انجام شد. در جلسه دوم   بعد از صرف صبحانه مكمل دهي انجام گرفت و 5/1 الي 2 ساعت پس از صرف صبحانه و مكمل دهي، آزمون وينگيت به‌منظور سنجش توان بي‌هوازي اجرا شد. بين اجراي آزمون ورزشي فزاينده (VO2max) و آزمون وينگيت فاصله زماني 48 ساعته وجود داشت. پس از اجراي اين مرحله، آزمودني­ها تحت يك دوره 7 روزه مكمل­دهي قرار گرفتند و پس از اين دوره مجدا مراحل اجراي آزمون­ها­ مشابه آنچه كه در بالا ذكر شد انجام پذيرفت.   قابل ذكر است كه به گروه دارونما، دارونما داده شد و گروه كنترل در كل طول پروتكل هيچگونه مكملي دريافت نكرد. تمامي داده‏هاي مطالعه در هر 4 گروه با استفاده از نرم‏‏افزار    24 آناليز شدند و با استفاده از آزمون شاپيرو-ويلك مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفتند. در صورت نرمال بودن، داده­ها با استفاده از تحليل واريانس مكرر با عامل بين گروهي مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفتند و در صورت معني‌داري از آزمون LSD جهت يافتن محل تفاوت‌ها استفاده شد و سطح معني‌داري آزمون­ها 05/0P< در نظر گرفته شد. يافته­ها: يافته­ها حاكي از بهبود شاخص­هاي پويايي اكسيژن مصرفي، پويايي لاكتات و توان بي­هوازي در مردان جوان در دو حالت مكمل­دهي حاد و مزمن در دو گروه آب چغندر قرمز و آب هندوانه بود (05/0P<). در مقايسه بين اين دو مكمل تفاوت معناداري بين داده­هاي گروه مكمل آب هندوانه و آب چغندر قرمز مشاهده شد (05/0P<).

  Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disorder that is mainly caused by overweight and obesity accumulating inflammatory factors in adipose tissue. Studies have confirmed the effectiveness of exercise and vitamin D supplementation in the prevention, control, and treatment of diabetes. While decreased physical activity and vitamin D deficiency are associated with obesity, blood glucose level, insulin concentration, and insulin resistance. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with vitamin D supplementation on the expression of AMPK, PGC-1?, UCP-1, and PTP1B genes in the visceral fat tissue of obese rats with type 2 diabetes.Research Method: In this experimental study, fifty 4 to 5 weeks old Wistar male rats, weighing 180 to 210 grams, were randomly selected after screening among 55 rats. First, rats were randomly divided into a healthy food group (n=10) and a high-fat diet (n=40); After 2 weeks of weight gain in the high-fat diet group, intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) was injected; After confirming diabetes in high-fat diet group the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 in each group): aerobic training + vitamin D supplementation (AT+Vit D), aerobic training (AT), vitamin D supplementation (vitamin D), control (C). Then, the rats of the AT and AT+Vit D groups performed an 8-week aerobic training 5 days a week. Vitamin D and AT+Vit D groups received 5000 international units of vitamin D once a week by injection. While sesame oil was injected instead in AT and C groups. Forty-eight hours after the last session of aerobic training and after a night of fasting, blood samples were taken to measure glucose and insulin levels and for AMPK, PGC-1a, PTP1B, and UCP-1 gene expression, the visceral fat samples were collected by dissection. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of P<0.05 using    version 26 software.Results: Based on our results, BW, BMI, FI, visceral fat, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR were significantly lower in the AT+Vit D, AT and Vit D groups compared to the C group (P<0.001); While the healthy control and diabetic control groups showed a significant increase in BW, BMI, and FI. Based on these results, after 8 weeks of intervention, there was a significant difference in BW, BMI, and FI between all five grou   with the AT+Vit D group showing the greatest decrease in BW, BMI, and FI compared to other groups. Also, the research findings showed that after 8 weeks, AT+Vit D significantly improved the gene expression of AMPK, PGC-1?, UCP-1, and PTP1B in the white fat tissue of type 2 diabetic rats compared to the diabetic control group (P<0.05). Although a significant improvement was observed in the aforementioned variables in the AT and Vit D alone, compared to the control group. In the AT+Vit D, the gene expression of AMPK, PGC-1?, and UCP-1 was significantly higher and the expression of PTP1B genes was significantly lower than in AT or Vit D groups. Also, the results of this study showed a significant difference between the AT and Vit D groups in the mentioned variables. In addition, after eight weeks of intervention, the serum irisin, and vitamin D levels increased significantly in AT+Vit D, AT, and Vit D grou   However, serum irisin and vitamin D levels were decreased in the diabetic control group.

AbstractPurpose: Sports activity in people can cause adaptations and damages in body parts and bring physical problems and fatigue to the person. Due to its antioxidant properties, consumption of beetroot juice can reduce the side effects of intense training. Therefore, the aim of this research was the effect of acute consumption of beetroot juice on the response of liver enzymes and blood pressure in healthy women after intense outdoor activity.Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental and double-blind study, 30 healthy, non-athlete women aged 20-30 were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12): supplement, placebo, and control. Before the start of the research, blood samples and blood pressure were taken from all the subjects after 15 minutes of rest and in a sitting position in order to measure the indices of delayed muscle stiffness and liver enzymes. For 7 days, the supplement group consumed 200 mg of beet juice daily and the placebo group consumed 200 mg of placebo daily, and the control group had no intervention. In the second session, after a week of taking the supplement, the second blood sample and blood pressure were also taken from the subjects, then the subjects ate a standard breakfast and 1-2 hours after taking the supplement, the protocol of running downhill for 20 minutes with a 15% slope and they performed a speed of 7 km/h, before which the subjects warmed up for 5 minutes with 50% of the maximum heart rate and zero incline. Immediately after the activity and 24 hours after the activity, the third and fourth blood samples and blood pressure were taken from the subjects. The between-group factor was evaluated and the toki test was used to find the location of the differences, and the significance level of the tests was (P<0.05).Findings: The results of the research showed that beetroot juice causes significant changes in AST and ALT and causes them to decrease during the rest period, immediately after the activity and the recovery period, unlike the control group, and also prevents the increase of The procedure of systolic blood pressure and average blood pressure was recovered during the recovery period, but it could not have a significant effect on diastolic blood pressure. In relation to the VAS index, it was able to create a feeling of less pain than the placebo and control groups, and there were significant changes in the thighs of the subjects, the results showed a decrease in the supplement group during the recovery period, but in the other groups No change was made.Conclusion: The general results of the research showed that acute beetroot juice consumption after intense outdoor activity has a significant effect on liver enzymes and blood pressure, muscle pain perception index and thigh circumference.Keyword: muscle contusion, extrinsic contraction, liver enzymes, blood pressure, beetroot juice

   چكيده هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسي اثر يك­ دوره تمرين ميني­ترامپولين بر نيمرخ چربي و شاخص­هاي پيكرسنجي در دختران داراي اضافه­وزن 12 تا 15 ساله بود. آزمودني­هاي اين پژوهش 24 نفر از دختران داراي اضافه وزن شهرستان كرمانشاه (ميانگين وزني 9/3±4/64كيلوگرم با نمايه توده بدني   5/1±5/ 24كيلوگرم بر مترمربع) بودند كه به طور داوطلبانه در اين پژوهش شركت كردند. آزمودني­ها به طور تصادفي در دوگروه شامل گروه تمريني ميني­ترامپولين و گروه كنترل   قرار گرفتند. آزمودني­هاي گروه تمريني، پروتكل­هاي تمريني را 8 هفته، هر هفته سه بار اجرا كردند. يك روز قبل و دو روز بعد از دوره تمرين نيمرخ چربي (HDL,LDL,TG,TC) و دو روز پيش و يك روز پس آخرين جلسه از دوره تمريني، شاخص­هاي پيكرسنجي شامل وزن بدن، نمايه توده بدني، درصد چربي و توده چربي بدن اندازه­گيري شدند. كاهش معناداري را در سطوح LDL، TG، TC، BMI، وزن، درصد چربي، توده چربي بدن و افزايش معني­داري را در HDL نشان دادند. نتايج اين مطالعه نشان مي­دهد كه تمرين ميني­ترامپولين در كاهش وزن، نيمرخ چربي و تركيب بدني دختران نوجوان اثر مثبت دارد. كليدواژه: ترامپولين، شاخص توده بدني، چربي بدن، HDL، LDL

       Introduction : Abstract   Many studies have shown that exercise training is recognized as a strategy to treat PCOS patients. However, there is still no comprehensive data on the type, intensity and duration of exercises for these patients.The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effects of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on inflammatory factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: In this study, 28 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (age 18-40 years, weight 80.08±9.25 kg, height 162.4±10.6 cm) participated and were randomly assigned to two exercise groups (14people) and control (14people) were divided. The training group performed three sessions a week for eight weeks of a high-intensity interval training program, including interval running for 30 seconds with an intensity of 100% maximal aerobic velocity (MAV), 30 seconds of active recovery with 50% aerobic velocity, which In the following weeks, the number of sets and the intensity of training were added. From the beeper test to measure VO2max and taking blood samples from the subjects' brachial veins before and after the exercises in order to measure the inflammatory factors HS-CRP, homocysteine, cortisol, fat profile, HDL, LDL, TG , the amount of insulin and insulin resistance HOMA-IR and testosterone were used, and body composition factors were measured with a specific method. The statistical method of two-way ANOVA with repeated measurement with a significance level of p < 0.05 was used to determine the differences.   Findings: The findings showed that HIIT training reduces body composition weight, fat percentage, WHR, visceral fat, insulin, insulin resistance, LDL, cholesterol, testosterone, cortisol and the ratio of testosterone to cortisol (P<0.05). HIIT training also increases aerobic performance and insulin sensitivity (P<0.05), but there were no significant changes in the serum levels of Hs-CRP, homocysteine, glucose, HDL, triglyceride, visceral fat index, and plasma atherogenic index (P >0.05) and the control group were unchanged or no significant change was observed (P?0.05). Conclusion: The present study shows that eight weeks of high-intensity interval training has beneficial effects on anthropometry, aerobic performance, insulin resistance and sensitivity, fat profile, and inflammatory and cardiovascular indices in PCOS patients. HIIT training intensity (100-110 MAV) seems to be a determining factor in creating optimal adaptation in PCOS patients. Keywords: inflammation, cortisol, high-intensity interval training, homocysteine, polycystic ovary syndrome

زير بيشين? وامانده­ساز بود.   

   چكيده پيش زميـنه:   با توجه به پيشرفت و توسعه ورزش حرفه‌اي در سال‌هاي اخير، ورزشكاران براي بهبود و حفظ آمادگي خود در بازه‌هاي زماني طولاني‌مدت به استفاده از روش‌هاي جديد و مؤثر از جمله دوپينگ عصبي روي ‌آوردند. (tDCS) كه يكي از رايج­ترين تكنيك‌هاي تحريك غير تهاجمي مغز است اخيراً در حوز? علوم ورزشي مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. با اين وجود   مطالعات اندكي در زمينه تأثير تحريك tDCS بر بهبود عملكرد ورزشي، شناختي و ادراكي در فعاليت‌هاي بي‌هوازي صورت گرفتهاست.   بنابراين، هدف از اين پژوهش بررسي آثار tDCS بر عملكرد ورزشي، شناختي و پاسخ­هاي ادراكي در حين و پس از فعاليت بيشينه بي‌هوازي بود. روش تحقيـق:   پژوهش حاضر داراي طرح تحقيق درون گروهي، با موازن? متقابل، به­صورت دوسويه­كور و كنترل اثر دارونما (شَم) بود. تعداد 15 آزمودني مرد تمرين كرد? به­عنوان آزمودني در اين تحقيق شركت نمودند. هر آزمودني در 4 جلس? مجزا در آزمايشگاه حضور پيدا كرد. جلسه اول براي آشناسازي با فرآيند تحقيق و اندازه­گيري­هاي پيكرسنجي و در جلسات دوم تا چهارم آزمودني­ها به صورت تصادفي در معرض سه شرايط مختلف شامل 1) تحريك آنودال ناحيه M1؛ 2) تحريك آنودال ناحي? DLPFC چپ؛ و 3) تحريك شَم قرار گرفتند. در هرجلسه، ابتدا تست استروپ و زمان عكس العمل انتخابي اجرا شد. سپس آزمودني‌ها به مدت 20 دقيقه تحريك مغري را دريافت نمودند. پس از اتمام تحريك، آزمودني‌ها تست وينگيت 30 ثانيه‌اي پايين تنه را انجام دادند. در حين اجراي تست وينگيت در هر وهله آمپلي­تود عضلات VL، VM و RF، ميزان درك فشار، حس لذت و ميزان انگيختگي اندازه­گيري شد. پس از اتمام پروتكل تست وينگيت، تست استروپ و زمان عكس­العمل مجددا اندازه­گيري شد.   ميانگين مقادير متغيرهاي تحقيق جهت تجزيه و تحليل مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. از روش آنواي يك راهه با اندازه­گيري­هاي تكراري براي تحليل آماري داده­ها استفاده شد. يافتـه­ها: نتايج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد كه مقادير اوج توان در شرايط تحريك آنودال ناحيه DLPFC   به شكل معني داري بيشتر از شرايط تحريك شم بود (01/0 =p). همچنين نتايج تحقيق نشان داد كه آمپلي­تود EMG عضله VM در شرايط تحريك M1 و DLFPC به شكل معني داري بيشتر از شراط تحريك شم بود (به ترتيب؛ 02/0 =p؛ 036/0 =p). مقادير شاخص خستگي   نيز در شرايط تحريك آنودال DLFPC به شكل معني داري بيشتر از شرايط تحريك ناحيه M1   و شم بود (026/0 =p). ميانگين مقادير RPE نيز در شرايط تحريك M1   به شكل معني داري بيشتر از شرايط تحريك DLPFC   و شم بود (0001/0 =p). از سوي ديگر، تفاوت معني­داري در نتايج تست شناختي استروپ بين شرايط پيش آزمون و پس آزمون در گروه تحريك dlpfc مشاهده شد (046/0 =p)، اما زمان عكس العمل انتخابي در شرايط تحريك M1 و تحريك آنودال ناحي? DLPFC به شكل معني­داري پايين­تر از حالت شم بود(به ترتيب؛ 017/0 =p؛ 043/0 =p).در نهايت، ميانگين مقادير حس لذت در شرايط تحريك M1 و تحريك آنودال ناحي? DLPFC به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت شم بود (به ترتيب؛ 03/0 =p؛ 043/0 =p)   و ميزان انگيختگي در شرايط تحريك آنودال ناحي? DLPFC و شم   به شكل معني­داري بيشتر از حالت M1 بود (به ترتيب؛ 0001/0 =p؛ 0001/0 =p). نتيـجه­گيـري:

Type 2 diabetes with a high prevalence rate is one of the disorders that imposes adverse physical and mental effects on the patient and ultimately causes a significant reduction in the quality of life, premature death and imposes various costs on the patient and his family, as well as It becomes society. Therefore, it is very important to conduct studies that examine the various aspects of this disorder. Therefore, according to the goals Also, with the spread of the corona virus, which practically changed the lifestyle in many societies and imposed restrictions, including restrictions on attendance and activity in sports complexes, the need to pay attention to efficient training programs without the need for special sports equipment in patients People with type 2 diabetes appear more and more. Therefore, the results of the present research can be used in this field as well. On the other hand, recently a special species of camelina plant has been cultivated in Razi University and despite the favorable nutritional value of its oil, there have not been many studies on the effectiveness of this oil, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the results of the present research are also important in this field and can be used practically.considered for this research, its results can be used practically.  

   Abstract: Introduction: Back pain as a musculoskeletal disorder that has a high prevalence in all human societies. It has always been of interest to therapists. The purpose of this research is the relationship between the angle of the lumbar arch and the length of the hamstring muscles in women aged 30-60 with and without chronic back pain. Methods: In this comparative - correlation study, the number of 108 women with the average age (years) 42.89 ± 9.17, height (cm) 161.99 ± 5.12, weight (kg) 15.20 ± 69.87, body mass index (kilograms per square meter) 26.63 ± 6.27 into two groups, 50 people with chronic back pain and 58 people with no history of back pain. and without a history of back pain, 58 people who were selected by a targeted vote at the Mahdia Clinic in Kermanshah, between September and February, 1400 Pain was assessed by comparing VAS and back arch using a flexible ruler and the length of hamstring muscles with AKE test. the data obtained in the research process were analyzed by Yeoman-Whitne. Results: Research results show that, there is a significant difference between the lumbar arch group of women with history of back pain and the group without history of chronic back pain (P=0.006). also, there is a significant difference between the length of the hamstring muscles of women with history of back pain and the group without history of back pain (0.001). Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the present study, it showed that the lumbar arch of the participants in women with a history of chronic back pain also, the length of hamstring muscles in women with history of back pain was shorter than women without history of back pain. Therefore, there was a weak correlation between the two groups in the two mentioned variables. Therefore, due to the fact that the shortness of the hamstring muscle and the increase in the lumbar arch causes limitation in the anterior tilt of the pelvis, bending of the hip joint and causes extra load on the vertebrae and causes back pain. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the length of the hamstring muscles and reduce the arch of the back As suitable solutions, they should be used to reduce the intensity of pain and disability of patients so that they can prevent the risk of future injuries of these people.

مقدمـه: كشتي پهلواني يكي از رشته­هاي ورزشي كهن در ايران است كه از ديرباز مورد توجه طيف گسترده­اي از ورزشكاران در بسياري از شهرهاي اين ديار بوده است. عليرغم اين علاقه، در سال­هاي گذشته يك نگاه حرفه­اي، چه در سطح مديريت و چه در سطح برنامه­هاي تمريني و پايش­هاي مستمر، در اين رشته ورزشي حالم نبوده­است. اخيراً، با بازنگري در قوانين، تغيير در سبك برگزاري و به­روز شدن بسياري از ابعاد اين رشته ورزشي، رويكرد جديدي در اين رشته ورزشي اتخاذ گرديده است كه لازمه آن انجام مطالعات گوناگون در خصوص ابعاد مختلف اين رشته ورزشي است. يكي از زمينه­هاي تحقيقاتي در اين رشته، بررسي وضعيت ورزشكاران اين رشته ورزشي از نظر ويژگي­هاي تركيب بدني، روانشناختي و تغذيه­اي است. لذا، در اين پژوهش كه با هماهنگي با فدراسيون ورزش­هاي زورخانه­اي و كشتي پهلواني ايران انجام پذيرفت، وضعيت نيم­رخ تركيب بدني و ليپيدي، كيفيت زندگي، خودپنداره و دانش تغذيه­اي كشتي­گيران پهلواني شهر كرمانشاه، به­عنوان يكي از ثطب­هاي فعال در اين رشته، مورد بررسي قرار گرفت.     

Abstract Objective: Considering the importance, prevalence and consequences of overweight and obesity and considering the lack of side effects for supplementation with spirulina and the limited number of human studies conducted in this field, this aimed to investigate the effect of 6 HIIT activity week with spirulina supplementation on serum CRP and CK levels and insulin resistance in overweight women. Methodology: 36 healthy overweight women voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided into one of the exercise + supplement, exercise + placebo and control groups. Body composition and rest blood sample sizes were taken before the research protocol. After that, the training groups performed the HIIT training program for 6 weeks (three sessions per week of two exercises (eight times based on the distance traveled by 300 meters at the specific time of each person with twice the rest time and running time). A distance of 300 meters was added every two weeks. At the same time, they took a spirulina supplement or placebo, depending on the group in which the subjects were. The supplement + exercise group took two 500 mg capsules daily (before lunch and dinner). The placebo group took similar capsules containing sucrose. Anthropometric measurement and second blood sampling were performed 48 hours after the last training session. Blood samples were analyzed to measure hs-CRP and creatine kinase with standard laboratory kits. Repeated analysis of variance with intergroup factor was used to compare the data of the three groups and Banferoni post hoc test was used to determine the differences. Also, a significant level of P?0.05 was considered for all statistical analyzes. Results: The results of the present study showed that BMI changes were not significant in the three groups (P = 0.964), but body fat data (P = 0.001) and aerobic fitness (P = 0.021) were significant. . Regarding creatine kinase (P = 0.005), CRP (P = 0.001), and IR (P = 0.001), significant changes were observed before and after six weeks of training. The results showed that the reduction of CRP and CK in the supplement + exercise group was more than other groups, especially the control group (P <0.05). Changes in insulin resistance were also significant in the exercise + supplement (P = 0.001) and exercise + placebo (P = 0.004) groups compared to the control group. In general, the difference between both training groups and the control group was significant in all variables and the training + supplement and training + placebo groups did not show a significant difference (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the present results, 6 weeks of HIIT program with 90% of maximum oxygen consumption has been able to reduce plasma levels of CRP and creatine kinase and insulin resistance index in overweight women. In other words, high-intensity physical activity reduces CRP and creatine kinase levels and insulin resistance in overweight women by increasing metabolism and reducing fat. However, high-intensity interval training (HII) with spirulina supplementation did not significantly reduce these factors compared to HIIT training alone. Keywords: Spirulina supplement, HIIT, overweight, insulin resistance

The effect of an 8-week aerobic training at home and vitamin D supplementation on serum values of BDNF, NGF, fatigue level and quality of life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis During Covid-19 quarantine Abstract Background: Neurotrophic factors and inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and are the most important target of therapeutic interventions. However, the effect of exercise interventions and supplementation on MS has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate The effect of an 8-week aerobic training at home and vitamin D supplementation on serum values of BDNF , NGF, fatigue level and quality of life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis During Covid-19 quarantine. Methods: In this randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 40 women (20-40 years old) with MS with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of 3-5 were divided into 4 groups including aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation (AT+Vit D: n=10), aerobic training (AT: n=10), vitamin D supplementation (Vit D: n=10) and control (C: n=10). The aerobic training program consisted of 20-40 minutes of 50-70% of the maximum heart rate, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Serum levels of BDNF, NGF, TNF-?, CRP, IL-6, and IL-1? were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Also, the 9-item Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the 26-item WHOQOL-BREF self-report questionnaire were used to assess the fatigue index and quality of life, respectively. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), and Tukey post hoc test using    software version 26 at a significance level of P <0.05. Results: The results show that after 8 weeks, AT+Vit D significantly improved serum levels of BDNF, NGF, TNF-?, CRP, IL-6, and IL-1?, compared with the control group (P <0.05). However, significant improvements were observed in the mentioned variables in AT and Vit D groups compared to the control. The serum levels of CRP, TNF-?, IL-6, and IL-1? were significantly lower and BDNF and NGF levels were significantly higher in AT+Vit D than AT and Vit D groups. The results of this study also showed a significant difference between AT and Vit D in mentioned variables (serum levels of CRP, TNF-?, IL-6, IL-1?, BDNF, and NGF). In addition, after eight weeks, fatigue was significantly reduced in the AT+Vit D, AT, and Vit D grou   while, increased in the control group. Quality of life in AT+Vit D, AT, and Vit D groups significantly increased compared to the control. The results also show that the quality of life in the AT+Vit D was higher than in the AT and Vit D groups. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the combination of aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation might be one of the therapeutic methods that help improve neurological and inflammatory factors, fatigue, and quality of life in women with MS during the COVID-19 quarantine. Keywords: Vitamin D, Exercise, Neurotrophic factors, Cytokines, Coronavirus, Multiple sclerosis   

Multiple sclerosis MS is a neurodegenerative disease that causes damage to the myelin and plaque in different parts of the neurons in the brain, leading to physical and cognitive impairments. Having proper physical activity and nutrition can help improve the condition of these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate 8 weeks of combined (resistance-aerobic) exercise at home with red grape juice supplementation on retrospective, daily and futuristic memory function in women with multiple sclerosis.  Results: The results showed an improvement in memory and quality of life in the supplement, supplement + exercise and exercise groups (p <0.05), although this improvement was more significant in the exercise + supplement group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 8 weeks of combined (resistance-aerobic) exercise at home with red grape juice supplementation on retrospective, daily and futuristic memory function in women with multiple sclerosis improves memory and quality of life in patients. Becomes. But taking supplements alone or exercising alone is less effective than exercising and supplementing at the same time.

   This study investigated the effect of short-term vitamin D supplementation on the antioxidant capacity and muscle damage indicators responses to exhausting aerobic activity in non-athletic men. In this clinical trial, 24 young non-athlete men were randomly divided into two grou   vitamin D supplements ((n=12); daily intake of 2000 IU for 6 weeks) and placebo ((n=12); daily intake of placebo for 6 weeks). EAE was performed on the treadmill twice before and after six weeks of supplementation. Blood samples were taken at 4 stages before and after the first EAE protocol (pre-test 1, post-test 1) and before and after the second EAE protocol (pre-test 2, post-test 2). After six weeks of vitamin D supplementation, following the second EAE lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase, liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP), antioxidant capacity (SOD, CAT, GPX, and POD), and vitamin D levels increased significantly in both groups (within-group comparison of Per 2 and Post 2). In addition, there was a significant increase in the quality of life (P = 0.021) and time of exercise (P = 0.045) in the vitamin D supplementation group rather than placebo. It seems that short-term vitamin D supplementation plays an important role in improving the response of markers of antioxidant capacity, muscle damage, and liver enzymes to EAE and increasing quality of life and exercise performance.

      Evaluationof theperception specified to action at different conditions of focused attention in childrenwith autism spectrumThe main purpose of this study was to investigatethe specific perception of action in different focus conditions in children onthe autism spectrum. The statistical population of the study includes boys withautism spectrum disorder in Kermanshah specialized center.At first, suspected samples of autism spectrumdisorders were identified using the High Performance Autism Spectrum DisordersScreening Questionnaire (ASSQ) And we randomly dividedinto three groups of 15 people:the internal attention, external attention and control group. After presenting the basic principles of dart throwingskills, the same pattern was shown to all subjects. Then, each participant made five dart-throwingexperimental trials to warm up. After 3 minutes of rest,the subjects underwent a pre-test consisting of a block of ten attempts. After15 minutes of rest, and in the acquisition stage, the subjects performed 5blocks of 10 attempts with a three-minute rest interval between blocks. Focusing instructions were repeated before eachexperimental attempt, and subjects were asked to estimate the target sizebefore completing the assignments in each block. To do this, participants used the shape of a circle inMicrosoft PowerPoint to draw circles the same size as dart target. . Participants were allowed to change the size of thecircle as much as they felt the size of the circle would be equal to the sizeof the target. Then, the next day, the subjects performed the retention testand the transfer test.The results showed that the internal focus grouphad better dart throw performance and more specific perception of action thanthe external focus group and the control group. Also, there is a positive andsignificant relationship between dart throw performance and special perceptionof the action of the internal focus group in the acquisition stage. According to the results of the present study, theinternal focus of attention in people with autism spectrum disorder leads tobetter performance and special perception of action than the external focus ofattention on darts.

         Introduction: mental retardation children isn't a new issue, it's available at all times that they haven’t been mentally normal compared to adults mental retardation on chidren because of below the growth norm arnt   able to gain enough benfits from their normal educationl programs, but they will have the growth capacity if it combined with an appropriate among.problems of these people are motor competency coordination motion the spark traning program has been designel to do the physical activity in align="right" dir="RTL" >  items and methods: in this project 40 educable mentally retardation students that they were studing under the supervision of hamedan province.they purposefully chosen from elementary schools in the age range of (7-12) years old . they were divided in to 4 groups wich 2 groups for control ,are for coordination motion and one for motor competency then in both groups the spark training program was tested wich included 24 sessions of 45 minutes. researchers of the project: conclusions showed that nerformace of skills from pretest to both experimental groups has significantly improved. The 24 postest of the experimental groups.the motor competency and coordinations was significant.   Conclusion:   The pattern of results showed that spark traning program can be effective and efficient in improving the course and deliute motor skill , two handed coordination and eye-handed coordination , thus therapists and educator can benefit from training of mental retardation children.    ، spark training   program ، coordination motion ، motor   competency Keywords: . educable Mentally retardation

Abstract Objective: Today, with the spread of food, media advertising and lifestyle changes, the eating habits of children and adolescents have changed. Low-value foods, as attractive, inexpensive and accessible materials, have attracted special attention for children and adolescents, and these materials can have beneficial effects on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. On the other hand, low-value foods can affect the physical fitness of this group of society. Children and adolescents are great assets for the growth and development of any society, and any factor that can develop and improve their physical and mental health should be taken into consideration. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between low-value food consumption and health-related physical fitness factors in male students aged 10-12 years in Kamyaran. Materials & Methods: Out of 1514 students aged 10-12 years in Kamyaran city by multistage cluster sampling method, schools were selected and according to Morgan table, 309 subjects participated in this study. The mean and standard deviation of age was 26.11±0.68 years. In this study, height and weight were measured and body mass index was >Result: There was a significant inverse relationship between low-value food consumption and health-related physical fitness factors including cardio-respiratory endurance, strength and muscular endurance of abdominal muscles and shoulder girdle, and flexibility of lower and posterior muscles (thighs)(P?0.05). Also, there was a direct and significant relationship between low-value food consumption and body mass index (P?0.05). There was a significant relationship between low-value food consumption and nutritional knowledge and behavior in the subjects (P?0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between low-value food consumption and nutritional attitude in the< subjects(P<0.05). Also, there was no significant relationship between low-value food consumption and irrational food beliefs in the subjects (P<0.05). Conclusions: Considering that in the present study, with increasing the amount of low-value food consumption, students' physical fitness decreased and body mass index increased, and knowledge and ta'd behavior decreased, in case of not paying attention to the high rate of low-value food consumption, we will probably see a high rate of non-communicable diseases in adolescents.   Therefore, it is recommended to pay more attention to parents and policy makers in nutrition and physical activities in society and schools and support the national media for these policies. Keywords: Students, Physical Fitness, Physical Activity, Obesity, Low-Value Food   

    Background. Considering Chlorella Vulgaris role in improving immune function, purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of HIIT training and Chlorella vulgaris supplements on levels of oxidative stress markers in overweight men.Materials and Methods: Thirty subjects in this study (22.8 ± 1.2 yrs; 27.1 ± 9.66 BMI) were randomly assigned into three groups (10 N): supplement + exercise, placebo + training and training groups. Before and 48 hours after the end of 6 weeks of HIIT training, blood samples were taken from subjects and used for interleukin-6, insulin and glucose levels measurements. The participants' training program included 6 weeks of intensive HIIT progressive exercise. Subjects of the supplement group received chlorella vulgaris supplementation (300 mg) every four time daily for six weeks, and the placebo group consumed Sucrose tablets similar to chlorella   tab. Significance level (P <0.05) was used for all data analyzes.Results: The results showed that chlorella vulgaris supplementation with HIIT exercises significantly decreased MDA and NO compared to other groups (P <0.05). Also, PC levels when comparing the three groups showed a significant decrease in the supplement + exercise group compared to the training group but did not show significant differences with placebo + training group (P <0.05). Body composition results showed a decrease in body fat and an increase in aerobic fitness of subjects in the exercise + supplement group compared to other groups (P <0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that six weeks of HIIT training with supplementation of chlorella vulgaris caused MDA, NO, PC levels in overweight men.  Keywords: Interval Training, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant, malondialdehyde , protein Carbonyl, Nitrite oxide

  Abstract: Aim of study: human`s health is mostly related to the condition of physical fitness, and knowing the valid references for investigating about the levels of human`s physical fitness regarding the importance of physical fitness on keeping people`s health, assessment and measurement as well as awaring them of their physical conditions is one of the necessities of modern societies. This has been considering by the developed countries, but a comprehensive description about the condition of physical fitness has not been considered so far in our country, especially in Kermanshah; so, the aim of this study was to assess and investigate the male`s physical fitness of Kermanshah city aged 18-60 as well as providing and developing the norm. Method of research: The subjects were 200 males, aged of 18-60 in Kermanshah city that were selected based on the research standards. The variables of cardio-respiratory fitness, percentage of body fat, waist/hip ratio(WHR), flexibility, muscle strength of two hands, chest muscles endurance and abdominal muscles endurance were measured and registered based on the following, respectively: Rockport one mile walking test, measurement of waist and hip with tape measure, flexometer box, dynamometer, press- up and sit-up. I made use of   percentage points with a distance of 5% and mean, percentiles and changes in physical fitness factors based on the age groups were used to analyze the data and formulate the norms, too. Results: The findings of this study in population of Kermanshah males with the average age of 34/82±11/42 year old, height of 179/64±5/297 cm. and weight of 80/97±8/586 kg were as follow; the mean of BMI=26/12±4/016kg/m2, WHR: 0/927±0/25 , flexibility=29/43±5/03cm, muscle strength of the right hand=42/21±8/63 kg, muscle strength of the left hand: 36/02±7/75 kg, chest muscles endurance: 44/18±8/63 push-up, aerobic power=45/14±8/09 ml/kg.min, body fat percentage=23/28±3/42 percent, abdominal muscle endurance: 32/81±6/27 sit-up. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that because of the lack of any regular physical fitness program, the physical fitness factors were reduced with age increasing. The measured variables in ages 18-29 were descending in comparison with ages 40-49 and 50-60 in factors like aerobic power, flexibility, muscle strength of hands, endurance of chest and abdominal muscles. But there was not any differences between the variable of body fat percentage and WHR in categories of 18-29 and 30-39 regarding to the above-mentioned ages. Also, comparing the current norms and the data of other studies, Kermanshah males had better condition than the other cities and countries regarding the variables of aerobic power, flexibility, muscle strength of hands and chest muscle endurance, but they had rather similar conditio   in body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, WHR and abdominal muscles endurance. Keywords: Physical fitness, cardio-respiratory fitness, VO2 max, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility

 Develop and update of physical fitness norm on women in Kermanshah city

AbstractTheaim of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effects of 8 weeksaerobic exercise and Artichoke on liver fat levels and serum levels of ALT andAST in obese or overweight women with non-alcoholic fatty liver. For thispurpose, 32 obese or overweight women were randomly assigned to four groups ofArtichoke, aerobic exercise, Aerobic exercise - Artichoke and control groups.aerobic exercise – Artichoke and aerobic exercise groups performedmoderate-intensity aerobic exercises for eight weeks (three sessions per week)(RPE 11-13). Subjects in the Artichoke group, aerobic exercise – Artichokereceived after meals 60¬Cc Artichoke distillate. Sample collection wasperformed 48 hours before the protocol was executed and 48 hours after the lasttraining session to measure serum levels of ALT and AST and the lipid profile.Ultrasound of the liver was performed 48 hours before the protocol wasperformed and 48 hours after the end of the program to evaluate liver fatlevels. The results of the data analysis showed that performing aerobicexercise three sessions per week caused a significant decrease in the level offat in the liver in this group, and also performing aerobic exercise withsupplementary artichoke also had a beneficial effect on the levels of liver fatin these individuals, But there was no significant difference betweeninterventional groups. However, the ALT and AST liver enzymes only had asignificant improvement in aerobic exercise group, and no lipid profile in anyof the artichoke, aerobic training, and aerobic exercises with artichoketreatment was significant.Key Words: Cholesterol, Obesity, Diet, Type 2 Diabetes, Triglycerides

  AbstractThe purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of a concurrent resistance and cardio respiratory exercise training program of short duration on Salivary Levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), Cortisol, quality of life (QOL), sleep quality, and fitness factors in women with breast cancer. 42 subjects were randomly assigned to either a training (n=21; age: 46.08±8.93 yrs) or control non-exercising group (n=21; age: 46.21±8.71 yrs). The training group followed an 8 weeks exercise program consisting of 3 weekly sessions of 90-min duration, supervised by an experienced investigator and divided into resistance and aerobic training. Salivary sampling was performed before and after the exercise protocol, and sleep quality and quality of life were assessed by the McGill's quality of life (MQOL) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality (PSQL) questionnaire was measured. We found that the change in values of cortisol, sleep quality, quality of life, weight, body mass index, body fat, and Waistline was significant (P<0.05) an 8 weeks concurrent training can change them but the change in values of interleukin-12, and WHR was no significant (P>0.05). These findings suggest a safe, economical method to improve quality of life, sleep quality,   fitness, maintain IL-12, and reduce cortisol in women with breast cancer.  

The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of a concurrent resistance and cardio respiratory exercise training program of short duration on Salivary Levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), Cortisol, quality of life (QOL), sleep quality, and fitness factors in women with breast cancer. 42 subjects were randomly assigned to either a training (n=21; age: 46.08±8.93 yrs) or control non-exercising group (n=21; age: 46.21±8.71 yrs). The training group followed an 8 weeks exercise program consisting of 3 weekly sessions of 90-min duration, supervised by an experienced investigator and divided into resistance and aerobic training. Salivary sampling was performed before and after the exercise protocol, and sleep quality and quality of life were assessed by the McGill's quality of life (MQOL) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality (PSQL) questionnaire was measured. We found that the change in values of cortisol, sleep quality, quality of life, weight, body mass index, body fat, and Waistline was significant (P<0.05) an 8 weeks concurrent training can change them but the change in values of interleukin-12, and WHR was no significant (P>0.05). These findings suggest a safe, economical method to improve quality of life, sleep quality,   fitness, maintain IL-12, and reduce cortisol in women with breast cancer.

  Buchan DS, Ollis S, Thomas NE, Baker JS. The influence of a high intensity physical activity intervention on a selection of health related outcomes: an ecological approach. BMC public health. 2010;10(1):8.2.   Neyse F, Daneshmandi M, Sadeghi Sharme M, Ebadi A. The effect of earplugs on sleep quality in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Journal of Critical Care Nursing. 2011;4(3):127-34.3.   Sezavar SH, Valizadeh M, Moradi M, Rahbar MH. Trend of changes in age and gender of patients admitted in Rasul-e-Akram hospital with first acute myocardial infarction from 1998 to 2007. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. 2010;10(1):29-37.4.   Egred M, Viswanathan G, Davis G. Myocardial infarction in young adults. Postgraduate medical journal. 2005;81(962):741-5.5.   Ghafari S, Hakim S. Sagheb Asl E.[Course of twenty years the prevalence of risk factors model of treatment complications and mortality from acute myocardial infarction in shahid madani’s heart unit in Tabriz (Persian)]. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Science & Health Service. 2008;3(30):89-95.6.   Majidi S, Sharifi M. Comparison of signs and symptoms associated with acute coronary syndrome in male and female patients. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. 2012;20(80):60-6.7.   Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO. Braunwalds heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.8.   KIANI SR, Soudani M, Seyedian S, SHAFIEABADI AE. The effectiveness of stress inoculation group training on Somatization and Anxiety of the coronary heart disease patients. 2010.9.   Azizi F, Rahmani M, Emami H, Mirmiran P, Hajipour R, Madjid M, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian urban population: Tehran lipid and glucose study (phase 1). Sozial-und Pr?ventivmedizin/Social and Preventive Medicine. 2002;47(6):408-26.

  Abstract Background and aims: Obesity is a metabolic disorder that is caused by increased energy intake and reduced energy expenditure. On the other hand, irisin is a new myokine that exerts its positive effects via increasing energy expenditure. However, irisin response to resistance exercise and its related training variables has been less discussed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different rest interval between sets of resistance exercise on serum irisin and blood lactate levels in obese male children. Materials and methods: Twelve obese male children (13.41±1.08 years) participated in the study. On 3 separate sessions of a resistance exercise protocol; subjects were assigned in a random a rest interval of 60 seconds, 120 seconds, or 120 seconds between sets. The RE session consisted of 4 sets of chest press to failure using 60% of 1 repetition maximum. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise at each session. Statistical tests of paired t, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.Results: A significant increase was observed in the serum irisin and blood lactate immediately after three resistance exercise protocol (P<0.05); Also, there was significant difference in study variables in three resistance exercise protocol (P<0.05). Based on Turkey’s follow-up test increased serum irisin concentration and lactate at rest intervals of 60 seconds were significantly higher than rest intervals of 120 and 240 seconds; also, the increase of serum irisin concentration and lactate rest intervals of 120 seconds was significantly higher than of 240 seconds. The results of this study showed that, there was positive and significant correlation between lactate and irisin in resistance exercise a rest interval of 60 seconds, 120 seconds (P? 0.05); while there was no significant difference between lactate and irisin in resistance exercise a rest interval of 240 seconds.Conclusion: These results suggest that the resistance exercise with low resting interval compared to resistance training with high resting interval can increase the levels of irisin in in obese male children. Also, due to the existence of significant positive correlation between serum irisin and blood lactate, high lactate accumulation may be one of the possible mechanisms increased release irisin the result of resistance exercises with low resting interval.Keywords: Obesity, Irisin, Lactate, Resistance Training, Different rest interval

  Abstarct:       Background: One of the most important body responses during ascend to altitude is weight loss, that its one of the ways to prevent obesity-related diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluated the effect of 6 weeks HIIT training in the conditions of hypoxia and normoxia on liver enzymes levels and Maximum fat oxidation in overweight women. Material and Methods: in thise study 20 overweight female and non-athletes participated Voluntary and after recall and were divided into two equal groups. They were allocated randomly in either HIIT training in Normoxia conditions group (age:27.50±3.536 and BMI: 26.94±2.03) or to HIIT training in Hypoxia conditions group (age:26.80±4.05 and BMI:27.38±1.49). Both of groups performed HIIT training for six weeks and three times a week. The HIIT sessions consisted of intervals of 30-s work at 90% VO2peak and 30-s inactive rest, and increased by 5 min every week to reach 45 min in the last week. All exercise sessions started with unloaded 5-min warm-up cycling and ended with unloaded 5-min cool-down cycling at a cadence of 70 rpm. Blood samples were obtained 48 hours before and after six weeks of HIIT training in fasting state. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to normalize the data distribution. Changes of data was analyzed by dependent and independed t-test, at the significant level of P<0.05 and using    version 21. Results: These findings suggest that 18 sessions high-intensity interval training significantly reduced weight and body mass index. It also significantly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and significantly increased the maximum fat oxidation. But the level of alanine aminotransferase and lipid Profiles only in the normoxia group significantly decreased.    Conclusion: According to the results of this study can be concluded that HIIT training in hypoxic conditions is likely to postpone a preventive method for diseases associated with overweight and obesity. Therefore, the HIIT training as an non-invasive and non-pharmacological method is considered   that obese and   inactive individuals is recommended. Key words: Hypoxia, HIIT, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, MFO.

    The aim of present study was investigating the acute and chronic effects of consuming Coenzyme Q10 supplement on rate of creatine phosphokinase after exhaustive aerobic activity of Bruce. For this purpose 12 out of 22 players of youth B’esat Kermanshah football team ranging from 17-19 in age volunteered to take part in this study. The study was conducted in 8 weeks and participants were posited into one situation but into two groups of control (N=12) and experimental (N=12). The experimental group during one session (acute effect) in 8 weeks (chronic effect) consumed 200 milligrams of coenzyme Q10 supplement (2 tablets each100 milligrams) daily. In order to exert muscular damage in subjects, they were tested by exhaustion test. The exhaustive Bruce test (running on the rotary bar model pulsar med 3p manufactured by the German company h/p cosmos) started with a speed of 1/7 miles per hour (2.74 kilometers per hour) and 10% tilt. Then in each stage 1.3 kilometers per hour and 2% tilt was added.   Exhaustion time is when the subjects are not able to run. In order to recognize the exhaustion subjects were talked to while performing the test and they declared that they are unable to continue running. Before and after the Bruce test in all three positons of acute, control, and chronic, 5 cc blood was bled from all subjects’ vein head elbow. BMI was calculated by the body composition measurement set called ZEUS 9.9 .The activity of serum total lactate dehydrogenase enzyme was determined by the LDH kit of Bio-System Company and auto-analyzer set (Biochemistry Synvva). All measurements were done form 9-11.5 pm in the same ventilation and light conditions. Data were analyzed by repeated measure paired – samples T Test at P ? 0.05.The results showed that consuming Coenzyme Q10 after exhaustive aerobic activities (Bruce test) caused a significant decrease of inflammatory markers in subjects’ blood’s creatine phosphokinasein the acute position. But in the chronic position no significant effect of consuming the supplement on decreasing blood’s creatine phosphokinase was observed.Conclusion:   Based on the results, it can be concluded that long-term (8 weeks) Coenzyme Q10 supplementation can reduce aerobic exercise-induced lactate dehydrogenase elevations (cellular damage indices).Keywords: coenzyme Q10 supplement, lactate dehydrogenase, exhaustive Bruce test.

The aim of present study was investigating the acute and chronic effects of consuming Coenzyme Q10 supplement on rate of creatine phosphokinase after exhaustive aerobic activity of Bruce. For this purpose 12 out of 22 players of youth B’esat Kermanshah football team ranging from 17-19 in age volunteered to take part in this study. The study was conducted in 8 weeks and participants were posited into one situation but into two groups of control (N=12) and experimental (N=12). The experimental group during one session (acute effect) in 8 weeks (chronic effect) consumed 200 milligrams of coenzyme Q10 supplement (2 tablets each100 milligrams) daily. In order to exert muscular damage in subjects, they were tested by exhaustion test. The exhaustive Bruce test (running on the rotary bar model pulsar med 3p manufactured by the German company h/p cosmos) started with a speed of 1/7 miles per hour (2.74 kilometers per hour) and 10% tilt. Then in each stage 1.3 kilometers per hour and 2% tilt was added.   Exhaustion time is when the subjects are not able to run. In order to recognize the exhaustion subjects were talked to while performing the test and they declared that they are unable to continue running. Before and after the Bruce test in all three positons of acute, control, and chronic, 5 cc blood was bled from all subjects’ vein head elbow. BMI was calculated by the body composition measurement set called ZEUS 9.9 .The activity of serum total lactate dehydrogenase enzyme was determined by the CPK kit of Bio-System Company and auto-analyzer set (Biochemistry Synvva). All measurements were done form 9-11.5 pm in the same ventilation and light conditions. Data were analyzed by repeated measure paired – samples T Test at P ? 0.05.The results showed that consuming Coenzyme Q10 after exhaustive aerobic activities (Bruce test) caused a significant decrease of inflammatory markers in subjects’ blood’s creatine phosphokinasein the acute position. But in the chronic position no significant effect of consuming the supplement on decreasing blood’s creatine phosphokinase was observed.Conclusion:   Based on the results, it can be concluded that long-term (8 weeks) Coenzyme Q10 supplementation can reduce aerobic exercise-induced creatine kinase elevations (cellular damage indices).