This study presents a comparative evaluation of the effluent quality of the wastewater treatment plant in Ivan, Iran, over two consecutive years (2020 and 2021), employing the Effluent Water Quality Index (EWQI) based on the standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Iranian National Standards. The EWQI was calculated using a dedicated code developed in the Python programming environment, and the obtained results served as the basis for quality assessment and analysis. Findings indicated that, according to the EPA and WHO criteria, the effluent quality in 2020 consistently remained within the “good” range, whereas in 2021, a substantial improvement in the second half of the year elevated the quality to the “excellent” level. In contrast, the Iranian National Standards, owing to their broader permissible ranges for chemical parameters and heavy metals, >Keywords: Entropy Weighted Water Quality Index (EWQI), wastewater treatment plant, EPA standards, WHO guidelines, Iran   

Acidizing is an effective method for enhancing production in carbonate reservoirs, but hydrochloric acid (HCl) has limitations due to its high reaction rate and high corrosivity. These challenges make process control difficult and increase operational costs. As a result, research has shifted toward alternative fluids with slower reactivity and lower corrosivity. One innovative approach in this area is the use of emulsion acids, which help improve reaction control and reduce corrosivity. This study focuses on investigating and optimizing stable emulsion acids to reduce the reaction rate with carbonate rock. For this purpose, the appropriate surfactant combination, optimal HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance), and the effects of salts and nanoparticles on emulsion stability were examined. All emulsion acids were prepared with a 70:30 acid-to-diesel ratio and 15 wt% HCl. Their thermal stability was evaluated at 60°C and 80°C. Surfactants Span 80, Tween 80, CTAB, and SDS did not provide satisfactory stability on their own. Due to its lipophilicity and high HLB, Span 80 was selected as the primary surfactant. The combination of two surfactants with optimal HLB increased emulsion stability compared to the single surfactant systems. However, the combination of the non-ionic surfactants Span 80 and Tween 80 exhibited the least stability. Adding KCl salt to the surfactant mixture improved stability and delayed phase separation. Nanoparticles of tannic acid, boehmite (AlOOH), and graphitic carbon nitride (g _C3N4

In this thesis, the investigation and management of interference for device-to-device (D2D) communication in fifth generation (5G) networks has been discussed. Due to the ever-increasing number of devices connected to the network and the need for more transmission with high speed and low latency, interference management in D2D communication has become a fundamental challenge. As one of the key technologies in 5G networks, D2D communications allow devices to communicate directly with a connection without the need for a base station. This increases efficiency and at the same time reduces, but can increase interference in the network. To solve this issue, two optimization methods using meta-heuristic algorithms are compared: Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Wall Optimization Algorithm (WOA). Genetic algorithm is mainly used in optimization problems due to its high search power and ability to adapt to complex problems. This algorithm searches for optimal solutions using selection, intersection and mutation operations. On the other hand, Wall's optimization algorithm is a new method i  ired by predator behavior that searches for optimal solutions by bubble and circular search. To evaluate the performance of these two algorithms, MATLAB software is used for simulation. Evaluation criteria included efficiency, execution time, and performance volume increase (CDF). The results of the simulations show that the Wall Algorithm (WOA) has performed significantly better than the Genetic Algorithm (GA) in reducing the interference and improving the efficiencies. Also, WOA algorithm has shown shorter execution time and better performance compared to GA. These results show that the optimization algorithm can be used as a treatment solution to manage interference in D2D communication in 5G networks. These findings can help improve the performance of future wireless networks and translate into increased quality of service (QoS) for end users.  

Nowadays, social networks have become an inseparable part of people's lives; As far as most people use these networks to express their feelings about all aspects of life. Because understanding and analyzing these emotions has many applications, such as customer relationship management, checking and observing people's mental health, identifying public emotions caused by a national, global or political event, identifying criminals and improving the efficiency of responsive robots, etc.; Identifying the intensity of emotion from the texts of social network users is considered a very practical and important issue. In this project, we are trying to find the most accurate model for predicting the intensity of emotion from social network tweets with the help of different natural language processing methods, using regression-based machine learning models and neural networks. In this research, we first used basic methods such as Bag of Words, Word2Vec, GloVe and TF-IDF and obtained accuracy on the data of the SemEval2018 Task1 EI-Reg competition, then using modern methods such as GPT2 and model Based on BERT, we perform various tests on these data in order to reach the best possible result in terms of Pearson correlation. The result obtained from the methods used, which is a combination method of different models, is equal to 0.82, which compared to the previous works in this research and the teams participating in SemEval competition is the best result.

   One applications of the nanocomposites is for various membranes for different separations tasks. The alignment of nanofillers in nanocomposites, in addition to the effect of their incorporation, can lead to further improvement in their structural and functional properties. In this research, an attempt was made to incorporate halloysite nanotubes in nanocomposite membranes by the aid of an electrical field and the effect of alignment on CO2 and CH4 gas permeations was investigated. In addition, it was tried to modify the nanotubes by Ag cation with the aim of improving alignability in electrical filed and also improving their CO2 permeability. FTIR, FESEM, EDS, XRD and AFM analysis were carried out on the membranes to evaluate their modification of the structure, morphology and functionalization of nanofillers. The results of the investigation indicated the presence of Ag cations on the nanotubes results in a better, more uniform structure and more aligned nanotubes in the nanocomposite membranes under electric field compared to the membranes prepared without applied electric field. By modification of the nanotubes, more alignment and uniformity were observed than those for the membrane prepared without modification. This can be attributed to the more electrical field susceptibility of Ag cations. Permeability and selectivity of CO2 and CH4 pure gases were measured through the membranes prepared under operating conditions of 25 °C and 5 bar. The measurement results revealed that the incorporation, modification and alignment of the nanotubes increases the permeability and selectivity of the membranes compared to the pristine polymer membrane. The best observed results were for mixed matrix membranes loaded by 1 wt. % of the filler nanotubes. Pebax/HNT (1 wt. %) mixed matrix membranes under direct current electric field of 1000 V/cm showed increments of 30.23 and 12.86 % for CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity compared to those membrane prepared without applied electric field, respectively. The best results were observed for the Pebax/Ag-HNT (1 wt. %) mixed matrix membrane prepared by application of direct current electric field (1000 V/cm) by increments of 84.57 and 33.97 % compared to the pristine polymer membrane; 33.42 and 10.17% compared to the mixed matrix membrane without application of electric field Pebax/Ag-HNT and 57.97 and 21.55 % compared to mixed matrix membranes of Pebax/HNT (1 wt. %) without applied electric field for CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity respectively.

   In recent years, membrane processes have attracted a lot of attention in natural gas separation/sweetening and in this regard the polymeric membranes had a considerable growth in application and performance. Incorporation of modified filler particles is an effective way to further improve the separation performance of these membranes. In this research, the effect of halloysite nanotubes modification agent with polyaniline and their incorporating as filler particles in Pebax-1657 polymer matrix is investigated. Nanocomposite membranes were made in different filler particles’ loadings of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt. % by the solution casting method. FTIR, XRD, EDX, AFM and FESEM structural tests were performed to investigate the modification of nanofillers and their dispersion in the prepared membranes. The results showed the proper distribution of the incorporated nanoparticles in the polymer matrix and the presence of functional groups in the raw and modified halloysite nanofiller. Gas permeation experiments were performed at 25 °C and 5 bar pressure. The results revealed increment effect of the filler particles incorporation on the prepared membranes’ CO2 permeability and ideal CO2/CH4 selectivity up to loading 1 wt. %. The maximum values of CO2 permeability and ideal CO2/CH4 selectivity were obtained at 1 wt. % loading of the raw and the modified filler nanoparticles as 47.05 and 57.19 Barrer, 18.97 and 20.21, respectively, which revel increments 17.27, 42.55, 10.16 and 17.36 % compared to those of the pure membrane. The effect of applying a direct electric current field of 1000 V/cm on the nanocomposite membranes with 1 wt. % was also investigated. CO2 permeability of the nanocomposite membranes incorporated by the raw and the modified nanofiller were measured as 61.05 and 73.01 Barrer and their ideal CO2/CH4 selectivity were calculated as 21.42 and 24.17, respectively, showed 66.76, 27.29, 12.92 and 19.6 % increments compared to the nanocomposite membrane without applying electric field. The improved separation performance of the nanocomposite membranes incorporated by containing PANI modified HNTs can be attributed to their PANI modification in which the CO2 molecules have more affinity toward the PANI functional groups on the HNTs compared to their original OH functional groups of raw HNTs and finally leads to the higher CO2 solubility and permeability through their incorporated membranes. The application of an electric field, especially in the HNT membrane modified with PANI, resulted in more regularly distribution of the filler nanoparticles, as revealed by FESEM images, and finally their higher separation performance.    Keywords: Natural Gas Separation, Nanocomposite Membranes, Halloysite Nanotubes, Polyaniline, Pebax-1657, Electric Field.

  

Hydrochloric acid is commonly used in matrix acidizing in carbonate reservoirs, but is problematic in deep wells due to its high reactivity and tendency to form sludge when the acid comes into contact with asphaltic crude oil. Additionally, HCl-based acids are highly corrosive to well tubing. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of hybrid acids. Formic acid, as one of the main organic acids, along with pure HCl, is often used in the acidification of oil fields. This ionized acid is weak and shows a slow reaction and is less corrosive than mineral acids and has inhibitory capabilities. Our goal in this research is to investigate the effect of hybrid hydrochloric-formic acid on samples of carbonate rock and compare it with pure HCl acid, as well as to investigate changes in the concentration and duration of the effects of these two types of acid on carbonate rock. The positive effect of using hybrid acids compared to pure HCl acid is evident in the test results, which we will discuss in detail later. In this research, the aim is to measure the optimal concentration for an acid that can be used at high temperature, and this acid is used for use in one of Iran's oil formations. For this, the method of kinetic calculations based on titration was used. The design of the experiment was considered by RSM method with two factors of hydrochloric acid concentration and formic acid concentration at two levels of 5-15 for HCl acid and two levels of 5-10 for FA acid. In this research, to evaluate the best concentration of hybrid acid, experimental design and qualitative analysis of the results obtained from the experiments were used, and the concentration of 10% hydrochloric acid and 7.5% formic acid was obtained as the best concentration of hybrid acid. At the end, kinetic experiments were performed at three temperatures of 40, 60, and 80 degrees Celsius on acid with optimal concentration along with stone to calculate the kinetic parameters of the reaction. The results showed that two separate first-order reactions occurred. During the first 28 minutes of the reaction, the dominant acid was hydrochloric acid, and from the 33rd minute onwards, the dominant mechanism was with formic acid. The amount of activation energy was calculated in the first stage for hydrochloric acid 192/8267 J/mol and in the second stage it was obtained for formic acid 9334/127 J/mol.   

acidizing   is the most useful method to deal with damage to the formation. The reservoir rock must have high permeability so that the fluid is not trapped in the pores of the rock. In the design of acidizing operation, one of the biggest problems is determining the amount of effective parameters in well stimulation.In this research, we try to control the reaction rate at high temperature in the oil wells of Azar field by using a mixture of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid. Mixing inorganic acid with organic acid can have many advantages in controlling the reaction rate, especially in high temperature formations. The prerequisite for using this mixture is a detailed knowledge of the kinetics of the stone dissolution reaction in acid. In this research, the changes in the kinetics of rock reaction from calcite carbonate outcrop and the mixture of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid were investigated in the framework of a quick and low-cost test. All the experiments related to the research were conducted in three phases, in the first phase experiments were conducted to learn more about the testing process and to observe the difference between the corrosion of the sample rock with mineral acid and hybrid acid. In the second phase, the goal was to obtain the optimal point, for this purpose Minitab software was used, and according to the intended result and the applications of the central composite design method, this method was used. The range of concentrations was defined as 5 to 15 for hydrochloric acid and 5 to 10 for acetic acid. A total of 13 experiments were obtained, which were tested at a temperature of 50 degrees. The answers obtained from the second phase tests were entered into Minitab software in two ways: all concentrations at different times and all normalized concentrations at different times. But both methods did not have the desired results and could not be used in further research. To continue the research process, the qualitative analysis of the graphs obtained from the experiments was used. According to their analysis, the concentration of 5% hydrochloric acid and 5% acetic acid was chosen as the optimal concentration. In the third phase of experiments, the optimal concentration obtained was tested at temperatures of 40, 60 and 80 degrees Celsius. The comparison of the profile of concentration changes of two samples showed that acetic acid had the ability to replace the consumed H+ ions with continuous and gradual dissociation. Compared to pure hydrochloric acid, this compound has a higher final concentration of 2 M, and at the same time, its reaction speed is lower than pure hydrochloric acid. Therefore, in addition to the positive effects of organic acid on corrosion and control of iron ions, it is also possible to dissolve rock in greater depths of the tank.   

Today, SOI-MESFET transistors have many applications in the electronic world and due to their advantages such as high switching speed and working at high voltage and frequencies and reducing power consumption compared to BULK silicon body technology, but with this advantage There are also some limitations, such as the effect of self-heating and the effect of body buoyancy. In this research, we introduce a new silicon-on-insulator structure, which compared to the conventional structure, has advantages such as higher breakdown voltage, higher drain current, and improvement in RF parameters. In this structure, we have used an oxide region in the channel region. The oxide region is located between the gate and the drain, which causes an increase in the breakdown voltage, and the reason for this is that the breakdown tolerance of the oxide is higher than that of the semiconductor. A metal region is buried inside the oxide region. The metal region improves RF parameters and prevents electric field congestion. In this structure, the breakdown voltage is around 22 volts, compared to the basic structure, which is about 19 volts, we can see an increase of 3 volts, and also the drain current has increased compared to the basic structure, and the RF parameters have all improved, and as a result This structure is ordered to work in high power applications. This research is about a completely new structure that has excellent efficiency for working at very high powers. In this structure, by using an oxide region in the channel, it improves the breakdown voltage from 19 volts in the basic structure to 22 volts. We are new in the structure, and on the other hand, by using nickel and SI3N4 areas, we have improved the ac parameters and increased the maximum transmission power from 0.9 W/mm in the basic structure to 0.998 W/mm in the new structure, so we can safely say that It is an excellent structure for working at high powers  

  فرآيند كاتاليزوري   با استفاده ازتترا كلريد تيتانيوم   وديگر تركيبات وابسته، رايج ترين پروسه توليدي براي چرخه زيگلر ناتااست.روش هاي ديگري در اين چند وقت اخير ابداع شده اند كه همگي منتج به توليد وپليمريزاسيون گشته است ولي رايج ترين و در دسترس ترين روش و بومي سازي شده ترينروش، همين روش مي باشد.اين روش با توجه به تثبيت شدن در تمام جهات اكنون روشياقتصادي مي باشد و از همه لحاظ توجيه پذيري اقتصادي دارد كه مي توان   به بومي سازي شرايط آزمايشگاهي،به وفور در دسترس بودنتجهيزات آزمايشگاهي ،ساخت پلنت هاي متعدد توليدي ،بازدهي بالاي توليد محصول وپليمريزاسيون و... نام برد ولي با توجه به ماهيت پژوهشي علم و اينكه هميشه بهدنبال راهي براي بهبود يافته ها و دستاوردهاي قبلي مي باشد سعي شده كه نقاطضعف   يافته هاي قبلي پوشش داده   شده و به بهبود و خلق پيشنهادات جديد بپردازد.در ابتدا با اضافه كردن كردن عناصر فلزي مانندFeCl3   و SiCl3 در فاز گازي[22] ،كاتاليزورهايي را ساخته و به وسيله روش ودستگاههاي آزمايشگاهي از قبيل SEM،   ETو EDX تاثير اينعناصر بر افزايش فعاليت كاتاليست مورد بررسي قرار گرفتند.سپس در فاز دوغابي واكنش مورد بررسي قرارگرفت.در انتهاي نتايج بررسي در جدولي مقايسه ايگردآوري و جمع بندي گرديد.بحث پاياني كه مهمترين و اصلي ترين موضوع اينپژوهش و شاكله اصلي آن مي باشد به اصلاح و افزايش واكنش پذيري كاتاليست هاي زيگلرناتا مي پردازد.با توجه به وجود الكل و حلال هگزان در چرخهواكنش و توليد كاتاليست ، وجود آلودگي ها و آلكوكسي ها در واكنش اجتناب ناپذير ميباشد.آلكوكسي ها باعث تخريب واكنش اصلي و انجام واكنش كاذب و متعاقبا عدم ايجادزنجيره پليمريزاسيون و توليد پليمر ميگردند.لذا بايستي آلكوكسي ها   به حد قابل قبولي كه نقطه تعادلي بين واكنشپذيري و اقتصادي بودن واكنش باشد كاهش يابند.براي اين منظور روش جديد شستشوي كاتاليستابداع گرديده است.ابتدا با نمونه گيري 6 متر مكعب از پايه كاتاليستمحلول در هگزان شروع به تعيين دماي نقطه ابتدايي آزمايش   است مي نماييم.اين دما اندكي كمتر از نقطه جوشهگزان است. نمونه گرفته شده را به آزمايشگاه منتقل كرده و مو پس از تهيه سياليكدست و كاملا حل شده ، پس از تبخير حلال ،آن را به پودر كاتاليست تبديل مي نماييم.پودرحاصله را پس از تبديل به قرص به دستگاهIR جهت تشخيص ميزان آلودگي به آلكوكسي ها منتقل مي نماييم ونتايج حاصل را ثبت و ضبط مي نماييم. سپس بطور متوالي 14 مرحله ديگر را همين ترتيبكه نمونه را در بازه دمايي بعدي تا توليد قرص كاتاليست پيگيري نموده و جهت تست واندازه گيري آلكوكسي به آزمايشگاه ميفرستيم.با آناليز نتايج حاصله دستگاه IR   مشاهده ميشود كه نرخ كاهش از مرحله پنجم به بعدبشدت كاهش يافته زيرا اغلب آلودگي آلكوكسي ها  در همان پنج مرحله ابتدايي كاهش يافته و نرخ كاهش بعد از مرحله پنجم باتوجه به مقدار هگزان مصرفي و مقوله اقتصادي آن قابل اعتنا نمي باشد.لذا شرايط فرآيندي مرحله پنجم شستشو كه دماي55 درجه و ميزان مجاز الكوكسي 100PPM     مي باشد را به عنوان مبنا انتخاب نموده و از اينبه بعد براي رسيدن به ميزان100 PPM تا پنج مرحله شستشو مي دهيم.  

Review : There are various methods of surface coating to deal with corrosion and wear and other surface damage. One of the easiest and most economical coating methods is electroplating or electroplating. In the past, the best element for electroplating coating was chromium, but today, due to the toxicity of the ions obtained from the chrome plating bath, nickel is used instead of this element. Nickel coating is alloyed with elements such as tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, etc. for better properties. One of the innovations that has led to the production of coatings with better properties and performance is composite coating through the deposition of base and reinforcing nanoparticles. TiO2 and SiC hard nanoparticles are among the most widely used nanoparticles for creating composite coatings. The simultaneous presence of these Nanoparticles in the coating, if they are properly dispersed, can give the coating good chemical and physical properties. In this research, nickel-tungsten coating along with TiO2 and SiC nanoparticles were applied with direct plating current on the substrate of low carbon steel and their wear and corrosion behavior was investigated. The effect of variable Ph parameters, plating time, plating current density, the amount of nanoparticles in the plating bath, and the presence of ultrasonic waves during plating were investigated. In order to check the wear resistance of the pin on the disk, the corrosion resistance of the polarization test was used to determine the existing phases as well as the grain size by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and to check the microstructure of the coating by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The results showed that for nickel-tungsten coating, the optimal pH is 7.5 ± 0.5 and the optimal current is 200 mA/cm2. Adding TiO2 nanoparticles to the plating bath increased the wear and corrosion resistance as well as the hardness of the coating and reduced the size of the crystals. Adding SiC nanoparticles to the bath led to an increase in hardness and wear resistance, as well as a decrease in crystal size and corrosion resistance. Coating in the presence of ultrasonic waves with powers of 40 and 60 led to an increase in the abrasion properties and hardness of the coating, but the increase in the power of the ultrasonic waves led to a decrease in these properties, which is due to the distortion and removal of particles from the surface of the coating due to the high power of the ultrasonic waves. is. In all the powers of the ultrasonic waves, the corrosion resistance decreased due to the cracks in the microstructure.