AbstractIn today’s competitive world, organizations are compelled to adopt modern managerial and production approaches in order to survive, grow, and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Among these approaches, lean production is recognized as one of the most effective managerial and operational strategies, emphasizing waste elimination, continuous improvement, and value creation for customers. The full realization of this approach requires strong intellectual, cultural, and managerial infrastructures within organizations. Accordingly, factors such as corporate governance, intellectual capital, and organizational culture can play a decisive role in the successful implementation of lean production. The present study aims to examine the impact of corporate governance, intellectual capital, and organizational culture on the implementation of lean production in companies located in the industrial towns of Kermanshah and Isfahan. The statistical population consisted of senior managers and experts in production, marketing, sales, and finance, from which 235 individuals were selected as the sample using Cochran’s formula. A non-random convenience sampling method was applied, and data were collected through a standardized questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SMART PLS software. The findings revealed that all three independent variables—corporate governance, intellectual capital, and organizational culture—had a positive and significant relationship with lean production implementation. These results suggest that establishing tra  arent and efficient corporate governance structures, developing intellectual capital through training, organizational learning, and innovation, as well as fostering an organizational culture based on collaboration, trust, and continuous improvement, can directly facilitate the successful implementation of lean production and contribute to achieving the organization’s strategic goals.Keywords: Corporate Governance, Intellectual Capital, Organizational Culture, Lean Production, Structural Equation Modeling

With the development of new technologies, especially artificial intelligence, the insurance industry, as one of the main pillars of the country's financial system, is on the path of digital transformation. The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a model for improving the attitude towards the acceptance of artificial intelligence in the insurance industry. This study was applied in terms of purpose and was conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory research method. The study population included all experts, such as faculty members with relevant resumes and expertise, managers, specialists, and active and expert experts in Kowsar insurance agencies across the country. In terms of data collection method, it was a documentary-field research. Participants were selected using purposive and theoretical sampling methods, and to determine the sample size, sampling continued until theoretical saturation. The data collection tools in this study included reviewing existing documents and evidence, semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and field note-taking. To determine the validity and reliability of the research, triangulation techniques were used, as well as review by key participants and other colleagues of the research team. A three-stage coding technique was used to analyze the data. The results also presented a paradigmatic model consisting of the dimensions of causal conditions (including economic factors, cultural and social factors, etc.), contextual conditions (including managerial and organizational factors, infrastructure), intervening conditions (including legal-supportive factors, educational and research factors), measures (including organizational, educational-research, institutional and governmental factors, etc.), and consequences (including social, technological and innovative factors, etc.). This research states that the adoption of artificial intelligence in the Iranian insurance industry is not only a technological choice, but also a strategic organizational-cultural transformation, the success of which depends on a systemic and comprehensive approach to all influential factors.   

The food industry, as a strategic sector of Iran's economy, plays a crucial role in creating sustainable employment, ensuring food security, and promoting regional development. However, in many less-developed areas, including Kermanshah province, attracting investors in this sector faces structural and institutional challenges. Identifying the factors influencing investment attraction can therefore facilitate economic growth and reduce regional inequalities. This study aims to identify and prioritize methods for attracting investors in small food businesses in Kermanshah. The research is applied in nature and follows a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach. The population included local experts, managers, and specialists active in the province's industrial towns and zones. A purposeful snowball sampling method was used, and finally, 14 experts participated in a fuzzy Delphi process. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires and analyzed using content analysis,    23, and Excel 2013. The findings indicate that attracting investors in less-developed food industry areas depends on four main dimensions: economic, political, governmental, and organizational. Among these, the economic dimension carries the greatest weight, with key indicators including improved production infrastructure, targeted financial support, and workforce skill development. The results can serve as a basis for developing investment attraction policies, improving infrastructure, and enhancing government-private sector interaction in Kermanshah province. Additionally, these findings provide a model for other less-developed regions of the country to guide sustainable regional development and investment strategies.   

   The present study aims to identify and analyze the challenges of creating sustainable employment for individuals with disabilities in workshop units supported by the Welfare Organization of Kermanshah Province. Sustainable employment, a key component in human and social development and crucial for enhancing the dignity and social participation of people with disabilities, continues to face issues such as unemployment and discrimination despite existing protective legislation. This qualitative study employed a qualitative content analysis approach, conducting 20 semi-structured interviews with experts in the field of employment for people with disabilities (using purposive snowball sampling) to analyze the data. Findings indicate that the challenges to sustainable employment for individuals with disabilities are multidimensional and intersectoral, >   Keywords: Sustainable employment of persons with disabilities, welfare, social entrepreneurship, social support, sheltered workshops, empowerment of persons with disabilities

Postcolonial studies provide a critical perspective on Western knowledge about the East and how the East is constructed as the Other of the West. Cinema, as one of the hegemonic tools of power and dominance, and due to its ability to combine and edit images and create subjects while imposing a hegemonic symbolic world through cinematic tools, is one of the effective instruments in constructing the Other and perpetuating dominance. Postcolonial studies offer a new lens for understanding how Others are represented and constructed in cinema. This research, using a postcolonial theoretical framework and a discourse semiotic research method, analyzes the postcolonial aspects of cinematic works from the last four decades by Kurdish and non-Kurdish directors in Iran, focusing on the Kurdish subject as the Other of the dominant Iranian culture and its connection to the political discourses of the past four decades. To achieve the research objectives and questions, 16 films from the population of Kurdish-themed cinematic productions were selected, categorized by the following political discourses: 1) the discourse of the Revolutionary Government (1979-1989), 2) the discourse of the Reconstruction Government (1989-1996), 3) the discourse of the Reform Government (1996-2004), 4) the discourse of the Hope and Prudence Government (2004-2012), and 5) the discourse of the Hope and Prudence Government (2013-2021). The research results indicate that the representation of Kurds and Kurdistan in the first period aligns with the security-military discourse of the Revolutionary and conservative government (1979-1989) concerning the political and military conflicts between the central government and Kurdish opposition parties. The political and social changes and the rise of the Reconstruction Government (1989-1996) continued to influence the representation of the Kurdish subject and Kurdistan, with selected films from this period depicting the Kurdish subject through negative and distorted representations, such as a mercenary and savage figure. The political discourse change and the opening of the political space during the Reform Government (1996-2004) provided an opportunity for Kurdish directors like Bahman Ghobadi to represent Kurds and Kurdistan in their films. During this period, three discourses emerged, including the dominant and governing discourse, the naturalistic discourse, and the discourse of Kurdish directors influenced by the political and social atmosphere of the Reform discourse in representing the Kurdish subject and Kurdistan. With the rise of the Hope Government (2004-2012), the dominant and governing discourse continued to represent and reproduce its hegemonic approach to Kurds and Kurdistan and its Kurdish opposition parties through the lens of sacred defense cinema and military figures, using value-laden terms of violence, hostility towards the people, and dependence on foreigners, reflecting the political changes of the early revolutionary years and the Kurdish movement. In contrast, Kurdish directors' discourse, such as Salim Salavati with the film "The Last Winter," seeks a realistic and anthropological representation of the Kurdish subject and Kurdistan. With the emergence of the Hope and Prudence Government (2013-2021), a discursive shift for the representation of Kurds and Kurdistan as a cultural identity and element in Iran is established, which is reflected in the social and political policies of this discourse.

The present study aims to present a model for the adoption of artificial intelligence in human resource management with an emphasis on improving organizational technological entrepreneurship (case study: Kermanshah Provincial Health Insurance Organization) in Kermanshah Province. This study is applied in terms of purpose and is a qualitative research using the grounded theory method. The statistical population of this study was all experts in various relevant communities, such as experts in the field of human resource management, faculty members with relevant resumes and backgrounds, and other experts in this field. 18 people were surveyed in semi-structured in-depth individual interviews using a non-probability purposeful sampling method using the snowball method until saturation was reached. Data analysis was performed using the content analysis method. Based on the results of the study, causal, contextual, intervening factors, main phenomena, strategies, and consequences were identified through three stages of open, axial, and selective coding using MAXQDA 2022 software. The findings showed that the obtained categories were categorized into 26 categories in 6 main categories, which included the following causal factors: competitive advantages in adopting artificial intelligence, managerial and organizational capabilities, technical and technological infrastructure, challenges and barriers to adoption, and factors facilitating adoption. Contextual factors included organizational characteristics, technological characteristics, external environment and market, human and behavioral characteristics. Also, intervening factors included training and skills development, management and leadership support, organizational culture and technology adoption, data and infrastructure quality, communication and information. Strategies included training and development of human resources, management and leadership support, improving infrastructure and data, increasing employee participation, developing evaluation and motivation models, creating a culture of innovation and learning, strengthening internal and external communications, and the consequences were improving human resource performance, strengthening technological entrepreneurship, increasing technology adoption and culture, improving organizational efficiency, and better strategic decision-making. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that for success in adopting new technologies, it is of great importance to develop managerial and organizational capabilities through holding special training courses for managers and clarifying the goals of artificial intelligence for all levels of management.   

The market value of companies and stock prices can be significantly affected by various factors such as exchange rate changes, liquidity and inflation. The exchange rate has always influenced the behavior of active actors in the financial markets. On the other hand, the prosperity and development of the capital market in Iran can be one of the ways to attract and direct liquidity towards productive activities and achieve long-term and continuous economic growth. Based on this, the current research has investigated the effects of monetary policy uncertainty on Iran's stock returns using the auto-regression with extended intervals (ARDL) approach using annual time series data during the period 1370-1400. The research results show that the effect of monetary policy uncertainty, inflation and exchange rate on stock returns in the long term is significant.   

      Abstract

   Abstract:   The study aims to investigate the motives and mental implications of young girls and women from Sanandaj regarding the category of veil (hijab) and the factors influencing the actions and reactions of young people to implement the changes that have occurred in women's veiling. Understanding the daily lives of individuals and their analysis and interpretation in terms of giving meaning to the transformational phenomenon of veiling are among the necessities of semantic analysis in the study that have been examined. The theory of social constructivism of reality is one of the theoretical foundations of the research to achieve the formed subjectivities and objectivities of the activism of individuals in society. Due to the importance of the present research problem, in order to achieve a sociological analysis of the understanding and experience of young women regarding veiling, using the interpretive phenomenological method and conducting open and pivotal interviews with 15 women, the factors influencing the understanding and lived experience of young people regarding the construction of veiling have been explained within the conceptual framework of grand theory among young women aged 18-24 in Sanandaj. Using purposive sampling, 341 descriptive codes were obtained, and all of these codes were collected and analyzed in the form of a cognitive description of the phenomenon of veiling and its understanding, under 22 interpretive sub-codes. After combining them, 28 interpretive codes and finally 5 explanatory codes were extracted as symbolic factors affecting veiling changes, intergenerational conflicts, the prestige of the private sphere, individualism, veiling valuations, and the culturization of the public sphere.    Keywords: veiling, grounded theory, female youth, Sanandaj      

In the past decade, there has been a significant growth in innovative businesses and startups in the healthcare sector, which have brought about major transformations in the industry by leveraging technology and innovation. The aim of this research is to "identify the challenges and provide solutions for the formation of innovative businesses in the healthcare sector". This research is non-experimental and descriptive (survey) in terms of design and data collection, and in terms of purpose, it is applied and developmental, and from the perspective of the method, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative), with the qualitative part being conducted using content analysis and the quantitative part using the fuzzy Delphi method with a screening and prioritization approach. The population under study in this research included experts in the field of innovative businesses and startups in the healthcare sector, their mentors and consultants, entrepreneurs and founders of innovative companies in the healthcare sector, healthcare specialists and researchers, and representatives and managers of healthcare organizations. The data collection tools in the qualitative part were semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative part, a fuzzy Delphi questionnaire. The results of this research showed that the most important challenges faced by innovative businesses in the healthcare sector include licenses and regulations, economic and financial issues, knowledge and technology environment, organizational and team structure, market and marketing, entrepreneurial ecosystem, technology and communication level, social and ethical issues, healthcare system, education and empowerment of individuals and teams, technical and technological limitations, international environment and foreign market, research and innovation system, knowledge and technology transfer, and cultural environment. The most important solutions identified to address these challenges include political and legal solutions, financial and economic solutions, knowledge and technology solutions, organizational and cultural solutions, marketing and service solutions, empowerment of individuals and teams, technological and innovative solutions, utilization of health system data and information, development of cooperation networks and knowledge sharing, and promotion of sustainable development based on health technologies.   

   Abstract The general purpose of this research was to present a model for the development of entrepreneurial behaviors of women entrepreneurs in Iraqi Kurdistan. The approach of the current research was qualitative and practical in terms of purpose, and it was carried out by the method of data base theory (grounded theory). The community studied in this research included all experts and key informants in the field of the subject under study, such as women entrepreneurs, specialists and experts in the field of women's entrepreneurship in Iraqi Kurdistan. In this research, theoretical saturation was achieved by interviewing 22 people. In order to analyze the data, the three-stage pattern of open, central and selective coding was used. The method of data analysis was three-step coding. According to the findings of the research, the phenomenon in this study is "the development of entrepreneurial behavior of female entrepreneurs in Iraqi Kurdistan", based on the interviews conducted with the studied community and library studies, in the total research coding process, there are 105 concepts, 34 subcategories and 10 main categories. Which includes five categories of "causal conditions", "contextual conditions", "intervening conditions", "adopted strategies" and "consequences of adopted actions". Causal conditions in this research include four categories such as "economic factors" with 5 subcategories (marketing development, competitiveness development, increased risk taking, economic networking, economic stability), "professional factors" with 1 subcategory (empowerment and development of job centers), " "Psychological factors" with 3 subcategories (development of creativity, psychological factors, increasing psychological security) and "technical factors" with 1 subcategory (resolving technical problems and providing raw materials). It is suggested that the authorities and operators should plan to amend and adopt the necessary laws and regulations for the development of women's entrepreneurial culture, the stability of costs and prices, and take the necessary measures, and also the laws governing businesses should be redesigned in such a way that women entrepreneurs can Having the independence to act. KeyWords: Development of entrepreneurial behaviors, Women's entrepreneurship, Iraqi Kurdistan.

   Abstract Extensive studies have investigated the role of institutional factors in the expansion of financial space and have shown that institutional factors play an essential role in increasing the government's income. Among the institutional variables, corruption has been one of the main indicators studied. Among the most important variables affected by corruption is taxes. Tax reforms are necessary to expand the tax base, increase the efficiency of government revenue and support development goals, which in turn strengthens the financial environment. But corruption can prevent these beneficial effects in the financial space. Corruption can prevent tax reforms or delay their implementation. Or by weakening the quality of public spending, eroding citizens' trust in the government and also eliminating any progress in policies that support tax compliance, it reduces fiscal space. The current research examines the effects of tax reforms and corruption control index on the business environment in MENA countries. Considering the non-linear effects using the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) method, an attempt has been made to investigate the role of the corruption control index in modeling the impact of tax reforms on the business climate. In this research, the panel mild transition regression (PSTR) method has been used to investigate the effect of tax reforms by considering the fluctuations of the corruption control index. Time data related to the time period from 2000 to 2018 in MENA region countries were used and statistical analysis was done. The results of the research show that tax reforms have a positive and significant effect on the business environment. Also, the corruption control index plays a negative and significant role in determining the health of the business environment. Based on this, it seems that reducing tax corruption can help improve business conditions. By providing important and useful results, the current research will help the decision makers and policy makers of the region to formulate and implement more appropriate tax policies and also pay special attention to reducing corruption in this area.

Gender diversity on the board has become more important in recent years. Female managers choose a much shorter debt maturity structure compared to their male counterparts. Financing decisions have an important place in corporate finance literature. According to studies, the presence of women in the management fields of companies, especially in the board of directors and audit committees, has grown significantly in recent years. According to the above, the main goal of the research is to study the role of the debt maturity structure in influencing the gender diversity of the board members on financing decisions. The research method is practical in terms of purpose. In terms of logic, it is deductive-inductive. It is temporary in terms of time. It is little in terms of data type. In terms of the implementation method, it is a descriptive survey, and the research method is causal and retrospective in terms of the relationship between the variables. The statistical population of the research consists of the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange in a period of five years (2018-2022); Of the 784 companies admitted to the stock exchange, 145 companies were selected as samples using the systematic elimination method (screening). Research results show that; There is a significant relationship between gender diversity of board members and financing decisions. Also, debt maturity structure has a significant effect on the relationship between gender diversity of board members and financing decisions. the results showed that; Understanding how gender diversity affects corporate decisions has become important as the number of female executives increases. Also, socially conscious corporate policies, such as gender diversity, interact to influence key corporate decisions. By choosing a firm's debt maturity structure, managers not only determine firms' financing decisions, but also determine the extent of external monitoring by financial markets based on the frequency of debt refinancing. It is expected that the influence of female managers on the choice of debt structure will be different than that of male managers because there are inherent differences in psychology (assurance and risk tolerance) and ethics (tra  arency and extracting private interests). Female managers choose much shorter debt maturity structures than their male counterparts. Female managers are more aligned with shareholders' interests because they choose a higher proportion of short-term debt after controlling for other determinants of debt maturity structure.   

   Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and evaluating a local model to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship education on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors in Soliko company. The approach of the current research was mixed (qualitative-quantitative), in the qualitative part of the content analysis method and in the quantitative part of the descriptive-correlation method, it was investigated using the structural equation modeling method. In this research, the community studied in the qualitative part included experts who have scientific expertise and work experience in the field of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education, which includes university professors, experts and researchers who have indicators such as experience (at least ten years), appropriateness of the field of study. , have a doctorate degree, teaching experience at the university, research and authoring experience in this field, and also experienced managers with relevant degrees of Soliko company. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included all managers and employees of Soliko Kale company, numbering nineteen thousand people. In the qualitative part, the participants were selected using the purposeful sampling method, which sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. In the quantitative part, there were 384 employees and managers of Solico company, who were randomly selected using the Morgan and Krejci table. In the qualitative section, in order to present the model of the effect of entrepreneurship education on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors, the technique of qualitative content analysis was used using the qualitative software MAXQDA version 2020. In the quantitative section, data analysis in two sections of descriptive statistics (including frequency, frequency and ...) and inferential statistics (including structural equation modeling) were performed using    version 25 and PLS version 3 software. In this research, the results showed that entrepreneurship training in Soliko has 10 dimensions, such as training and awareness, business planning, facilitating innovation and product development, financial management, human resource management, communication and team skills. Risk management, networking, problem analysis and problem solving, and social responsibility were identified, and also the dimensions of developing entrepreneurial behaviors of Solico company employees included 6 dimensions such as empowerment, encouraging employees, teamwork, flexibility, creating an active environment, and risk taking. The results of the research hypothesis also showed that entrepreneurship education directly affects the development of entrepreneurial behaviors by 60%, so in general, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship education has an impact on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors of Soliko company. Therefore, in this regard, it is suggested to the managers and officials of Soliko company to introduce the employees of the organization to the field of entrepreneurship and technology by holding courses and workshops related to the management of startups, in order to provide the opportunity to share and strengthen innovative ideas, and - also the employees of the organization support to create bold vision and new opportunities among them by increasing their experience.       Key words: entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial behavior, development of entrepreneurial behaviors, Solico company, mixed approach.   

   Abstract Due to its historical, natural and cultural attractions, Iran has pristine and unique grounds for the development of tourism. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing and evaluating a model for the development of ecotourism internet businesses with a mixed approach. The study population of this research in the qualitative part included all the experts in this field and the statistical population in the quantitative part was the owners of eco-tourism businesses active in the Instagram social network. The participants in the qualitative section were selected using the targeted sampling method in the number of 20 people, and in the quantitative section, they were 185 people, of which 150 responded. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, a semi-structured interview was used. The interviews were finally categorized in the form of 116 codes in 14 subcategories and 5 main categories using the three-step coding method; And then, in the quantitative part, the researcher-made questionnaire was divided among the statistical sample of the quantitative part after validation. Then, using the structural equation model and Amose22 software, the model extracted from the qualitative part was validated. The findings showed that in the category of causal conditions, there were sub-categories of factors related to platform, content and access, also in the category of contextual conditions, there were sub-categories of technological and executive factors, and also in the category of intervening conditions, there were sub-categories of policy, legal, cultural and social. And the categories of strategies, including improving financial activities, improving technological promotion, improving customer-oriented strategies, and the categories of consequences, including job productivity, continuity of communication with customers, all have a direct impact on the ecotourism internet business development model. In the quantitative part, the identified categories were able to explain about 36% of the variance of the dependent variable. Attention and planning to improve the identified variables for ecotourism business owners can improve these businesses. Keywords: active e-businesses, tourism industry, social networks.. Abstract

The general purpose of this research was to present a paradigmatic model for the revival of ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in the post-corona era. The approach of the current research was qualitative and applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out with the method of data base theory (grounded theory). The community under study in this research includes all experts and key informants in the field of the subject under study, such as experts, experts and planners, and experienced ecotourism business owners with relevant educational qualifications in the field of the subject under study at the level of Chaharmahal province and It was Bakhtiari. The sampling method of the current research was purposeful and theoretical. In this research, theoretical saturation was obtained by interviewing 30 experts. In order to analyze the data, a three-stage pattern of open, central and selective coding was used. Based on the results of the interviews, there are 181 concepts and 21 categories describing causal conditions with 5 categories (including economic-financial factors, educational factors, mental-psychological factors, technical-infrastructural factors and sanitary-health factors), background conditions with 2 categories (including managerial factors and marketing-advertising factors), conditions An intervention with 4 levels (including environmental factors, legal factors, social factors and support factors), the phenomenon of "revival of ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in post-corona" with 4 concepts, effective measures in revitalizing ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province with 4 >KeyWords: Revival of businesses, Tourism, ecotourism accommodations, Post-corona era. The general purpose of this research was to present a paradigmatic model for the revival of ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in the post-corona era. The approach of the current research was qualitative and applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out with the method of data base theory (grounded theory). The community under study in this research includes all experts and key informants in the field of the subject under study, such as experts, experts and planners, and experienced ecotourism business owners with relevant educational qualifications in the field of the subject under study at the level of Chaharmahal province and It was Bakhtiari. The sampling method of the current research was purposeful and theoretical. In this research, theoretical saturation was obtained by interviewing 30 experts. In order to analyze the data, a three-stage pattern of open, central and selective coding was used. Based on the results of the interviews, there are 181 concepts and 21 categories describing causal conditions with 5 categories (including economic-financial factors, educational factors, mental-psychological factors, technical-infrastructural factors and sanitary-health factors), background conditions with 2 categories (including managerial factors and marketing-advertising factors), conditions An intervention with 4 levels (including environmental factors, legal factors, social factors and support factors), the phenomenon of "revival of ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in post-corona" with 4 concepts, effective measures in revitalizing ecotourism businesses in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province with 4 >KeyWords: Revival of businesses, Tourism, ecotourism accommodations, Post-corona era.   

  Abstract: The current research has been carried out with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the challenges of tourism businesses in the field of social security. The research is practical in terms of its purpose and has benefited from the research method. The population studied in the research includes the managers and administrative personnel of the Social Security Organization, Cultural Heritage Organization, hotels, travel and tourism service companies, who were interviewed using the snowball sampling method in the qualitative part of 16 in-depth semi-interviews. It was structured and in the quantitative section, 50 samples of experts in this field with the most expertise were selected. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was verified by experts in the qualitative section by selecting a suitable sample and reviewing the participants, and in the quantitative section, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.72%). In the qualitative section, the codes were checked and extracted using the content analysis method. The findings indicate the extraction of 6 main categories and 9 subcategories. The main categories are; The challenges of the tourism field are the issues of laws and regulations, the challenges related to the social security organization, and finally the challenges of the policy making field. The findings of the qualitative section were prioritized with the help of the Friedman test method, and according to the analysis, the lack of definition of new laws appropriate to the present time with the rank (09/64), the vagueness of the contracts in the field of tourism businesses with the rank ( 13/63), lack of precise definition of tourism jobs and its separation from other areas with a rating (06/62), more focus of the social security organization on the treatment sector than the tourism sector with a rating (05/62), lack of appropriate laws And according to the field of tourism with a rank of (61/87), the lack of discounts and suitable privileges for the insured and pensioners of the field of tourism with a rank of (61/31) and insufficient information of the organization and other active departments in this field with a rank of (60/67) ) has the highest priority and factors; Inappropriate efficiency of current tourism centers with a rating (17/49), seasonal and temporary employment in tourism businesses with a rating (12/25), employers' unwillingness to insure personnel in this area with a rating (25/27), a decreasing trend Attracting tourists with a rating of (25.29), low growth of tourism businesses in Iran with a rating of (25.33) and poor advertising with a rating of (25.78) had the lowest priority according to the respondents. Therefore, it is suggested that managers provide training for employees and the integration of information in the organization. Key words: challenge, business, tourism, social security

  This study was

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   The concern of knowing and mastering the future has always been one of the inherent curiosities of mankind; Curiosity that is mixed with financial interests has increased its value. The science of futurology deals with knowing and discovering the future with a practical view. This approach requires every business today. The present study was conducted with the aim of future research of the health products market of knowledge-based companies in Kermanshah province. The research approach used is mixed. The statistical sample of the research included 16 experts from knowledge-based companies that produce health products, who were selected based on the purposeful snowball sampling method. In various parts of the research, as needed, various tools such as in-depth semi-structured interview, group discussion, review of documents and questionnaires were used. The findings of the first stage of this study were based on the identification of 24 key indicators, which were categorized into four categories of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses according to the SWOT matrix, and subsequently the market development strategy was formulated and presented. Using the Delphi-fuzzy analysis approach, the most important strategies for planning in the future for the development of markets were identified and prioritized in 32 strategies, which were divided into 8 categories. The results indicate that the knowledge-based companies that produce health products in Kermanshah province should continuously analyze the environment and market with appropriate planning to create valuable resources in the future, have a successful presence in domestic and foreign markets, and effectively deal with sanctions. As well as dealing efficiently with unexpected events, and besides developing knowledge and new technologies, they should give importance to employing expert and efficient people, especially in the field of marketing.

Identifying and Analysis of the factors affecting Acceptance of Business Intelligence in Kermanshah Hospital  

   Today, entrepreneurship is one of the most important components of the development and excellence of organizations, economic development, fostering creativity and tools to eliminate unemployment, and it has been given serious attention these years. Organizational entrepreneurship as a branch of entrepreneurship is of interest to organizations to create value and develop and improve themselves. The insurance industry, as one of the most important economic sectors of the society, should focus on organizational entrepreneurship and organizational creativity for its development, value creation, impact on the unemployment rate, and in one word, the economic development of the society. Something that has not been given serious attention so far and seems to be facing obstacles. Understanding the importance of organizational entrepreneurship, this research seeks to identify its obstacles in the country's insurance industry. The current research, which is a qualitative research, was conducted with the method of qualitative content analysis and with the snowball data collection method until theoretical saturation. It should be mentioned that the statistical population of this research is the managers and activists of the country's insurance industry.

   Investigating the Functional Effect of Local Government on Employment and Investment (Case Study: Kermanshah Provincial Planning and Development Council)    Abstract The Planning and Development Council of the province is the highest decision-making and supervisory body in the dimensions of economic and social development, which should be in order to coordinate and monitor the management and development of comprehensive and sustainable investment in the province, pursue territorial justice, strengthen decentralization, increase the province's authority. And strengthen the role and position of the provinces in leading and managing endogenous and extroverted regional development and achieving the goals of the resistance economy, etc. The importance and position of the council in the development of the province as the engine of development is clear to all managers and experts; Therefore, the meetings and approvals of the council should be in such a way that it pursues the development goals of the province, and specialized working groups, as the powerful arms of the council, should perform their role well in the form of the tasks specified in the executive regulations. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the functional effect of local government on employment and investment (case study: Kermanshah Planning and Development Council). The data used in this research are two parts. The first part includes reviewing the approvals of the meetings of the council and the economic, employment and investment working group under the council during the years 2016-2017, and the second part contains a questionnaire (researcher-made) of experts, experts and managers (council and working group). Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between local government and employment and investment. In other words, the council can create employment, improve the investment and business environment and vice versa. The results extracted from the perspective of experts and managers who are members of the council and the working group show that the local government has not been able to function effectively in the field of employment and investment. Therefore, it is necessary for local government decision-makers to emphasize the observance of the provisions of the executive regulations of the council without compromising, holding, managing and taking more responsibility within the powers of meeting members, synergy and participation of all members in order to achieve the goals of the legislature to solve problems. Provide employment and investment. As well as alignment with local government sub-groups (including Economic, Employment and Investment Working Group) to make decisions within the framework of upstream laws and regulations and in accordance with the provisions of the Executive Regulations of the Provincial Planning and Development Council in accordance with the duties and powers of the Economic Working Group. Employ employment and investment. In this regard, activating the supervisory role of the State Budget and Planning Organization on the activities of the council and working groups in order to implement the approvals of these institutions with upstream documents and provide feedback to optimize the actions and approvals of local government is necessary. Keywords: Local Government (Provincial Planning and Development Council - Economic, Employment and Investment Working Group), Institution, Planning, Decision Making, Decision Making, Supervision, Kermanshah Province

چكيده بروز آسيب‌هاي اجتماعي گوناگون و فقدان برنامه‌ريزي‌هاي كلان در كشورها امكان ادام? روند رشد طبيعي و زندگي بهنجاري را براي برخي از كودكان مختل مي‌كند. در كشور عزيزمان هم كودكان و نوجواناني وجود دارند كه به دلايل‌ گوناگوني با آسيب‌ها و مشكلات زيادي مواجه هستند. كودكاني كه دستخوش معضلات و آسيب‌ها قرار دارند و جامعه را با پديد? نوظهوري به نام كودكان كار روبرو ساخته است كه بيشتر به دلايل مشكلات اقتصادي و فقراز نيازهاي اولي? خود مانند: تحصيلات بهداشت   و ... بي‌نصيب‌اند و بـا مشكلات زيادي روبرو هستند. عدم توجّه   به آنها مي‌تواند در آيندة نه‌چندان دور سلامت بخش وسيعي از جامعه را تهديد كند. يكي از اقدام‌هايي كه مؤثر براي ازبين‌بردن مشكلات اجتماعي كه كودكان كار يكي از آنهاست؛ استفاده از تلاش‌هاي كارآفرينان? اجتماعي در جامعه است. كارآفريني اجتماعي مسائل اجتماعي را نشان مي‌دهد و براي توانگر سازي جامعه‌هاي بشري مورداستفاده قرار مي‌گيرد. براي اين كه بتوان زمين? كارآفريني اجتماعي را گسترش داد و پس از آن بر اساس اين راهكار به حل مسئل? كودكان كار پرداخت. نياز به شناخت ظرفيت كارآفريني اجتماعي در اين زمينه است. در همين راستا مقصود و هدف اين پژوهش كه كاربردي و با رويكردي آميخته (كيفي - كمي) انجام شده است. شناسايي ظرفيت كارآفريني اجتماعي در بهبود شرايط كودكان كار در شهر كرمانشاه است. در قسمت نخست اين پژوهش با روش كيفي صورت پذيرفته است با 20 نفر از مديران و كارشناسان فعال در حيط? كارآفريني اجتماعي و حوز? كودكان كار در كرمانشاه كه به شيوة هدفمند برگزيده شدند كه شامل: مديران و كارشناسان   مراكز و مؤسسات غيردولتي و سازمان‌هاي مردم‌نهاد در كرمانشاه، كارآفرينان اجتماعي فعال در حوز? كودكان كار در كرمانشاه،   مديران و كارشناسان اداره بهزيستي كرمانشاه، مديران و كارشناسان   كميته امداد امام (ره) كرمانشاه   و مديران وكارشناسان شهرداري كرمانشاه بودند مصاحبه عميق و نيمه ساختارمند صورت گرفت و پس از آن كه اشباع نظري به دست آمد؛ به روش داده‌بنياد (GT) در سه‌مرحله‌اي كه در روش داده‌بنياد صورت مي‌گيرد (كدگذاري باز كدگذاري محوري كدگذاري انتخابي) مورد تجزيه‌وتحليل قرار گرفت كه نتايج بخش كيفي شامل: 3 عامل علّي 8 عامل زمينه‌اي 4 عامل مداخله‌گر 4 عامل راهبردي و در نهايت 3 پيامد (دستاورد ) با زير مقوله‌هايشان هستند كه دراين‌خصوص مؤلفه‌هاي "ايجاد شغل براي والدين كودكان كار و حمايت" و "هدايت شغلي والدين كودكان كار" از بين مؤلفه‌هاي عوامل علّي مورد بررسي بالاترين رتبه را   به خود اختصاص دادند و مؤثرترين مؤلفه‌ها بر بهبود شرايط كودكان كار شناخته شدند همچنين مؤلفه‌هاي "ضعيف بودن مسئوليت اجتماعي مردم و مسئولين و "فقر فرهنگي" و "پايين بودن سطح تحصيلات اجتماعي" از بين مؤلفه‌هاي عوامل زمينه‌اي مورد بررسي و "وزارت كشور و استانداري" از بين مؤلفه‌هاي عوامل مداخله‌گر مورد بررسي و مؤلفه‌هاي" آموزش مهارت‌هاي فردي و اجتماعي" و "آموزش مهارت والدين كودكان كار" از بين مؤلفه‌هاي عوامل راهبردي مورد بررسي و درنهايت مؤلفه‌هاي "مشاركت اجتماعي" و "اشتغال‌زايي و كاهش بيكاري" از بين مؤلفه‌هاي پيامد (دستاوردها) مورد بررسي ظرفيت كارآفريني اجتماعي بالاترين رتبه را به خود اختصاص دادند. و در ادامه در قسمت كمي پژوهش براي صحه‌گذاري نتيجه‌هاي به‌دست‌آمده بخش كيفي و عموميت دادن به داده‌ها و فراگيري‌اش 22 فرضيه گردآوري و سؤال‌هاي پرسش‌نامه بر مبناي آن تنظيم شد. براي تأييد دادهاي حاصل از بخش كيفي، نمون? آماري در قسمت كمي   پژوهش 100 نفر به صورت هدفمند و در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به‌وسيلة پرسش‌نامه‌اي با ضريب پايايي 92/0 داده‌هايي كه موردنياز بودند؛ جمع‌آوري و فرضيه‌ها در دو مرحله با استفاده از روش‌هاي آماري و در نرم‌افزارهاي    و LIESERL آزمون شدند. در مرحل? نخست داده‌هاي به‌دست‌آمده از طريق پرسش‌نامه را بوسيل? نرم‌افزار      به شيو? «آزمونt   (استيودنت) و آزمون فريدمن تجزيه‌وتحليل و در مرحل? دوم داده‌هاي به‌دست‌آمده از طريق پرسش‌نامه، بوسيل?   آزمون تحليل عاملي اكتشافي و تأييدي با نرم‌افزار    و LISREL تحليل شدند.    كليد واژگان: كارآفريني، كارآفريني اجتماعي، كارآفرين اجتماعي، كودكان كار، رويكرد آميخته   

  With the advent of toxins in the food chain, people's awareness and sensitivity to the destructive consequences of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on the environment increased. Over the past few decades, excessive use of chemical pesticides to control pests and plant diseases has created many problems for humans, the environment and other living organisms living in natural habitats, so that by consuming toxins in food production farms, toxins have entered the human food chain. One of the consequences of human diseases is one of its consequences. On the other hand, since medicinal plants are a subset of agriculture, their proper and planned exploitation can lead to economic prosperity and solve many problems in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and environmental industries; Therefore, in the face of environmental, social and economic impacts, industrial cultivation; The production of sustainable and healthy food and medicine seems more vital than ever. Therefore, the formation of green entrepreneurship is mainly focused on increasing environmental issues and its development can play an important role in creating sustainable employment, reducing environmental problems, reducing diseases and illnesses caused by the consumption of unhealthy food and chemical drugs. The main purpose of this study is the strategic analysis of green entrepreneurship in the field of medicinal plants in Kermanshah. This research is applied in terms of type of purpose and based on the nature in the exploratory mixed research group (qualitative-quantitative). Targeted and snowball sampling was conducted with 16 farmers cultivating medicinal plants, managers and experts of Jihad Keshavarzi, natural resources experts and activists in the field of medicinal plants in-depth and semi-structured interviews. In the data analysis stage, all the information obtained from the interviews, after being handwritten, was repeatedly reviewed and re-read, and the initial codes were extracted from them. The codes that referred to a concept and were placed in a category were then placed in a concept, and the concepts related to a category were placed in a category on a more abstract level. Then, in order to explain and analyze the current situation regarding green entrepreneurship in the field of medicinal plants, a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was extracted. Based on the research findings, the obtained categories including 5 categories as strengths, 4 categories as weaknesses, 6 categories as opportunities and 7 categories as threats were extracted. In a small step, to rank the SWOT factors and sub-factors and select the best strategy, in the form of AHP-SWOT technique and using Expert Choice11 software. According to the findings, green entrepreneurship strategies in the field of medicinal plants include: use of appropriate infrastructure and capable forces to improve the employment situation, reform of decision-making methods, planning and policy-making to improve the employment situation, strengthening supervisory and control systems. Quality of life of individuals in society, strengthening marketing, advertising and education by using specialized and capable forces, creating coordination between decision-making institutions using elites in order to make maximum use of suitable substrates of medicinal plants, strengthening marketing and programming Effective policymaking in the field of green entrepreneurship is the use of efficient oversight systems to integrate the power of decision-making institutions.

this study aimed to analysis the barriers to entrepreneurship in the mobile games industry in Iran. In order to prepare the data, first by studying the theoretical foundations and literature of the research and the existing documents related to the research topic through content analysis, the existing barriers to entrepreneurship in the mobile games industry were identified and   Then, through Delphi method, these barriers were approved and prioritized. The present study is a in terms of applied purpose, in term of data collection descriptive and It is a mixed research in terms of methodology. The statistical population in the content analysis method included all Internal and external scientific sources and documents and research literature and existing background related to the research topic. the statistical population of the study in Delphi method were experts in the field of technology, video games and mobile phones in the country, who were selected by purposeful sampling method in the form of snowball and according to indicators such as experience, ability, desire, participation and availability and 25 panel members Delphi collaborated with the researcher until the end of the third round. The results show that in the content analysis method, 67 indicators for   the barriers to entrepreneurship in the mobile gaming industry were extracted and the Delphi phase of the research began and then in 3 rounds of Delphi, 24 indicators were added to the indicators and out of 91 indicators proposed in the Delphi rounds, 55 indicators were approved by the panel members. the Suggested pattern of this research has 6 dimensions, 28 components and 54 indices. It can be concluded that entrepreneurs in the path of activity in the mobile games industry face barriers related to the dimensions of financial barriers, human barriers, cultural barriers, infrastructure barriers, legal barriers and managerial barriers. In the continuation of the research, solutions and suggestions are presented in order to eliminate these obstacles.

Just as the importance of entrepreneurship in today's societies is not hidden from anyone, the value and importance of entrepreneurship education in reducing unemployment and sustainable development of countries is an inescapable issue; On this basis, in our country, every year an increasing number of universities and governmental and non-governmental educational centers turn to entrepreneurship education, but the issue that is very important is the pathology of entrepreneurship education because if there are major injuries in the body of university entrepreneurship education and Failure to respond properly will waste all the funds spent in this area. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the pathology of entrepreneurship education at Razi University with the help of the four-dimensional F   model and to analyze the possible damages of this complex in four functional, process, structural and systemic dimensio   Therefore, with the help of the integrated (quantitative-qualitative) approach, among the 4570 students who passed the General Entrepreneurship Unit in different faculties in the academic year 1399-1400, 357 people were selected as a statistical sample and their opinions were assessed using a questionnaire. It was found that entrepreneurship education in Razi University is in a relatively unfavorable situation in the functional dimension and in a relatively favorable situation in the process, structural and systemic dimensions. In the next step, ie in the qualitative part of the research, in order to achieve useful solutions to improve the situation, the opinions of 5 relevant experts and professors were collected with the help of interview tools and the content of 15 documents, articles and researches in this field. Content analysis was reviewed and then practical solutions to eliminate the existing harms and improve the general situation of entrepreneurship education in Razi University of Kermanshah were proposed.   

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on businesses in the tourism sector of Oramanat region of Kermanshah province and to provide solutions to address them in the crisis. The research was quantitative-qualitative in nature and with inductive approach. Quantitative data were collected by Khosravi standard questionnaire (1400) and the data were analyzed by    26 software. Qualitative information was obtained through interviews and this information was analyzed by coding method using qualitative content analysis. The study population in this study is in the quantitative part of tourism business owners who used the census method for sampling and in the qualitative part were field experts and experienced business owners who were selected from the purposeful method. The Corona crisis was one of the new crises that, in addition to endangering human health, had unprecedented effects on various businesses, including tourism businesses. The closure of businesses in this area and the lack of income and unemployment of people had a negative impact on employment and had a great economic impact on the families involved. Using the results of the questionnaire, we prioritized the dimensions of business resilience, according to which the economic capacity in the first priority and the dimensions of policies and support, socio-cultural, communication-information capacities, The psychology of human resources, foresight and opportunity, changing and modifying marketing strategies, adhering to health protocols, brand identity, situational awareness, human resource management and adaptation are in the next priorities, respectively. And using the results of the interview, strategies such as government support and banking policies, improving the economic conditions of the people, compliance with health protocols by the people, changing and reforming business strategy, insurance coverage, human resource management and economic capacity to help The resilience of tourism businesses in the crisis was presented.   

   Entrepreneurship is an economic activity, because a new business is started and managed with the intention of creating value and financial profit and through the optimal use of limited resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the entrepreneurship of rural women in Nahavand. This research is based on the purpose of applied research and is based on the nature and method of descriptive research. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the statistical population of the study consists of women entrepreneurs in rural areas of Nahavand city, in which a total of 110 people, as a sample, were surveyed. Its validity was confirmed by the supervisor, consultant and relevant experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which indicates the desired reliability. To analyze the data obtained using Smart PLS software version 3, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were performed and also found There is a direct relationship between individual factors, family factors, economic factors, socio-cultural factors and entrepreneurship of rural women, based on the results of path analysis, the impact of individual factors (0.556); Family factors (0.125); Economic factors (0.398); Socio-cultural factors (0.349), which shows the impact of all identified factors on entrepreneurship of rural women. Finally, individual and economic criteria had the greatest impact on entrepreneurship of rural women. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Women, Rural Women, Nahavand County

  Review: The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the effective factors of using electronic human resource management on the quality of hospital services It was performed in Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah province. The research is applied in terms of purpose and uses a mixed research method has taken. The study population includes managers, staff and medical staff of Imam Reza Hospital. in part Qualitatively, the code was studied and extracted using exploratory content analysis method. Findings indicate the extraction of 3 main categories And 6 subcategories. The main categories are; Employee participation, providing information and training to employees and using management Electronic human resources as the main category and sub-categories also include, increasing and decreasing factors, promoting and inhibiting factors and Is inside and outside the organization. The findings of the qualitative section were prioritized using the method of hierarchical analysis and according to the analysis In the category of participation in both incremental and decremental dimensions, respectively, objective observation of the benefits of using human resource management Electronic in how to upgrade, encourage and reduce the volume of work and redundant tasks with a relative importance factor of 0.496 and not using the offer Employees and experts with a relative importance coefficient of 0.292 has gained the highest priority. In the category of amount and benefits of use Electronic human resource management in two parts inside and outside the organization, respectively, information classification and speed up recovery Clients' information with a relative importance factor of 0.261 and savings in hiring new staff according to the standard criteria Selection and employment in the system with a relative importance coefficient of 0.300 has the highest priority, and finally, accurate specification Indicators, metrics, standards of organizational establishment with a relative importance coefficient of 0.397 and lack of public acceptance and lack of sufficient awareness in use Electronic services in the two sections of promoting and preventing factors in the category of providing information and training to employees give the highest priority gained

Universities play an important role in the development of entrepreneurship Achieving economic growth in today's knowledge-based societies, effective communication between the university and society is an important development in the development of any country. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of strategic analysis of Razi University Community Relations Office and presenting possible scenarios as one of the most important communication channels between the university and the community to develop these collaborations this research is applied in terms of purpose and is based on two approaches : combined approach ( swot - ahp ) and future research approach . in the qualitative part , purposive sampling and snowball sampling were used. after nine interviews with experts , theoretical saturation was obtained . in quantitative section , in order to assign weighting coefficients to each swot factors , paired comparisons questionnaire was provided to experts and strategy formulation was developed with two approaches : aggressive , defensive , conservative and defensive approaches for extracting the scenarios with a view of futures studies, the analysis of reciprocal works was presented to experts and the scenario of scenario software was presented in five different types of strategies.   

   Abstract    Today's organizations need managers who want to challenge existing norms, so the presence of managers with high entrepreneurial skills as a new strategy in organizations to achieve innovation is of particular importance. The issue of innovation duality is exploiting existing opportunities and innovations and exploring new opportunities and innovations, and since innovation and entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized businesses enable these businesses to compete competitively and profitably Gain in the market through the continuous adaptation of new products and ideas, are considered as the main mechanism of economic growth in these industries. The aim of this researcher in this study is to investigate the effect of managers' entrepreneurial skills on the innovation ambidexterity   in small and medium industries in Kermanshah with the mediating role of knowledge management. The present research is applied in terms of descriptive-survey method. In order to collect data, the Smith (2008) Standard Entrepreneurial Skills Questionnaire, the Innovative   Innovation ambidexterity Questionnaire, and the Jashpara Knowledge Management Questionnaire (2004) were cited. The statistical population is managers and activists in the field of small and medium industries in Kermanshah and the sample using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table is equal to 280 people. The research hypotheses were analyzed using    and PLS software and all research hypotheses have been confirmed. The results show that entrepreneurial skills have a positive and significant effect on the duality of innovation and entrepreneurial skills through knowledge management have an effect on the duality of innovation.    Keywords: Entrepreneurial skills, innovation ambidexterity, Knowledge management, Small and medium industries.      

   Abstract Despite the emergence of electronic banking technologies in the country's banking system and the benefits of its usage, the acceptance of this type of technology by customers has suffered from some kind of backwardness and has not grown as expected. In this regard, this study seeks to identify the factors that determine the motivation for accepting Internet banking. The data of this dissertation is related to the status of customers' use and motivation of Internet banking services. The collected information was done by distributing a questionnaire from 1397 to 1400 in Kermanshah. Also, the statistical population is customers between 20-49 years of banks in the city of Kermanshah. The method of sampling was simple random in banks and was a questionnaire. According to the research findings, the social characteristics of websites, online services, and average internet-device access positively affect trust. These factors make up 32% of the variance of Internet banking trust. The social characteristics of websites, compatibility with lifestyle, online services, average internet/device access, and trust, positively affect the ease of use and account for 48% of the variance of ease of using internet banking. The social characteristics of websites, online services, and average Internet/device access positively affect lifestyle adaptation, accounting for 58% of the variance of Internet banking lifestyle adaptation. The social characteristics of websites and online services positively affect the average Internet access/device, and these factors constitute 35% of the average Internet access / Internet banking device.

The current study aimed to investigate the challenges of the rural tourism and provide solutions for strengthening it in Eivan county. The research framework is quantitative and it uses descriptive survey approach. The study population contains tourists, villagers, and experts in the tourism field. By using the Krejcie - Morgan table, the sample size was 364. For the expert and villager groups, a simple random sampling method was used, and for the tourist group, an available random sampling approach was employed. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a number of tourism professors and rural experts. Reliability of the questionnaire constructs was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. The data obtained from the distribution of questionnaires was analyzed by using   25 software. Rural tourism challenges in this county were ranked using the weighted coefficient of variation. The most important weaknesses were the lack of government planning and investment, inadequate accommodation and welfare equipment, and the lack of publicity from the authorities regarding the existing tourist attractions. The local mountains and their high peaks for sports and recreation such as mountaineering and hiking, and the beautiful and unique landscapes along with green space and gardens in these areas, near the central city of Eivan, were identified as the most important strengths.   The most important rural tourism opportunities in this region are approval of supporting laws for the tourism industry, the existence of certain credit lines for the development of it, the government officials support for development of this industry using the employment-generation strategy, and increasing the motivation among the people of neighboring cities for travel and recreation in the study area. Increasing the desire and motivation of tourists to travel to other nearby recreational areas, improving the facilities and services among competing recreational areas, and the lack of the licenses and facilities by the government to expand tourism in these areas were identified as the most important threats to rural tourism in Eivan city. According to the results, solutions were proposed to strengthen rural tourism in Eivan county.   

   Monetary policy includes the policies that central banks pursue to increase employment and regulate inflation, which can be a change in the amount of money, an interpretation of interest rates, or a change in the terms of bank lending.   Monetary Sit consists of two types of bonds and contractions, in which the central bank to increase aggregate demand and thus increase employment, increases the amount of money through measures such as buying government bonds.   This policy can be useful when the economy has vacant capacities and is recovering from a recession. Loss money is used when Mercer Bank recognizes that inflationary pressures are too high, so to reduce inflation.   , The central bank sells bonds to individuals or makes the conditions for granting bank facilities more difficult to reduce the amount of liquidity in society and reduce inflation.   In this study, in order to investigate the effectiveness of monetary policy in the Iranian economy with the asymmetric approach of sensory data, different soft goals such as examining the effect with the monetary baht contemporaneous on real GDP and examining the asymmetric effect of monetary inflation on the whole of 1981 to 2009.   It has been calculated that different results have been obtained according to the opposite sale.   Whether a monetary bot is useful or not is as controversial as any economics scandal.   The results showed that by using the appropriate monetary policy in the Iranian economy, the rate of inflation and real GDP can be controlled.   Liquidity control is a means to an end to corruption.   So Mansour The volume of liquidity is considered in such a way as to support the growth of domestic production within the limits of production capacity to prevent inflation. Boli officials use monetary policies to control the growth of liquidity. Therefore, curbing inflation through Shah Begi emphasizes and helps to produce prosperity. As a result, once liquidity is generated, you have to direct that amount of liquidity to production.

               Abstract    Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate entrepreneurship development indices in Rural tourism cooperatives in Kermanshah province with emphasis on sustainable tourism. Methodology: This study is an applied, quantitative, and descriptive survey method. The statistical population of this study consists of all members of board of directors and managers of rural tourism cooperatives in Kermanshah province with 290 members. According to Cochran formula, 165 people were selected as sample.   The sampling method used in this study was stratified random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaires was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and was calculated to be 0.856 which indicates that the questionnaire had good reliability. Then, to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses from descriptive indices (frequency distribution table, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-student test) in    software version 25 used. Results: The results of data analysis showed that the most important indicators of entrepreneurship development in the province's tourism co-operatives were economic indicators with average rating (3.40), infrastructure and institutional indicators with average rating (3.23), individual indicators with average. Ranked (3.13) and social and cultural indices averaged 2.83. Conclusions and Recommendations: The findings of this study show that economic indicators are the most important index in tourism development, especially in less developed areas, because people in these areas are low in terms of economy and income diversity. Policymakers and planners in the country should pay more attention to tourism and its importance, especially in less developed areas, such as pristine rural areas, while allocating more funds to these areas for tourism development to provide them with the least possible benefits. Keywords: Cooperatives, Rural Tourism Cooperatives, Entrepreneurial Development Indicators, Kermanshah Province.

AbstractThis research, except for exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) mixed methods research in the field of theory, was designed to design a comprehensive model of academic entrepreneurship ecosystem with open innovation focus and adaptation rate of Razi University to this model. In the qualitative part of the research, content analysis method and grounded theory method were used to analyze the findings.Participants were 15 academic experts and professors with experience in commercialization or writing in the field, selected through snowball sampling. Data gathering tools were in-depth qualitative interviews with open-ended questions and method of data analysis through open, axial and selective coding.Finally, to arrive at a comprehensive model of 15 themes in the academic entrepreneurship ecosystem and in the categories of causal conditions (inter-university funding, extracurricular communication), contextual conditions (external financial contexts, internal educational contexts, macro education system, cultural factors) Macro, intercultural, human capital), intervening conditions (internal support institutions, external support institutions, motivational factors, internal policy, macro policy making), interactions (intra- and extracurricular networking) and outcome (acceptance of third academic mission) And finally the model of the researcher Was presented. In the other part, the barriers to open innovation were identified through in-depth interviews and seven content-based approaches to content analysis.In the quantitative section, the statistical population consisted of faculty members with five years of experience in Razi University, who were selected using proportional stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and extracted from the qualitative section. In the quantitative section, the ranking of the factors of importance at Razi University was performed by Friedman test, and the status of each component was assessed through descriptive findings. That the university is in a better position than the rest in terms of cultural context, educational context, and human resources. Finally, according to the results of the research, the researcher made suggestions regarding the academic entrepreneurship ecosystem and improvement of academic entrepreneurship conditions at Razi University.

AbstrctToday the tourism in dustry as a key part of the world economy, has been able to achieve the worlds third-largest income generating position. So that different countries, whether developed or developing, each seek to reach the stage of expantion or sustainability of the industry. The main purpose of this applied research is the to analyze the role of cultural tourism management in sustainable tourism development in Kermanshah, which was conducted in three qualitative- qualitative- quantitative phases. Content analysis method was used in qualitative part and descriptive survey method was used in quantitative part. The study population consisted of the first phase of research, tourists, managers, experts, and Faculty of Tourism in Kermanshah City, and in the second and third phase of research, managers, experts, and professors of tourism in Kermanshah City. Sampling method in qualitative section of this study was purposeful and theoretical (for managers, experts, and professors) and snowball (for tourists), through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 17 people in the first phase and 12 people in the second phase. Theoretical saturation was obtained. In the quantitative section, 12 xeperts were given AHP quastionnaive. The validity and reliability of the qualitative part of this study were confirmed using the triangulation technique, and in the quantitative part, the validity of the questionnaive designed by the experts, and its reliability due to the inconsistency rate(0/01) obtained in expert choice11   oftware, were confirmed, and   use the Excel2016 tool for the statistics section. Based on the findings of the qualitative section, the strengths in the field of cultural tourism management with 23 open source and 4 concept, weaknesses in the field of cultural tourism management with 48 open source and 11concept, as well as sterategies for sustainable tourism development in Kermanshah, it and 26 open source and 7 concept. Prioritization of strengths and weaknesses based on their frequency count showed that: organizational and institutional weaknesses with frequency (45) and weaknesses with advertising (45), most important weaknesses, and appropriate investment capacity with frequency (42) and holding training courses frequently, the most important strengths are in the field of cultural tourism management. In the quantitative part, the prioritization results showed that strategies: Education and culture with final weight (0.227), improving the management status of tourism compliance organizations with final weight (0.198), developing new programs and attitudes with final weights (0.188), facilitating financial support with the ultimate weight (0.163), making citizens with the ultimate weight (0.088), improved infrastructures and facilities with final weight (0.087), improve the advertising position with final weight (0.47), They won until the sevent. Therefore, relying on strengths and overcoming weaknesses in the field of cultural tourism management, and the adoption of strategies in this field, the development of tourism in Kermanshah City was the fundamental steps of harvesting, and control of sustainability in the industry. Also, it is suggested that the organization of tourism trustee in the field of tourism services, from educated people in contexts, tourism, employment and... To use.   Key words: tourism development, Sustainable tourism, cultural tourism, Management, Kermanshah city.

  Optimal designs have an important role in designing the experiments and help the experimenter to do the experiment in a shorter time and with lower costs. In order to find the optimal designs, one has to consider the optimality criteria which is usually a function of Fisher Information Matrix. In the present thesis, the optimal designs for regression models with interval-valued data are obtained. These data are in fact, observations that are not accurately measurable and are reported as intervals. In this thesis, linear regression models fit these data and an optimal design for them is obtained.

  Commercialization of research outcomes is an important step in innovation system which ensures the resistance and continuation of research and according to this issue , in addition to providing prominent economical values for organizations ,it accelerates knowledge based economy in society. Universities are faced with increasing amount of new research commercialization and decreasing in older activities such as teaching and researches. Development in university research commercialization has opened a new way to privatization of scientific shares and scientific development. Razi university is one of the most authorized universities in Iran, which publishes many articles in different fields in scientific journals in a year. Mechanic engineering group in technical engineering collage is one of the active group in this field in university. So it is essential to do more efforts about commercialization of research outcomes in this group. The purpose of this research is designing a model for commercialization of research outcomes in chemistry engineering group.This research has qualitative approach and has used grounded theory method for model extraction. Sample data were extracted by studying documents, literature and interview with 13 universities professors. Data analysis was done in 3 steps including: open coding step, axial coding step and selective coding step. Model elements include, background factors, interloper factors, axial phenomenon guidelines and commercialization outcome that were extracted. According to   result for commercializatio   of research outcomes in mechanic engineering group some bases should be provided such as: mechanic engineering group awareness about industrial units needs and problems, industrial units awareness about professors ,s research and education background, providing financial infrastructure, revising in professor evaluation system, team working sprit and risk taking and privatization , keeping moral ownership, providing scientific lessons and practical discussions and accordance with industry requirement in mechanic engineering group and supervision in research budget allocation. Commercialization constraints in this group include: the difference between professor attitude and view point and workmen, lack of clarifying in industrial units problems and needs definitions, week background of professors in workmen view, financial problems and lack of experimental facilities in university, the lack of purposeful scientific visits of students and professors, and neglecting training units and lack of group work. So, demand based research and market analysis, university management positive view in commercialization, encouraging and work group and group cooperation with chemistry engineering group, mediator between industrial units and mechanic engineering group, changing in problem and needs of industrial units to research preferences in units according to industry are among cases that facilitate commercialization way in chemistry engineering group. Finally we propose a practical suggestion for improving commercialization in university especially in chemistry engineering group.

  Commercialization of research outcomes is an important step in innovation system which ensures the resistance and continuation of research and according to this issue , in addition to providing prominent economical values for organizations ,it accelerates knowledge based economy in society. Universities are faced with increasing amount of new research commercialization and decreasing in older activities such as teaching and researches. Development in university research commercialization has opened a new way to privatization of scientific shares and scientific development. Razi university is one of the most authorized universities in Iran, which publishes many articles in different fields in scientific journals in a year. Mechanic engineering group in technical engineering collage is one of the active group in this field in university. So it is essential to do more efforts about commercialization of research outcomes in this group. The purpose of this research is designing a model for commercialization of research outcomes in chemistry engineering group.This research has qualitative approach and has used grounded theory method for model extraction. Sample data were extracted by studying documents, literature and interview with 13 universities professors. Data analysis was done in 3 steps including: open coding step, axial coding step and selective coding step. Model elements include, background factors, interloper factors, axial phenomenon guidelines and commercialization outcome that were extracted. According to   result for commercializatio   of research outcomes in mechanic engineering group some bases should be provided such as: mechanic engineering group awareness about industrial units needs and problems, industrial units awareness about professors ,s research and education background, providing financial infrastructure, revising in professor evaluation system, team working sprit and risk taking and privatization , keeping moral ownership, providing scientific lessons and practical discussions and accordance with industry requirement in mechanic engineering group and supervision in research budget allocation. Commercialization constraints in this group include: the difference between professor attitude and view point and workmen, lack of clarifying in industrial units problems and needs definitions, week background of professors in workmen view, financial problems and lack of experimental facilities in university, the lack of purposeful scientific visits of students and professors, and neglecting training units and lack of group work. So, demand based research and market analysis, university management positive view in commercialization, encouraging and work group and group cooperation with chemistry engineering group, mediator between industrial units and mechanic engineering group, changing in problem and needs of industrial units to research preferences in units according to industry are among cases that facilitate commercialization way in chemistry engineering group. Finally we propose a practical suggestion for improving commercialization in university especially in chemistry engineering group.

  Commercialization of research outcomes is an important step in innovation system which ensures the resistance and continuation of research and according to this issue , in addition to providing prominent economical values for organizations ,it accelerates knowledge based economy in society. Universities are faced with increasing amount of new research commercialization and decreasing in older activities such as teaching and researches. Development in university research commercialization has opened a new way to privatization of scientific shares and scientific development. Razi university is one of the most authorized universities in Iran, which publishes many articles in different fields in scientific journals in a year. Mechanic engineering group in technical engineering collage is one of the active group in this field in university. So it is essential to do more efforts about commercialization of research outcomes in this group. The purpose of this research is designing a model for commercialization of research outcomes in chemistry engineering group.This research has qualitative approach and has used grounded theory method for model extraction. Sample data were extracted by studying documents, literature and interview with 13 universities professors. Data analysis was done in 3 steps including: open coding step, axial coding step and selective coding step. Model elements include, background factors, interloper factors, axial phenomenon guidelines and commercialization outcome that were extracted. According to   result for commercializatio   of research outcomes in mechanic engineering group some bases should be provided such as: mechanic engineering group awareness about industrial units needs and problems, industrial units awareness about professors ,s research and education background, providing financial infrastructure, revising in professor evaluation system, team working sprit and risk taking and privatization , keeping moral ownership, providing scientific lessons and practical discussions and accordance with industry requirement in mechanic engineering group and supervision in research budget allocation. Commercialization constraints in this group include: the difference between professor attitude and view point and workmen, lack of clarifying in industrial units problems and needs definitions, week background of professors in workmen view, financial problems and lack of experimental facilities in university, the lack of purposeful scientific visits of students and professors, and neglecting training units and lack of group work. So, demand based research and market analysis, university management positive view in commercialization, encouraging and work group and group cooperation with chemistry engineering group, mediator between industrial units and mechanic engineering group, changing in problem and needs of industrial units to research preferences in units according to industry are among cases that facilitate commercialization way in chemistry engineering group. Finally we propose a practical suggestion for improving commercialization in university especially in chemistry engineering group.

  Commercialization of research outcomes is an important step in innovation system which ensures the resistance and continuation of research and according to this issue , in addition to providing prominent economical values for organizations ,it accelerates knowledge based economy in society. Universities are faced with increasing amount of new research commercialization and decreasing in older activities such as teaching and researches. Development in university research commercialization has opened a new way to privatization of scientific shares and scientific development. Razi university is one of the most authorized universities in Iran, which publishes many articles in different fields in scientific journals in a year. Mechanic engineering group in technical engineering collage is one of the active group in this field in university. So it is essential to do more efforts about commercialization of research outcomes in this group. The purpose of this research is designing a model for commercialization of research outcomes in chemistry engineering group.This research has qualitative approach and has used grounded theory method for model extraction. Sample data were extracted by studying documents, literature and interview with 13 universities professors. Data analysis was done in 3 steps including: open coding step, axial coding step and selective coding step. Model elements include, background factors, interloper factors, axial phenomenon guidelines and commercialization outcome that were extracted. According to   result for commercializatio   of research outcomes in mechanic engineering group some bases should be provided such as: mechanic engineering group awareness about industrial units needs and problems, industrial units awareness about professors ,s research and education background, providing financial infrastructure, revising in professor evaluation system, team working sprit and risk taking and privatization , keeping moral ownership, providing scientific lessons and practical discussions and accordance with industry requirement in mechanic engineering group and supervision in research budget allocation. Commercialization constraints in this group include: the difference between professor attitude and view point and workmen, lack of clarifying in industrial units problems and needs definitions, week background of professors in workmen view, financial problems and lack of experimental facilities in university, the lack of purposeful scientific visits of students and professors, and neglecting training units and lack of group work. So, demand based research and market analysis, university management positive view in commercialization, encouraging and work group and group cooperation with chemistry engineering group, mediator between industrial units and mechanic engineering group, changing in problem and needs of industrial units to research preferences in units according to industry are among cases that facilitate commercialization way in chemistry engineering group. Finally we propose a practical suggestion for improving commercialization in university especially in chemistry engineering group.

  E-learning opportunities and threats

AbstractThe purpose of   this study has been to investigate the relationship between triple knowledge dimensions with entrepreneurial intention of second grade students of Kardanesh conservatory in district 3 of Isfahan city in 94-95. Three dimensions of knowledge include theoretical knowledge, practical knowledge, and compatibility knowledge; and components of entrepreneurial intention were based on Ajzans theory of planned behavior (1991) which includes attitudes towards entrepreneurial behavior, subjective norms, and behavioral control perception. Methods of this study are in the lights of quantitative nature and applied purpose, and method of data collection is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consisted of second grade students (male and female) of the Kardanesh conservatory in district 3 of Isfahan city. Well as the number statistical sample using the Morgan-Kerjsy table 249, based on stratified sampling method 100 females and 149 males formed with respect stratified sample data were extracted from Conservatory. In this study, two self-made questionnaire were used to collect data. To assess the validity, apparent and content validity is confirmed by professors and specialists. For evaluate the reliability the questionnaires on a group Comprised of 30 students were administered that Cronbachs alpha coefficient For questionnaire triple knowledge dimensions and entrepreneurial intention were achieved, respectively, 0.82 and 0.91 Which represents the reliability of the questionnaires. Inferential statistics including of confirmatory factor analysis of research Structure and the changing structure, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, testing hypotheses, structural equation modeling was performed using the software AMOS23. The results of the statistical analysis Show Approved Main hypothesis were of research; This means that between triple knowledge dimensions with entrepreneurial intention of second grade students of Kardanesh conservatory in district 3 of Isfahan there is a positive relationship. Also research showed among triple knowledge dimensions, theoretical knowledge and compatibility knowledge influence on all components entrepreneurial intention, But practical knowledge effective only on perceived behavioral control. According to the results hypotheses, satisfactory accomplishments For education planners to improve triple knowledge dimensions and entrepreneurial intention students of Kardanesh conservatory was submitted.

  ByMaryam Nazari    Abstrect  The recent research which has been done 1395is based on investigating   the   relationship between talent mangment and life style with health organization of the kermanshah stoking aqueous staffs.This Stady is practical regarding its nature, goal and also is correlative considering its method. The information was gathered through field study and libraries.The population include 241 stocking aqueous staffs and the statistical paradigm was stimulated through Bartlet table which equals 120 people. Here the hierarical sampling based on the number of people under study was used. The method for gathering information were: 3standard questionairs for evaluating Health Organization indicators, managing Talent and Life style which their reliability were confirmed by supervisors and consuling advisors. Validity was calculated through measuring.The amount of corbachs alpha. All data were analyzed by multiple regression tests, pearson correlative coefficient, colmogorov- smirnov test and    softwere. The results showed that there is a meaning ful and Talent relation between organization health variables and talent mangment but there is just a positive relation between Physical health variable and organization health variables among Life style variables. Absorbing talent(0/0475) had the highet correlation among talent mangment variables and talent maintenance hed the lowest correlation(0/0283) with the health organization.      Key Words: Health organization, Talent mangment, Life style, Kermanshah stocking aqueous organization.

  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the leadership styles with the indifference of the staff of the enterprise of Education City salas Babajani. Descriptive research method, a kind of solidarity. The Statistical Society of all first and second secretaries of the city high school high school the Salas Babajani 130 Persons. Were stratified random sampling method with appropriate statistical sampling and research assignment proportional to the size of the community with the use of a table of   Morgan, 97 persons were estimated. Measured research tools include: leadership through a multifactorial (MLQ) bass and Aliev (1997) and the organizational questionnaire was danaeifard indifference (OIQ) and Associates (1389) 5 Likert scale has. Validity of the questionnaire by faculty members of the Department of educational administration, Razi University confirmed. In order to. The research of reliability evaluation measurement tools reliability coefficient of   cronbach  hy; alpha and the combination was used. Cronbachs Alpha for Transformational leadership questionnaire, organizational indifference and Transactional leadership respectively 0.90, 0.78 and 0.94. The analysis of the data with the use of inferential tests include analysis of correlation, regression analysis; and the structural equations modeling. The results showed that the relationship between the leadership styles with the indifference of the enterprise there are negative and significant (p=0.000). most anticipated organizational indifference is estimated by the Transactional leadership (R2= 0.294). This means that the impact of the organizational leadership of the variable Transactional   is more on indifferenc.

Recently, start-ups issue is discussed in entrepreneurship assemblies severely. There are different views than the issue and various analysis in this area has resulted in a dusty environment. It is seem start-ups chance in creating productive employment played a key role but unfortunately, sometimes threats in this route is distorted the future prospects scarcely. If we want to follow the route of resistance economy in the field of productive employment, therefore should consider to stsrt-ups potential severely. Capacity which could have a tremendous opportunities ahead of self-belief and strengthen local infrastructure in the country. In this study, were looking phenomenology of the creation and growth of agricultural start-ups, barriers and solutions, to take place into qualitatively and the phenomenological method. Participants were 15 body of managers agricultural start-ups that locate their companies in the before growth and or growth stage and were supported by the science and technology park and were selected the targeted methodology and research, came to the theorical saturation during an interview with 11 persons of them. The data collection instruments were, observation, in-depth interviews with open questions and field notation and analysis of the data was performed. According to qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach and the Colaizzi method. The findings were emerged in the form of 21 initial codes and 24 concept. It was evident in the analysis of the statements of the participants that most of them belived that low the attractiveness of the agricultural sector for attraction capital to start idea driven businesses and also the uncertainty of acceptance   of the product or service by customers and farmers due to their willingness to use traditional methods, are the most important obstacles to start and growth stage for these start-ups respectively.

  Abstract Hence, the study is carried out basis on the entrepreneur effectiveness and its relation with motivation of entrepreneur in students. the present research is on the quality and quantity .The statistical of research in the quality text are professors and entrepreneur specialists of Razi university. in the quantity part 180 students include Razi technical faculty and Azad university of Kermanshah unit (passing entrepreneur unit). the velum sample in quality part determined with six persons and in quantity part 146 were selected by >  Key words : entrepreneurship education‌, entrepreneurial motivation, the effective teacher .  

  AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact instructional design and learning styles of students attitudes to business among on student’s Management small businesses entrepreneurship Faculty of Tehran University in the 95-94 year. Methods was quantitative nature, the purpose was Practical and for data collection descriptive survey and correlation. The study population consisted of students manage small businesses that their number was hundred Person. The number of sample that was extracted using Cochran formula, eighty. Based on stratified sampling method, as well thirty entries in 1391 year, thirty in 1392 year and twenty in 1393 year. In this study, three questionnaires were used to collect data. To assess the validity, content and face validity was approved professors and professionals. The reliability of the questionnaire instructional design, learning styles, and attitudes students to business using Cronbachs alpha coefficient equal to 83/0, 86/0 and 81/0 respectively, indicating the reliability of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed on both descriptive and inferential statistics. In the descriptive statistics, statistics such as (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation) data and were normal in the field of statistics to confirm or reject hypotheses, since the random variable Research. Used to stepwise Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis and comparison of means.the result of statistical analysi   The main hypothesis of this study was, in the sense that instructional design and learning styles of students attitudes are meaningful to the business relationship.   The main research hypothesis is confirmed, it means that there are significant relationship between instructional design and learning styles of students attitude to business. Component of course content and style converge with the respective correlation coefficients 545/0 and 129/0, the highest and lowest impact on their attitude to business students. There is also a difference between male and female students attitude to business. students learning style management of small businesses tehran University respectively were divergent methods and compliance procedures.