International sanctions, as an effective tool in foreign policy, have profound effects on various aspects of development in target countries, including economic and socio-political development. The Islamic Republic of Iran has faced various waves of sanctions since 1978, with these pressures peaking in three main periods: after the seizure of the US embassy, ??the nuclear program, and the US withdrawal from the JCPOA in 2018. This study, focusing on the period from 1980 to 2023, examines the impact of these sanctions on the main development indicators in Iran. Accordingly, the main question of this study is what effects have international sanctions had on the development process in Iran? To answer this question, the present study has attempted to first examine the impact of international sanctions on the economic development process in Iran and then to find out what effects these sanctions have had on the political and social development process in Iran. The research findings show that from the perspective of sustainable development indicators, including quality of life, environment, and poverty, sanctions have affected not only the economic aspects, but also the human and social dimensions of development, and have presented serious obstacles to the realization of sustainable development. International sanctions have also left negative and inhibiting effects on the political and social development of the country. In the field of political and social development, sanctions have significantly reduced political participation, weakened civil institutions, reduced public trust, limited the space for political action, and increased social gaps. This research analyzes the trends in Iran's political development during the sanctions period using a descriptive-analytical method and library resources. The data were collected through qualitative analysis of documents, economic and political statistics, and comparative studies. This research has also attempted to provide solutions to maintain and strengthen the trend of economic and political development under sanctions by comprehensively analyzing the effects of international sanctions.   

   Post-Cold War, the Islamic Republic of Iran has pivoted its foreign policy towards the East, seeking to forge strategic partnerships with China. This strategic shift aims to counterbalance Western influence and enhance Iran's global standing. Concurrently, China has adopted a new approach to partnerships, prioritizing nations that can offer market access, resources, and investment opportunities. Iran's substantial market has positioned it as a key partner for China. As a developing nation, Iran has prioritized its relationship with China while safeguarding its core principles. Through expanded strategic cooperation, Iran seeks to secure Chinese support in international institutions and advance its political and economic objectives. China, as an emerging global power, aims to fulfill its strategic goals, including energy security and a more prominent role in the Middle East, by deepening ties with Iran. Research findings reveal that China has established partnership agreements with over a hundred countries and regional organizations, highlighting the centrality of partnership diplomacy in its foreign policy. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that a nation's foreign policy orientation is dynamic and subject to shifts in national interests. Given Iran's geostrategic and geoeconomic significance in the Middle East and China's growing global influence, this study examines the extent to which China's actions align with Iran's regional and international objectives, considering the complexities and constraints of their bilateral relationship. The central research question is: What are the underlying motivations and objectives of Iran and China in pursuing expanded strategic cooperation? The findings suggest that Iran seeks to bolster its international standing through this partnership, while China aims to secure a reliable trading partner in the Persian Gulf region. This qualitative research employed a library-based methodology, drawing on academic literature, official documents, and online scholarly resources. The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the strategic partnership between Iran and China. Keywords: Eastward policy, Iran-China relations, bilateral relations, trading partner, strategic cooperation

  Migration is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by economic, political, cultural, and social factors. These factors collectively compel individuals to leave their unique historical and geographical contexts, impacting their cultural, political, and social identities. This research investigates the causes of Iranian migration to Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and analyzes its dual impact on Iran's national development based on Ernst Georg Ravenstein's push and pull theory of migration dynamics. The primary identified causes include economic inequalities, political instability, and social factors in Iran. Utilizing the push and pull theoretical framework, this study examines how these factors contribute to attracting and repelling Iranian migrants to Turkey and the UAE. By focusing on the reasons for Iranian migration to Turkey and the UAE and exploring its consequences on Iran's national development, the study aims to investigate how various aspects of Iran's development are affected by the migration of elites and professionals. Migration can be discussed and examined from psychological, political, social, economic, and cultural dimensions. The research seeks to examine the various components of the Islamic Republic of Iran's development and its susceptibility to the phenomenon of migration, while also addressing the question: What causes and factors drive Iranians to migrate to Turkey and the UAE, and what are the consequences for national development?

  The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is a regional and international organization with many capabilities and potentials, and Iran's membership in it is considered an important advantage in foreign policy. But in recent years, with the nuclear conflict and being on the FATF blacklist becoming the main issue of Iran's foreign policy, this issue has affected the national advantage and interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, it is important to address the issue that the mere membership in a regional organization as long as it is affected by security issues and other international powers cannot be considered as an expression of benefiting from all the benefits of membership. Therefore, the main question that makes the current research strategic is what effect do the nuclear case and the special financial action group have on Iran-Shanghai relations? The hypothesis that is designed and evaluated using the combination of historical analytical-descriptive method is that; It seems that under various regional and international conditions and factors, Iran has tended towards Shanghai in order to benefit from geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic interests. However, benefiting from the benefits of membership for Iran in Shanghai, affected by the nuclear conflict, the special financial action group, and in other words, it faces a kind of limitation created by the institution-based order. Therefore, the purpose of the present study; Analyzing the consequences of the nuclear case and the special financial action group on Iran-Shanghai relations is within the framework of neoliberal institutionalism.

   The victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1357 is considered an important break in the history of Iran. Iranians passed through the revolution to a new discourse that had distinct characteristics compared to the previous discourse. In the first decade of the revolution, due to the emotional atmosphere of the society and the presence of the charismatic personality of Imam Khomeini (RA), discussions revolved around revolution and war. But after the end of the war and the death of the Imam, important changes occurred in the political and social arenas, the most important of which were the change in the power structure due to the revision of the constitution, post-war economic requirements, Iran's new conditions in the international system, and social changes. In his presidency, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani tried to make extensive changes in the economic and political arena and revive the country, which was in trouble due to the war with Iraq and its inevitable requirements. Due to the change in the political position of the presidency after the revision, as the fourth president of Iran with higher authority than his previous counterparts, he was able to put the discourse of construction on the agenda and implement a type of development model in Iran. In the contemporary history of Iran, political and social underdevelopment has always been accompanied by many ups and downs. Sometimes we have come close to development and justice and other times we have moved away from it. Political development is a phenomenon whose impact on the socio-political life of the world today, especially in developing societies, cannot be denied. In the process of realizing political development, various factors play a role, among them, the government, as the largest and most important political institution of the society, plays an important role. In the current research, we have raised the question, what obstacles and challenges did the growth of development and justice face during the presidency of Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani? It seems that, in addition to the general culture of the Iranian society, there have been serious obstacles and challenges to the growth of development and justice during the period of Mr. Hashemi Rafsanjani. To answer the question and prove his hypothesis, the author has used a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach.

Abstract The Islamic Revolution of Iran was the greatest political event of the second half of the 20th century, with the united uprising and all-round unity of the Iranian people to overthrow the Pahlavi tyranny and replace the Islamic Republic and implement Islamic laws and regulations in all aspects of their lives under the leadership and guidance of the Imam. Khomeini (RA) won on 22 February 1357. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, many obstacles and problems arose from the enemies of this system, including the assassination of efficient personalities and creating disruptions in its various parts. They did not stop hitting it. Among these obstacles are all kinds of economic sanctions from the United States and European powers to the assassination of the country's great scientists and cultural invasion and leading street riots in Iran; However, the Islamic Revolution of Iran has continued on its path of excellence and pursued its goals and ideals with double seriousness. However, Iran's Islamic Revolution has faced obstacles, damages and challenges on its way, and at the same time, it has many capacities and opportunities that with proper management and planning, threats can be turned into opportunities for preservation and continuity. transformed the Islamic revolution and set a positive and bright future for the Islamic revolution. This research is trying to answer the basic question that according to the statements of Ayatollah Khamenei and the increasing developments of the international community and its impact on the values, goals and ideals of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the future of this revolution from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei What possible situations will Allah Khamenei face? In the present study, the ideals and goals of the Islamic Revolution of Iran are examined first, and then the threats and challenges, as well as the capacities and opportunities of the Islamic Revolution from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei, are explained and investigated. In this research, an attempt has been made to determine what the future of the Islamic Revolution will be like from Ayatollah Khamenei's point of view, and secondly, how the Islamic Revolution will be able to protect its ideals and fundamental goals against various domestic, foreign and international threats and challenges. and use the available opportunities and capacities to maintain and expand their values ??and ideals. The research method in this research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and the research findings were obtained by library collection method. According to the results obtained from this research, from Ayatollah Khamenei's point of view, in relation to the international environment and the changes caused by globalization, not only has there been no disruption in the Islamic Revolution of Iran, but valuable opportunities have been placed in front of it. And in the face of cultural invasion and the efforts of foreign media, as well as internal challenges and threats, the Islamic revolution did not falter or weaken, and with the i  iration of the original goals, ideals and slogans of Islam, it persevered in front of the arrogant people of the world and went on the path of growth and excellence. has continued; Of course, it should be noted that moving away from the original goals and principles of Islam can endanger the future of the Islamic Revolution. In this context, special attention should be paid to internal convergence, effective participation of people in political affairs, as well as challenging and threatening factors.    Keywords: the future of the Islamic Revolution, Ayatollah Khamenei, pathology of the Islamic Revolution, threats of the Islamic Revolution, opportunities of the Islamic Revolution      

Central Asia is a vast land in the continent of Asia, which is usually considered to include the countries left over from the former Soviet Union, and includes the countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, as well as Afghanistan, which has geostrategic, geopolitical, geoeconomic and The geoculture of these countries at the regional level caused the attention and competition of regional and extra-regional powers to take advantage of the potentials of this region. In the meantime, the importance of this region for Iran and Israel as two actors with interests can be considered. The purpose of this research is to examine the reasons for the importance of Central Asia as a field for Iran and Israel's rivalry. This research was done with analytical-descriptive method. The information obtained from the research was obtained using the document-library approach. During this research, the role of Central Asia in Israel and Iran was investigated, and finally, its opportunities and challenges were examined in Iran.   

بعـد از فروپاشـي اتحـاد شـوروي، اهميت ژئوپليتيك، ژئواستراتژيك و ژئوكالچر منطقه آسياي مركزي موجبـات پويـايي هـايي در مـنطقه مـزبور شد به گونه اي كه نه‌ تنها‌ محل رقابـت قـدرتهـاي منطقـه اي شـد بلكـه رقابـت قدرتهاي خارجي در سطح منطقه اي و دودستگي آنها را جهت حمايت قدرتهاي كوچـك تر منطقه به دنبال داشت . در اين ميان‌ كـشور‌ هـاي ايران و تركيه تحت تاثير موقعيت خاص ايـن   منطقه سياست هايي را در منطقه در پيش گرفتند كه در سياست خارجي آنها نمود پيدا كرد. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر بررسي و تحليل ژئوپولتيكي سياست هاي ايران و تركيه در آسياي مركزي مي باشد. يافته هاي اين پژوهش نشان مي دهد؛ ظاهر امـر نـشان مي دهد كه ايران در ابتداي استقلال اين جمهـوري ها نفوذ بيشتري را‌ در‌ منطقه‌ آسياي مركزي داشته است ، ولي‌ با‌ گذشت‌ زمان و تقويت حضـور تركيـه نقـش ايران كمرنگ تر شده است .

The political behavior of Iranians, at least in the contemporary history of Iran, has been analyzed by domestic thinkers and sociologists, politicians and journalists, both domestic and foreign. In this way, we have always tried to answer a few questions. That; To what extent has tyranny been involved in shaping the political behavior of Iranians today? Is the extremism that is seen in some aspects of Iranians' behavior also manifested in their political behaviors? And what place have the elites and the elite society played in shaping the political behavior of our country? And what are the causes of secrecy, hypocrisy and distrust of others in Iranian political culture? From the perspective of political culture, the most destructive result of tyranny is that it lowers self-confidence (self-confidence), trust in others and trust in the government to its lowest level and prevents constructive, group and collective interaction. Tyranny inclines people inward and tries to take shortcuts by justifying harsh external conditions and, in fact, to deceive. Since human nature tends towards truth and truthfulness and seeks the truth, so hypocrisy, distrust and secrecy are considered disgusting and condemned. These characteristics are one of the behavioral pests that have undesirable social consequences and consequences; For example, some experts consider one of the biggest consequences of this issue to be the loss of social trust between individuals, organizations and people, or between people and government. In this study, we tried to address this behavior of Iranians and the causes of secrecy, hypocrisy and distrust of others in Iranian political culture (from Qajar to the present). Keywords: Behavior, Political, Iranians, Sociologists, Politicians

   In the present study, using the descriptive-analytical method, the nature of the international system from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei has been studied and analyzed in order to analyze the characteristics of this system and its actors, especially the tools and methods of these actors in exercising domination have been evaluated and analyzed. Also, investigating the problems and vulnerabilities of the international system from the perspective of the leadership of the Islamic Republic, is another important concern of this study, which has been tried to be examined by re-reading their speeches and policies. Finally, the other purpose of this dissertation was to find out what strategies and policies Ayatollah Khamenei has proposed and presented in relation to the way of exploiting the weaknesses and vulnerabilities of the domination system. Accordingly, the main question of the present study has been: What are the principles of Ayatollah Khamenei's strategy towards the nature of the international system? In this regard, the research hypothesis was formulated that Ayatollah Khamenei's strategy towards the nature of the international system is based on the hegemonic nature of this system and the exploitation of its internal weaknesses, with emphasizing the vulnerabilities of the domination system, and the necessity of disclosure of the nature of this system. In this study, after examining and analyzing a large part of the statements of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution regarding the international system and its nature, it was concluded that Ayatollah Khamenei, emphasizing the hegemonic nature of the main actors of the international system, In his numerous statements, he divided the members of this system into three categories: hegemonists, domineering, and anti-hegemonists. He has described many examples of the tyranny and injustice of the domination system against other nations and tried to reveal the arrogant and domineering face of the main actors of this system to other nations and governments. In his view, the domination system is faced with many internal contradictions and conflicts regarding human rights, women's rights, democracy and freedom, terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, the Palestinian cause, support for the Israeli occupiers, respect for minority rights, support for non-democratic regimes, and the issue of moral and spiritual crises in Western society; In particular, they severely challenge the intellectual and theoretical foundations of this system and promise the final collapse of this system from within.   

  The South Caucasus region is one of the most important areas for the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is effective in its developments, in different dimensions, providing part of the interests and even national security of the country. At the same time, the area is the scene of Western powers, Russia, Turkey and Iran and the conflicts of the two countries of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia, which should also be added to the presence of the Zionist regime. The differences between Azerbaijan and Armenia are rooted in the era of the Soviet Union and even Russian tsarist and separating from the land of Iran, and in parts of the tribal and areas around it, Armenians consider it their own and Azeri parts of the Republic of Azerbaijan. At the time of the Soviet Union, according to the decision of the central government, the area, most of which was the Armenian region, was an autonomous region, but part of the structure of the Republic of Azerbaijan. This research has been prepared for the variables determining the formation of foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the face of the Karabakh crisis. The rooting of this issue is important that the Islamic Republic of Iran is bound bound with two countries of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Armenia, and due to the huge Azeri-language population and Armenian minority inside Iran, this controversy can make passive consequences for the Islamic Republic of Iran Associated with. Altogether, foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is directly influenced by this conflict and Iran's position has also been resolved by disputes through diplomacy and direct talks between the parties involvement. This research is trying to use a descriptive method and the use of library resources in content analysis, which question is that the variables determining the formation of foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the face of the Karabakh's crisis? The findings of the research show that the national security and national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran are far from religious and ideological considerations, including the factors that determine the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the face of the Karabakh crisis.

Translation typesText translationSource text341 / 5000Translation resultsShariatiAs an intellectual and social activist and in order to eliminate social and political disordersIslamic societies introduced the concept of returning to Islam as an ideology. In his view, there is no traditional understanding of IslamSolve the problems among Muslims today; Rather, it is the ideological reading of religion thatIt is able to solve the problems and backwardness of Islamic societies.

Specific learning disabilities in children is a developmental neurological disorder that affects the ability of the brain to perceive or process verbal or nonverbal information effectively through the interaction of hereditary and environmental factors. Students with special learning disabilities have problems such as problems with auditory and visual memory, impaired attention to impulse impulses, motor coordination of perception and visual and auditory discrimination, poor motivation, poor generalization and poor organization of working memory, distraction, weakness in Perception, information processing, visual motor coordination, learning style are restless and hyperactive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of computer cognitive rehabilitation on improving distraction, visual perception and auditory perception of students with special learning disabilities. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population was all second grade elementary students (fourth, fifth and sixth) with special learning disabilities in Sahneh city in the academic year 1399-1400. A sample of 22 people was randomly selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research instruments included the Toulouse-Pyron test, the Frostig visual perception test, and the Wopman auditory diagnosis test. Captain s Log Cognitive Rehabilitation Program was performed for 12 sessions of 30-45 minutes three times a week for the experimental group.    software version 23 was used for data analysis. The results of analysis of covariance showed that Captain s Log computer cognitive rehabilitation program improved distraction, visual perception and auditory perception in these children (p <0.001). The results of the present study showed that computer cognitive rehabilitation program can be used as a suitable method. Used to improve distraction, visual perception and auditory perception in children.                     

Abstract The importance of the media isn’t hidden from anyone these days. The media is referred to as the fourth pillar of democracy, in addition to the print, audio-visual media that are influential social networks have a great impact on things in the new era. The reason is that social network are wider and more accessible and they are always exchanging information. So, they are influential in most social issues. The purpose of this study is to examine the position of social networks and especially the Instagram platform in terms of environmental security. Because, as mentioned, social media has a great impact on social issues and as Buzan says “the environment is a category of security and security is created in the context of society. The main question in this research is: How can Instagram be effective in managing environmental challenges and thus preventing them from turning into political and security threats? To answer this question, the framework chosen is Carson’ view in the book Silent Spring, that as an effective media , increased environmental knowledge and made significant global changes in the direction environmental protection. This research wants to explain this hypothesis by content analysis method: Instagram can be effective in managing environmental challenges by increasing environmental knowledge by producing environmental content such as photos, videos and text and prevents it from becoming a security issue. The data of this study include an analysis of 02 Instagram pages and shows that the pages of environmentalists have played an important role in creating environmental knowledge and awareness and in some cases, they have made serious and positive changes in the field of environmental protection. Non-specialist pages have also been effective with a lower percentage. Keywords: Media, Environmental challenge, Environmental knowledge, Environmental security, Instagram  

  ~The main concern of this research is the answer to this question: How did the produced political atmosphere and the praxis of the opposition forces in Kermanshah affect each other? Here the dialectical relationship of praxis and space in the heart of history through dealing with how the praxies of opposition and anti-government forces (both left and right, modern and traditional) and its two-way relationship with power at the heart of productive, political, ideological and ... Is available. By putting together the pieces of the puzzle of political struggles in this region, we give objectivity to the idea that changing the prevailing space changed the forms of praxis, and the political classes and forces with their praxis challenge the politics of space and space control by the government. Critical points and historical revolutionary moments in different periods, political parties and groups and their practice, social classes, understanding of regional economy, government, institutions of power and dominant political atmosphere, understanding of global capitalist phase and its impact on research geography and domestic production relations are the most important requirements. The raw materials of the research are discussed in two historical episodes (bread and law / from the beginning of the constitution to its end) and episode 2 (worker and murder / from the end of the constitution until 1325). In this praxis-based historical study, episode 1 begins with the bread riot and the constitutionalist praxis, and episode 2 begins with the bread and praxis riots of the protesting workers of the Kermanshah Oil Company, and eventually both episodes end in a coup. The demands made by the protesters in each episode are met or taken to another level. The aristocracy, intellectuals, clergy, tribes, and nomads were present in both episodes, and their political behavior did not change much in either period. In episode 2, the advanced class gradually fades with the advent of the new middle class and has no apparent presence in political developments, but the industrial worker is the stratum that systematically created labor struggles and did not have a visible presence in the first period of research (episode 1). Cinema and the street were also the achievements of changes in the relations of production and space, which are added to space in the second episode and play a role in the production of new space. The ruling power has also undergone changes in recent years, moving from a monarchy to a modern absolute state. "Oil" is an important economic element that has played an important role in changing this atmosphere and has left its effects in political, social and ... relations until today. During the research, we see an effective change from land rent to oil rent. In both episodes, the struggle of the fighting and ruling forces and the effects of pressures and resistances on each other are observed. The result of this conflict is the repulsion of each at a time when the opposing force, after accepting the influence of the other as well as the underlying changes, rises up and acts with a new quality.

AbstractObjective: Political development, according to itimportance and function, is related to various fields and issues such aseconomy, national security, culture, legitimacy, globalization, etc., each ofwhich can provide problems for a government. In fact, the discussion ofpolitical development and the need to resolve crises in its path is one of thetopics that has occupied the minds of government men and scholars of social andtheorists focus on One of these theorists is Lucien Pie, who discusses the fivepolitical sciences. In discussing the field of political development, famouscrises in the political development of societies, which is the basis of thePahlavi regime and provided the necessary grounds for public dissatisfactionpresent study. The present dissertation seeks to find out how the five crisesover political development revealed the inefficiency and weakness of thewith it and, ultimately, its overthrow.Method: In this research, the research method isdescriptive-analytical and causal research. The method of data collection inthis research is library and documentary. The tools and methods used in thisresearch are library resources and books, dissertations and articles related tothe research topic and available documents.Conclusion: The existence of social and cultural gaps inthe second Pahlavi period had paved the way for political development, and atthe same time with the emergence of political development crises, theseand management by the Pahlavi regime not only did not solve the problems relatedproblems led to the accumulation of development crises. The lack of planningof political underdevelopment in Iran that resulted in excessive separation ofto the crises of political development, but also created a situation in termsunder the leadership of Imam Khomeini.society from the government. Finally, the Islamic Revolution was formed in 1978  :Keywords.Political Development, Crisis, Pahlavi Regime

   پس از انقلاب اسلامي ايران، پيرو اعمال سياست­هاي نامناسب حكومت پهلوي در ارتباط با تنوعات قومي و فرهنگي، شاهد سياسي شدن مسئله قوميت در كشور و گرايش آن به گفتمان­هاي رقيبِ نظام سياسي حاكم بوده­ايم. پس از فروكش كردن بحران­هاي قومي و هويتي و تثبيت قدرت دولت و هژمونيك شدن نظام سياسي حاكم، به باور پژوهشگران، سياست­هاي قومي مناسبي در دولت­هاي مختلف اتخاذ نگرديد كه بيم واگرايي و شكاف ميان دولت و ملت ايران را افزايش مي­دهد. تحقيق حاضر با استفاده از روش تحليل گفتمان لاكلا و موفه به دنبال آن است كه مجموعه اقدامات گفتمان انقلاب اسلامي نسبت به خرده گفتمان­هاي درون نظام را آسيب­شناسي و در مسير تعالي و تكامل آن ارائه طريق نمايد كه با توجه به دارا بودن استان كرمانشاه از ظرفيتي كثير­ در نمايش تنوعات قومي و فرهنگي كل كشور، خرده گفتمان اهل­سنتِ استان مذكور، در اين پژوهش مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. در واقع هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسي چگونگي حفظ وضعيت هژمونيك نظام سياسي حاكم بر كرمانشاه نسبت به ساير خرده گفتمان­ها از جمله اهل­سنت مي­باشد. بدين صورت كه اهل­سنتِ كرمانشاه از وجوه مشترك زباني قابل توجهي درون گفتمان كلي نظام سياسي حاكم برخوردار است كه با توجه به آن و عواقبي كه در حاشيه قرار داشتن و تقويت شكاف­هاي هويتي مي­تواند داشته باشد ضرورت پژوهش در اين رابطه را دو چندان مي­كند. بدين ترتيب سوال اصلي اين رساله اين است كه نظام زبانيِ گفتمانِ سياسيِ حاكم بر كرمانشاه در چه صورت مي­تواند وضعيت هژمونيك خود را نسبت به ساير خرده­گفتمان­ها از جمله   اهل­سنت حفظ نمايد و در عيَن حال از به حاشيه رانده شدن و جذب آن در گفتمان­هاي رقيب جلوگيري كند. يافته­هاي اين پژوهش نشان مي­دهند كه به طور كلي استان كرمانشاه و به ويژه اهل­سنتِ در استان مذكور نسبت به ساير استان­ها در توزيع و بهره­مندي از مواهب سياسي، اقتصادي و فرهنگي وضعيت مناسبي نداشته است، اين در حالي است كه از وجوه مشترك زباني قابل توجهي درون گفتمان كلي نظام سياسي حاكم برخوردار بوده و تكيه بر آن مي تواند در حفظ وضعيت هژمونيك گفتمان حاكم موثر واقع گردد و از عواقب در حاشيه قرار داشتن جلوگيري نموده و نتايج مثبتي را به بار آورد. واژگان كليدي: تحليل­گفتمان، سياست، شكاف­هاي هويتي، انقلاب اسلامي ايران، اهل سنت .

   Abstract: The concept of social capital has gained a prominent place in political, economic and social studies in recent decades and has been regarded as a key to resolving many social problems. Therefore, experts and analysts have devised and worked out ways to create and enhance this capital, which is important in the context of other capital, such as human capital and economic capital, and more. Identify and reduce what causes the weakening and erosion of this capital. The present study also attempts to analyze the impact of corruption on the amount of social capital. So the main question of this study is how can corruption affect social capital? The hypothesis tested in answering this question is that corruption reduces capital by undermining citizens' trust and diminishing their social participation in a set of civil society networks. Socializing. Keywords: Corruption, Social Capital, Social Trust, Social Participation, Social Networks.

  At the some time with the formation of Arab political- social movement in the contries of middle East and arabian middle East wich is called Arab spiring. Syirian crisis began in 2011. In this crisis political- ideological currents were born with the support of regional players. And the main players and directors of this crisis are include the Salafi-Takfiri currents. Given this important.The reaserch analyzie why diversity the variety of Salafi-Takfiri currants in Syrian crisis. It is in about to answer this question that what are the reasons of growth variety of   Salafi-Takfiri currants in Syrian crisis? The present reaserch hypothesizes is the causes of variation of currents   i   Syrian crisis is powerfull willing. To reach this goal, present reaserch withuse of discourse analysis method why this issue is being examined. By using this method, this reaserch method has a genealogy the role of power in realization of historical and human turts. Of salafi- takfiri discourse and try to examin. The relation between knowledge/power in on episteme. With the poleontlogys genology of Salafi-Takfiris discourse formation and the proposition of this discourse and it is breakdown and unravels it form other Islamic discourse. According to the realtion between knowledge/power in on episteme of Salafi-Takfiris discourse the reason for the variety of these flowe in Syrian crisis is to earn and seize power. The approach in this study is discourse analyzie and style of data collecting is of librarium.

  ISIS (Daesh) as a force Salafi and suicide, and disrupted the regional geo-political order and is working with an ideology of internationalism, based Sais-Picot borders fade and the new government is established. Emerging and man-made crisis that precedes the wisdom and knowledge sees and quotes the superficial and selective interpretation of the Koran, denies any discretion and interpretation. This multinational organization exclusivist reading of the fundamental concepts of Islamic extremism, believes that Islam should be in accordance with the understandings leaders first three centuries of Islam as a religious justification for all times and places and get implemented. Activism and Mounting hostile sentiments in the multinational group can not ignore the role of non-ideological, regional and trans-regional. However, for the establishment of the caliphate showed behavior inhuman, heinous crimes, ritual, history, classic, naked, direct, u  eakable and reduplicate violence. This idea opposed to with peace as a moral principle and is eager of genocide. In this regard provide the narrow semantic of Islam and a very broad concept of heresy and with the criminal religion has become a source of tension, extreme violence and unique identification of the region and some parts of the world. Believes that all over the world and the pagan heresy and straying saved violent ways. Takfiri terrorist groups, according to verse 123 of Surah Taobe from the Koran, Sunni hard-liners in the world towards combating non-Wahhabi Muslims, both Sunnis and Shiites as "near enemy" and his main priority calls. Accordingly managed to attract many people from the Middle East, North Africa and around the world, and the religious justifications for their behavior, they tried to Their own introduce Sunni savior. But at least a large part of the Sunni scholars rejected the group or because of intense action and violence of the Islamic State had to abandon it. So-the growing trend   the emergence of   terrorist Takfiri in the region and around the world, everyone has been realized the danger of their widespread and Considering the positions and actions anti Iranian of ISIS, Salafi-Takfiri-terrorist Performance Review will be of particular importance and to formulate appropriate strategies for maintain unity among Muslims and also cope with extreme currents and make/providing more and effective choices and more, will help to control and inhibition of ISIS On behalf of the Islamic Republic of Iran.   Therefore, aim of this research seeks to/ answer these questions/ ask /will be followed by the question that the intellectual Basics ISIS violence, What relation with foundations of knowledge and belief of the four Sunni sects? To answer this question, and the uses library based resources is descriptive and analytical analysis.

    Abstract  Period of time coup of August 18, 1953to revolution of 1979 is considered the most important and most sensitive periods of contemporary history of Iran.After the coup of August 18, 1953, we are witnessing the formation processwhere in, along with increase of personal and absolute power of king Mohammad Reza, Forces and social groups demanding political participation, Will go toward Schemesubversive and Non-peaceful Competitive views and methods. In other words,with the formation of a process that in the end, after repressionthe uprising of June 5, 1963, Led to a Political obstruction in the structure of government and power, public space of Society(Zeitgeist)Will propelToward radicalization and demand for fundamental structural changes. Thus,trying to understand the issue under what conditions and during what trends, public space of a society (Zeitgeist), moves toward revolutionism and overthrow the existing relations, Will be provided and Proper social fieldsfordesign fundamental political demands, forms the main aim of this thesis. The main question of the present thesis is based on Irans events, the coup of August 18, 1953to the revolution of 1979,what relationship between political obstruction and theres radicalism? In response to the above question,arises this hypothesis that based on Irans events, the coup of August 18, 1953to the revolution of 1979, radicalism is natural reflection of political obstruction. This thesis with design issues related to political attitudes and behaviors, the religious streams (political Islam) liberalism and left, and analysis of the causes and how to the formation of political obstruction, during the under studied period, and to explain why and how to create Zeitgeist in the format of radicalism   finally, to achieve certification above hypothesis.  Key words: Iran, political obstruction, radicalism, Zeitgeist, revolution  

    Abstract:Despite a lot of attention in academic circles has shifted to discussion revolution and revolutionary, counter-revolutionary study both theoretically and functionally less attention is located. The present thesis, in order to compensate for this research lack efforts to study and analysis of theoretical principles of counter-revolutionary concept and consequences and dimensions of this phenomenon studied in the academic arena. Thus basic question of this research is that counter-revolutionary in practice areas to what theoretical basis and theoretical foundations of theoretical are based? This study using the theoretical framework of conservatism school in response to the question main research, this hypothesis is tested, although opposes of counter-revolution philosophers and scholars was introduced as rooted in theoretical concepts and arguments, in the framework of the conservatism school, but the counter-revolution performance in contrast with revolutions, the often driven by objectively incentives and pragmatic considerations.Keywords: Counter-Revolutionary, Revolution, Conservatism, Political philosophy

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