Theileriosis is an important tick-borne disease of small ruminants that can cause considerable clinical and economic impacts in sheep and goat populations. Among Theileria species, Theileria ovis is a common infectious agent of small ruminants, and many infections may remain subclinical. Given the epidemiological importance of this parasite and the role of ticks in its transmission, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Theileria ovis infection and to investigate its association with selected host characteristics, clinical findings, geographical location, and tick species in Kermanshah Province, western Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 400 tick-infested sheep and goats were examined from eight districts of Kermanshah Province, including Kermanshah, Sarpol-e Zahab, Javanroud, Sonqor, Kangavar, Gilan-e Gharb, Islamabad-e Gharb, and Salas-e Babajani, from May to September 2025. Blood samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Theileria DNA, followed by molecular identification of the parasite species. Data on host species, age, sex, abortion history, and clinical parameters, including heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and mucous membrane color, were recorded. Ticks collected from the animals were morphologically identified, and associations between infection status and the investigated variables were evaluated. Of the 400 animals examined, 343 (85.8%) were positive for Theileria infection. All PCR-positive samples in the present dataset were identified as Theileria ovis. No significant association was observed between infection status and host species, age, or sex. In contrast, heart rate was significantly associated with infection status, and this association remained significant in the multivariable analysis. Rectal temperature and sampling location were also associated with infection status in the final multivariable model. A total of 800 ticks were identified, with the genus Rhipicephalus being the most frequently represented. Although the high prevalence of Theileria ovis coincided with the presence of diverse tick species, the findings alone were insufficient to establish any particular tick species as a competent vector of the parasite. Overall, the high prevalence of Theileria ovis among tick-infested small ruminants highlights the epidemiological importance of this parasite in Kermanshah Province. The observed associations between infection status and selected clinical and geographical variables further indicate heterogeneity in the distribution of infection. However, given the cross-sectional design of the study and the lack of molecular testing of individual ticks, longitudinal, seasonal, and transmission studies are warranted to identify competent vectors and clarify the factors influencing Theileria ovis transmission. Keywords: Theileria ovis, theileriosis, sheep, goats, ticks, PCR, Kermanshah

   Abstract Background and Objective: Anaplasmosis is one of the important tick-borne diseases of small ruminants and can cause clinical and economic losses in livestock herds. Considering the importance of this disease and the role of ticks in the transmission of Anaplasma agents, the present study was conducted to investigate infection with the genus Anaplasma and to identify Anaplasma ovis and Anaplasma marginale in sheep and goats in Kermanshah Province, Iran, and to evaluate the association of infection with selected demographic, clinical, and geographic factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 small ruminants, including 304 sheep and 96 goats, from different areas of Kermanshah Province were examined in 2025. Blood samples were collected from each animal, and DNA was extracted. Detection of the genus Anaplasma was performed using PCR targeting the msp4 gene, and positive samples were further examined using species-specific PCR for A. ovis and A. marginale. In addition, 800 ticks collected from the animals were morphologically identified at the genus and species levels. Associations between infection status and the investigated variables were evaluated using appropriate statistical tests, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Of the 400 animals examined, 298 (74.5%) were positive for Anaplasma. Species-specific analysis showed that 286 animals (71.5%) were positive for A. ovis and 20 (5.0%) for A. marginale, with concurrent infection by both species detected in 8 animals. The prevalence of infection was 76.0% in goats and 74.0% in sheep, and no statistically significant association was observed with animal species, sex, age, or abortion history. A statistically significant difference in infection prevalence was observed among the different counties (P=0.014). Among the 800 ticks identified, the genera Rhipicephalus (67.4%), Hyalomma (26.9%), Haemaphysalis (4.1%), and Dermacentor (1.6%) were identified. Conclusion: The high molecular prevalence of Anaplasma infection among small ruminants in Kermanshah Province and the detection of both A. ovis and A. marginale indicate a considerable presence of these agents in the studied population. The significant geographic variation in infection prevalence highlights the importance of regional and environmental factors in the distribution pattern of Anaplasma infection and may be considered in surveillance and control programs for anaplasmosis in small ruminants. Keywords: Anaplasma, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma marginale, sheep, goats, PCR, ticks, Kermanshah

  ackground and Objective: Babesiosis is one of the most important tick-borne protozoan diseases in small ruminants, causing significant economic losses to the livestock industry. Kermanshah province, with its suitable climate and tick diversity, is prone to outbreaks of this disease. This study aimed to investigate the molecular prevalence of Babesia and its association with clinical findings in small ruminants infested with ticks in Kermanshah province. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 400 sheep and goats (304 sheep and 96 goats) were sampled from eight counties of Kermanshah province from April to September 2025. Two ticks were collected from each animal and identified after clearing with potassium hydroxide using diagnostic keys. Blood samples were collected in EDTA and DNA was extracted. Genus identification of Babesia was performed by PCR with general primers (Bcommon-F/R), and species determination of B. ovis was done by specific PCR (Bbo-F/R) and B. motasi by semi-nested PCR. Clinical findings including rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous membrane color, urine color, and abortion history were recorded. Results: Of 400 blood samples, 11 (2.75%) were positive for Babesia, all identified as B. ovis. No cases of B. motasi were found. In univariate analysis, significant associations were observed between Babesia infection and respiratory rate, body temperature, mucous membrane color, and urine color (P<0.05). No significant associations were found with animal species, sex, breed, geographic region, heart rate, and abortion history. Of 800 collected ticks, the highest frequency was related to Rhipicephalus bursa (25.1%), R. sanguineus (21.3%), and R. turanicus (15.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of B. ovis in small ruminants in Kermanshah province is 2.75%. The presence of clinical signs such as increased respiratory rate, fever, and changes in mucous membrane and urine color can be helpful in clinical diagnosis, but definitive confirmation requires molecular methods. Considering the presence of vectors, continuous monitoring and tick control are essential. Keywords: Babesia, blood parasite, tick-borne disease, small ruminants, PCR, Kermanshah province

  Umbilical cord infection (omphalitis) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the offspring of large livestock, including lambs. Postnatal disinfection of the umbilical cord using conventional antiseptics also exhibits limited efficacy. This study aimed to perform a green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag  ) using licorice root extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and to evaluate its disinfectant efficacy both in vitro and clinically in the management of the lamb navel. The active ingredient content of the root extract was determined via HPLC, and the biosynthesized Ag   were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS, Zeta potential analysis, SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. The antibacterial activity of the Ag  , as well as the licorice root extract, against common pathogenic navel isolates (including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Streptococcus   .) was assessed via disc diffusion, MIC and MBC determination, and biofilm inhibition assays, and the results were compared with Betadine. In the clinical study, 60 newborn lambs were divided into AgNP-treated and Betadine-treated groups, and changes in navel diameter, weight gain, and the bacterial microbiota composition of the navel (via DNA extraction and qPCR) were evaluated. While Betadine treatment resulted in faster reduction of umbilical stump diameter, AgNP application significantly modulated the navel microbiota toward a decrease in pathogenic bacterial populations. Although weight gain and overall health status in the AgNP-treated lambs did not reach statistical significance, they showed a favorable trend compared to the Betadine group over the three-month follow-up period. Collectively, these findings indicate that G. glabra-mediated green-synthesized Ag   represent an effective, safe, and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional antiseptics for the prevention of neonatal lamb omphalitis, and its complications. Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Betadine, Licorice, Omphalitis, Lamb, Microbiota

   Introduction and Objective:Blastocystis is one of the common parasites of the gastrointestinal tract in humans as well as in domestic and wild animals, with a wide geographical distribution worldwide. Due to its high prevalence and its potential role in gastrointestinal disorders, this parasite has always attracted the attention of researchers. Studies have shown that Blastocystis is capable of infecting a variety of hosts, raising the possibility of transmission between humans and animals. Epidemiological investigations indicate that domestic animals may serve as potential reservoirs for this parasite, although their exact role in transmission to humans has not yet been fully clarified. Kermanshah Province, due to extensive livestock activities and close contact between humans and domestic animals, provides favorable conditions for the dissemination of intestinal parasites. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Blastocystis infection in domestic livestock in this province, aiming to provide baseline.    Materials and Methods: In this study, 410 fecal samples from four livestock species including horses (81 samples), cattle (125 samples), sheep (121 samples) and goats (83 samples) were randomly collected from livestock farms and livestock centers in different cities of Kermanshah province. The samples were obtained fresh and directly by rectal swab in cattle and horses and by anal stimulation in sheep and goats and placed in sterile containers containing an appropriate preservative solution (70% alcohol). After collection, the samples were stored at 4°C and tra  orted to the laboratory as soon as possible. In order to initially investigate the infection with Blastocystis parasite, all samples were subjected to microscopic examination using the wet spread method and Lugel staining and flotation by the Clayton Lane method. The samples were observed using a light microscope at ×100 and ×400 magnifications and the results were recorded accurately. DNA extraction from the studied samples was performed using a kit and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Molecular identification of Blastocystis parasite was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and general primers specific to this parasite based on the SSU rRNA gene including RD5 and BhRDr. Finally, statistical analysis of the data was performed and a statistical significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.    Results: According to the results, the overall prevalence of infection in the microscopic method was reported as 38 cases (9.2%); the highest prevalence was observed in cattle (13.6%) and the lowest in horses (1.2%). The infection rate in sheep was 9% and in goats was 10.8%. By gender, the infection rate in males was 6.8% and in females was 11.3%. Based on age group, animals less than 2 years old were reported to be infected by 1.8% and over 2 years old by 10.3%. In the molecular method, a total of 38 samples (9.2%) were detected positive. The highest prevalence was observed in cattle (12.8%), followed by sheep (10.7%) and goats (10.8%), while no positive cases were detected in horses, which were not statistically significantly different from the microscopic method. By gender, the prevalence of parasites in males was 6.8% and females were 11.3%. Based on age group, the prevalence of parasites in animals under 2 years old was 7.6% and over 2 years old was 10.8%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two methods in terms of gender and age. Random examination of 20 negative morphological samples by molecular method led to the identification of 3 positive cases, indicating a higher sensitivity of the molecular method compared to the microscopic method.   

چكيده سابقه و هدف: زخم به هرگونه آسيب و يا اختلال در ساختار طبيعي پوست گفته مي شود. مديريت و درمان زخم، يك موضوع جدي و مهم در پزشكي نوين است. يكي از رهيافت‌ها در زمينه‌ي مديريت زخم استفاده از سلول‌هاي بنيادي ميباشد. سلول‌هاي بنيادي هم به صورت موضعي و هم به صورت سيستميك براي درمان زخم‌هاي جلدي مورد استفاده قرار ميگيرند. سلول‌هاي بنيادي مزانشيمي مشتق شده از بند ناف جنين انسان(ژله وارتون) با داشتن پتانسيل تكثير و تمايز به عنوان يك كانديد مهم در مطالعات مربوط به مديريت زخم، بررسي شده‌اند. انتقال سلول‌هاي بنيادي مزانشيمي از طريق تزريق يا تجويز موضعي به طور مستقيم ميتواند باعث ايجاد مرگ سريع سلولي شود. از اين رو راهبردهاي متفاوتي بر اساس استفاده از مواد و داربست‌ها با هدف افزايش چسبندگي، پروليفراسيون و تمايز سلول‌ها به كار گرفته ميشود. يكي از انواع داربست‌هاي استفاده شده در مهندسي بافت، داربست‌هاي نانوفيبر الكتروريسي شده هستند.  اين مطالعه با هدف بررسي كارايي سلول‌هاي بنيادي مزانشيمي ژله وارتون بارگذاري شده بر داربست نانوفيبر ساخته شده از پلي لاكتيك اسيد / صمغ كتيرا و عصاره پوست انار با روش الكتروريسي ، در ترميم زخم تجربي در موش بزرگ آزمايشگاهي با كمك بافت شناسي و ايمونوهيستوشيمي انجام شد. مواد و روش‌كار: پس از تهيه پودر پوست انار، عصاره هيدروالكلي پوست آن به روش خيساندن آماده شد. داربست مورد نظر در اين مطالعه با كمك دستگاه الكتروريسي مستقر در آزمايشگاه بهداشت مواد غذايي دانشكده دامپزشكي دانشگاه رازي ساخته شد و عصاره پوست انار در تركيب داربست با نسبت 25/1% استفاده شد. جهت شناسايي داربست از آزمون FTIR وميكروسكوپ الكتروني نگاره استفاده شد. بند ناف جنين full term انسان از بيمارستان بيستون به آزمايشگاه كشت سلول منتقل شده و طبق پروتوكل آزمايشگاه مراحل جداسازي، كشت و پاساژ سلولي انجام شد. جهت سنجش سميت سلولي داربست از آزمون MTT استفاده شد. تعداد 20 سر موش آزمايشگاهي بزرگ نر نژاد ويستار با ميانگين سني دو ماه خريداري و در قفس مخصوص با شرايط محيطي دما 3±22 درجه سانتي‌گراد و سيكل روشنايي(12:12) در خانه حيوانات نگهداري شد و در طول مطالعه، به آب و غذا دسترسي آزاد داشتند. پس از تطابق با شرايط محيطي، موش‌ها با كمك كتامين/زايلازين (ketamine 80 mg/kg & xylazine 10mg/kg) بيهوش شدند. موي سطح پشتي هر موش در محل ايجاد زخم‌ها زده و ضد عفوني شد. در سطح پشتي هر موش، زخم دايرهاي به قطر 20 ميليمتر و با ضخامت كامل ايجاد شد و به طور تصادفي به پنج گروه تقسيم شدند. 1)گروه كنترل منفي 2) گروه تيمارشده با 105 سلول 3) گروه تيمارشده با داربست پلي‌لاكتيك‌اسيد/صمغ كتيرا 4) گروه تيمار شده با داربست پلي‌لاكتيك اسيد/صمغ كتيرا/عصاره انار 5) گروه تيمار شده با داربست پلي‌لاكتيك‌اسيد/كتيرا/عصاره انار بارگذاري شده با 105 سلول . طول مدت تيمار 14 روز بود.. درروزهاي 4، 7، 10 و 14 با كمك دوربين ديجيتال از محل زخم تصاويري اخذ شد و روند ترميم زخم از نظر ماكروسكوپي بررسي شد. پس از 2 هفته، موش‌ها آسان كشي شدند و نمونه‌هاي پوست از ناحيه مورد بررسي اخذ شدند و در محلول فيكساتيو قرار داده شدند. بعد از فيكس شدن بافت ، به روش معمول، مقاطع بافتي از پوست تهيه شد و پس از رنگ آميزي عمومي و اختصاصي با ميكروسكوپ نوري مطالعه و مقايسه شد. همچنين جهت مطالعه ايمونوهيستوشيميايي نمونه‌‌هاي بافتي به آزمايشگاه مربوط ارسال شدند و پروتئينهاي ويمنتين، CD31وki-67 مورد رنگ آميزي و مطالعه قرارگرفتند. يافته‌ها:

چكيده مقدمه و هدف : فاض?ب دفعي بيمارستان از مهم‌ترين منابع انتشار عوامل عفونت‌زا در مح?ط است. وجود عواملانگلي متعدد و زئونوز در فاضلاب بيمارستاني و احتمال راه‌يابي اين فاضلاب به آبهاي آشاميدني يا محصولات كشاورزي، خطري بالقوه جهت انتقال بيماري‌هاي‌ انگلي به انسان و دام محسوب ميشود. فاضلاب‌ها به دليل دارا بودن مواد مغذي ميتواند براي اصلاح خاك استفاده شود و چنانچه به شكل صحيح سالم‌سازي نشود، عوامل مقاوم انگلي نظير تخم كرم‌ها و كيست تك‌ياختهها ممكن است وارد محصولات كشاورزي شود. هدف از ا?ن مطالعه تع??ن وضع?ت آلودگي‌انگل? فاض?ب خام بيمارستان امام رضا (ع) شهر كرمانشاه است. مواد و روش‌كار : اين مطالعه بر روي نمونه‌هاي اخذ شده از بيمارستان امام رضا(ع) شهرستان كرمانشاه صورت گرفته و نمونه‌گيري از فروردين ماه 1403 تا شهريور ماه 1403 به مدت 6 ماه و به صورت هفتگي انجام شد. نمونـه‌هاي اخذ شده بـراي انجـام آزمايشات انگل شناسي به آزمايشگاه انگل شناسي دانشكده دامپزشكي دانشگاه رازي منتقل شدند. آنـاليز انگلـي بـر اسـاس روش بيلنجـر بـا لام شـمارش مـك ‌مسـتر انجام شد. جهت تشخيص آلودگي نمونههاي اخذ شده به تك‌ياخته كريپتوسپوريديوم از هر نمونه 3 گسترش تهيه‌كرده و پس از ثابت كردن با اتانول به روش ذل-نيلسون اصلاح شده رنگ‌آميزي ميشود و زير ميكروسكوپ مشاهده شد و وجود آلودگي و شدت آلودگي براي هر نمونه ثبت گرديد. جهت مقايسه آلودگي در ماههاي مختلف نمونهگيري از آزمونهاي آماري در بستر نرم‌افزار    استفاده شد. در اين مطالعه مقادير p كمتر از 05/0 معنيدار در نظر گرفته شدند. نتايج : بر اساس نتايج به‌دست‌آمده، در روش تلمن تخم تنيا، لارو نماتود، تخم هيمنولپيس نانا، كيست ژيارديا، كيست كيلوماستيكس، كيست آميب، كيست بلاستوسيستيس هومينيس، كيست يوامبا بوتچلي مشاهده شد و فاضلاب تصفيه شده بيمارستان امام رضا ازنظر آلودگي با كريپتوسپوريديوم در مواردي بسيار كم مثبت بود. آزمون‌هاي آماري كه بر روي نتايج روش تلمن انجام شد، اختلاف معني‌دار بين آلودگي انگلي فاضلاب تصفيه شده ماه‌هاي نمونه‌گيري را نشان نداد. همين‌طور اختلاف معني‌دار بين آلودگي انگلي فصل بهار و تابستان فاضلاب تصفيه شده بيمارستان امام رضا ديده نشد. آلودگي به كريپتوسپوريديوم در ماههاي مختلف بيمارستان و در فصول بهار و تابستان اختلاف معني‌داري را نشان نداد. نتيجه‌گيري : آلودگي فاضلاب بيمارستان امام رضا(ع) كرمانشاه به انواع انگلهاي پاتوژن، نشاندهنده توانايي پسابها و كود ناشي از آن در آلوده سازي منابع آبي و محصولات كشاورزي مورداستفاده براي انسان و دامهاست. لذا سالم‌سازي صحيح فاضلاب قبل از ورود به محيط‌زيست از اهميت بالايي برخوردار است. كلمات كليدي : فاضلاب، فاضلاب بيمارستان، آلودگي انگلي، كرمانشاه، تك‌ياخته، كرم

  Canine parvoviral enteritis is a common and lethal viral disease in dogs, where rapid diagnosis and accurate prognosis are crucial for effective management and reducing mortality. This study investigates the use of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood of dogs affected by parvoviral enteritis. cfDNA, which is naturally present in the bloodstream, originates from dead and damaged cells, and its levels are typically elevated in inflammatory and infectious diseases. This biomarker, especially in conditions with significant tissue damage and inflammation, can serve as a sensitive indicator for assessing disease severity and predicting complications. In addition to cfDNA, ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP) are well-known inflammatory biomarkers. Ferritin, which functions as an iron storage protein, is elevated in response to severe inflammation and systemic infections. On the other hand, CRP is a plasma protein that increases in response to inflammation in the body and can be useful for identifying active infections and evaluating their severity. In this study, 20 dogs diagnosed with parvoviral enteritis and severe neutropenia, following initial diagnosis and informed consent from their owners, will be enrolled. Standardized treatment, based on body weight and dosage, will be administered to these patients for five days during which blood samples will be collected. Samples will be taken on the first day before treatment begins, and subsequently on each of the following five days, to assess the changes in the targeted biomarkers and their correlations in evaluating treatment response and prognosis. This study aims to compare the predictive ability of cfDNA, ferritin, and CRP for disease severity and clinical outcomes in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. The findings of this research could serve as an effective diagnostic and prognostic tool to improve therapeutic and care strategies for this life-threatening disease in dogs

Keywords: Natural colorant; Electrospinning; Freshness indicator

abstract Dislocation of the patella is one of the main causes of lameness in dogs and is one of the most common reasons that send pets to the operating room. In this condition, the patella bone is out of its normal position and the movement of the animal is difficult. Although this condition also occurs in cats, most of the reports are seen in dogs, especially small breed dogs. Dislocation of the patella bone, if it worsens, prevents the normal activity of dogs and creates a big problem for them and their owners. Its abundance statistics have been studied by various researchers. However, despite the growing trend of keeping dogs in the last few years, no information regarding the investigation of this condition in Kermanshah city was found during the search in the available scientific source  

Abstract   Introduction and Objective: Wastewater from slaughterhouses is one of the most significant sources of the spread of infectious agents in the environment. The presence of various parasitic and zoonotic agents in slaughterhouse wastewater and the potential for this wastewater to enter drinking water or agricultural products poses a potential risk for the transmission of parasitic diseases to humans and livestock. Wastewater, due to its nutrient content, can be used for soil improvement, and if not properly treated, resistant parasitic agents such as worm eggs and protozoan cysts may contaminate agricultural products. The aim of this study is to determine the level of parasitic contamination in raw wastewater from slaughterhouses in Kermanshah County. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on samples taken from two slaughterhouses in Kermanshah County (Bistoon Slaughterhouse and Mahdasht Slaughterhouse), with sampling carried out weekly over a period of six months. Parasitological analysis was performed based on the Bilinger method using a counting chamber with a volume of 0.3 milliliters. Additionally, to identify the eggs and cysts of heavy parasites that could not be detected by the Bilinger method, the Telman method was employed. To diagnose contamination of the collected samples with protozoa, a modified Nelson staining method was used, and after examining the presence and intensity of contamination, results were recorded for each sample. To compare contamination levels across different months of sampling and between the two slaughterhouses, statistical tests were conducted using    software. In this study, p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Based on the obtained results, Ascaris eggs, eggs of other nematodes, Moniezia eggs, nematode larvae, Giardia cysts, and Eimeria oocysts were observed using the Baermann method, while Trichuris, Fasciola, and Dicrocoelium eggs were detected using the Telman method. The raw wastewater from both slaughterhouses tested positive for Cryptosporidium contamination. Statistical tests conducted on the results from the Baermann method did not show a significant difference in parasitic contamination of the raw wastewater between the Bistoon and Mahidisht slaughterhouses during the sampling months. Similarly, no significant difference was observed in the total parasitic contamination of the raw wastewater from both slaughterhouses across different sampling months. In each slaughterhouse, there was also no significant difference in contamination intensity between the various sampling months. The contamination by Cryptosporidium did not show a significant difference between the two slaughterhouses, either in total or when separated by slaughterhouse, across the different months. Conclusion: The contamination of wastewater from slaughterhouses in Kermanshah with various pathogenic parasites indicates the potential of effluents and the resulting manure to pollute water resources and agricultural products used for humans and livestock. Therefore, proper treatment of wastewater before its release into the environment is of great importance. Keywords: Wastewater, Slaughterhouse, Parasitic pollution, Kermanshah, Protozoa, Worm  

مرغ مينا يكي از پرندگاني است كه به عنوان پرنده خانگي و زينتي نگهداري مي‌شود‌. با توجه به شرايط نگهداري و سيستم گوارشي –كبدي خود پرنده، بيماري كبد چرب و ذخيره آهن از شايع ترين بيماري ها در اين گونه از پرندگان است كه بيشترين علت ارجاع پرنده به كلينيك مي‌باشد. هدف مطالعه حاضر مقايسه نشانگرهاي كلينيكال پاتولوژي و راديولوژي با تأكيد بر نشانه هاي عارضه ليپيدوز كبدي و بيماري ذخيره آهن در مرغان مينا‌ (Acridotheres tristis) ارجاعي به كلينيك‌هاي دامپزشكي كرمانشاه مي‌باشد. در اين مطالعه از 30 مرغ ميناي ارجاعي به كلينيك هاي كرمانشاه، پس از گرفتن تاريخچه و معاينه، با اخذ رضايت كتبي از صاحب پرنده، خون‌گيري از وريد بال(Brachial vein)صورت خواهد گرفت، سرم خون پس از جداسازي براي بررسي و ارزيابي پارامترهاي بيوشيميايي همچون سنجش ميزان پروتئين كل، آلبومين،تريگليسيريد، آهن و آنزيم هاي كبدي در فريزر با دماي منفي 20 درجه سلسيوس نگهداري خواهد شد. همچنين براي ارزيابي پراكسيداسيون چربي در سرم، ميزان مالون‌دي‌آلدهيد سنجيده خواهد شد. از تمام پرنده‌ها عكس راديولوژي با حالت گماري در دو وضعيت شكمي پشتي و جانبي تهيه شده و مورد ارزيابي قرار خواهد گرفت. در صورت امكان آزمايش تكميلي بيوپسي كبدي انجام و با رنگ آميزي هماتوكسيلين-ائوزين، اسيد پريوديك شيفت و ماسون تري كروم انجام خواهد شد. داده هاي به دست آمده از نتايج آزمايش ها بصورت ميانگين و انحراف استاندارد بوده و با استفاده از آزمون t مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفته و همچنين براي بررسي ارتباط نتايج از ضريب همبستگي پيرسون استفاده خواهد شد.