profile - Razi University

Faculty Member of Razi University

Razi University
Maryam Rahmati Torkashvand

Maryam Rahmati Torkashvand

Assistant Professor / Literature and Humanities / Arabic literature

Current courses

Course Name unit term
Lexicon and Equivalent choice in translation 2 first semester Academic year 2026-2027
English for the Students of Arabic 2 first semester Academic year 2026-2027
Research Project 2 first semester Academic year 2026-2027
Internship 2 first semester Academic year 2026-2027
Project 2 first semester Academic year 2026-2027
2 first semester Academic year 2026-2027

Master Theses

  1. A Comparative Study of the Age of Custody and the Position of the Child's Best Interest in Imami Jurisprudence and the New Iraqi Law (Ja'fari Code of 2025)
    2026
  2. Visual schemas in the poetry of perseverance of Mohammad Javad Mohabbat
    Ozra Srori zamleh 2026
  3. Levels of feminist discourse analysis in the novel "The Women's Charter" by Hanin Al-Sayegh
    HAWRAA NAHEDH MOHAMMED 2026
       تتناول هذه الرسالة مستويات تحليل الخطاب النسوي في رواية "ميثاق النساء" للكاتبة حنين الصايغ، انطلاقاً من التساؤل عن الكيفية التي تتشكل بها ملامح هذا الخطاب، وعن الآليات اللغوية والسردية والرمزية التي توظفها الكاتبة لإبراز تجربة المرأة وصراعها مع القيود الاجتماعية والثقافية الموروثة. وتفترض الدراسة أن الرواية لا تكتفي بعرض هذه التجربة سرداً مباشراً، بل تُغلّفها بمنظومة من الرموز الطبيعية والمكانية وبازدواجية لغوية بين الفصحى والعامية، وبثنائية الصمت والبوح، مما يستدعي مساءلة العلاقة بين الشكل الفني والمضمون النسوي في النص. اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي القائم على تحليل الخطاب، مستندةً إلى مرجعيات نظرية من حقول اللسانيات والنقد الأدبي والنسوي، وذلك عبر أربعة فصول: تناول الأول الإطار العام للبحث، وعرض الثاني الأسس النظرية والمفاهيمية المتصلة بالخطاب والنسوية، فيما خُصص الثالث لدراسة المستويين اللغوي والسردي في الرواية، وتناول الرابع مستوى الجسد وعلاقته بالهوية، إضافة إلى البنية الرمزية بمستوييها الطبيعي والمكاني. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن الازدواجية اللغوية وتوظيف الصمت والبوح شكّلا استراتيجية تعبيرية واعية عكست التوتر الداخلي للبطلة، وأن استراتيجيات السرد بَنَت وعي البطلة بوصفه بحثاً مفتوح النتيجة يتشكل بالتوازي مع تشكّل الشخصية لا استرجاعاً لمعرفة جاهزة. كما كشف تحليل الجسد والهوية أن الجسد يمثل محوراً بنائياً وسردياً جوهرياً في تشكّل الهوية الأنثوية، في حين أظهرت البنية الرمزية أن الرموز الطبيعية والمكانية، كالبيت بوصفه سجناً مقنّعاً، وبيروت فضاءً مزدوج الدلالة بين الحرية والخطر، والقرية ملاذاً أليفاً، عملت بوصفها لغة موازية كشفت ما يتعذر على الخطاب المباشر التعبير عنه، وأسهمت في تعميق الدلالة النسوية للنص الروائي.    الكلمات المفتاحية: الرواية اللبنانية المعاصرة، الخطاب النسوي، حنين الصايغ، ميثاق النساء.
  4. The social vision in the novel (Haghl ALtoffah) by the writer Manal Maashi
    SHIMAL NASER RAMADHAN 2026
  5. Investigation and analysis of the story elements of the novel "Hay al-Amirkan" by Jabhour Al-Douyehi
    Maryam Yari 2026
          رمان حيّ الأميركان اثر جبور الدويهي، از جمله آثار شاخص ادبيات معاصر عربي است كه با بهره‌گيري از ساختاري روايي غيركلاسيك، به بازنمايي بحران‌هاي اجتماعي، رواني و تاريخي جامعه‌اي حاشيه‌نشين مي‌پردازد. اين پژوهش با رويكردي توصيفي–تحليلي و با تكيه بر متن اصلي عربي رمان، به بررسي عناصر روايي شامل شخصيت‌پردازي، زمان، مكان و زاويه ديد مي‌پردازد و مي‌كوشد نشان دهد كه چگونه اين عناصر در خدمت نقد اجتماعي و نمايش تداوم رنج جمعي قرار گرفته‌اند. يافته‌هاي پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد كه شخصيت‌هاي رمان، از جمله انتصار محسن، بلال محسن، اسماعيل، عبدالرحمن المشنوق و عبدالكريم العزّام، نه شخصيت‌هايي قهرمان‌محور، بلكه تيپ‌هايي اجتماعي و فرسايشي‌اند كه هر يك بازتاب‌دهنده شكلي از بحران فردي و نسلي هستند. زمان در رمان ساختاري خطي و رو به پيشرفت ندارد، بلكه به‌صورت چرخه‌اي، ايستا و رواني سامان مي‌يابد و با تكرار كنش‌هاي روزمره، حس تعليق و توقف تاريخي را تقويت مي‌كند. مكان نيز نقشي فراتر از بستر وقوع رويدادها دارد و در تقابل ميان حيّ الأميركان به‌عنوان فضايي حاشيه‌اي و دارة العزّام به‌مثابه نماد مركز و قدرت اجتماعي، به عنصري معنا‌ساز در ساخت روايت تبديل مي‌شود. نتيجه آن‌كه جبور الدويهي با پرهيز آگاهانه از پيرنگ كلاسيك، گره‌گشايي قطعي و پايان‌بندي قاطع، ساختار روايت را به ابزاري براي نمايش فرسايش زندگي روزمره و استمرار بحران در جامعه معاصر عربي بدل مي‌سازد. كلمات كليدي: رمان عربي، جبور الدويهي، حيّ الأميركان، عناصر روايي، شخصيت‌پردازي، زمان چرخه‌اي            
  6. Translation of the book "Soft War, Theoretical and Applied Foundations"
    Ahmad Mohammadi 2026
       قدرت هوشمند تركيبي از قدرت سخت و نرم است كه دولت ها در هر برهة زماني و مكاني، با استفاده از اين دو راهبرد مختلف در جهت ايجاد تحولات بنيادين در عرصة جهاني در راستاي اهداف و منافع خود گام بر مي‌دارند. يكي از اشكال نوين جنگ در دوران معاصر و عصر ارتباطات، جنگ نرم يا قدرت نرم است. اين پايان‌نامه ترجمة كتابي تحت عنوان «الحرب الناعمة، الأسس النظرية والتطبيقية» است كه توسط دكتر علي محمد الحاج حسن به نگارش درآمده است. نويسنده در اين كتاب به بررسي جنگ نرم و مفاهيم بنيادين نظري و تطبيقي آن پرداخته است. اين پژوهش با روش توصيفي- تحليلي به ترجمة فارسي اين كتاب از طريق ترجمة ارتباطي مي‌پردازد. ترجمة كاربردي 3 فصل اصلي اين كتاب كه در هر فصل در   بخش‌هاي گوناگوني به بررسي جنگ نرم و مفاهيم مربوط به آن، نظريات مطرح شده در زمينة جنگ نرم با محوريت تقابل اعتقادي و مبنايي نظام اسلامي و استكبار جهاني، شناخت كانونها و مراكز تصميم ساز جنگ نرم و...پرداخته، از اهداف ترجمة اين كتاب مي‌باشند.    كليد واژگان: جهان اسلام، جنگ نرم، مفهوم شناسي جنگ نرم، دكترعلي محمد الحاج حسن.               
  7. Content and structural analysis of the themes of sustainable literature in Al-Zumrah's novel
    FATEMEH KERAMI 2026
  8. Sociology of gender in the novel Khabes Ali Taweleh Al-Khal Milad by Mohammad Al-Naas
    Saeid Falakdin lorestan 2026
       نگاه جنسيّتي به دو جنس زن و مرد در جوامع بشري و به تبع در جوامع عربي ريشه­اي كهن دارد. در عرصه ادبيات و آثار ادبي نويسندگان زيادي در دنياي عرب از منظر «جامعه شناسي جنسيّت» قلم فرسايي نموده­اند. رمان «خبز علي طاوله الخال ميلاد»؛ «ناني روي ميز دايي ميلاد»، اولين رمان محمد النعاس و برگزيده بوكر عربي در سال ???? است. اين اثر نيز از جمله آثار ادبي جهان عرب مي­باشد كه علاوه بر پردازش مضمون روايي- داستاني خود، در زمين? جامعه شناسي جنسيّت مضامين در خور توجهي را در بر دارد. نويسنده در اين رمان توانسته معيارهاي جنسيّتي مورد پذيرش و بالعكس نكوهيد? جامعه خود را به تصوير بكشد. شخصيّت­هاي اصلي و فرعي داستان تصويرگران ايدئوژي­هاي جنسيّتي حاكم بر جامعه ليبي مي­باشند. ارائ? تصويري از قواعد و هنجارهاي جنسيّتي مطرح در جامعه، پردازش مولفه­هاي سرماي? جنسي، بررسي تاثير تقابل سنت و مدرنيته بر رويكرد جنسيّتي و پردازش پديد? مرد سالاري در جامعه ليبي محورهاي اصلي پژوهش پيش رو تشكيل داده و نگاه جنسيّت زده جامعه نسبت به دو جنس زن و مرد را مورد كنكاش قرار داه است.         كليد واژگان جامعه شناسي جنسيّت، محمد النعاس، خبز علي طاوله الخال ميلاد، جامعه ليبي.
  9. Narrative structure in the novel Muqamara Ala Sharaf Al Laidi Mitsi (Analytical Study)
    AHMED TAWFEEQ MUTAR 2026
  10. Analysis of the novel Taste of Wolf based on Jung's theory of archetypal critique
    Mahsa Fahimi 2025
       This study analyzes Jungian archetypes in Abdullah Al-Busais’ novel Ta‘m al-Dhi’b (The Taste of the Wolf). The research approaches the novel through Jungian psychology, with a focus on the theory of archetypes and the collective unconscious. The main objective is to examine symbols such as the “wolf,” the “desert,” and the character of “Dhiban” as archetypal manifestations within the narrative structure of the novel, and to trace the protagonist’s psychological and identity transformation within the specific socio-cultural context of the story. Methodologically, the study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and applies Jungian archetypal criticism, while also comparing The Taste of the Wolf with other Arabic literary works analyzed through archetypal theory. This provides new insights into the role of symbols and Jungian archetypes in contemporary Arabic literature. The findings reveal that applying Jungian archetypal theory in Arabic literary criticism opens new horizons for interpreting symbolic and psychological texts. The study concludes that The Taste of the Wolf not only reflects a crisis of identity and the individual’s quest for self-awareness but also employs Jungian archetypes such as the “Shadow” and the “Hero’s Journey” to portray Dhiban’s developmental stages. Symbolism emerges in the novel through the wolf as a symbol of the Shadow and the power of nature, and through the desert environment as a testing ground for the hero’s character. The novel also points to the process of individuation from a Jungian perspective, where the individual attains maturity and self-awareness through confronting the collective unconscious and engaging in spiritual experiences.    Keywords: Jung, archetype, collective unconscious, hero’s journey, shadow, Al-Busais, The Taste of the Wolf.
  11. Translation of the book "Musem ALjunun" Campiled by "Mujahid Abulhail"
    2025
  12. Character analysis and characterization in the novel Ghada Umm Al-Qura
    Safiyeh Rashiadi gheshlaghi 2025
  13. Manifestations of horror literature in the novel Ibtasim F anta Mayeit by Hassan Al Jundi
    2025
  14. The Textual Thresholds in novel " An " by Wafa Abdul Razzaq
    AGHILEH BANI RASHID 2025
       The analysis of paratextual elements in contemporary Arabic novels, and the identification of their patterns and functions as parallel texts, plays a vital and active role in unlocking the complexities of the narrative text and shedding light on its hidden dimensions. This process is essential for engaging the reader and facilitating their understanding of the diverse aspects of the novel. “Anne” by the Iraqi author Wafaa Abdulrazzaq is one of the recent Arabic novels in which paratextual elements are clearly and explicitly presented. These elements represent, in fact, a rich semiotic field that incorporates both linguistic signs—such as the title, introduction, dedication, internal headings, footnotes, quotations, and blank spaces—as well as non-linguistic signs, such as images, icons, and the front and back covers of the novel. These signs demand careful attention and comprehensive understanding to enable the reader to engage with the nature of the text and its multi-dimensional semiotic implications. Thus, paratextual elements serve as a communicative space, through which we receive and interpret these signs as semiotic markers, providing insight into the deeper layers of the narrative text. In her novel, the author employs the technique of the omniscient narrator, magical realism, and integrates historical and symbolic narrative techniques to offer a tragic representation of the current state of her homeland, Iraq. Through the use of projected historical events and their interaction with the painful reality, the author seeks to contribute to the critique and improvement of the deteriorating social and political circumstances. The novel further aims to raise awareness among the reader about ongoing events, enlighten emerging generations, and i  ire efforts to rescue the nation from its bleak situation and the various co  iracies being plotted against it. This study, using a descriptive-analytical research approach, aims to examine and elucidate the paratextual elements present in the novel under investigation. These elements are considered as semiotic signs or tools that suggest the underlying content of the text, encapsulating the essence of the narrative work. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact and effectiveness of these elements in enhancing the understanding and interpretation of the narrative's creative contributions. In conclusion, the study presents several key findings, the most significant of which is that paratextual elements are a fundamental component of the novel. They play a critical role in shaping the narrative’s direction and meaning, offering profound interpretive dimensions for its reading. These elements represent an essential artistic strategy with significant semiotic power that is indispensable for contemporary narrative works. Their functions include designation, description, semiotics, allure, and poetics, all of which are intricately linked to the thematic content and overall structure of the narrative. Keywords: Contemporary Iraqi Novel, Anne, Wafaa Abdulrazzaq, Paratextual Elements.
  15. Analysis of Taha Hossein's novel Mavaraalnahr based on Goldman's sociological theory
    Romina Shahinfard 2025
  16. Analysis and study of two elements "character" and "incident" in the novel "Wemis"
    ARMIN MORADI 2025
       رمان "وميس" اثر نورالدين درويش شاعر، نويسنده، الجزاِير است؛ وي در اين رمان با بهره­گيري از روش­ها و ابزارهاي ادبي به معرفي حوادث و جريانات واقعي و رهايي از استعمار مي­پردازد. درويش در اين رمان حادثه محور با زباني ساده و با بهره­گيري از شخصيت­هاي متعدد اصلي و فرعي بر آن است تا تصويري گويا از وضعيت سياسي و اجتماعي مردم الجزائر را ارائه دهد، حوادث در باب القنطرة، سيدي مبروك، الزيادية، الكدية، رخ مي­دهد. داستاني عميق و تأمل‌برانگيز است كه به زندگي و چالش‌هاي شخصيتي قهرمان خود، "هلال"، مي‌پردازد. اين رمان در بستر اجتماعي و فرهنگي الجزاير، به بررسي جستجوي هويت، آزادي و پيچيدگي‌هاي انساني مي‌پردازد. داستان حول محور زندگي "هلال" و تجربيات او در مواجهه با بحران‌ها و تضادهاي دروني شكل مي‌گيرد. داستان "وميس" روايتگر سفر قهرمان به سوي شناخت خود و جستجوي معنا در زندگي است. "هلال" به عنوان يك جوان با آرزوها و ترس‌هاي خود، در مواجهه با مشكلات اجتماعي و فرهنگي قرار مي‌گيرد. او با چالش‌هاي خانوادگي، اجتماعي و سياسي دست و پنجه نرم مي‌كند كه هر يك به نوعي بر رفتار و تصميمات او تأثير مي­گذارد. اين سفر، او را به سمت رشد فردي و درك عميق‌تري از دنياي اطرافش سوق مي‌دهد. اين رمان به دليل عمق شخصيت‌پردازي و پرداختن به موضوعات اجتماعي و فرهنگي، ارزش بالايي دارد. "وميس" نه تنها داستان يك فرد؛ بلكه نمايانگر مبارزات جمعي جامعه الجزاير است. اين اثر به خوانندگان اين امكان را مي‌دهد كه با چالش‌هاي انساني و اجتماعي آشنا شوند و به تفكر درباره هويت و آزادي بپردازند. هدف اين پژوهش بررسي تعامل دو عنصر شخصيت و حادثه در رمان "وميس" است. اهميت اين پژوهش در شناخت چگونگي تأثير حوادث بر شخصيت‌ها و بالعكس، در شكل‌گيري داستان و پيام‌هاي آن نهفته است. اين تحليل مي‌تواند به خوانندگان كمك كند تا درك عميق‌تري از ساختار روايي و معناي نهفته در داستان پيدا كنند. روش تحقيق اين پژوهش تحليلي-توصيفي است كه بر پايه مطالعه متون ادبي و بررسي عميق شخصيت‌ها و حوادث داستان بنا شده است. با تحليل ديالوگ‌ها، توصيف‌ها و تحولات شخصيت‌ها، سعي شده است تا ارتباط ميان شخصيت و حوادث مورد بررسي قرار گيرد. نتايج اين پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد كه شخصيت "هلال" تحت تأثير حوادث مختلف قرار مي‌گيرد، اما در عين حال، انتخاب‌ها و رفتارهاي او نيز به شكل‌گيري اين حوادث كمك مي‌كند. تعامل ميان شخصيت و حادثه نه تنها داستان را پيش مي‌برد بلكه به عمق معاني آن نيز افزوده است. "هلال" به عنوان نمادي از جستجوي هويت، نشان‌دهنده اين نكته است كه انسان‌ها در مواجهه با چالش‌ها چگونه مي‌توانند رشد كنند و تغيير يابند. در نهايت، رمان "وميس" نه تنها يك داستان فردي بلكه بازتابي از واقعيت‌هاي اجتماعي است كه مي‌تواند الهام‌بخش نسل‌هاي آينده باشد.    كليدواژگان: داستان نويسي معاصر الجزاير، نورالدين درويش، رمان "وميس"، شخصيت­پردازي، حادثه   
  17. Analysis John searl'es speech act in the book Ahlam shahrzad by Taha hossein.
    KHATREH ZAREE KANGARSHAHI 2025
  18. Comprehensive Critical Narrative Critique of Dark Cave, Cave Tower, Cave Fear, Underpass Based on Lucien Goldman's Theory
    Yegane Rahmati 2025
     The subject of this research is the sociological analysis of the stories Gharatar, The Tower of the Cave, The Fear of the Cave, and The Underpass based on Lucien Goldmann's theory. This four-volume collection was written by child laborers and compiled and published by Ali Sadeghi Khayat. The study examines the extent to which social, economic, and political conditions influenced the creation of these stories.Since a significant portion of collective consciousness is shaped by social conditions, it is evident that all ideologies, including art and what is called literature, reflect the tendencies and emotional states of a society. For example, in a class-based society, the tendencies and emotional states of a particular class are clearly observable in its literary works. Furthermore, it is clear that a literary critic, when analyzing a work, must first identify what aspect of social consciousness (class consciousness) is expressed in that work. The critic's primary task is to translate the ideas embedded in a particular work from the language of art into sociology, determining what can be considered the sociological equivalent of that literary phenomenon.Goldmann's theory introduces numerous key concepts, such as class consciousness, the working class, totality, worldview, transindividual subject (collective subject), social structure, social class, class conflict, reification, the problematic human, the petty bourgeoisie, the proletariat, structural social mobility, mass, characteristics of the mass, and modernity. These concepts are used in the analysis of these works to explore narrative and literary structures and the connection between literature and sociology.Based on the conducted analysis, we concluded that each of these narratives can serve as a form of protest against social environments, cultural beliefs, and economic conditions. Addressing each of these issues could contribute to assisting and rescuing these children.
  19. Comparative study of postmodern components in two novels "Sa'at Baghdad " and "Nakhlha va Adamha
    Nemat Fatahi 2025
  20. Examining the element of dialogue in Shahrzad's plays written by Tawfik Al-Hakim and Ser-e-shahrzad by Ali Ahmad Baksir.
    2025
  21. Content and musical analysis of the religious poetry of Hani Abu Mustafa (a case study of the two divans "Akzab al-Asheqin" and "Akher al-Darawish"
    OMED ABDALRAHMAN AHMED 2024
  22. Anti-Capitalism in O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into Night in Light of Adorno's Aesthetic Theory
    Fahimeh Rashanvar 2024
       Adorno’s aesthetic theory is concerned with the relation of art and society. He introduces the disartification of art which means that a work of art not only cannot be separated from its social context but also is dedicated to mirror the society within which it occurs. Long Day’s Journey into Night is an autobiographical four-act play written by the American playwright Eugene O’Neil. This study, by presenting a clear vision of Adorno’s aesthetic theory and the concepts of capitalism, reification, mass culture, and fetishization, tries to analyze O’Neil’s play in a Marxist manner. This social and political masterpiece will be thoroughly elaborated according to Adorno’s aesthetic theory. This study focuses on the potency of Adorno’s theory in elucidating O’Neil’s criticism of a capitalist system, in the above-mentioned play, in which people are the laborers in the process of producing capital and are tragically diminished as a consequence.    Key words: Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, Anti-Capitalism, Eugene O’Neill, Long Day’s Journey into Night
  23. Analysis of the Mantegh- ol tair based on the types of thinking in the P4C
    Soraya Moradi 2024
       This research investigates the Logic of the Birds by Attar of Nishapur based on the types of thinking in the Philosophy for Children (P4C) program. Attar's Logic of the Birds, with its foundation in Islamic Sufism and the concept of the Unity of Existence, as well as its allegorical aspects, holds a high position in Persian language and literature. Farid al-Din Attar of Nishapur was a Persian poet and Sufi of the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Matthew Lipman is the founder of P4C (Philosophy for Children). This research first addresses the impact of education and awareness on children's growth and balance, specifically critical thinking, creative thinking, caring thinking, and collaborative thinking. Then, it examines the characteristics of Sufi educational literature and its intellectual and educational features. Philosophy for Children is an educational program designed to cultivate thinking and reasoning skills. It aims to nurture thoughtful, aware, purposeful, inquisitive, and creative individuals. The approach of this program is based on group research (inquiry circle). The Logic of the Birds, this Sufi epic, addresses the Unity of Existence, a significant philosophical concept. It employs dialogue, a crucial tool for understanding, thinking, feeling, and learning, to convey its message. The narrative style and the poet's mode of expression, along with the stories and tales, are highly significant. This work ranks high in the skill of creative thinking in terms of trendsetting and thought-provoking and fostering a sense of responsibility. Additionally, Attar, in the form of the hoopoe, presents the reality of matters, the difficulties of the path, and the effort to raise awareness and attain insight to each of the birds through beautiful tales. It can be said that by addressing issues such as the expansion of virtues (patience, trust, gratitude, loyalty, and self-improvement), it holds a high rank in the skill of caring thinking.
  24. Analytical studies of Sufi poetry by the poet Abd al-Salam Muhammadi
    BARHAM HASAN ABDULLA 2024
  25. Analyzing Mohammad Ghasemzadeh's Iranian legends based on critical thinking in P4C.
    Fareborz Gholami 2024
       Children's philosophy is one of the topics related to psychology and sociology that teaches a person to make the right decision and right thinking. Philosophy for children is an education that is taught to children from an early age and deals with the power of reasoning and judgment. Critical thinking is one of the sub-branches of this science, where criticism here means correct thinking and reasoning that is taught to children so that they can solve their issues and problems correctly in the future. Mohammad Ghasemzadeh's Iranian fairy tales have topics and themes with the purpose of education and thinking for children and teenagers, which are more suitable for the age group of children and teenagers, and it is necessary to examine them based on Lipman's critical thinking. Critical thinking in Ghasemzadeh's fairy tales has been conceptualized and visualized for children and teenagers, that the experience of various characters in the story and their behavior in the events and anomalies of the times is an expression of critical thinking skills. The types of critical thinking skills are visible in Ghasemzadeh's fairy tales, such as skills including thinking, foresight, reasoning and inference, and their teaching in the form of fairy tales is simple and understandable for children and teenagers. Critical thinking in Ghasemzadeh's fables and people's behavior and dealing with norms and anomalies are such that the types of critical thinking skills can be examined properly in their text and the child's critical mind will be formed and strengthened by reading these fables and being influenced by them. Keywords: Iranian legends, Mohammad Ghasemzadeh, Matthew Lipman, multidimensional thinking, critical thinking, critical thinking skills
  26. Examining the dual opposition of despair and hope in Ebater's novel
    Reza Farhamand 2024
       Literature as a type of literature that reflects individual and social issues and society has also paid attention to the phenomenon of hope and hope. The present study deals with the dual opposition of despair and hope in the novel "Alabtar" using a descriptive-analytical method. Hope and hope are among the human characteristics that show themselves with the openings and bottlenecks of his life. In fact, these two concepts are always in conflict with each other and have an individual and social concept. In the novel "Al-Abtar" Mamdouh Adwan has put hope and despair face to face; Where the main character of the story tries to find openings of hope and freedom in the height of desperation and freedom, and to reach his mental utopia, which is victory, he resorts to increasing hope. The prominent features of hope in this work are shown with concepts such as struggle, striving for freedom and victory, faith, empathy, love for family, not thinking about death, sense of survival and life and courage. In drawing the concept of despair, the author has talked about components such as loneliness and fatigue, war, fear and panic, failure and the terrifying concept of death and suffering. Individual hope and despair in this work is influenced by the social situation. The war and struggle and the occupation of Al-Mansoura village caused the main character of the story to move his personal hope and despair towards social hope and despair. Although the concept of war and displacement is a dominant concept in this work, we can look at this work from the window of hope and not see it as a mere reflection of despair and failure. The author also used literary tools such as simile, metaphor, irony and other literary arrays in drawing the duality of hope and despair, where metaphor has more frequency. The writer's attitude towards hope and despair is more towards hope and he tries to present a correct and deep understanding of these two concepts to the audience.       Key words: Contemporary Syrian fiction writing, Al-Abtar, Mamdouh Adawan, Omid, Hope
  27. Correcting, verifying and commenting on the good news in explaining the individual (Department of Exchange)
    Rezgar Molaee 2024
       لك الحمد يا من زين الأزهان بمعرفة حقائق العلوم والأداب و لك الشكر يا من رفع الأدران بتناول دقائق الأسباب والصلواة والسلام علي هيولي منبع الوجود و أساس بناء الكرم والجود حضرت مُحمَّد المصطفي و علي آله و أصحابه النجباء إلي يوم اللقاء لما انفتق فجر الإسلام اعتنق علماء الإسلام بكمال الإخلاص إلي مباني الشريعة و ذرائعها و توجهوا إلي طرقها المستقيمة لأن يصلوا إلي المشرعة العظمي و ادلوا الادلاء فيها حتي اخذوا قدر مستطاعهم منها و رفعوا عمن هو عطش إلي معالم الأمور الغواشي و وشحوا وشاح الفضل لهم فجزاهم الله عنا أحسن الجزاء و أكرمهم أكرم الأبواء والحمدلله والمنة فقد دامت مناهجم العالية إلي يومنا هذا حتي اعطت نتائجهم الباهرة و انجبت خدماتهم الظاهره أساتيدنا الكرام فازدهروا بانخراطهم في سمط التقرير و سلك التحرير ففي البداية اري واجباً علي أن اتقدم بالشكر التام للباعثين علي هذه الجامعة المباركة و علي راسهم معالي مدير الموقر و جميع القائمين علي قسم الدراسات العليا وكلية الأداب خاصة فرع اللغة العربية و في مقدمهم فضيلة عميد الكلية فمن الطف الله به وجعله ذخرا لأبويه الأستاذ الشفيق الحميم و المحنك الخبير سماحة الاستاذ الدكتور شهريار همتي فأقبل اياديه البيض فقد اعطي خدماته السامية و اعطي القوس بارئها بالأشراف علي هذه الرسالة كما اتقدم بطوي الخالص و ملا الافواه كمال الفضيلة لاستاذة المساعدة الدكتورة مريم رحمتي حقا بلغت إلي اقصي ذروة الاخلاق و استوقفت اليها الاحداق فجزاها الله خير الجزاء و بلغها إلي اغصان آمالها بجاه نبيه وأله و نشكر من قاطبة اساتذتي في الحوزات العلمية بمحافظة الكردستان فانهم لم آلوا جهدا لهذا الحقير من بدو التعليم إلي يومي هذا و فتحوا لي حجورهم المباركة بغية التربية والتعليم لا زالوا مقبولين في سدة الباري و عتبته العاليه و اتقدم بجزيل الشكر لزملائي العظام وكل من حضضني في انجاز هذا العمل العالي خاصة الأصدقاء الاعزاء بدار الكردستان. فنرجوا الله أن يجزيهم بما لديه و أسكنهم بحبحة جنانه بحرمة نبيه وآله.
  28. A comparative study of despair and hope in the poems of nazik al-malaika and Fatima Rakei
    FARZANEH QHAMBARI 2024
       Fear and hope can be seen as one of the prominent characteristics of human beings, which are at the center of gravity of human emotions. These two distinct traits have a deep connection with high human emotions and when it approaches its peak, it gives a person strong motivation. Contemporary writers, with the understanding and knowledge they have of fear and hope, in their poems, prevent the society and especially their audience from painful issues with fear and make them optimistic about the issues around them with hope. do Among the poets who are committed and committed to Nazik Al-Malaika society are Iraqi poet and contemporary Iranian poet Fatemeh Rakei. These two female poets have a lot of emotional and social themes in their poems, a significant part of which is about fear and hope. This research, with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to explain and investigate despair and hope in the poems of these two poets. In this way, after explaining the manifestations of hope and despair, the most important songs of fear and hope in the poems of these two poets are examined and compared. From the results of this research, it can be pointed out that there are many pains and hopes in Nazik Al-Malaika and Fatemeh Rakei's poems, and these two poets have a lot of hope and despair regarding social issues, especially women. In the poems of these two poets, there are many issues, some of which are stories of hope and others are derived from the despair and hopele  ess of the two poets.
  29. Analyzing and examining the characters of the novel "An" by Wafa Abdul Razzaq
    Elnaz Raeesi 2024
      Character analysis plays a significant role in helping readers understand and clarify the content of a novel. Wafaa Abdul Razzaq, a contemporary Iraqi novelist, is known for her social concerns. In her novel "An," she analyzes and examines the characters, who often represent social issues. She also uses historical techniques and magical realism to create a somber portrayal of the U.S. invasion of Iraq. The author uses detailed descriptions of the characters, who are drawn from real-world society, to make the story more realistic for readers. The characters are complex and dynamic, and they are often introduced through dialogue or monologue. The protagonist of the novel is King Mahoud, who is a privileged man who becomes a wise and just ruler after facing many challenges. Other characters include Queen Sarmar, Queen Shams, Prince Qumran, Prince Najman, Princess Yaqut, Prince Baghdan, Amin, Malaz, Boragh, Prime Minister Arian, Zahran, Nouran, Mesbah, and a snake. The author uses a third-person omniscient point of view to reveal the characters' thoughts and feelings. She also uses a descriptive style to create a vivid and believable world for readers. This novel is a valuable contribution to Iraqi literature. It is a powerful and moving story that explores important social issues. In her novel "An," Iraqi novelist Wafaa Abdul Razzaq uses magical realism and historical techniques to create a somber portrayal of the U.S. invasion of Iraq. The characters are complex and dynamic, and they are often introduced through dialogue or monologue. The protagonist, King Mahoud, is a privileged man who becomes a wise and just ruler after facing many challenges.
  30. The Translation of the book (Psychological Warfare from the Perspective of Islam)
    Niloofar Baharvand 2024
    جنگ نرم تعريفي كه مورد پذيرش همگان باشد ندارد. در علوم نظامي از واژه ي جنگ رواني يا عمليات رواني استفاده مي‌شود كه در همه ادوار تاريخ بشريت به شكل‌هاي گوناگون در انواع جنگ‌ها و درگيري‌ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. نوعي تغيير و دگرگوني بدون خونريزي و خشنونت است كه در زمان گذشته به اين صورت وجود نداشته است امّا امروزه هجوم دشمن در حوزه‌هاي مختلف اقتصادي اجتماعي فرهنگي سياسي و... است كه نتيجه ي آن از بين بردن باور‌ها و ارزش‌هاي جامعه مورد هدف و جايگزيني هويت تازه است. در واقع دشمن با ابزار‌هاي مناسب خواست و اراده ي خود را بر يك ملت تحميل مي‌كند و بدون اشغال نظامي‌انديشه ي ملت را به اشغال خود درمي‌آورد. از اين رو احاطه ي همه جانبه بر رفتار و افكار هدف دارد. غايت اصلي در جنگ رواني تسلط بر ديگران است اما اين تسلط به صورت پنهاني است. اين جنگ مؤثرترين، كارآمدترين، كم هزينه‌ترين و در عين حال خطرناك‌ترين نوع جنگ است. از عوامل تقويت‌كننده اين جنگ مي‌توان به جهل مخاطب اشاره كرد از اين رو از بهترين راه‌ها براي مبارزه با جنگ رواني بالا بردن سطح آگاهي مردم است. همانطور كه اشاره شد، جنگ رواني از رايج‌ترين شيوه‌هاي تهاجمي بشر براي پيشبرد اهدافش بوده است ولي امروزه با پيشرفت تكنولوژي، بوجود آمدن رسانه و در نهايت اينترنت، ديگر جنگ رواني يك امر عادي و پيش‌پا افتاده محسوب نمي‌شود، مي‌تواند براي قبولاندن مسأله‌اي جزئي در ذهن مخاطب باشد يا سلطه ي كلي بر ملتي. مهم‌ترين جنبه ي جنگ رواني تغيير نگرش عمومي ملت است كه مي‌تواند بصورت شعار ظهور كند يا روش‌هاي عملي مانند ارعاب و خشنونت. تاكنون كتاب‌ها و مقالات زيادي در اين حوزه تهيه و منتشر شده است كه هركدام براي مخاطبين خاصي نگاشته شده‌اند. امّا براي‌شناساندن مفهوم جنگ رواني به مخاطب، از ديدگاه اسلام و استناد به روايات و آيات قرآن كريم مي‌پردازيم به ترجمه كتاب (( النظرية الاسلامية في الحرب النفسية )). در اين كتاب مفهوم جنگ‌رواني، اهداف و وظايف آن، روش‌ها، مبنا‌ها، آثار، و راه‌هاي پيش‌گيري از آن مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. ‌و‌ همچنين تاكتيك ‌هاي رواني بكار گرفته شده در صدر اسلام و پيروزي‌هاي بزرگ و بدون درگيري و خونزيري نظير فتح مكه كه از اين طريق كسب نمونده‌اند مورد بررسي قرار مي‌گيرد . در اين كتاب روش مطالعه ي اسنادي بكار برده شده است، به ويژه استفاده از آيات قرآن كريم. براي ترجمه ي آيات قرآن كريم از ترجمه ي آقاي فولادوند استفاده كرده‌ايم.   
  31. Translation of the book “Teaching the Arabic Language to Non-Native Speakers” by Ahmed Madkour and Iman Ahmed Haridi: Chapter: First to third
    Nashmineh Sharifi 2023
       يادگيري زبان عربي در ايران همواره مورد توجه دانشمندان و پژوهشگران بوده است زيرا از يك سو كشور ما از دير باز مهد تعليم و تعلم علوم اسلامي بوده است كه براي فهم بهتر و صحيح‌تر از متون ديني لازم است با زبان عربي آشنا باشيم، امروزه نيز به علت مركزيت ايران به عنوان يكي از كشورهاي صادر كنند فرهنگ و تمدن اسلامي، نياز به امر يادگيري زبان عربي بيش از پيش احساس مي­شود. و از سوي ديگر تعاملات فرهنگي، اقتصادي، سياسي و اجتماعي ما با‌كشورهاي عرب زبان منطقه و همسايه لازم مي‌كند‌كه به زبان آنان آشنا باشيم. بنابراين يادگيري اين زبان در ايران موضوعي بسيار مهم و حياتي است، كه پژوهشگران و فعالان در اين حوزه را بر‌آن داشته تا با راهكارهاي بهتر و كاربردي­تري   به آموزش اين زبان بپردازند. بنابراين به خاطر اهميت يادگيري صحيح زبان عربي در سطح دنيا پژوهشگران عربي در دانشگاه­ها و مؤسسات آموزشي همواره   در پي ارائه­ي راهكارهاي بهتر و آسانتر براي آموزش زبان عربي هستند.
  32. Arabic heritage in BostanSaadi
    Sima Yousefi 2023
       از قديم‌الايام ايرانيان به سخنان حكيمانه مشهور بوده‌اند. آثار زيادي در ادبيات فارسي وجود دارد كه از چشمه جوشان حكمت‌هاي ايران باستان نشأت گرفته است، كه از آن دسته مي‌توان به آثار گرانقدر مشرف‌الدين مصلح بن عبدالله شيرازي شاعر و نويسنده بزرگ قرن هفتم اشاره كرد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي تأثيرپذيري سعدي از منابع عربي با استفاده از شيوه كتابخانه‌اي و روش توصيفي ـ تحليلي گردآوري شده است. نتايج تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه بر خلاف آنچه كه در منابع عربي آمده است، آثار سعدي متأثر از فرهنگ ايران باستان است. با بررسي منابع مختلف دريافتيم كه ايرانيان پند و اندرز را راهي براي سعادت خويش مي‌پنداشتند و همواره اين پند و اندرزهاي حكيمانه جوامع ايران باستان را از انحراف بازداشته است. تا جايي كه در متون قديم پندهايي به نام‌آوران و اساطير ايران چون انوشروان، اردشير بابكان، شاپور، بهمن، هوشنگ و ... نسبت داده شده است. از آنجا كه تبادل فرهنگي فراواني ميان اعراب و ايرانيان وجود داشته است، بسياري از حكمت‌هاي ايراني در طول گذشت اعصار به ميان حكمت‌هاي عربي راه يافته‌اند و به دليل اينكه منابع آن در نظر گرفته نشده است يا به اشتباه به فردي غير ايراني نسبت داده شده است، رنگ و بوي عربي به خود گرفته‌اند. تأثيرپذيري سعدي همانند ساير شاعران مسلمان از قرآن را نمي‌توان ناديده گرفت اما اين امر دال بر تأثيرپذيري وي از حكمت عربي نيست زيرا ساخت صنايع ادبي با استفاده از تلميح و اشارات اين شاعر بزرگ و ساير شعرا را به استفاده از آيات قرآن و واژگان عربي سوق داده است و اين امر براي زيبا سازي كلام مورد استقبال قرار گرفته شده است. كلمات كليدي ايران باستان، فرهنگ ايراني، حكمت، سعدي، بوستان
  33. In Vestigating the Rhetorical Approaches in Persuasion and Determent on the Heroic Section of Shahname Ferdowsi
    Sara Hiranichenari 2023
  34. Structural and content analysis of the novel Shorafat Al-Aar by Ibrahim Nasrallah Based on the theory of Fowler
    Hossein Dashadi 2023
       Abstract The Balcony of Shame is the title of one of Ebrahim Nasrallah's social novels which, with a critical tone, depicts the chaotic atmosphere and confusion of people who are heavily influenced by rotten attitudes and are always worried about being judged by the eyes that   The balconies of their houses are noble over them.   Familiarity with this space and the techniques used to reflect the reality made the author delve into the mentioned novel to examine the important narrative components based on a coherent approach, and in this regard, Fowler's "point of view" model was chosen.   which has an opinion on the aesthetic aspect of the novel (time-spatial point of view, the narrator and transmission of speech and thought) and evaluates the author's level of attitude and worldview in the novel.   The narrative analysis of the novel shows: the language tools used in the temporal-spatial dimension are the basis for the introduction of the characters, and in the attitudinal dimension, with the direct speech style, the reflection of thoughts by the characters themselves is provided.   More realism of the novel helps, and on the other hand, the free indirect discourse brings together two interwoven voices of the narrator's and the character's values ??and conveys to the audience that the author's displeasure with the actions and   They reveal cultural and social misconceptions and the need to change fundamental attitudes    Key words: literary analysis of narrative, Fowler's point of view, the novel of Al-Aar, Ebrahim Nasrallah
  35. Surveying War and Weapons in Darab-namah of Tarsus
    Zahra Mehdiabadi 2023
    اين پايان­نامه با عنوان «بررسي و تحليل جنگ و جنگ­افزار در دارا­ب­نام? طرسوسي» به تبيين و تحليل انواع و اقسام جنگ­ها، شيوه­ها و شگردها و راهبردهاي جنگجويان و ابزار و آلات جنگي مورد استفاد? آن­ها مي­پردازد. هدف اصلي: بررسي و تحليل گونه­هاي جنگ و انواع جنگ­افزارها در داراب­نام? طرسوسي است. روش پژوهش: اين پايان­نامه به روش تحليلي- توصيفي- اسنادي و متكي بر مطالع? منابع كتابخانه­اي به انجام رسيده است. يافته­ها: جنگ­ها در داراب­نامه به دو شيو? تن­به­تن و گروهي صورت گرفته است و ابزاري كه در اين دو نوع جنگ­ها استفاده شده بعضي همچون سپر، جوشن و زره ابزار و آلات تدافعي و بعضي همچون تيغ، نيزه، زوبين و گرز ابزار و آلات تهاجمي است.   چنانكه پيداست دو اقليم مختلف در اين نبردها ديده مي­شود: يكي اقليم زميني و واقعي و محسوس مثل نبردهاي داراب با كشورهاي جزاير هند معروف به دريابار مانند عمان يا نبرد ايران و روم يا نبرد روميان و مصريان و ديگر اقليم فراواقعي و نامحسوس مانند نبرد با ديوان و غولان و زنگيان و نبرد با سگساران و گليم­گوشان و.... برخي از جنگ­ها، جنگ­هاي درون­اقليمي و درون­سرزميني است؛ مانند جنگ بهمن و رستم و زال، جنگ هماي و داراب و.... موجودات فراواقعي با دو جنگ­افزار آتش در دهان و فلاخن (پرتاب سنگ) به جنگ با اسكندر و لشكر او مي­آيند. اسكندر جنگ­هاي مختلفي با عناصر واقعي همچون داراب بن داراب و بوراندخت و كيداور هندي و فورشاه و همچنين عناصر غيرواقعي همچون سگساران و غولان و ديوان و زنگيان دارد كه در بعضي از اين جنگ­ها اسير مي­گردد و در غالب جنگ­ها پيروز مي­شود. البته نقش نيروهاي ماورايي همچون سروش غيبي و راهنمايي­هاي حضرت خضر و نيز نقش عواملي همچون رعد و برق و صاعقه پيروزي­هاي او سهم عمده و اساسي دارد.    نتايج پژوهش: شيو? مقابل? دشمن با داراب گاه به شكل تن­به­تن و گاه به شكل گروهي بوده است. البته يك شيو? كلي با عنوان «شيو? فريب» در بعضي از جنگ­ها اعمال مي­شود. شگردهاي (تاكتيك­هاي) مورد استفاده و معمول هم? پهلوانان ازجمله داراب و بوراندخت در داراب­نامه شگرد واكنش سريع، استفاده از فنون رزمي و آمادگي جسماني، رفتن در لاك تدافعي، استفاده از اصل غافلگيري و دور زدن دشمن و همچنين شبيخون زدن شبانه و ناگهاني بوده است. جنگ­هاي غيرمسلحان? داراب با دست خالي و جنگ­هاي مسلحان? او اگر از راه دور بوده با پرتاب نيزه و تير و اگر از راه نزديك بوده با شمشير و گرز صورت گرفته است. كليدواژه­ها: جنگ، جنگ­افزار، داراب، داراب­نامه، طرسوسي، داراب، اسكندر   
  36. A Comparative Study of the Components of Immigration Literature in Return and Amricana Novels.
    SHABNAM AMIRI 2023
       Abstract Migration literature is considered a branch of contemporary and modern literature that is connected with various social, cultural, political and economic issues and actually represents an up-to-date issue in society, therefore, this type and branch of literature has specific content and components. It is unique, and this has caused its content and thematic difference with the literature of the homeland, these components include: cultural differences and losses, nostalgia, identity crisis, racial discrimination, fear and anxiety, etc. The works created in the field of immigration literature take advantage of the life experiences of the immigrant in the two countries of origin and destination, so it can depict the events that happened to the immigrant in both countries in a realistic way. Therefore, the audience of this type of literature was also familiar with new cultures. This is a short definition about the function of migration literature, which is more fully discussed in the text of the research. The main goals that were considered in the focus of this thesis and were carried out are the analysis and review of the two mentioned works to analyze the components of migration literature and also to understand the concept, motivation and effects of migration on the identity, spirit and life of the immigrant. Consequences of the colonial and post-colonial worlds. Regarding the content of this thesis, it should be added that all the content has been written based on the same goals. During this analysis and investigations, similar and main components were extracted from the text of both works, and during that time, the differences and similarities of each was also informed. The first part of the main chapter of this research (fourth chapter) was also devoted to the subject of colonialism, its theory, and the types of colonialism, and from this point of view, the relationship aspect of two works with this important theory was also determined. During the comparative review of two novels, it was found that in addition to many similarities, they also have differences with each other, which, in addition to being noted in the analytical texts, were also noted in the conclusion section. At the end of these studies and analyses, it was found that the narrative method and the outline of the story that both authors used to create their works have similarities, both of these famous authors, although they are from two different nationalities, but in the case of immigration , its issues and challenges have almost the same point of view, they have acted identically in the identification of the main character in their novels, in addition to all these cases, most of the components chosen to nurture and give foliage to each The two novels were not without similarities, but naturally, they had differences in the amount of content and in some details, which were discussed in detail in the main text of the research. Finally, at the end of these comparative reviews It can be added that immigration literary works can be a good guide for people who decide to emigrate and familiarize them with the challenges and issues they face in this way in advance, as well as the analyzes related to the identity part of this research. It can also be a help to know the type of personality and identity of real immigrants in the society, because immigrant literary works are usually i  ired by the tangible experiences of immigration, which are created by writers who are immigrants or
  37. Semantic and Aesthetic Function of Adoration in Hafiz's Ghazals.
    Fatemeh Parandoosh 2023
  38. The comparative Analysis of the Components of Resistane Literature in Farooq Jwaida and Mahmoud Shahrokhi’s poems
    Raziye Ranjbar 2023
       Abstract Literature is a reflection of life with all the fine and big cultural, social, political and even economic realities, and sustainable literature is actually a part of literature that seeks to explore the connection of literary texts with the social, political and cultural context of society, a context that It has caused the growth of poets and writers; Because the researcher in the field of sustainable literature can analyze many political, social, cultural and economic events and realities by exploring the literary texts. Farouk Jawaidah and Mahmoud Shahrokhi are contemporary Arab and Persian poets whose poems can be analyzed from the perspective of sustainable literature. The current research is based on the American school of comparative literature, which is not limited to influence, to examine and compare the expressions of stability and resistance in the poems of these two. Anti-tyranny, patriotism, stability and resistance against the enemy, praise of martyrs are the most significant expressions of stability in the poetry of these two poets. Key words: comparative literature, resistance literature, Farouq Jawaideh, Mahmoud Shahrokhi.
  39. Traslation of Book: Arvaa Ma Qila Min ALadeiya (The Most Amazing Thing that has been Said about Prayer)
    Zahra Ghanbari 2023
    دعا يكي از مقوله‌هاي   بسيار شيرين و جذابي است كه همواره در حيات بشريت مقامي والا و مقدس را به خود اختصاص داده است. به طور كل دعا نوعي پيوند ماورائي است كه با جذب انرژي از عوامل عالم بالا و بازنمود آن در اوامر عالم سفلي، مطالبات و انتظارات خاصي را پاسخ داده است. آنچه در بُنِ اين پديده‌ي انساني نهفته است، آثار ترتبيتي سازنده‌ي آن است كه در صورت برآورده شدن يا نشدن، قابل انكار نخواهد بود. اميل ناصيف يكي از نويسندگان مشهور فلسطيني است كه در كتاب «أروع ما قيل من الأدعية»، با جهت دادن به نوع نگاه انسان، چراغ اميد بشريت را روشن ساخته و وجه ديگري از عبادت را ترسيم كرده است تا فراتر از ارتباطات روش‌مند و محدود به مكان و زمان ازقبيل حج، نماز وغيره، با نداي دل و فارغ از همه‌ي هستي انسان را همنشين دائمي خداوند گرداند. مقوله‌ي مورد توجه در اين پژوهش، علاوه بر ترجمه‌ي كتاب مذكور، تحليلي از انواع ادعيه‌ي مكتوب و مورد نظر نويسنده و نيز تأثيرات آن در زندگي بشر است. كليدواژه‌ها : ادبيات ديني، دعا، اميل ناصيف، أروع ما قيل من الأدعية  
  40. Comparative analysis of the stories of "New Story Collection, from the Legend" and "Spanish Tales and Legends" based philosophy program for children
    Neda Nasoori 2023
    AbstractInsert abstract here. Research Aim: Primary purposes of research, and the research motivation or the reasons why you decided to do this study. Research method:   Describe approaches, methods or techniques whose explains are crucial to understanding the study. Findings: Findings should be written in a concise and comprehensive manner. This includes experimental and theoretical findings, relations and correlations, observed impacts, etc. Conclusion:   ased on the results of your study, this section should explain the contributions and implications of the research. It may also include suggestions for further studies, evaluations, applications, new relations, and approved & rejected hypothesis.    Keywords:Insert your research keywords here.
  41. Translation of the book "Teaching the Arabic Language to Non-Native Speakers" by Ahmed Madkour and Iman Ahmed Haridi: Chapter: Fourth to Sixth
    Amer Rezaeyan 2023
      Learning the Arabic language is always given attention, but unfortunately most of the time the learning process is accompanied by problems and sometimes this education does not bring acceptable results. So that the learning method and process of a person whose goal is religious issues is much different from a person who is considering tourism and pilgrimage issues, and also a teacher who is in charge of the education process must use useful and practical methods so that the process The training should be enjoyable and useful as soon as possible. In the book "Teaching the Arabic Language for non-native speakers" it has been tried to address such issues and by presenting experiences and teaching methods and methods of teaching Arabic language in
  42. The Love of the Homeland and its Reflection on the Poetry of Al- Waeli
    2023
    أن من الاسباب التي استوجبت أختيار هذا الموضوع بالبحث والتحليل المفصل هو بروز ظاهرة الحنين الى الأوطان في الشعر العربي على وجهه العموم وعلى مر العصور ،وكذلك في الشعر العراقي بشكل خاص .   حيث لاحظنا وبشكل ملفت للنظر أن هذه الظاهرة بارزة في معظم أشعار الشيخ الوائلي ، وقد عالج الشيخ الوائلي هذه الظاهرة بصورة موضوعية تستحق الدراسة والتحليل . ومن خلال الدراسة المستفيضة للموضوع وجدنا بأن الشيخ الوائلي (رحمه الله) ، هو أديب من طراز خاص تمكن وبجدارة من أبراز العاطفة الأنسانية المتاصلة في النفس البشرية من خلال نظمه لأجمل وأروع الاشعار التي تغنت بحب الوطن . كما تم التطرق في هذه الرسالة الى أهم الاسباب التي دفعت بالشاعر الى النظم في هذا النوع من الشعر ، حيث وجدنا أسباباً عديدة منها سياسية واجتماعية و ثقافية . بالاضافة الى ما تم التطرق اليه اعلاه فأن أهمية هذه الدراسة تكمن في ماستضيفة هذه الدراسة من أشياء جديدة من خلال التطرق الى مواضيع تتعلق بعاطفة الانسان ومشاعره ، ومنها مشاعر الحنين بمختلف مجالاته مثل الحنين الى الوطن والحنين الى الأهل والأصدقاء والحنين الى المحبوب وكذلك الحنين الى الذكريات الماضية . كل ذلك تم من خلال توصيف هذه المشاعر باستخدام بواعث هذا النوع من الحنين مثل : البرق ، والنسيم ، والحمام ، والدموع ، والنخيل وغيرها من الأدوات الاخرى . وفي نهاية هذا البحث أستنتجنا بأن الشيخ الوائلي يمتلك حساً أدبياً مرهفاً وذوقاً بلاغياً رصيناً ، نراه واضحا من خلال نتاجه الادبي واشعارة ، كما أتصف آسلوب الوائلي في معالجته لغرض حب الوطن والحنين اليه بالقوة والرصانة ، فقد أستخدام الالفاظ المباشرة للحب والحنين والغربة ، ومما زاد في رصانة قصائدة هو كثرة أستعماله للالفاظ الموحية بالحب والحنين . كما تميزت الصورة الشعرية التي جسدها الوائلي في شعر الحب والحنين الى الوطن بالقوة ، حيث شملت الصورة البيانية نواحي بلاغية رائعة تمثلت بقوة في التشبيه والاستعارة والكناية . كما أبدع الشيخ الوائلي في رسم الصورة الحسية لمعاناته في الغربة ، حيث ساعدت في وصف عواطفه الجياشة التي حملها في صدره ، مما يوحى للسامع بما يشعر به الشاعر من الحب والحنين الصادق النابع من عواطف الشاعر الصادقة .   
  43. Family in Arabic Proverbs
    Parasto Abdolahi 2022
       The folklore literature of any society reveals many cultural realities, social beliefs and the institutionalized mentality of that society. Proverbs are a part of oral literature that can be used to understand the rules and norms of a community. In addition, the family, as the first and smallest community, has a special structure and system, part of which is reflected in proverbs. Arabic proverbs are not excluded in this regard and originate from their way of life and have an inseparable connection with people. The present article aims to investigate the systemic approaches of the family in Arabic proverbs with a descriptive-analytical approach and to show the mentality and culture of the Arab people towards the family based on the Arabic proverbs. The result of the research shows that despite the existence of few proverbs that have a positive approach to women's gender, the prevailing mentality among Arab people expresses false sexual beliefs about women. This part of Arabic folklore literature is gendered and most of the proverbs that are related to women It is showing humiliation, gender discrimination and underestimating women. In this view, lack of intelligence, passivity, stooping, weakness, and unfaithfulness are the main characteristics of women, and in contrast, qualities such as strength, secrecy, courage, wisdom, and combativeness are the indicators of men, and women do not benefit from them. In addition, few proverbs have placed women in a positive position. The spirit of neighborliness, attention to the son, hospitality and so on. . . Another approach to the family system is in Arabic proverbs. Keywords: family, folklore, Arabic proverb..
  44. Structural and Content Characteristics of the Mamluk Rea of Poetry and Poetry
    Kolsoum Bazvand 2022
  45. Comparative study of social and moral themes in Aesha Timur and Parvin Etesami
    Lila Kosari 2022
      «عائشه تيمور» و «پروين اعتصامي»، از جمله شاعران معاصر ادبيات عربي و فارسي هستندكه اشعار آنها بازتابي از آرمان‌هاي فردي و اجتماعي است و شعر اجتماعي اين دو بيشتر بر تشريح اوضاع و احوال محيطي، فرهنگي و اجتماعي مبتني است. يافته هاي اصلي اين پژوهش حاكي از اين است كه تجربه شعري،آشنايي با حكمت و مضامين اخلاقي و بهره گيري از آموزه هاي ديني در شعر اين دو شاعر بسيار گسترده است و اين را ميتوان نقطه ي اشتراك شعر اين دو شاعر به شمار آورد. عائشه و پروين مسائل اجتماعي و فرهنگي عصر خويش را با دقت و ظرافت خاصي در شعرشان منعكس كرده‌اند اما نوع نگرش اين دو شاعر به مسائل اجتماعي داراي تفاوت‌هايي عميق است. پروين نسبت به شاعر مشهور مصري از فضاي اجتماعي و فرهنگي عصرش براي بيان مقاصد تعليمي بيشتر متأثر بوده است. استفاده از مضامين عميق اجتماعي –سياسي در شعر عائشه تيمور نسبت به پروين اعتصامي كم رنگتر جلوه مي كند و اين شاعر مصري براي انعكاس اين مسائل از شيوه هاي خاصي بهره مي گيرد كه با شيوه هاي بيان پروين متفاوت است .پروين به طور مستقيم و روشن مفاهيم و مشكلات اجتماعي را نقل مي‌كند اما عائشه به صورت مبهم و سربسته سخن مي‌گويد. در اين نوشتار اعتقاد بر اين است كه اگرچه در برخي موارد، ميان شعر «عائشه» و «پروين» تشابهاتي وجود دارد، اما اين تشابهات از باب تجربه ي شعري و توارد خاطر بوده و ريشه ي برخي از اين مضامين اخلاقي و اجتماعي، در فرهنگ و جامعه ي اسلامي نيز وجود دارد. مضامين اجتماعي كه هريك از آنها در شعرشان منعكس كرده اند نتيجه ي محيط و شرايط خاصي بوده كه اين دو شاعر در آن مي زيسته اند. اين پژوهش بر آن است تا بر اساس چار چوب هاي ادبيات تطبيقي مكتب آمريكايي مضامين اجتماعي و اخلاقي برجسته را در اشعار اين دو شاعر بيان كند و   به بررسي و تحليل جنبه هاي مشترك و متفاوت   اين مضامين   در شعر «عائشه تيمور» و «پروين اعتصامي» بپردازد تا مخاطبان از ويژگي هاي مضامين اجتماعي و اخلاقي شعر اين دو شاعر شناخت كافي پيدا كنند و زمينه­اي براي دانشجويان جهت پرداختن به موضوعات جديد در حيطه­ي ادبيات تطبيقي ايجاد كند.   واژگان كليدي: ادبيّات تطبيقي، شعر معاصر، مضامين اخلاقي و اجتماعي، عائشه تيمور، پروين اعتصامي.  
  46. Analysis of Social Issues in Two Collection of Stories: The Smell of Bread and Shout
    Parvin Almasi 2022
    هدف: جامعه‌شناسي ادبيّات شاخه‌اي نو از مطالعاتِ ميان‌رشته‌اي است كه در آن به بررسي پيوندِ جامعه با ادبيات مي‌پردازند. ما در اين پژوهش در پي دستيابي به اين هدف هستيم كه تاريخِ نانوشت? مردمِ كرمانشاه را از خِلالِ داستان‌هاي جعفر كازروني در چند ده? گذشته بررسي كنيم و از اين راه تصويري عيني از مسائل اجتماعي اين شهر به دست دهيم. روش‌شناسي پژوهش: بررسي لايه‌هاي پنهان يا مغفول يك جامعه با كمكِ متون ادبي روشي است كه امروزه در مطالعات جامعه‌شناختي جايگاه ويژه‌اي دارد. بر همين اساس، ما نيز در اين پژوهش، نخست، آثار جعفر كازروني را بررسي كرديم و از بين اين آثار متنوع و فراوانِ او دو مجموع? «بوي نان» و «هوار» را برگزيديم كه بيشترين پيوند را با تود? مردم داشت و در واقع مي‌توان آنها را روايتِ زندگي تود? مردم كرمانشاه در دهه‌هاي گذشته دانست. سپس با مطالعه و فيش‌برداري از اين دو اثر ارجاعاتِ اين دو مجموعه را به مسائل اجتماعي گردآوري كرديم و آنها را در دسته‌هايي چند قرار داديم تا به جامعه‌شناسي از راهِ ادبيّات بپردازيم. يافته‌ها: آسيب‌هاي اجتماعي گوناگوني مانند كودكانِ كار، سرقت، بزهكاري نوجوانان، زنان بي‌سرپرست، ترك تحصيل در سنينِ پايين، بيكاري، كودكانِ تك‌والد، مهاجرت روستانشينانِ فقير به شهر، حاشيه‌نشيني و زاغه‌نشيني از جمل? مهم‌ترين مسائلي هستند كه در دو اثر مورد بررسي ما بازتاب يافته است و بررسي و تحليل آنها دركي عميق‌تر و عيني از مسائل اجتماعي كرمانشاه در دهه‌هاي گذشته به دست مي‌دهد. نتيجه‌گيري: جعفر كازروني نويسنده‌اي رئاليست است كه از كنارِ مسائل اجتماعي بي‌اعتنا نگذشته است و آنها را در آثار خود بازتاب داده است. از همين‌روي، آثار اين نويسنده به مثاب? آينه‌اي است كه مي‌توان تاريخ تود? مردم را در آن ديد و با شناختِ كاستي‌هاي اجتماعي در پي درمانِ مسائلِ اجتماعي برآمد. همچنين بر اساسِ اين پژوهش مي‌توان فهميد در شهر كرمانشاه از بينِ مسائلِ مختلفِ اجتماعي آنچه بيش از ديگر امور به مردم اين شهر آسيب زده است، فقر و مسائل مرتبط با آن است. كليدواژه‌ها: جامعه‌شناسي، اجتماعيات، داستانِ فارسي، جعفر كازروني، بوي نان، هوار.   
  47. Examining the image of women in the stories of Ebrahim Younesi
    Amrolah Korani 2022
  48. A Translate of "Profit from Jurisprudencial and Econimic Perspectives" by Muhammad Omar Al-Haji
    Mojtaba Khadem amiri 2022
  49. An Analysis of Evident and Hidden Seven Labors in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
    Poorya Shahmohammadi 2021
  50. A study of Gothic themes and their impact on two Novels sane olzalam and negahban.
    Saeedeh Vahabi 2021
  51. Reflection of the constituent elements of folklore in the stories of Ibrahim Younesi
    Omid Yosefpour 2021
  52. Translaition and reserch of the book Aslemant Al ma arefa (Humanities and its methods from an Islamc point of view)(page 3 to 135)
    Fahimeh Mammoosa 2021
  53. A Description of Grammatical Structure of Amir Arsalan,s Namdar
    Maryam Lak 2021
  54. Translationand Reaserch of the book” Aslemat manahij al- ulum al- madrasiah: Tasawwur muqtarah by Hamdi abo al- fotouh atifah.
    Soria Khosravi 2021
  55. Reflection of folklore in Shirko Bikas's poetry) Case Study;Goorestany Cherkan, Darbandy Pahpulah and Paeeza mivan)
    Halsho Moha 2021
  56. The Study of Resistance Components in Saif Afriqi by Mohammad Dib
    Hadis Yazdanbakhsh 2021
  57. Translation and analysis of bookEL Dirasat Fi El Nafs El Insaania (190)
    Zahra Vaisani 2020
  58. Translation and research of the book Aslemat Al Maaref (Humanities and its methods from an islamic point of wieo) (from pages 136 to 268)
    Zhila Karami 2020
  59. the comparative study on themes between post of amal donghol and farrokhi yazdi
    Nasrin Haghighi 2020
  60. Analytical history of literature of kermanshah based on afsharyeh and zandyeh period
    Bahram Arfaei 2020
  61. The Comparative study of Fadavi Touqan and Fatemeh Rakeie’s Sonnets.
    Mahin Shifteh 2020
  62. Studying the Exotic words in the 21th to 25th parts of the Holy Quran Based on Ibn Sallam and Ibn Hasnoon Books.
    Fatemeh Sohrabi 2020
  63. Translation of the Material Reason Approving the Existence of Allah by Mohammad Motevalli Al- Sharaawe.
    Ali Hatemian keramabadi 2020
  64. Translation "Al-SisaQa al-Islamiyah Li EALM ALijtema’ al-Dawaei and Al-Imakan" by Mansour zoveid Al mutayri.
    Aazam Bayat 2020
  65. The interpretation of difficult terms in the 16th to 20th parts of the Holy Quran.
    Marzih Akbari 2020
  66. A Comparative Study of Themes in Praise of Imam Ali in Persian and Arabic Poetry in the 11th Century
    Foroozan Khani 2020
  67. The Study of the Components of Native Culture in LariKermanshahi's Works.
    Mahnoosh Sepehri 2020
  68. Translated and analysis of "New Psychology of the Qur'an"
    Aziz Ghadery 2020
  69. The Translation of the"Quran is living being" by mostafa mahmoud
    Mazhar Hassani 2020
  70. The Analysis of the Application of proverb in Abdol-vahab-Al-Bayati”s Poetry.
    Zahra Bagherabadi 2020
  71. The Content and Structure Analysis Of Prophetic Transmissions In Ibn janan Al andolosi Poetry.
    Raziye Kord 2019
  72. Content Analysis of poems Sostenibilidad Farooq shoosheh
    Fatemah Darestani 2019
  73. Translation and Study of the "Sowar min Samahet_al_Eslam" (Aspects of Tolerance in Islam) by Abdolaziz Abdulrahman Al Rabia
    Majid Fatehi 2019
  74. A comparative Study of the Intelligence of the Universe from the Point of View of Rumi and Ibn Arabi
    Rasul Dehdar 2019
  75. The Comparative Study of Mystical Thoughts of molana and ghonavi on the Perfect Man Relying on masnavi and fokok
    Maryam Hosseini zargooshe 2019
  76. 0 The comparative study of Alsoman va al kharif novels by Najib mahfouz and Dr noun who love his waif more than mossadegh nouel by sharam rahimian.
    Bahman Mohammadi 2019
  77. A Comparative study on the Errantry motives in Samak Ayyar and Robin Hood novels
    Mitra Hassanabadi 2019
  78. The comparative assassment of Alavi eulogy consepts in Persian and Arabian Poets ( Case study: permanent poets from five and six century ).
    Aliasgar Khodadadi 2019
  79. The analysis of narrative semiotics of ten novels by Paulo Coelho based on Gerard Genette's theory
    Mojtaba Amirzadeh fard 2019
  80. Social Image in (Mehman mahtab) and (Aaras Ameneh) in contrast.
    Setare Hasany 2019
  81. The Translation and Research of The Book:Art of Story Telling in The Holy Quran by: Mohammad Ahmad Khalafollah
    Kobra Rahmati 2019
  82. A comparative study on the mystical subjects in the poems of Hafez and the first part of Telmesani poems
    Zahra Pornasiri 2019
  83. The comparative study of the elements of the story in »al-'Alam naqisan wahid «of maysalun hadi and »Qanimat« of sadeq karamyar
    Taherh Fallahi 2019
  84. A study of Social Issues in Writings of Fariba Vafi
    Saba Baba Moradi Keneshti 2018
  85. Analyzing Persian Moarrab Terminology In Al-kafi And Man La-Yahduruhu Al-Faqih
    Hadis Montzeryani 2018
  86. Comparative Study of the Impact of Crusade Wars on the Arabic and Persian’s poetry (5th – 8thcentryury)
    Katayoon Asadi tabar 2018
  87. Analysis of interdisciplinary studies in Iranian literature and movies based on verbal and nonverbal communication(Case study: Films of witch, Groove 143 and cow)
    Rasul Ramezani 2018
  88. Structure and Content Analysis of Ashoura Poetry (Studying Sixth Volume of Adab Altaf)
    Fatemeh Boenini 2018
  89. Reflecting Unjust and Ignorant Human in Mersad-al- Ebad, Masnavi-e- Manavi and Golshan-e-Raz
    Zahra Rostmi 2018
  90. structure and content analysis of Ashoura poetry (studying 7th volume of Adab Altaf: late 13th century).
    Vahedeh Beit naser 2018
  91. Translation and Analysis of (Resistance Literature: from optimism to Defeat)
    Fatemeh Mohammadi 2018
  92. Criticism of the illuminating Al-Qeraat of the distortion in the Imamate
    MOHAMMED JABER ALWAN 2018
  93. A Study Of Existential Components In Mostafa Mastour’s Works Emphasizing: “ Man Gonjeshk Nistam” And “ Res?le Darb?re- ye- N?der F?r?bi”
    Zahra Savaedi 2018
  94. Semiotics Of Resistance Poetry in Ibrahim Nasrallah Poetry
    Sara Karami 2018
  95. Resistance Concepts and Issues in Shiar-e-143 Payi-Ke jamand
    Seyf alah Ahon bar 2017
  96. A Thematic and Structural Analysis of Husseini Elegies in the Age of Mamalik (A Case of the Fourth Volume of Adab-o-Taf)
    Kobra Azizi 2017
  97. analysis of story elements of the nabou aah fer oun written by maysalun hadi
    Maryam Beiranvand 2017
  98. Interpretation of Strange Words in the First Fifteen Parts of Quran According to Alloghat fi Alquran by Ibn Hasnoon
    Tahere sadat Masoumy 2017
  99. Descriptive- Analytic Study of Reynold Allen Nicholsons Style of Literature History Writing.
    Parisa Amiri 2017
  100. The study of Role of myth in tales of Guran Derived from Soorabadi's interpretation
    Monir Khodayarimotlagh 2017
      Myth includes fantasy and legendary stories about the sacred and religious beliefs of the primitive societies. Beliefs about the human relationship with the natural and real world events. Myths exist among the people of each land and nation and their subject are extraordinary events including the deeds of Gods and superhuman forces. The time of mythical is not the historical time but the time of the trans sanctification that is repeated from the beginning to the eternity.The interpretation of myths and the explanation of the function and the use of myths in the study of religious texts is important and necessary. The commentators of the Quran, in the interpretation of the Quranic stories, myths and legends Israeli elements were involved. Book stories drawn from the interpretation of the Surabadi Holy Quran are among those books that many mythologies are reflected from. So identifying and explaining how reflection, transformation and rendition icons myths in the book of Surabadi s Quranic stories determine the dir=ltr>The method of the resaerch according to the content, analysis tool of the library resources of the research and study materials has been taking notes and conclusion sources The results and findings of this study show that among the seven categories of function of mythology in the stories of Surabadis Quran mythology function descriptions, verification and valuation, treatment, recovery, i  iration and discover and reveal are seen more than the other cases. Also Surabadi, using mythology and Israeli in the creation of the stories and the stories of the Quran diversity gives charm to persuade the readers to follow the story.  Keywords: function of myth, the myth of the role, The interpretation of Surabadi ,Surabadis Quranic stories , the Israelites, myth
  101. A Critical Analysis of Mutanabbi and Saddi’s Book by Hossein Ali Mahfooz
    Rozita Mashayekhi Pour 2017
  102. A Study of the Representation of Society in War Novels (with Emphasis on Three Novel Soraya in Coma ,Burned Earth and Headless Dates)
    Zolehka Ahmadpoorberanvand 2016
      Abstract    the literature Traditionally Situation represent the community and social, cultural, political, ... every nation has. And changes of the nation, always reflected in literary works. Hence, To learn about the status of each community In particular periodic, Literary works can be visited on the same period. One of the great transformations of our century Iran, War with Iraq. The impact Affected frequency of the On Community building especially in conflict areas. And eight years Be involved Country Own. So one of the most widespread issues To which it is addressed In the contemporary era, is Sacred Defense literature or war. Since the new generation does not have much Relationship The war and its consequences, On the other hand More tangible the face of society In fiction And prose. in this research We decided by using Library resources And virtual And descriptive analytical method by investigation Three realist novel Of works related to Early years imposed war Each Written With a different point of view To the war, checking face of Conflict society And its consequences And drawing. Novel "The Headless Palm Trees" with draw Consequences and negative aspects of war, overflowing From hope to win and the spirit of martyrdom. In addition face of Conflict-torn city drawing front. Scorched earth novel Written story Neutral from war, Of course Outweigh Misty its negative aspects and despair The positive aspects   And author More from the Front Is considered City and ordinary people.too "Soraya in coma" novel it shows the Intellectual community The din of war going to Abroad. And the other drawing Portrait of society is destruction. Actually, Seen Negative view of the author And fully in scenery are described. And writer Has tried By putting together these three novels, Report To the audience A view of the various aspects of the war-torn society. However More than two decades after the end of the War. But dealing with it can In addition to the vigilance, to be followed sufficient readiness To face each plot and tension.    Keywords: Sacred Defense literature, society appearance, "The Headless Palm Trees", "Scorched earth", "Soraya in coma"   

Update: 2026-11-11

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