The food industry, as a strategic sector of Iran's economy, plays a crucial role in creating sustainable employment, ensuring food security, and promoting regional development. However, in many less-developed areas, including Kermanshah province, attracting investors in this sector faces structural and institutional challenges. Identifying the factors influencing investment attraction can therefore facilitate economic growth and reduce regional inequalities. This study aims to identify and prioritize methods for attracting investors in small food businesses in Kermanshah. The research is applied in nature and follows a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach. The population included local experts, managers, and specialists active in the province's industrial towns and zones. A purposeful snowball sampling method was used, and finally, 14 experts participated in a fuzzy Delphi process. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires and analyzed using content analysis,    23, and Excel 2013. The findings indicate that attracting investors in less-developed food industry areas depends on four main dimensions: economic, political, governmental, and organizational. Among these, the economic dimension carries the greatest weight, with key indicators including improved production infrastructure, targeted financial support, and workforce skill development. The results can serve as a basis for developing investment attraction policies, improving infrastructure, and enhancing government-private sector interaction in Kermanshah province. Additionally, these findings provide a model for other less-developed regions of the country to guide sustainable regional development and investment strategies.   

In the era of digital transformation, smart governance has emerged as a modern paradigm in public management and policymaking — a paradigm that, by leveraging emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things, blockchain, and cloud computing, enables the design and implementation of data?driven, tra  arent, accountable, and participatory decision?making systems. This study aims to define the key indicators and dimensions of smart governance — including tra  arency, accountability, effectiveness, justice, sustainability, and citizen participation — and to analyze practical models such as e?government, the participatory model, the data?driven model, and smart urban governance. Furthermore, the study examines applications of smart governance in critical areas such as healthcare, education, security, environment, energy, diplomacy, and urban management. Through a comparative analysis of the experiences of leading countries — including the United States, China, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom — the research explores the opportunities, challenges, and requirements for implementing smart governance in Iran and proposes policy and technical solutions for its realization. The findings of this study can provide both theoretical and practical foundations for improving the quality of governance and enhancing sustainable development indicators in the country.   

The purpose of this research is to identify and rank the effective factors in sustainable production in the conditions of economic recession and sanctions in Iran Khodro Company. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part is 18 academic experts, experts of the Ministry of Safety and experts of Iran Khodro Company. The statistical population of this study is, in a quantitative part, all the employees of Iran Khodro Company in the country. To select the sample, 375 employees of Iran Khodro Company were selected as a sample using stratified random sampling method and using Cochran's formula. This research is practical based on the purpose. From the point of view of how to collect information, it is of mixed exploratory and qualitative-quantitative research. The data collection tool in the qualitative section is an interview. In the current research, semi-structured interviews were used to identify and rank the effective factors in sustainable production in Iran Khodro company under sanctions and economic recession. The qualitative part of this research was done using the Delphi technique. Data analysis was done in the quantitative part of structural equations. All the key points of the interviews were extracted and coded, and after their review and analysis, similar codes were assigned to specific concepts, and finally 40 indicators in the form of 4 variables (economic and social, environmental, technological, and managerial) as effective factors in Sustainable production in the conditions of sanctions and economic recession was identified in Iran Khodro Company and the managerial factor has the most influence and also the economic and social factor has the least influence in sustainable production in the conditions of sanctions and economic recession (the study of Iran Khodro Company).  

  This research has investigated and implemented a combined model of fuzzy logic and decision tree to diagnose heart disease using medical data of 920 patients (UCI database). After reviewing and preparing the data, the information of 304 patients were selected as complete data, and their quantification and normalization process was performed with the Min-Max method. The local database of the deputy scene hospital was also used to complete the model. The decision tree model was extracted with an accuracy of 78.30% and the area under the ROC chart equal to 0.798, but the classification error was reported as 22.36%. According to the decision tree, the fuzzy inference system was implemented with 9 inputs and 12 fuzzy rules. Then, the combined decision tree-fuzzy inference system model was implemented with 70 hospital data and evaluated with 35 new data. The results showed that the model was able to achieve an overall accuracy of 91.43% in data classification. The sensitivity of the model was 89.47% and 93.75% for the diagnosis of healthy people and heart patients, respectively. Comparison with other methods showed that the proposed model has a higher accuracy between 1 and 12% than the support vector machine, artificial neural network and k-nearest neighbor methods. The results of this research showed that the use of local data tailored to the specific characteristics of each region can improve the accuracy of machine learning models in medical applications. The combined decision tree-fuzzy model with high accuracy and simplicity in implementation was introduced as an effective tool for diagnosing heart diseases.

   The current research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the challenges of developing electronic businesses in the context of domestic social networks. The research is practical in terms of purpose and has used the mixed research method. The community in the qualitative and quantitative part of the research includes managers and practitioners of electronic businesses active in Iranian social networks, which were conducted using the snowball sampling method in the qualitative part of 18 in-depth semi-structured interviews. And in the quantitative section, 50 samples of experts in this field with the most expertise were selected. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was verified by experts in the qualitative section by selecting a suitable sample and reviewing the participants, and in the quantitative section, the questionnaire was confirmed by experts, and the reliability was also measured and confirmed through Cronbach's alpha (0.71%). In the qualitative section, the codes were checked and extracted using the content analysis method. The findings indicate the extraction of 7 main categories and 20 sub-categories. The main categories are; Challenges related to users are infrastructural and technical, laws, Iranian social networks, management, human and economic weakness. is The findings of the qualitative part were prioritized with the help of the Friedman test method, and according to the analysis, based on the results obtained from the Friedman ranking test of 79 factors under investigation, the factors; Absence of regulatory laws with a rating (09/64), causing disturbance to the contacts of social networks with a rating (13/63), lack of public acceptance of these networks with a rating (06/62), poor technical infrastructure with a rating (62/05), the audience's lack of security trust in domestic social networks with a rating (61/87), the multitude of rated social networks (61/31) and the low knowledge of experts in the field of social networks with a rating (67/60) were introduced as having the highest priority according to the respondents and the factors; The difficulty of user entering Iranian networks with a rating (17/49), the lack of familiarity of activists with these networks with a rating (12/25), information theft with a rating (25/27), the challenge of being more expensive and unstable Iranian server with a rating (25/29), failure to update these networks on time with a rating (25/33); Inaccuracy in choosing the media with a rating of (25/41) and weakness in the consequences of mistakes in networks with a rating of (25/78) had the lowest priority according to the respondents.

  Abstract Culture can be considered one of the most important factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in universities. Most of the entrepreneurial culture in today's societies is influenced by the institutionalization of the culture of science in the society. Entrepreneurial universities can facilitate the achievement of the third mission of the university, namely economic development, through the spread of entrepreneurial culture in universities. The aim of the current research is to provide a model for culture in an entrepreneurial university. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of qualitative approach, and it was carried out by using the foundational data theory method (Strauss and Corbin). According to the purpose of the research, the studied community of experts in the field of culture and entrepreneurship in Razi University were considered. 15 people were selected from among this community according to indicators such as experience, expertise, desire, ability and availability through purposeful and theoretical sampling. Based on this, professors from the management, entrepreneurship, economics, sociology and university executives, including the growth center and the industry and society liaison office, were interviewed. The views of the participants, which were organized through the interview protocol, were collected and analyzed. The analysis of data in this section was done using the classical fundamental theory method (Strauss and Corbin) during a regular process and at the same time continuous comparison of data in three stages of open, central and selective coding, formulation and design of the theory. . The main components of the Grenand Theory method in this research briefly include: Causal factors that are expressed with sub-categories (scientific, managerial, systemic and entrepreneurial orientation); Contextual factors that are expressed with sub-categories (personal, social, relational and knowledge); The intervention factors that were expressed with the sub-categories (facilitation, implementation, support, belief and education); the strategic factors that were expressed with the sub-categories (legal, content and interaction); And finally, the results of the actions taken, which include financial, developmental and occupational categories. The general proposal of the research: The structure and university system should be revised in the layers and levels that lead to changes in management and education methods and practices. In order to achieve this goal, the university, as the scientific and economic driving force of the society, should incorporate the entrepreneurial culture and use it as an emphasized norm.

  Like many economic sectors of the country, startups in general and internet startups in Iran face many challenges and problems in the way of formation and development. In line with these challenges, the current research seeks to identify and prioritize the factors that harm the formation and development of internet startups in Iran. Identifying the dimensions of harmful factors on the development of Internet startups, identifying harmful components in each dimension, identifying harmful indicators in each component, and finally prioritizing the most important harmful factors on the development of Internet startups are the goals of this research. . The research methodology is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of qualitative data nature (content analysis and Delphi) and in terms of data collection method, it is a descriptive research. In order to collect data, first by reviewing the theoretical foundations and background of previous researches using the content analysis method, the obstacles to the development of Internet startups in Iran were identified and through the Delphi method, the obstacles were confirmed and prioritized. The statistical population in the content analysis method included all reviewed articles and researches in the field of Internet startups, and the texts that were most related to the research subject were selected. The statistical population in the Delphi method included 21 executive experts who were active in the field of Internet startups and academic experts in the field of technology and entrepreneurship who were selected by purposive sampling and then snowball until saturation was reached. The findings of the research show that in the content analysis method, 60 indicators were extracted to examine the obstacles to the development of internet startups in Iran and they entered the Delphi stage. In two Delphi rounds, 16 indicators were added to the indicators by experts. And out of a total of 76 indicators, only 3 indicators were not approved by the experts. The proposed model of this research includes 8 dimensions, 40 components and 73 indicators.

   The family, in terms of quantity and quality, can be the main concern of the thinker and seeker and nurture the spirit of the idea of ??the people in it. While the algorithm is efficient and searchable in the field of work and production in the society, the positive actions of the non-performers motivate the child towards the direction and direction of the activity so that the mind can be integrated and fruitful. Such individual availability of non-economic resources is considered to be of value in capturing new airspace. The role of parents in caring for their parents in the world is how to embody social values ??for their children, shaping their future personal lives and paving the way for a healthy economy. Therefore, the atmosphere within the family, especially the parental guidelines, gives this possibility to the children to pass on the habits and beliefs of the past to the other members of the family, to reconcile the new way of doing business and self-regulation. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of parents' research on the purpose of entrepreneurship (active study of entrepreneurs in Kermanshah tourism). The Entrepreneurial Society of Kermanshah is active in tourism. The sampling method is randomly simple and is used to determine the sample size of the Cochrane formula which has a sample volume of 330 mm. The library's research tools are standardized research libraries and testimonials that are credited with the Alfie Kronbach method 770/0. In this research, we have examined the effect of parents' observation on the purpose of entrepreneurial rotation (active study of entrepreneurial rotation in Kermanshah). Analysis and analysis. The results of this study indicate that various factors affect parents' intentional entrepreneurial activity (active study of entrepreneurial activities in Kermanshah). The family, in terms of quantity and quality, can be the main concern of the thinker and seeker and nurture the spirit of the idea of ??the people in it. While the algorithm is efficient and searchable in the field of work and production in the society, the positive actions of the non-performers motivate the child towards the direction and direction of the activity so that the mind can be integrated and fruitful. Such individual availability of non-economic resources is considered to be of value in capturing new airspace. The role of parents in caring for their parents in the world is how to embody social values ??for their children, shaping their future personal lives and paving the way for a healthy economy. Therefore, the atmosphere within the family, especially the parental guidelines, gives this possibility to the children to pass on the habits and beliefs of the past to the other members of the family, to reconcile the new way of doing business and self-regulation. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of parents' research on the purpose of entrepreneurship (active study of entrepreneurs in Kermanshah tourism). The Entrepreneurial Society of Kermanshah is active in tourism. The sampling method is randomly simple and is used to determine the sample size of the Cochrane formula which has a sample volume of 330 mm. The library's research tools are standardized research libraries and testimonials that are credited with the Alfie Kronbach method 770/0. In this research, we have examined the effect of parents' observation on the purpose of entrepreneurial rotation (active study of entrepreneurial rotation in Kermanshah). Analysis and analysis. The results of this study indicate that various factors affect parents' intentional entrepreneurial activity (active study of entrepreneurial activities in Kermanshah). Keywords: Entrepreneurial Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Parents

  The world registration of Oramanat region as the 26th world heritage of Iran in the UNESCO organization has doubled the importance of this region from the west of the country. Considering the many capacities of Oramanat region to attract tourists and the proper use of the world registration points to make this area known as a tourism pole at the international level, the aim of the present research is to find effective factors in branding the tourist destination of Oramanat in the form of a model. is. The review and study of related texts and research indicates that several factors are involved in the branding of a tourist destination and it ultimately brings significant benefits for tourist destinations, although due to the specific characteristics of a destination, branding it has certain difficulties. has its own In terms of the type of objective, this study is considered to be an applied research, which was carried out by a mixed exploratory method and during two qualitative and quantitative stages. In the qualitative part, interviews were conducted with 15 experts in the field of tourism, which included university professors, officials and activists in this field, first in a targeted manner and then in a snowball way, to identify the effective factors in international tourism branding in Oramanat region, and finally, with the analysis method The qualitative content of these factors were categorized into concepts and categories. In the quantitative part, the same sample people present in the qualitative part of the questionnaire were given pairwise comparisons in order to prioritize the obtained factors, and finally, hierarchical analysis was done in the Expert choice software environment for data analysis. Based on the findings of the research, 9 main factors were identified for the international tourism branding of Oramanate, respectively, the importance of infrastructure and facilities with a weight of 0.218, the factor of attractions with a weight of 0.179, and the factor of marketing and advertising with a weight of 0.170 received the highest score. have. Administrative, political and legal factors, tourists and agencies, building and stabilizing the brand, social, cultural and economic with weights of 0.108, 0.107, 0.074, 0.073, 0.047 and 0.025 are also in the priorities. are next. Among the limitations of this research, we can mention the non-cooperation of some members of the sample to conduct interviews and complete the pairwise comparison questionnaire, the lack of access to some tourism activists and officials in the region, and the excessively long process of interviews and data collection.

   Background and objectives: With the advancement of digital technology, industries are increasingly utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to reduce human costs and enhance efficiency. In recent years, AI-powered customer services, such as smart robots, voice recognition, and other intelligent technologies, have been widely employed in the customer service industry. Furthermore, due to the significant increase in the number of users, continuous expansion of customer consultations, staff shortages, low work efficiency, repetitive manual errors in business, and other challenges, the importance of AI-powered customer services is growing day by day. Understanding the significance of innovation in services through AI technology is crucial because customer satisfaction is a significant outcome of service innovation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the factors influencing customer satisfaction with AI-powered customer services in online shopping. Research Methodology: This study is applied in terms of objective, descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method, and mixed-methods in terms of data type. The qualitative part of the study involved reviewing 90 articles and extracting dimensions and relevant codes through content analysis. In the quantitative part, a 31-item questionnaire using a 7-point Likert scale was distributed among a statistical population of 55 experts and specialists in the field of artificial intelligence. The questionnaire's validity was assessed using face validity and confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability was evaluated through calculating McDonald's omega (0/703) and Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Additionally, the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was employed using SmartPLS software version 4 to estimate, fit, and evaluate the research model. Findings: The research findings, based on a combination of three dimensions, nine concepts, and 50 codes, revealed that the components include perceived usefulness, user characteristics (optimism, innovativeness, discomfort, and insecurity), and system characteristics (response time, accuracy, and ease of use). The results of this study based on the hypotheses indicated a significant positive relationship between perceived usefulness and customer satisfaction. Additionally, optimism had a positive and significant effect on perceived usefulness, while user discomfort had a negative impact on perceived usefulness. The other components did not have a significant effect on perceived usefulness and customer satisfaction in this study. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that perceived usefulness enhances customer satisfaction with AI-powered online shopping services. Furthermore, user optimism increases perceived usefulness, ultimately leading to higher customer satisfaction. On the other hand, user discomfort diminishes perceived usefulness, resulting in decreased customer satisfaction with online shopping. Consequently, several recommendations were proposed to enhance customer satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and user optimism, as well as reduce user discomfort. These recommendations include providing training for users, offering practical examples of AI utilization, improving user interfaces, providing feedback to users, promoting a culture of AI service usage through advertisements in public media and social networks, implementing security measures, offering multiple options for interacting with AI systems, conducting surveys, and providing a contact option with operators, among others.

The main goal of the current research was to design a model in line with the development of organizational entrepreneurship with an open innovation approach in the Ilam Gas Refinery. In order to achieve the goal in the present study, a sequential exploratory combined method was used, and the data were collected in two stages. In the qualitative phase, the required data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 30 experts in the form of the Foundation's data approach. In this section, in order to check the validity of the combination of the four-stage framework and the six key questions model, and the within-subject agreement method was used to check the reliability, and finally, the data was collected and using the systematic plan of Strauss and Corbin, the codes and components of the organizational entrepreneurship development model with an innovation approach were used. It was obtained again and compiled in the form of a conceptual data model of the foundation. With the participation of experts in the field of entrepreneurship and innovation management at Razi University of Kermanshah and the senior management staff of Ilam Gas Refinery, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the administrative staff of Ilam Gas Refinery through a random sampling method. In the quantitative phase of the research, using the confirmatory factor analysis method and the use of factor load criteria, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, composite reliability, average variance explained and the significance level of Bartlett's test, the validity of each of the components of the obtained model was examined in the qualitative part. found that the results indicated the validity of all components of the paradigm model. The findings of the research indicate that the causal conditions include the components of aggressive competition, entrepreneurial opportunism, knowledge acquisition, development of innovation resources and reduction of the cost of imitation, strategies also have the components of promoting internal and external partnerships, developing extra-organizational communication networks, improving infrastructures. technological organization, promotion of entrepreneurial behavior indicators in the organization, active cooperation in environmental innovation networks and effective knowledge management in the context of organizational digital literacy components, commitment and participation of human resources, innovative policy making, flexibility of organizational boundaries and risk culture Adaptability and creativity in the part of intervening conditions are also the components of open data culture, governance regulatory status, the level of financial and spiritual support of the government, the ruling view towards fundamental partnerships and the intellectual property exchange process, and finally, in the consequences part, the components of innovation governance in processes organization, improving the learning ability of the organization, effective management of market turbulence, improving the innovative performance of the organization, and maintaining and promoting sustainable factors of competitive advantage. Based on the obtained results, the realization of the development of organizational entrepreneurship with an open innovation approach requires synergy and fundamental partnerships between the key players of the open innovation ecosystem and adjusting or strengthening some of the structural variables that the decision makers of the organization can take into consideration and adopt favorable policies. In order to improve the necessary conditions for the realization of organizational entrepreneurship with an open innovation approach.  

The current study is a survey-analytical study that aims to investigate the relationship between supply chain information management and information system infrastructures with production performance, taking into account the moderating role of supply chain integration. The statistical population of this research is made up of all the people familiar with the process of production, sampling method was also used. The reliability of the questionnaire wasoperation, maintenance and working of all small and medium businesses active in Kermanshah province, whose number is equal to 2928, which according to Cochran's formula, the sample size is equal to 339.71 people. Considering the possibility of some questionnaires being unusable, 350 questionnaires were distributed, of which 340 questionnaires were usable, and simple random confirmed by Cronbach's alpha, and its validity was confirmed by the validity technique of content validity ratio and content validity index. The structural equation modeling technique (SmartPLS software) was used to test the research hypotheses. The research findings showed that supply chain information management has a significant effect on supply chain integrity. Supply chain information management has a significant effect on production performance. The infrastructure of the supply chain information system had a significant impact on the integrity of the supply chain. The effect of supply chain information system infrastructure on production performance was significant. The integration of the supply chain had a significant effect on the production performance of the company. The mediation of supply chain integration between supply chain information management and production performance of the company had a significant effect, and finally, supply chain integration had a significant effect between supply chain information system infrastructure and production performance, which mediates.

  urpose: The present research was conducted with the purpose of presenting the conceptual model of entrepreneurial university with a skill approach in Iraqi students of Razi University. Method: This research is exploratory in terms of its purpose and practical in terms of its use. The implementation method of this research is database. The statistical population of this research included experts, professors in the field of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs. The required data were collected using targeted sampling with the snowball method and semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts. Max Kyuda version 22 software was used for data analysis. . Based on the results of the research, the causal, contextual, intervening factors, main phenomenon and strategies and consequences were identified during three stages of open, central and selective coding using MAXQDA 2022 software. Findings: The findings showed that the obtained categories were categorized under 31 sub-categories and 12 main categories in 6 main categories, which causal factors include; Infrastructural factors and human factors, the central category including organizational factors and structural factors; The strategies mentioned monitoring and implementation and technology. Background conditions have been emphasized on organizational attitudes, beliefs and strategies, and include intervening conditions, legal factors, and political factors. Also, the consequences included financial and social factors. Results: Creating and expanding academic entrepreneurship requires simultaneous attention to all structural, content and contextual aspects. In addition to this, the implementation of the entrepreneurial university model requires the formulation of entrepreneurial policies and perspectives, conducting internal and external studies, the formulation of specific strategic and operational plans for each university, and the continuous implementation and evaluation of these plans.

University graduates are often sent to the job market with the aim of playing a role in the majority of abilities and knowledge. What is taught during education should create changes in people's insight, knowledge and skills so that after education, the needs of the society can be answered. Apart from the quantity of graduates, there must be quality and harmony between what is needed and what is taught; But one of the issues that the education system of many countries of the world is facing is the degree of matching the needs of society with the education of universities and educational centers.   The issue that can be raised is that in many cases, these requirements are not related to the acquired knowledge and skills of the graduates, or the emerging needs due to environmental changes suggest the need to change the existing fields or create new fields. Based on this, changing the title or contents of courses and creating interdisciplinary courses is a solution to overcome these problems. This research is carried out in order to examine the degree of conformity of the real needs of the labor market with the characteristics of management graduates, and it is faced with the problem that to what extent the characteristics of university graduates in the management field are compatible with the market needs? If there is a difference between the market's needs and the output of the universities, what measures should be taken to close this gap? The current research is a type of applied research that has been done with both quantitative and qualitative methods. In the qualitative section, after interviewing 17 experts in educational fields, and open, central and selective coding on the interviews, finally a conceptual model was drawn for the development of additional technical education in the university. Data collection in the qualitative part continued with the snowball method until theoretical saturation was reached. After drawing the conceptual model, structural equation method was used to verify the model with smart pls software. The statistical population in this section included decision makers and influencers in the field of education as well as students and graduates of management fields. The number of samples in this section was 120 people. The results of checking this section with the software also indicate the relative fit of the model with quantitative data. In summary, the findings of this research have shown that the development model of additional technical education is affected by various factors that can be >  

   راه هاي اساسي در راستاي تبديل نظريه هاي تدويني به عمل، ارائه و پيشنهاد راه حل هايي مناسب در هر پژوهش صورت گرفته است. اين كار مي تواند تا حد زيادي دستيابي به موفقيت در آينده را براساس نتايج به دست آمده از پژوهش را تضمين كند. اين مهم نشان مي دهد كه ارائه نتايج علمي و صحيح در قالب پيشنهادهايي مناسب تا چه اندازه در يك پژوهش داراي اهميت است. در واقع نتيجه گيري هايي كه بر اساس تحليل هاي صحيح شكل گرفته باشد، مي تواند شرايط مناسب تحقق موضوع و هدف پژوهش را ايجاد و مهيا كند. در ادامه به هر يك از سؤالات پژوهش با توجه به يافته­ها و نتايج به دست آمده پاسخ داده شده است.

Abstract Today, rural employment (entrepreneurship) in developing countries is one of the main topics of discussion. In fact, rural entrepreneurship is in the role of a strategy in the development, prosperity and growth of human societies and a suitable solution for job creation and income increase in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to identify entrepreneurial opportunities in order to create rural employment in Ravansar city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and has been done in a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) way. In terms of research method, in the qualitative part, the content analysis method was used with a deductive approach and in the quantitative part, a questionnaire was used. The statistical population in this study were experts in the field of entrepreneurship and rural employment in Ravansar, including experts in agricultural jihad, natural resources, labor and cooperation, mining, trade, cultural heritage, city and village council and entrepreneurs. The sampling method in the qualitative section was targeted in the form of snowballs until theoretical saturation was achieved. According to the interview conducted in this section, 12 of these people were saturated. Data analysis was performed using AHP method and Expert Choice software. Due to data collection, a large number of entrepreneurial opportunities were identified and coded and then based on the criteria we extracted from the literature (criteria: job creation capacity, ease of financing, ease of use of opportunity, fit of opportunity with the capabilities of the region). And the capacity to create economic value) We have prioritized, the identified opportunities are: opportunities in agriculture, animal husbandry, tourism and handicrafts, home businesses, small and medium industries. Findings showed that based on the results of comparing the criteria affecting the evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities, job creation capacity (weighing 0.263) has the highest priority. Ease of financing (with a weight of 0.243), ease of taking advantage of the opportunity (with a weight of 0.182), proportionality of the opportunity with the capabilities of the region (with a weight of 0.177) and capacity to create economic value (with a weight of 0.143) ) Were also ranked second to fifth, respectively. Also, based on the set of evaluation criteria, opportunities related to the agricultural sector (weighing 0.212) had the highest priority among entrepreneurial opportunities in rural areas of Ravansar city, and opportunities related to areas of acquisition. .Home work, small and medium industries, animal husbandry, tourism and handicrafts were the next priorities, respectively. The results showed that identifying entrepreneurial opportunities leads to rural employment in Ravansar city. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Opportunity Identification, Rural Employment   

   Addiction is one of the problems in the world today, which as a social harm has had devastating effects on society and the family. The aim of this study was to determine the psychological care model of families with addicted parents. In this study, in terms of data collection, a qualitative method was used and in-depth unstructured interviews were used to examine the experiences of aid workers. The statistical population of this study includes all helper professionals involved in the category of addiction (including counselors, psychologists, social workers and doctors, etc.) in Shiraz in 1400 who were involved in providing services to addicts or their families. The sampling method was purposeful in such a way that by referring to the Welfare Organization and the Psychological System and counseling, a complete list of helper professions related to addiction was provided, and among them 40 people who are known for their efficiency and success in their profession. They were selected for interviews and finally 27 people were interviewed in depth, but no new information was obtained from the last two interviews and the data reached theoretical saturation. After reviewing the data obtained from the research and coding, in three stages, open, pivotal and selective coding, a total of 130 concepts were obtained from the experience of aid workers, which were >   Keywords: Psychological care model, family with addicted parent, addicted parent   

      Abstract This study aims to evaluate the harmful factors on medical tourism in Kermanshah and strategies to improve them as a case study. Therefore, at first, a semi-structured interview was conducted with experts in the field of medical tourism in Kermanshah province in order to formulate the basic principles necessary to identify the harmful factors on medical tourism in Kermanshah. According to the purpose of this research, the present study is in the field of applied research in terms of purpose. On the other hand, considering that in this research, library study methods as well as field methods such as questionnaires have been used, it can be stated that the present research is a descriptive survey research based on its nature and method. Data collection methods in this study were divided into two categories: library and field. Regarding the collection of information related to the literature and research background, library methods were used and to collect information to answer research questions, the field method was used. In this study, interviews and questionnaire tools were used to collect research data. In the present study, because research approaches in operations have been used, therefore, the study population consists of experts and senior experts in the field. In each of the study phases, the group of experts has been determined based on the technique used. In the first phase of the study after screening the sub-criteria by Delphi technique; The network analysis process technique has been used to prioritize the sub-criteria. In the next phase, the internal relations of the criteria are measured with the Demetel technique. After ensuring the reliability and validity of the existing questionnaire as the main tool of data collection, the questionnaire was distributed among experts in the study area and thus the raw data to process, analyze and answer research questions. Brought. The results of these tests are summarized below. The findings of the present study have been used as a sample by distributing a questionnaire among experts in the field. The main purpose of data analysis is to study the phenomena and relationships between the variables of the research subject. After analyzing the collected data, the proposed model of the present study, which is the use of network analysis (ANP) model, was examined. The panel was determined based on a combination of experts with different specialties and a sample of 10 people was used in the interview section and 12 people in the questionnaire section. After determining the most important criteria of the subject under study and determining their internal relations using the Dimtel technique, the priority of each of the identified criteria will be prioritized. Network Analysis Process (ANP) technique was used to prioritize the sub-criteria. In the first step, by interviewing 10 medical tourism experts with open coding method and sorting them, 100 basic indicators were obtained and using the Smith Barin model, the mentioned indicators were divided into two categories: national and hospital. Each of its national and hospital criteria includes 4 sub-criteria and using MAXQDA software, the qualitative part of the research indicators was summarized. After that, using the Delphi technique, the indicators have been screened. If, according to experts, 28 indicators remained out of 100 indicators, one index was added to the indicators in the Delphi stage, and a total of 29 indicators remained. . In the next step, using the confirmatory factor analysis of SMART-PLS software, the construct validity of the initial model was examined and in this part, all indicators remained.

  Considering the