Today, universities as a circle in the conversion chain are ideas to wealth, seeking knowledge and technology. The emergence of the phenomenon of universities incubator has led to the development of knowledge, entrepreneurship and economic progress, and has also had a tremendous impact on strengthening the interactions of government, university and industry. On the other hand, universities are committed to creating dialogue, communication and interactions between students, and universities incubator have the ability to create grounds for social interactions due to their participatory and communication activities; Because the rapid growth of universities and lack of attention to the category of social interactions in students has led to compensatory injuries in psychosocial and students’ desire for attending university. Therefore, the purpose of writing this dissertation is to design a university incubator at the Razi University, with an emphasis on increasing social interactions in students. In this regard, by identifying effective components on social interactions in universities incubator, seeing how to use these patterns in the design of the center to create a good platform for students’ interactions. This dissertation is based on the methodology, based on hybrid approach, which includes correlation strategy, qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. In this thesis, the solidarity strategy of the effect of eleven component design components in the university incubator on social interactions of students who are in the form of resources and written sources through the distribution of Likert spectrum based questionnaire and anatomical questions among university students Razi is going to be. In this section, the importance of components is measured and is based on descriptive statistical analysis. In the next step, qualitative data collected through students’ response to the questions of the questionnaire were examined in accurate and systematic questionnaires. In the process of qualitative content analysis, the original concepts and categories of data are extracted and in the final stage, the effective design components in increasing interaction of students at the universitiy incubator, based on their importance from students’ point of view, are categorized along with design strategies. The results of this thesis indicate that Razi University students have the greatest importance for factors that affect their presence in the environment. Components such as space vitality, the presence of natural elements, equilibrium, space diversity, environmental comfort and facilities and spatial equipment have the most impact on motivation, durability and quality of social interactions. Also, social interactions in students in Razi University are in a variety of spaces, including official and informal spaces, and in open and semi spaces, in which the spaces and dinning spaces, workshops and open spaces of colleges and lush environments have the most repetitions. The study of the proposed spatial characteristics also shows that "the presence of furniture for sitting" and "optimal perspective" is the most important and most effective factor affecting the formation of social interactions from the viewpoint of students. These results emphasize that in the design of interactive academic spaces, including universities incubator, simultaneous attention to spatial equipment, environmental comfort, visual quality, and interactive capabilities, plays a key role in promoting the experience of attendance and social interactions of students.

   چكيده از بدو تولد، خانه نخستين محيط رشد كودك است؛ جايي كه تجربه‌هاي اوليه‌اش شكل مي‌گيرد و با افراد و محيط پيرامون آشنا مي‌شود. خانه به‌عنوان اولين گروه اجتماعي كودك، نقش مهمي در شكل‌گيري شخصيت و رفتارهاي او دارد و كودك از تعامل با اعضاي خانواده، اصول و رفتارهاي اجتماعي را مي‌آموزد. به‌طور معمول، نخستين و عميق‌ترين پيوند كودك در خانه با مادر شكل مي‌گيرد؛ زيرا بيشترين زمان را با او مي‌گذراند. اين ارتباط نقش مهمي در شكل‌گيري شخصيت و رفتارهاي كودك دارد. در سال‌هاي اخير با تغيير سبك ساخت‌وساز، حذف تدريجي حياط و كاهش حضور كودكان در فضاهاي بيروني، زمان بيشتري از روز كودك در خانه مي‌گذرد. در نتيجه، دامنه‌ي ارتباط او با مادر نيز افزايش يافته و اين رابطه تا سنين بالاتر اهميت خود را حفظ مي‌كند. بنابراين، اين شرايط نيازمند فراهم‌كردن شرايط كالبدي مناسب در جهت بهبود تعامل مطلوب ميان مادر و كودك در خانه است. در اين پايان‌نامه تلاش شد عوامل كالبدي مؤثر بر بهبود ارتباط مطلوب ميان مادر و كودك در خانه شناسايي شود. براي محدود كردن حوزه پژوهش، ارتباط مادر و كودك در طول روز و به‌طور خاص زماني بررسي شد كه مادر در آشپزخانه حضور دارد و كودك در فضاي جمعي خانه ــ نه در اتاق شخصي خود ــ قرار مي‌گيرد. منظور از كودك نيز افراد زير ?? سال در نظر گرفته شد. بيان مسئله : مسكن يكي از مهم‌ترين عوامل تأثيرگذار بر سلامت و كيفيت زندگي در جامعه است و تغييرات شهرنشيني و آپارتمان‌نشيني، دسترسي به فضاهاي باز بازي كودكان را محدود كرده است. كودكان به دليل نيازهاي زيستي و رواني خود، به فضاهاي مناسب براي بازي و تعامل نياز دارند و حضور طولاني‌تر در خانه باعث افزايش اهميت ارتباط با اعضاي خانواده به ويژه مادر مي‌شود. رابطه مادر و كودك نقش كليدي در رشد، شخصيت و سلامت روان كودك دارد. اين پايان‌نامه به شناسايي عوامل كالبدي مؤثر بر بهبود ارتباط مادر و كودك در خانه پرداخته و به‌ويژه بر تعامل زماني كه مادر در آشپزخانه و كودك در فضاي جمعي خانه است تمركز دارد. مطالعات ميداني شامل مصاحبه، مشاهده رفتار و ترسيم نقشه منازل نشان مي‌دهد طراحي مناسب فضاها مي‌تواند تجربه‌هاي مثبت و تعامل مؤثر ميان مادر و كودك را افزايش دهد. هدف نهايي پژوهش، ارائه راهكارهاي طراحي داخلي منازل براي بهبود كيفيت زندگي مادر و كودك است. اهداف: هدف اين پايان‌نامه بهره‌گيري از قابليت‌هاي فضاي داخلي خانه براي تقويت تعامل ميان مادر و كودك است. اهداف به دو بخش تقسيم شدند: هدف اصلي، شناسايي و ارائه الگوهاي طراحي داخلي خانه به‌گونه‌اي كه زمينه تعامل مطلوب ميان مادر و كودك و پاسخگويي به نيازهاي هر دو را فراهم كند؛ و هدف فرعي، طراحي الگوهاي فضايي كه ارتباط كلامي، چشمي و تعامل روزمره ميان مادر و كودك را تسهيل كند. در كليت، پژوهش با توجه به نظريه‌هاي موجود به اهميت خانه و نقش مادر در رشد و شكل‌گيري شخصيت كودك مي‌پردازد و عوامل كالبدي مؤثر بر تعامل مادر و كودك را به كار مي‌گيرد. پيشينه: بررسي پيشينه نظري نشان مي‌دهد كه مطالعات متعددي به كيفيت فضاهاي مسكوني، سلامت روان، تعاملات خانوادگي و رشد كودك پرداخته‌اند؛ با اين حال، تمركز مستقيم بر نقش كالبد فضاي داخلي خانه در تعامل مادر و كودك كمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. پژوهش‌ها بر تأثير نور، مقياس، چيدمان، فضاهاي نيمه‌خصوصي و كيفيت محيطي بر روابط انساني و رشد هيجاني كودك تأكيد دارند، اما اين يافته‌ها غالباً به‌صورت پراكنده و غيرمتمركز ارائه شده‌اند. ازاين‌رو، ضرورت انجام پژوهشي كه اين مفاهيم را در قالبي منسجم و با تمركز بر رابطه مادر و كودك در فضاي خانه تحليل كند، احساس مي‌شود. روش: اين پايان‌نامه با رويكرد كيفي و از نوع كاربردي انجام شد. به‌منظور درك عميق تعامل ميان مادر و كودك در فضاي داخلي خانه، از روش تحليل محتواي كيفي استفاده گرديد. داده‌ها به‌صورت ميداني و از طريق مصاحبه‌هاي باز و نيمه‌ساختاريافته، مشاهده‌ي مستقيم رفتار مادر و كودك و ترسيم كروكي فضاهاي داخلي جمع‌آوري شد. جامعه‌ي مورد مطالعه شامل مادران خانه‌دار قشر متوسط شهر كرمانشاه با فرزندان ? تا ?? سال بود كه به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند. پس از پياده‌سازي داده‌ها، فرآيند كدگذاري باز و محوري انجام گرفت و مفاهيم و مقوله‌هاي اصلي استخراج شد. به‌منظور افزايش اعتبار يافته‌ها، از مثلث‌سازي داده‌ها و بازبيني مشاركت‌كنندگان استفاده گرديد.

گسترش ساخت‌وسازهاي آپارتماني در شهركرمانشاه، در بسياري از موارد با شكل‌گيري نماهايي همراه بوده است كه فاقد انسجام بصري، تناسبات مقياسي و ارتباط منطقي ميان اجزاي تشكيل‌دهنده خود هستند. چنين نماهايي، كه اغلب تحت تأثير سليقه‌هاي فردي، الگوهاي تقليدي و رويكردهاي غيرزمينه‌گرا طراحي مي‌شوند، مي‌توانند به بروز آشفتگي بصري، كاهش خوانايي سيماي شهري و تضعيف هويت كالبدي و فرهنگي شهر منجر شوند. از آنجا كه نماي ساختمان‌هاي مسكوني به‌عنوان بخشي از فضاي عمومي شهر، نقش تعيين‌كننده‌اي در كيفيت منظر شهري و تجربه ادراكي شهروندان دارد، توجه به اصول و نظريه‌هاي ساختارمند در طراحي نما امري ضروري به نظر مي‌رسد. پايان نامه حاضر با تأكيد بر اصل سلسله‌مراتب مقياس‌بندي به‌عنوان يكي از پانزده خصلت ساختارهاي زنده در نظريه‌ي كريستوفر الكساندر، در پي پاسخ به اين پرسش است كه چگونه مي‌توان با به‌كارگيري اين اصل، به طراحي نمايي انتظام‌يافته، خوشايند و متناسب با زمينه‌ي بومي در آپارتمان‌هاي مسكوني شهر كرمانشاه دست يافت. اصل سلسله‌مراتب مقياس، به ايجاد ارتباط معنادار ميان مقياس‌هاي مختلف از كلان تا خرد منجر شده و نقش مهمي در شكل‌گيري انسجام و خوانايي بصري بنا ايفا مي‌كند. اين پايان­نامه از نوع كاربردي بوده و با راهبرد همبستگي انجام مي‌شود. گردآوري داده‌ها از طريق مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي، تحليل نظري ديدگاه‌هاي كريستوفر الكساندر و نيكوس آ. سالينگروس، و بررسي تاثير سلسله مراتب مقياس بر مطلوبيت نما صورت مي‌گيرد. اين   پايان­نامه از نظر هدف، كاربردي و از نظر روش، با راهبرد همبستگي انجام شده است. گردآوري داده‌ها در دو بخش نظري و عملي صورت گرفته است. در بخش نظري، با استفاده از مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي، مفاهيم مرتبط با كيفيت بصري نما، مقياس انساني، اصل سلسله‌مراتب مقياس‌بندي، نظريه ساختارهاي زنده كريستوفر الكساندر و نظريه نظم ساختاري نيكوس سالينگروس مورد بررسي و تحليل قرار گرفته است. در بخش عملي، به‌ منظور بررسي تأثير رعايت اصل سلسله‌مراتب مقياس بر مطلوبيت بصري نما، سلسله مراتب مقياس   به‌عنوان متغير مستقل، مطلوبيت   به‌عنوان متغير وابسته، و ويژگي‌هاي فردي كاربران به‌عنوان متغيرهاي مداخله‌گر در نظر گرفته شده‌اند.در همين راستا سه نماي شبيه‌سازي‌شده از يك آپارتمان مسكوني با ارتفاع متوسط طراحي شد كه در آن‌ها ميزان استفاده از سلسله‌مراتب مقياس در اجزاي مختلف نما، از جمله بازشوها، پنجره‌ها، بالكن‌ها، تناسبات كلي و جزئيات معماري، متفاوت بود. جامعه آماري پژوهش پايان نامه شامل شهروندان غيرمتخصص در حوزه معماري و ساخت‌وساز و ساكن محله گلستان شهر كرمانشاه است. نمونه‌گيري به روش در دسترس انجام شد. ابزار گردآوري داده‌ها پرسشنامه‌اي تصويري بود كه در آن پاسخ‌دهندگان پس از ثبت اطلاعات جمعيت‌شناختي، تصاوير نماهاي شبيه‌سازي‌شده را به‌صورت تصادفي مشاهده كردند. سپس از آنان خواسته شد نماها را بر اساس ميزان مطلوبيت بصري اولويت‌بندي كنند؛ به‌گونه‌اي كه نماي داراي بيشترين مطلوبيت در اولويت اول، نماي با مطلوبيت متوسط در اولويت دوم و نماي با كمترين مطلوبيت در اولويت سوم قرار گيرد. علاوه بر اين، پاسخ‌دهندگان دلايل انتخاب نماي مطلوب‌تر را بيان كردند تا عوامل مؤثر بر ترجيحات بصري آنان به‌صورت كيفي تحليل شود. هدف نهايي پايان نامه، ارائه الگويي براي طراحي نماي آپارتمان مسكوني در شهر كرمانشاه است كه با رعايت سلسله‌مراتب مقياس در مقياس‌هاي كلان، مياني و خرد، موجب ارتقاي انسجام، خوانايي، كيفيت بصري و مطلوبيت ادراكي نما شود. در اين چارچوب، قاعده مقياس‌بندي مطرح‌شده توسط سالينگروس ـ كه در بسط و تأييد خصلت‌هاي بنيادين نظريه ساختارهاي زنده كريستوفر الكساندر ارائه شده است ـ به‌عنوان مبناي نظري طراحي نما به‌كار گرفته شده و تلاش شده است تا اين اصل به‌صورت عيني و كاربردي در فرآيند طراحي نهايي نما تحقق يابد.

   Abstract The rapid growth of the elderly population worldwide has reached such proportions that it is often referred to as a “silent revolution.” Architectural and urban spaces play a crucial role in enhancing the individual and social quality of life for older adults. Therefore, special attention must be given to the needs of vulnerable groups who possess full citizenship rights. Throughout life, human beings constantly seek interaction with their surrounding environment. The scope of this interaction extends across three spatial domains: the public (street), the semi-public or intermediary, and the private (home). Today, the intermediary realm—serving as a spatial link between the inside and the outside—has become ambiguous and largely neglected. Yet, this relationship between interior and exterior spaces is particularly significant for older adults who spend most of their daily lives at home. Due to the physical, psychological, and social changes experienced with age, this group requires spatial conditions that enable them to maintain independence while establishing a meaningful connection with the outside world. Such interaction not only affects their functional aspects of daily life but also plays a key role in improving their mental health and sense of belonging to their living environment. The aim of this research is to identify and formulate the physical indicators influencing the design of residential apartments in order to strengthen the desirable relationship between interior and exterior spaces from the perspective of the elderly. In line with this objective, the study seeks to answer the central question: “How can residential apartment design enhance the relationship between interior and exterior spaces from the viewpoint of older adults?” The research employs a qualitative approach based on inductive qualitative content analysis. The target group includes elderly women aged 65 to 75 living in residential apartments in Kermanshah. Data were collected through direct observation and in-depth semi-structured interviews, followed by open coding, thematic categorization, and organization of findings across three spatial scales: macro, meso, and micro. This approach enabled the researcher to gain an in-depth understanding of elderly women’s lived experiences and spatial needs and to extract meaningful patterns related to the interior–exterior relationship. The results indicate that establishing a desirable relationship between the interior and exterior spaces of the home for older women has physical, perceptual, and emotional dimensions. This group, who spend a large part of their time alone at home, seeks to connect with the outside environment to fill the daily void and experience the flow of life. Presence in frequently used indoor spaces, such as the kitchen, adjacency to active streets, quality of open views to natural and urban landscapes, the ability to observe and hear the flow of life, and access to semi-open spaces, makes this experience tangible and enjoyable. At the same time, maintaining privacy and control over visibility ensures their security and tranquility. Data analysis across macro, meso, and micro scales revealed that hierarchical continuity in design is a fundamental condition for establishing an effective connection between interior and exterior spaces. Therefore, the design of residential apartments should be planned from the macro to the micro scale to enable older women to have a safe and meaningful experience of interaction with the external environment.       Keywords: residential apartment, elderly, desirability, house, inside and outside, edge.   

Abstract With population growth and rising land values in urban areas, the construction of residential apartment buildings has significantly increased. These buildings constitute a substantial part of the urban fabric, are considered part of the public domain, and play a fundamental role in shaping the urban landscape. However, the monotony and dullness of residential facades, involvement of unqualified individuals, lack of structured studies, and absence of appropriate architectural design models-particularly in the metropolis of Kermanshah-highlight the need for innovative and scientific approaches to apartment facade design. As a result, the primary purpose of this study is to design a residential apartment building in Kermanshah based on an analysis of how professional Iranian architects approach residential facade design. The secondary objective is to identify the key factors influencing facade design and architectural strategies used by professional architects and to generalize these approaches to various urban facades. In the research phase, 50 selected residential apartment projects from the Memar Award competitions (2002–2023) were examined using qualitative content analysis. This analysis, employing both inductive and deductive approaches, identified and coded facade design strategies and factors influencing their selection. Results showed that professional architects utilize a diverse combination of strategies to create aesthetically pleasing, functional, and sustainable facades. These include creating depth and voids in the facade, employing secondary skins, breaking down and scaling volumes, rotating masses, creating transitional spaces between interior and exterior, and incorporating green architecture. Additionally, seven primary factors influencing the selection of these strategies were identified: project constraints, urban design principles, social components, historical architecture, climate considerations, environmental concerns, and construction methods. These factors play a crucial role in enhancing the visual quality and functionality of facades and contribute to harmonizing buildings with the urban context. In the second part of the thesis, a sample apartment design was developed for a site on 11th Alley, Fahmideh Boulevard, Kermanshah, applying the research findings. This design integrates the identified factors and demonstrates a practical application of professional architects' strategies, offering a replicable model for similar urban residential projects. Findings suggest that combining technical expertise, cultural understanding, creativity, and user-centered design can produce coherent, identity-driven, sustainable facades that align with the urban fabric, providing an effective solution to common facade design challenges in major Iranian cities.   

  This thesis, titled Designing a Green School in Kermanshah City with a Sustainable Ecological Self-Sufficiency Approach and Reducing Carbon Emissions, examines solutions for designing educational spaces with an emphasis on the connection between humans, culture, and the environment. The necessity of conducting this research stems from the increasing need to reduce energy consumption, optimize environmental behaviors, and promote cultural awareness among the new generation. Schools, as one of the most important educational and social spaces, play a fundamental role in shaping environmental attitudes and can become a platform for scientific education of the concepts of sustainability and environmental responsibility. The main goal of this thesis is to present a local model for designing a sustainable school in the Kermanshah region that, while reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, also leads to improving students' cultural and environmental awareness.The design was carried out in two parts: physical and social. In the physical part, the focus was on the use of passive technologies, especially the Trombe wall enhanced with layers of phase-change materials and new materials such as concrete and recycled aluminum. In the social part, relying on the concept of cultural ecology, an attempt was made to design the spaces in a way that would strengthen the students’ sense of belonging, responsibility and environmental awareness. A review of the background of studies shows that sustainability approaches in school design often focus on technical and energy aspects, and the connection between culture, behavior and architecture has received less attention. However, new research shows that combining cultural considerations with energy-saving solutions can have a significant impact on thermal sustainability, quality of life and environmental behaviors.Accordingly, this thesis seeks to answer the question of whether it is possible to achieve an efficient model for self-sufficient schools in terms of energy and environmental culture by combining the principles of cultural ecology and design based on reducing dependence on fossil fuels

   With population growth and rising land values in urban areas, the construction of residential apartment buildings has significantly increased. These buildings constitute a substantial part of the urban fabric, are considered part of the public domain, and play a fundamental role in shaping the urban landscape. However, the monotony and dullness of residential facades, involvement of unqualified individuals, lack of structured studies, and absence of appropriate architectural design models-particularly in the metropolis of Kermanshah-highlight the need for innovative and scientific approaches to apartment facade design. As a result, the primary purpose of this study is to design a residential apartment building in Kermanshah based on an analysis of how professional Iranian architects approach residential facade design. The secondary objective is to identify the key factors influencing facade design and architectural strategies used by professional architects and to generalize these approaches to various urban facades. In the research phase, 50 selected residential apartment projects from the Memar Award competitions (2002–2023) were examined using qualitative content analysis. This analysis, employing both inductive and deductive approaches, identified and coded facade design strategies and factors influencing their selection. Results showed that professional architects utilize a diverse combination of strategies to create aesthetically pleasing, functional, and sustainable facades. These include creating depth and voids in the facade, employing secondary skins, breaking down and scaling volumes, rotating masses, creating transitional spaces between interior and exterior, and incorporating green architecture. Additionally, seven primary factors influencing the selection of these strategies were identified: project constraints, urban design principles, social components, historical architecture, climate considerations, environmental concerns, and construction methods. These factors play a crucial role in enhancing the visual quality and functionality of facades and contribute to harmonizing buildings with the urban context. In the second part of the thesis, a sample apartment design was developed for a site on 11th Alley, Fahmideh Boulevard, Kermanshah, applying the research findings. This design integrates the identified factors and demonstrates a practical application of professional architects' strategies, offering a replicable model for similar urban residential projects. Findings suggest that combining technical expertise, cultural understanding, creativity, and user-centered design can produce coherent, identity-driven, sustainable facades that align with the urban fabric, providing an effective solution to common facade design challenges in major Iranian cities.

   چكيده در جهان امروز، بخش قابل توجهي از ساعات شبانه‌روز انسان‌ها در محيط‌هاي كاري و فضاهاي صنعتي سپري مي‌شود. حضور مداوم در اين فضاها مي‌تواند موجب افزايش خستگي ذهني، استرس و كاهش تمركز كاركنان گردد. از ديرباز، معماران تلاش داشته‌اند با خلق فضاهاي مناسب و بهره‌گيري از ظرفيت‌هاي طبيعت، پاسخگوي نيازهاي انساني باشند. مطالعات نشان داده‌اند كه ادغام عناصر طبيعي با محيط‌هاي كاري مي‌تواند باعث بازيابي توجه، كاهش خستگي ذهني و كنترل استرس شود. هدف اين پايان‌نامه، بررسي اثرات طبيعت مجازي بر كاهش خستگي و استرس كاركنان كارخانه‌ي رايان نيك و ارائه چارچوبي براي طراحي محيط‌هاي كاري انسان‌محور است. اين پژوهش از نوع كاربردي بوده و با هدف حل يك نياز واقعي در محيط صنعتي طراحي شده است. از لحاظ روش‌شناسي، پژوهش حاضر رويكرد تركيبي (آميخته) دارد و شامل هر دو بعد كمي و كيفي است. داده‌هاي كمي از طريق پرسشنامه‌هاي استاندارد براي سنجش شاخص‌هايي نظير ميزان خستگي، رضايت شغلي و ادراك از محيط كار گردآوري شدند. داده‌هاي كيفي نيز از طريق مشاهده مستقيم و مصاحبه نيمه‌ساختاريافته جمع‌آوري شده‌اند تا تجربيات ذهني و رفتاري كاركنان به طور جامع مورد بررسي قرار گيرد. اين رويكرد تركيبي امكان تحليل اثرات طبيعت مجازي از دو منظر عيني و ذهني را فراهم مي‌سازد. مطابق با ساختار مصوب پايان‌نامه‌هاي معماري، پژوهش شامل بخش نظري و عملي (فرايند طراحي) نيز مي‌باشد. تحليل‌هاي زمينه‌اي و ارزيابي شاخص‌هاي طراحي انسان‌محور به پژوهشگر كمك مي‌كند تا راهكارهاي طراحي فضاهاي كاري مبتني بر طبيعت مجازي ارائه شود و تعامل كاركنان با اين محيط‌ها بهينه گردد. نتايج اين تحقيق مي‌تواند به عنوان راهنمايي براي طراحي محيط‌هاي صنعتي انسان‌محور مورد استفاده قرار گيرد و تأثير طبيعت مجازي بر رفاه، انگيزه و عملكرد كاركنان را نشان دهد. اين پژوهش، نقطه‌اي عملي براي بهبود كيفيت زندگي كاري در محيط‌هاي صنعتي ارائه مي‌دهد و زمينه‌اي براي مطالعات آتي در حوزه طراحي محيطي و سلامت رواني كاركنان فراهم مي‌سازد.

  در سال‌هاي اخير، تغيير الگوي زندگي شهري و افزايش تراكم در بافت‌هاي مسكوني، منجر به كاهش حضور فضاهاي باز و نيمه‌باز در آپارتمان‌ها شده است. در حالي‌كه در معماري سنتي ايران، فضاهاي نيمه‌باز همچون ايوان، حياط و رواق، نقشي اساسي در شكل‌دهي به كيفيت زيست، تعاملات اجتماعي و آسايش حرارتي ايفا مي‌كردند، در معماري معاصر اين نقش به‌تدريج كمرنگ شده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي نقش تناسبات، نحوه‌ي دسترسي و همجواري فضاهاي داخلي در ميزان استفاده از فضاي نيمه‌باز در آپارتمان‌هاي مسكوني شهر خرم‌آباد انجام گرفته است.زندگي در ميان ساختمان¬هاي بلند نه تنها نياز به فضاهاي باز و نيمه¬باز را كم نكرده¬است، بلكه به علت كم شدن ارتباط انسان با طبيعت و محيط بيرون، بايد مورد توجه بيشتري قرار¬بگيرد. يكي از راه¬هاي انعطاف¬پذير كردن يك فضا، چند¬عملكردي بودن آن است. هدف از انجام اين پايان¬نامه طراحي آپارتمان مسكوني با تاكيد بر فضاي نيمه¬باز انعطاف¬پذير است، به گونه¬اي كه، استفاده كاربران از آن فضا افزايش يابد. پرسش اصلي مطرح شده اين است كه آيا قرارگيري تراس در جوار دو فضاي آشپزخانه و پذيرايي به صورت همزمان استفاده از آن را افزايش مي دهد؟ چگونه؟ اين تحقيق از نظر هدف، كاربردي و از نظر روش، تركيبي از تحليل محتواي كيفي با رويكرد همبستگي است. در مرحله‌ي نخست، مطالعات نظري و كتابخانه‌اي با هدف شناسايي مباني مفهومي و شاخص‌هاي مؤثر بر طراحي فضاهاي نيمه‌باز انجام شد. سپس در مرحله‌ي دوم، با استفاده از مصاحبه‌هاي هدفمند و پرسشنامه‌ي بسته، داده‌هاي ميداني از ساكنان محله‌ي كوي گلستان شهرستان خرم‌آباد گردآوري گرديد. جامعه‌ي آماري شامل ???? نفر از ساكنان اين محله بود كه بر اساس فرمول كوكران، حجم نمونه ??? نفر تعيين شد. داده‌هاي گردآوري‌شده با روش تحليل محتواي كيفي بررسي، كدگذاري و دسته‌بندي شدند تا عوامل مؤثر در نحوه‌ي استفاده‌ي كاربران از فضاهاي نيمه‌باز شناسايي گردد. يافته‌ها نشان دادند كه سه عامل اصلي شامل تناسبات تراس، نحوه‌ي دسترسي و نوع فضاهاي همجوار بيشترين تأثير را بر ميزان استفاده و رضايت ساكنان از فضاي نيمه‌باز دارند. تحليل پاسخ‌هاي پرسشنامه آشكار ساخت كه دسترسي مستقيم از آشپزخانه و پذيرايي به تراس، موجب افزايش دفعات استفاده، بهبود تهويه طبيعي، تسهيل فعاليت‌هاي روزمره (مانند پخت‌وپز، خشك‌كردن لباس يا دورهمي خانوادگي) و تقويت تعاملات خانوادگي مي‌شود. همچنين شكل تراس‌هاي تركيبي (تركيب مربع و مستطيل) با درصد بالاتري از آرا به‌عنوان تناسب مطلوب فضايي شناخته شد، زيرا امكان تفكيك عملكردي و در عين حال استفاده‌ي چندمنظوره از فضا را فراهم مي‌سازد. نتايج تحليل‌ها بيانگر آن است كه طراحي هوشمندانه‌ي فضاهاي نيمه‌باز، به‌ويژه در مجاورت فضاهاي پركاربردي همچون آشپزخانه و نشيمن، مي‌تواند كاركرد اين فضاها را از حالت تزئيني و غير‌فعال به عنصري پويا و مؤثر در كيفيت زيست آپارتمان تبديل كند. افزون بر آن، اين نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه در بافت شهري خرم‌آباد، كاربران ترجيح مي‌دهند فضاي نيمه‌باز از نوع انعطاف‌پذير و قابل استفاده در تمام فصول سال باشد. داده-هاي حاصل از مطالعات و پژوهش¬هاي ميداني اين پايان¬نامه، پس از تحليل در طراحي آپارتمان مسكوني در شهرستان خرم¬آباد مورد استفاده قرار گرفته¬اند. از منظر كاربردي، يافته‌هاي تحقيق مي‌توانند مبنايي براي طراحي آپارتمان‌هاي مسكوني با فضاهاي نيمه‌باز انعطاف‌پذير در مناطق شهري مشابه فراهم كنند. نتايج اين پژوهش علاوه بر غني‌سازي مباني نظري طراحي فضاهاي نيمه‌باز در معماري معاصر ايران، راهنمايي عملي براي معماران و برنامه‌ريزان شهري محسوب مي‌شود تا بتوانند در قالب طرح‌هاي جديد يا بازآفريني بافت‌هاي موجود، كيفيت زندگي، تعاملات اجتماعي و آسايش محيطي ساكنان را ارتقا دهند. كليدواژه¬ها: طراحي، آپارتمان مسكوني، فضاي نيمه باز، انعطاف¬پذيري، خرم آباد

شدرگ تعنص گ ير هك زا يكي نيرت رثؤم و نيرتروآ دوس اه يراذگ هيامرس لاغتشا داجيا بجوم ،تس و ييازدمآرد ، يگنهرف حطس ءاقترا و داصتقا ي .ددرگ يم روشك يتح و هلحم كي نارگشدرگ ينونك اب اه هزيگنا دننك يم رفس ينوگانوگ ي جت لابند هب و هبر يياه ون يحور يلاعت و يركف شمارآ هب نديسر يارب دنا ينامسج طاشن و . بلغا ه اب نارگشدرگ ثاريم نديد فد يگنهرف و يندنامداي هب هبرجت كي يارب درفب رصحنم دننك يم ترفاسم نارگشدرگ عون نيا يارب باذج دصاقم زا يكي . ، لته كيتوب تسا هك كي ناونعب يلاع ياضف نيب نارگشدرگ دناوت يم ?0 ات ?0 نيرتهب هك ار لاس تيعضو ار يدمآرد نيگنايم ،دنراد بذج ديامن اه لته نيا . رطاخ هب ،يرامعم كبس ،يهد سيورس هوحن لثم دوخ صاخ ياه يگژيو دنريگ يم رارق نارگشدرگ هجوت دروم ...و تيقلاخ و يروآون نتشاد اب ناريا . ياه تيفرظ ثاريم دايز و يگنهرف يخيرات ناوت لته نينچ داجيا ار يياه دراد . زا يشان ياه يناشيرپ و يحطس يرامعم ،يفرط زا د فلتخم ياه كبس ناشن ،دنواهن دننام راگدنام يخيرات و يدبلاك تيوه ياراد ياهرهش ياج ياج ر .دشاب يم يتّنس و نردم يرامعم يگنهامه مدع و يحارط لوصا زا يكي ناونع هب هنيمز هب هجوت مدع هدنهد يحارط رما رد يتايح رايسب لماوع زا هنيمز نتفرگ رظن رد دور يم رامش هب . دعتم ليلاد هب هك ينامز داجيا د دوجوم هنيمز اب ينوگمه رد تسياب يم اهنآ حرط ،دوش مزلا هدوسرف و يخيرات يتفاب رد ون ياه نامتخاس .دنشاب يحارط رد هب تافتلا ساسا رب هنيمز ، ياه صخاش تسياب يم يعامتجا- يدبلاك ،يناسنا يرهاظ و و ياه هفلؤم ار يميلقا ؛داد رارق هجوت دروم ت م هدوسرف تفاب ناوتب ا يلماعت و ينيرفآزاب ار يحارط لح نيا رد .دومن داجيا نينكاس و نارگشدرگ نايم هدنزاس همان ناياپ يا هراپ يروآدرگ ، زا تاعلاطا هويش هب- ي هناخباتك يا تسا هدوب هب . يتروص هنيمز فيرعت هب ادتبا هك سپس و دش هتخادرپ نآ ترورض و ييارگ يدنب ميسقت نايب اب يارب دوجوم ياه هنيمز ،ييارگ ور شيپ حرط اب هك يدنب ميسقت يرتشيب يكيدزن تشاد ، يارب تسا هدش هديزگرب همان ناياپ يحارط . نينچمه رب يدبلاك رصانع رد و تشادرب هنيمز زا زاين بسح .تسا هتفر راك هب يحارط هعلاطم نيا زا يرگيد تمسق زين يناديم تروص هب ماجنا ، يرادربسكع اب و اب يحطس هبحاصم .تفرگ تروص اهرازفا مرن زا هدافتسا و نينكاس نيا فده همان ناياپ هك تسا نآ ريثأت هنيمز يرامعم رد ارگ ينيرفآزاب شزرا تفر تسد زا ياه ي ه دنواهن بارت اقآ جاح هلحم ار يرامعم رد رهش نيا زورما دهد ناشن .دشاب يم لته كيتوب كي يحارط بلاق رد نآ دومن و   

  In urban environments, people's initial encounter with a building is through its facade. Given the importance of the relationship between nature and human life, as well as the spread of apartment living in cities and the problems related to the lack or absence of green space in these houses, the gap in using nature and greenery in apartment houses and this part of architecture is palpable. The facade is not simply the outer shell or wall of the building, but rather an interstitial space that defines the connection between the inside and outside of the building and has a great impact on the formation of people's relationships with existing buildings in the city. Greenery in the facade is a living element that, if mixed with architecture, can affect people's perception of their surroundings as a biophilic feature. The feeling that a person has in the initial encounter with a residential apartment, in the identity of the building as a home and distinguishes the house from other uses, is a topic that has been addressed in this thesis; Therefore, this thesis sought to answer the question of how greenery in the facade affects the audience's perception of the building as a residential building (house). The main goal of this thesis is to design a residential apartment in Kermanshah city with an emphasis on the types of greenery in the facade on the audience's feeling of facing the house. One of the secondary goals of this thesis was to pay attention to nature and greenery, as a living element, in the facade of the house and the audience's understanding of one building being a house and the other being a place and how this greenery is placed on the facade and its effect on the encounter with the house in individuals. In this thesis, the necessity of this issue is raised and addressed, and it is addressed that nature enters the living space of individuals through the residential facade and improves the quality of life of the residents of apartment buildings and citizens, and also the effect of the presence of greenery in the residential facade as the initial encounter of individuals with a residential building on the audience's feeling of facing the house is examined. Most previous research in the field of green facades has addressed the issue of energy and its effects on the environment. In this thesis, an attempt has been made to consider the issue of green facades with a focus on greenery and its impact on human perception in residential and urban environments and to examine people's feelings in the feeling of facing the house. The research strategy in this thesis is relational correlation; in the correlation strategy, the relationship between two variables, namely greenery in the facade as an independent variable and the feeling of facing the house as a dependent variable, has been examined using interview tools and a visual questionnaire. The results obtained from the data analysis, which was carried out with    software, indicate the existence of a significant relationship between greenery in the facade and the feeling of facing the house in people. In response to the research questions, the results show that a high level of greenery in the facade creates a greater sense of home in people. Also, the best way to use greenery on the facade, according to the audience in residential apartments, was horizontal greenery (greenery on terraces, window sills, etc.), greenery in the yard and entrance to the house, vertical greenery (the body and walls of the building), and greenery on the roof edge, in order of priority.

Commercial complexes are considered important urban uses that, in addition to affecting the economic and social development of the city, can also be a unique design that gives the city its identity. Today, cities are faced with problems such as increased urbanization and, as a result, lack of space, traffic, and pollution due to the rapid advancement of technology and communications. Therefore, designers help the city and its users by creating multifunctional spaces in the optimal use of time and space and environmental protection. Creating a commercial and entertainment center creates a powerful urban core that can meet the needs of its users simultaneously. Using the biophilic approach, a reconnection between nature and humans is formed, and its positive psychological effects increase use and attract the audience. In addition to psychological and biological effects on individuals, biophilicity also has positive effects on the urban structure and, in addition to beauty, plays a fundamental role in preserving the environment. The purpose of this thesis is to design a commercial and recreational complex with a biophilic architectural approach, in the form of an urban German in the city of Kermanshah, creating a space not only for business but also for spending leisure and entertainment, where, while using the space appropriately, it is possible to take steps by recognizing the important foundations and principles in design and the stages of achieving effective design and describing and analyzing ecological and aesthetic factors to adapt the characteristics of the environment to architectural needs. In this research, the research method is the analytical-descriptive method and the data collection method is also based on library information, articles, written information, architectural magazines and other studies and methods previously carried out in the field of relevant research. In this research, an attempt has been made to form a place in combination with nature for shopping, recreation and creating joy and rest in order to fill the leisure time of citizens. Using a suitable site, easy access and proximity to nature has created a suitable environment for users to use. The results of this study show that multi-functional complexes can be effective in meeting the needs of space users and increase space utilization and user satisfaction. Using nature, along with easier access, reconnects humans and nature, and has a positive effect on people's morale and meeting their physical and mental needs. Considering the problems of human life today, creating a space for recreation and entertainment, meeting daily needs and shopping in the form of a space is also effective in easier access and increasing use and preventing traffic and air pollution because, in addition to meeting the needs of residents of those areas, it also reduces intracity travel. This green complex is a suitable space for communication and creates different cultural, social and economic experiences. This commercial and recreational complex is an area for the activities of various guilds, a place for interaction, leisure time, and is used by people of all ages, and causes people to be present in the space and enjoy the space and create psychological comfort, collective vitality and dynamism, and social growth of the city.  

includes 2605 training samples and 1321 test samples. The labeling of these data was done with two classes positive and negative bythree annotators using the majority voting method. In this study, five different architectures, namely Bert-fa-zwnj-base, Bert-fa-base-uncased, LSTM, GRU, and Distil-bert, were employed for sentiment analysis, and these models were evaluated with two optimizers, SGD and Adam. The results indicate that the Bert-fa-base-uncased model performed the best on both datasets, achieving an accuracy of 93% on the Twitter dataset and 80% on the Instagram dataset. Furthermore, the Adam optimizer outperformed SGD. This research demonstrates that the use of deep learning-based models, especially Bert-fa-base-uncased, can effectively perform sentiment analysis on Persian texts with high accuracy and efficiency, processing data generated on widely used platforms such as Instagram and Twitter effectively.  

مراكزي كه به نام‌هاي مختلفي چون پارك‌هاي فناوري و مراكز رشد شناخته مي‌شوند، هدفشان ايجاد ارتباط اثربخش ميان دانشگاهيان و فارغ‌التحصيلان در بسترهاي تجاري داخلي و بين‌المللي است. اين مراكز نيازمند فضاهايي هستند كه بتوانند فرهنگ نوآوري، خلاقيت، تعامل و همكاري را تقويت كرده و به نوآوران انگيزه و پشتيباني لازم را ارائه دهند. بحث اين پايان‌نامه حول محور طراحي چنين فضاهايي متمركزشده است. هدف اين پايان‌نامه طراحي يك مجتمع در دانشگاه رازي است كه به‌عنوان نماد فناوري و دانش ظاهر شود. اين مجتمع بايد با در نظر داشتن ويژگي‌هاي خاص سايت، هم‌جواري‌ها و كاربري‌هاي مجاور، فضايي مناسب براي افزايش تعاملات و يادگيري فراهم آورد تا افراد بتوانند نيازهاي خود را از محيط پاسخ گيرند. با توجه به موضوع و اهداف پايان‌نامه، روش پژوهش كيفي انتخاب‌شده است؛ زيرا براي دستيابي به يك محيط مناسب و خلاق كه بتواند عوامل مؤثر بر ارتقاي خلاقيت دانشجويان را شناسايي كند، نياز به انجام تحقيقات كتابخانه‌اي، بررسي پژوهش‌هاي پيشين و مصاحبه با معماران منتخب داريم. بر مبناي يافته‌هاي اين پايان‌نامه، مي‌توان به دسته‌بندي‌هايي در خصوص خلاقيت، محيط خلاق و مجتمع فناوري دست‌يافت. شواهد نشان مي‌دهد عوامل كليدي در طراحي مجتمع فناوري با رويكردي خلاق بايد به‌طورجدي موردتوجه قرار گيرند. طي پژوهش‌هاي انجام‌شده، بر طراحي با زواياي ?? درجه، چگونگي حجم‌بندي ساختمان، سادگي فضا و تحرك آزاد مخاطب، تركيب فضاي سبز با ساختمان، الهام از عناصر طبيعي و ايجاد فضاهاي باز و نيمه‌باز براي فراهم‌سازي چشم‌انداز تأكيد شده است. همچنين به طراحي داخلي پلان و نحوه تقسيم‌بندي فضايي نيز توجه خاصي شده است. عوامل ديگري نظير مكان‌يابي مناسب، تنوع فضايي، نحوه چيدمان و مبلمان، منظره‌هاي زيبا و طبيعي، نورپردازي دروني، انعطاف‌پذيري فضا و امكان تبادل‌نظر و ارتباط بنا با طبيعت نيز مطرح‌شده‌اند. پژوهش‌ها همچنين بر اهميت فضاهاي باز و نيمه‌باز، تعريف حياط‌ها و ارتباطات ميان آن‌ها، تسهيل گفتگو و تعامل اجتماعي اثر گذاشته‌اند كه درنهايت بر استفاده از طبيعت نيز تأكيددارند.   

   الگوهاي نوين تحصيلي و فعاليت‌هاي گروهي دانشجويي از مسائل مهم در حوزه آموزش دانشگاهي هستند. در سال‌هاي اخير سازگار نمودن محيط‌هاي يادگيري با نيازهاي گوناگون يادگيرندگان موردتوجه متخصصين آموزش قرار گرفته است. امروزه بسياري از فضاهاي آموزشي به ساختمان‌هاي بسته محدود شده‌اند و از پتانسيل فضاهاي باز كمتر بهره‌برداري مي‌شود. يكي از مسائل مهم در طراحي فضاهاي آموزشي، فراهم‌كردن زمينه‌هاي رشد خلاقيت و سرزندگي در فضاهاي باز جمعي است. فضاهاي باز دانشگاهي بخشي جدايي‌ناپذير از محيط‌هاي آموزشي هستند و نقشي اساسي در برآوردن نيازهاي اجتماعي و فردي دانشجويان دارند؛ اين امر به پيشبرد اهداف دانشگاه‌ها كمك مي­كنند. ازاين‌رو سؤال اصلي پايان­نامه اين است كه چگونه مي‌توان الگوهاي پاسخ­ده معماري ساير فضاهاي باز دانشگاهي مطلوب را در بازطراحي فضاهاي باز دانشكده هنر و معماري دانشگاه رازي به كاربرد؟ هدف از نگارش اين پايان­نامه باز طراحي فضاهاي باز دانشكده هنر و معماري دانشگاه رازي است به‌نحوي‌كه باعث ترغيب حضور كاربران در اين فضاها شوند. در اين راستا با شناسايي مؤلفه‌هاي مؤثر بر شكل‌گيري فضاهاي باز دانشگاهي اجتماع‌پذير و بررسي الگوهاي معماري به‌كاررفته در عرصه‌هاي باز مطلوب دانشگاهي، به دنبال پي‌بردن به چگونگي استفاده از اين الگوها در بازطراحي فضاهاي باز اين دانشكده بوده تا با عدم پرداخت هزينه­هاي هنگفت در همان محيط دانشگاهي، بستر هدفمندتري در اختيار دانشجويان قرار گيرد. در اين پايان‌نامه از راهبرد همبستگي استفاده شده است. براين­اساس باتوجه‌به فرضيه شكل­گرفته در ابتدا، الگوهاي فضايي موجود در يكي از فضاهاي باز دانشكده هنر و معماري دانشگاه رازي با فضاي باز محوطه ورودي دانشكده فني و مهندسي همان دانشگاه (به‌عنوان يك فضاي باز اجتماع­پذير) مقايسه شده است. داده‌ها از طريق مشاهده مستقيم و مصاحبه‌هاي عميق با دانشجويان كه از اين فضاها استفاده مي‌كنند، گردآوري شده و همچنين، تصاوير و نقشه‌هاي آن­ها به‌منظور تحليل دقيق‌تر و مستندكردن مشاهدات تهيه گرديده است. پس از گردآوري داده‌ها، تحليل محتواي كيفي انجام گرديده تا مؤلفه‌هاي مؤثر در شكل‌گيري فضاهاي اجتماع‌پذير شناسايي شوند. اين مؤلفه‌ها بر اساس يافته‌هاي پژوهش در قالب پنج مقوله اصلي دسته‌بندي شده­اند. در نهايت، بر اساس نتايج به‌دست‌آمده و الگوهاي شناسايي‌شده از كليه منابع اين پايان­نامه، مؤلفه‌هاي مؤثر در شكل‌گيري فضاهاي اجتماع‌پذير شناسايي و بازطراحي فضاي باز دانشكده هنر و معماري دانشگاه رازي صورت مي‌پذيرد. نتايج اين پايان­نامه حاكي از اهميت وجود لايه­بندي فضايي، اشراف كاربران به ساير فضاها و فعاليت­ها، تأمين آسايش حرارتي، وجود فضاهايي براي توفق و نشستن و وجود فضاهاي خدماتي بر اجتماع‌پذيري دانشجويان در فضاهاي باز دانشكده هنر و معماري دانشگاه رازي است. دانشجويان هم­چنين از عواملي همچون عدم وجود فضاهاي خدماتي، فقدان فضاهاي سبز منسجم، كمبود مبلمان و سكوها و عدم سايه­اندازي مناسب به‌عنوان نقاط ضعف فضاهاي باز دانشكده هنر و معماري كه باعث كاهش حضورپذيري افراد در اين فضاها گرديده، نام بردند.

  The construction industry is one of the most important industries in driving the economic cycle of countries. The significance of this industry is especially notable in developing countries where there is a greater need for new infrastructure development. On the other hand, the use of modern building methods and advanced technologies to improve quality, reduce time and costs, and increase productivity has always been a focus for stakeholders in this field. One of the most important mechanisms that have emerged in recent years is "Building Information Modeling/Management," or BIM for short, which specifically focuses on improving the construction industry in its initial stages. Building Information Modeling (BIM) reduces common engineering errors by creating a consolidated information structure through digital tools and providing a unified view of all information and managerial and engineering decisions. This process is currently being researched and used by leading companies, research groups, and governments worldwide. Implementing this process in our country requires relevant methods, guidelines, and infrastructure. Unfortunately, like in other countries, there are challenges to overcome. This thesis aims to facilitate the implementation of the Building Information Modeling (BIM) process by creating an EIR (Employer’s Information Requirements) worksheet as the first step in implementing the BIM protocol. It seeks to provide a clear understanding of BIM and its practical applications to senior managers and decision-makers. By reviewing library resources and designing a case study aligned with BIM process capabilities and compiling information, this thesis results in a proposed "Employer's Information Requirements" worksheet and provides solutions for completing such worksheets in accordance with higher-level documents.

   Terfenol-D is a magnetostrictive alloy that falls under the category of smart materials, composed of terbium, iron, and dysprosium. This alloy is used in actuators, sensors, and other applications due to its unique properties, such as high saturation strain, high Curie temperature, and significant functional coefficients. Like any other ferromagnetic material, Terfenol-D exhibits magnetic losses, including hysteresis, eddy currents, and excess losses, which need to be accurately calculated under various operating conditions to predict the output of actuators and sensors. When Terfenol-D is subjected to an external magnetic field and undergoes magnetization cycles, hysteresis loss occurs due to the movement and rotation of microscopic magnetic domains, eddy current loss occurs due to the generation of a magnetic field opposing the excitation field, and excess loss occurs due to lattice defects and non-uniform magnetic domains. In this thesis, research was conducted to predict magnetic losses accurately and logically, and due to reasons such as simplifying mathematical calculations and eliminating errors resulting from lengthy and complex methods used in other models, the hyperbolic tangent model was used to calculate the aforementioned losses. To this end, the model's coefficients and parameters were extracted using previous experimental results, and then the model was developed to enable the calculation of various losses. Finally, new relationships were presented to predict the model's coefficients and parameters at new frequencies. The new relationships and model used at new frequencies of 100 Hz and 300 Hz, which had not been used before, were validated, and the results were compared with those obtained from the experimental model.The results obtained in this thesis show that the use of the hyperbolic tangent model and the presented relationships can predict the magnetic power loss in terfenel-D with high accuracy in the frequency range (0 to 300 Hz).

شناسايي، ارزيابي و اولويت دهي به تزيينات مطلوب در يك فضاي معماري مي تواند موجب بهبود كيفيت بصري و به تبع ارتقاي كيفي فضاي معماري گردد. تزيينات به عنوان يكي از مهم ترين مولفه هاي كيفيت بصري نقش مهمي در شكل‌گيري بار ادراكي ساكنان و تجربه آنان از فضاي معماري دارد و مي تواند موجب شكل گيري احساس رضايت از فضاي سكونت گردد. هدف پايان نامه حاضر، طراحي آپارتمان مسكوني با توجه به ميزان مطلوبيت تزيينات نزد ساكنان مي باشد. به همين منظور چندين مصداق از خانه هاي سنتي و ارزشمند كرمانشاه بر مبناي وجود تزيينات متنوع كالبدي انتخاب شده و به جمع آوري داده ها در دو بخش يافته هاي توصيفي شامل منابع اسنادي و‌كتابخانه اي و يافته هاي استنباطي به صورت تهيه و توزيع پرسشنامه‌ تصويري و محقق ساخت، پرداخته شد. پس از تجزيه و تحليل يافته ها به صورت توصيفي و استباطي مشخص شد تزييناتي كه ماهيت ايجاد ريتم، تاكيد و تناسب را در خود دارند احساس رضايت بيشتري در مخاطب ايجاد مي كنند. در نتيجه شش مورد از تزيينات‌‎كه به ترتيب اوليت شامل: تزيينات آجري تكرار شونده، شاخص نمودن بخش مياني، خطوط عمودي و تقسيمات فرد، ستون و سر‌ستون، طاق و طاق نما و تزيينات چوبي مي باشد؛ بيشترين مطلوبيت را نزد جامعه آماري كسب نموده اند. و در نهايت اين تزيينات در طراحي يك واحد آپارتمان مسكوني متوسط پنج طبقه   در شهر كرمانشاه بكار گرفته شد. كليد واژه: تزيينات، طراحي آپارتمان مسكوني، رضايت مندي، كيفيت فضايي، كرمانشاه  

   In recent decades, the use of ancient sites for tourism has become a key pillar of cultural tourism, where visitors can discover and experience the past in an authentic environment, as part of the historical past. Archaeological parks should be designed in such a way that using modern technologies and social media, historical works can be presented experimentally. Historical parks are important because they connect the audience with the past, they are attractive to people. The purpose of the current research is the archeological park and its effect on the development of tourism in Ganj Dera Neolithic area, therefore, the current research seeks to answer the following questions: 1. The capabilities of Ganj Dera hill in order to create What is an archaeological park? 2. What effect does the creation of an archaeological park in Tepe Ganj Dere have on the development of tourism in the region? 3. What are the effects of creating an archaeological park in the protection and further introduction of Tepe Ganj Dere? The current research is by collecting materials in a library and descriptive form. Also, in order to better understand the creation of an archaeological park using 3D design, a general plan of the Ganjdera area has been exhibited, in which, in addition to The area of ??other activities such as accommodation space, coffee shop, playground for children, museum, etc. has been displayed. Ganj Dera ancient site dating from 8200 to 7600 BC is one of the first human settlements where goats were domesticated for the first time and evidences related to the construction of clay vessels and adobe houses were found. This indicates the favorable geographical conditions of this region during the Neolithic period. For this purpose, the creation of an archaeological park that has adequate amenities and security will cause many domestic and foreign tourists to travel to this area every year, and this will increase the tourism industry in the province and create employment. It preserves and protects the area and prevents its destruction. Key words: Archeology Park, Ganj Dere, tourism, Neolithic period.

Abstract Due to population growth and the industrialization of today's societies, the global demand for energy is continuously increasing. Fossil fuel sources, including crude oil, coal, and natural gas, are among the most important sources of energy in Iran. In this regard, the extraction of natural resources and the excessive consumption of fossil fuels not only lead to the depletion of these natural gifts, but also cause irreparable impacts to the environment such as the destruction of the ozone layer, air pollution, and global warming. do In such a way that human environmental effects have caused the earth to warm by 2 degrees Fahrenheit as a result of the heating related to carbon dioxide caused by the burning of fossil fuels and natural gases. Since the industry sector has a significant contribution to the country's final energy consumption, reducing energy consumption in this sector is an effective step towards optimizing energy consumption and reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution, because the world Today, it is facing an energy crisis and very dangerous environmental challenges. Therefore, this thesis aims to design a building model for industrial poultry farms in Hersin city so that it can reduce the amount of energy consumption in these units by using appropriate solutions. In this regard, by using a field research field, receiving information in the form of a library, reading books, theses, and receiving scientific and research articles via the internet, it has been compiled and studied. Therefore, using the obtained information, an industrial unit with the use of meat poultry has been designed and simulated by computer and DesignBuilder software. Based on this, by applying energy consumption optimization solutions and the results obtained from it, the energy consumption compared to the simulated building has been investigated and compared, so that the optimized building has been able to The rate of electricity consumption and the rate of gas consumption have been reduced. Keywords: energy, poultry farming, environmental pollution, industrial architecture  

The sense of belonging to a place originates from the identity of the place, and the identity of the place is effective on the quality of human connection with the place. Every person, every work, every place has an identity; An architectural work can be an example of a collective identity. At the urban scale, recreating the identity of the place in the neighborhoods increases the vitality, the sense of belonging and attachment of the residents to the environment, because the place; Constructor is a part of people's identity, the person's dependence on the place causes the emergence of deep relationships between the person and the place. The identity of a place is called an idea and a view of a place that refers to the meaning and importance of places for its residents. Today, the industrialization of societies leads to the emergence of consequences such as distancing and lack of dependence on the environment, and ultimately the problem of identity crisis for the residents. In the past, neighborhood centers strengthened residents' sense of belonging and dependence on the environment; This change in the physical structure of the environment has led to the decline of people's relationship with the environment. In recent years, due to weak infrastructures, lack of attention to social norms and values, constructions that are inconsistent with the context, disregarding the behavioral pattern of the residents, not considering the connection between the identity and the meaning of the neighborhood, the historical neighborhood of Faizabad has put this fabric on the path of stagnation and neglect .Based on this, it is intended to develop a leading research with the aim of creating a neighborhood center with an emphasis on the characteristics of place identity in the aforementioned context. This dissertation will investigate the spatial identity indicators in the center of the neighborhood and the influencing factors with descriptive-analytical survey method. Keywords: neighborhood center design, spatial identity, Kermanshah, Faizabad neighborhood.      

   Abstract In order to promote culture and knowledge, tourism, recognition and expansion of international relations, and the introduction of the ego of a society at the global level, as well as repairing or eliminating the gap between nations, we conduct research in relation to their culture. In this definition, culture is a selection of manners, customs, beliefs and behaviors that have occurred consistently on the part of a nation, and the majority of that society has secrets about their implementation and acceptance and directly accepted it. Since humanity is the only species that is based on the institutionalized and created system of thought throughout history, it is the main factor in the formation of any society, whether at the level of small colonies of the Stone Age or modern civilized people based on a series of ideas and beliefs. It has been common that it is called cultureIn this research, the researcher examines the concept of the sense of vitality and the factors that influence its creation, and after examining these issues, he tries to create a sense of vitality, dynamism, and a sense of place belonging in each and every space and use of the House of Culture and Art. For this purpose, the researcher should prevent the monotony and repetitiveness of the spaces and realize this importance with the help of diversity in architectural design, culture and color. Finally, with the help of these things, he can create a suitable platform for the dissemination of culture and art. And most importantly, by designing the house of culture and art with the approach that was mentioned, a deep connection between architecture and culture can be established so that both arts excel in their place. Also, to realize the chosen approach, surely the house of culture and art is infinite. They will be effective. Therefore, the main and final goal of this research is to design the house of culture and art with the approach of creating a sense of vitality in its audience..

Cities, as the most complex and comprehensive forms of human habitation, vividly reflect their prominent social, economic, historical, and resident conditions. They have always been influenced by various factors, including physical, economic, social, and cultural elements, evolving over time into cohesive entities. With the increasing urbanization and rapid changes in city structures, the urban landscape has become a significant challenge in design, management, and planning of public spaces. Urban spaces, especially squares and streets, serve as arenas for the free presence of individuals and their dynamic interactions. Improving the quality of the street facade can enhance the quality of these spaces and, consequently, improve the quality of life for citizens and shape their mental image of the city. Currently, continuous urban expansion and unchecked construction have subjected the physical identity of cities to sudden and unforeseen changes. On the other hand, individualism, self-centeredness, and the absence of coordinating rules in architecture have created irregularities and incongruities in the city's appearance. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify principles and rules that can open the way for enhancing the quality of the urban street facade, making building facades an integral part of creating an attractive urban space. Madrese Street, one of the oldest streets in the historical fabric of Kermanshah, possesses valuable structures. Over time, it has lost its visually appealing characteristics and fallen into an unfavorable state. Additionally, many of its buildings have been constructed without regard to urban design standards and require reevaluation. Lack of identity, inconsistency, and visual disturbance, on one hand, and the lack of coordination between facade regulations in cultural heritage and municipal regulations, inconsistency between approved plans and implementation plans, and the imposition of personal and non-specialized tastes for financial purposes, on the other hand, are problems that have led to the loss of the city's visual charm. A regular and beautiful skyline is one of the most influential factors in organizing urban spaces. Therefore, the need for further studies in examining solutions to enhance the quality of the cityscape in urban design, introducing patterns and design solutions towards its realization in the studied axis, is emphasized. The aim of this thesis is to present a design pattern based on tangible and mental criteria of urban street facades to enhance the quality of the cityscape in the studied axis. Consequently, the formulation of components and indicators of high-quality urban facades at the desired level is a priority. Moreover, this research combines quantitative and qualitative methods, and based on the obtained results, it proposes a successful facade design pattern aligned with the values of the area under study. Thus, this research plays a crucial role in restoring the visual appeal of the cityscape and improving the quality of urban spaces.  

      The buildings located in the historical contexts of the city are impressive in terms of architectural features. The historical context of Isfahan is also a valuable area for design. Joibare is one of the historical neighborhoods of Isfahan city, with many landmark buildings. In some parts of this historical context, the presence of undefined space has weakened the continuity of its construction. One of the ways to define this visual integration in urban design and architecture is the construction of new buildings or intermediate buildings on existing land. Intermediate buildings are the result of the endogenous urban development attitude, the purpose of their construction is to create a solution for the problems arising from the scattered and chaotic growth of cities. Since the intermediate buildings are not at the same time as the surrounding buildings in terms of construction time, and there are many influences between the existing grains and new structures, as a result, the appropriate selection of intermediate architectural models causes more successful interventions. The new structure can restore the physical and functional continuity of a part of the neighborhood by adapting the physical patterns of the traditional texture and the principles of intermediate architecture with the historical texture of Joibare neighborhood and defining the required use.    In this thesis, we have tried to achieve this goal by proposing the construction of a low-rise residential complex with high density in the historical context of Isfahan (Joibare area). Therefore, in the form of theoretical research, it will seek to achieve principles that fully include physical patterns and intermediate architecture. By studying and examining the evolution of spatial patterns, the pattern of houses is defined according to the concepts of the past and today's needs. The method of this thesis is the study of examples in the library method. After knowing the site, by analyzing and examining ten valuable houses, the types of buildings in the Joibare area were identified and their characteristics were used as criteria for design.

The increase of population has led to increase the demand for housing, which in contrast to the insufficient and inappropriate supply of housing And due to the lack of economic power and the high share of housing costs in the household budget, the low-income sections of the society. Having a suitable house for the unemployed and with various conditions such as mortgage, rent and marginalization in the units They live in unfavorable housing. Designing a suitable housing that fits the needs of the target community and paying attention to the cultural conditions that govern those communities is one thing It is one of the solutions to meet the needs of low-income groups for housing. Therefore, in this thesis, try to It is that by determining the characteristics of the ideal housing and examining the basic human needs, the ideal residential complex designed for the low-income text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi: embed;mso-line-break-override:none;word-break:normal;punctuation-wrap:hanging">The society's income leads to solving the problem of housing poverty, security and public welfare and according to quantitative aspects And the quality of housing will increase the level of satisfaction of the residents. Considering that it is the core of the city of Kermanshah. It is a historical context, the aforementioned design idea is also an answer to the problem of low-income housingIt is on a local scale, it can help the issues and problems in the historical context of Kermanshah city is also In recent years, the concept of urban improvement has become one of the most important methods of organizing dilapidated urban tissues And areas with informal texture have become. These concepts are also considered in our country. Textures Worn out and informal has become one of the challenges of citizenship management in the past decades. From Also, the comparison of the potential of two worn-out and informal contexts for improvement is considered one of the important issues which has been less investigated. The present study aims to compare the capacity of urban regeneration in wealthy neighborhoods. The worn-out and informal urban texture has been done in Kermanshah city. This research is applied and descriptive. It is analytical. Its target population includes low and middle income groups who can afford quality housing. They are not desirable in suitable neighborhoods in the center of the city, as the residential context of Modares street in Kermanshah. It is worn out and selected for review and design. The results of this thesis show From the point of view of the residents of the target neighborhoods, the improvement of social conditions is the first indicator with potential in urban improvement. Economic prosperity is the second indicator with improvement capacity, physical improvement is the third indicator with potential Improving the environmental status of the fourth indicator has potential in urban improvement. Improved capacity A city in the micro-scales of socio-cultural conditions, economic prosperity, improvement of the environmental situation and so on Improving physical quality in worn tissue is high and high. Urban improvement capacity in this area Scales are also average in the informal context. In total indicators, the capacity of urban improvement in Worn-out texture is more than informal texture that should be considered by urban improvement managers.   

Abstract

   Abstract The increase in population and the advancement of technology in the 20th century has accelerated the process of industrialization in countries. This increase required a lot of energy supply, and for this reason, industrial societies have increasingly used fossil fuels. Indiscriminate use of this type of fuel has led to destructive environmental effects and extensive changes in weather and climate worldwide. The concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases is increasing due to human activities. This issue has raised concerns about the increase in the earth's temperature. According to research, it is likely that the Earth's temperature will increase by 1 to 5 degrees Celsius during the current century, which is a trend in the global average temperature that is outside the natural variation of temperature changes in the last thousand years. In this thesis, a theoretical research has been conducted in which simulation has been used and through that, the required information has been obtained through library resources, climate data, weather information and so on, Collected. This information has been simulated by computer using Designbuilder and Polysun software, and using the obtained results, a low-energy industrial unit (zero energy) has been designed in the textile industry. This building has been able to meet its energy needs using renewable energy. And it has also had zero annual results in energy consumption and production. The results obtained from the simulations showed that after applying energy consumption optimization strategies, the building consumption in the areas of cooling, heating, lighting, hot water consumption and equipment used for a full year, decreased by 61.35 percent compared to the reference building and has reached 68.45 KWh/m2. Also, by the solar system installed on the roof of the building, this system has been able to produce 76.70 KWh/m2 of electrical energy. According to the results, the difference between the amount of energy consumed and the amount of energy produced showed that in addition to confirming the achievement of a zero energy building, the solar system produced 8.25 KWh/m2 in excess of the energy requirement. Keywords: Architectural Design of Industrial Units, Textile Industry, Zero Energy, Kermanshah

A heat exchanger is a tool for heat transferring between two fluids with temperature difference, and it is important when we can achieve a lower operating cost and a smaller exchanger size. The concept of miniaturization of the exchanger has required researchers to study microchannels as heat exchangers. Micro exchangers, compared to conventional exchangers, have different performance in heat transfer due to structural differences and other differences. In this research, a flat microchannel with a rectangular cross-section is used to investigate the heat transfer, which has four inlet flows, including two lateral sheath flows (to establish the phenomenon of hydrodynamic focusing) and also two middle sheath flows. The phenomenon of hydrodynamic focusing in this microchannel has led to direct the materials into a flow and by removing the contact between the walls of the device and the reactive flow, it creates a uniform flow. Also, an FRR parameter is defined in this microchannel, which indicates the ratio of the total rate of lateral sheath flows to the total rate of middle sheath flows. The performance of heat transfer in this microchannel is studied by checking different parameters in the inlet flows. For this purpose, we use an immiscible fluid (oil) for lateral sheath flows and (ice water) for middle sheath flows. Therefore, we have two separable phases at the output, and this is a valuable point in using this microchannel. The results showed that in order to establish the phenomenon of hydrodynamic concentration, in addition to using different inlet flow rate ratios according to the characteristic dimensions of the flat micro heat exchanger equipped with side sheath flows, the Reynolds number was placed in the range of laminar flow. It also showed a good agreement. The simulations were based on the experimental data obtained from the experiment. In general, the results of the study of heat transfer in a flat microchannel equipped with side sheath flows showed that with an increase in the key parameter defined as FRR in this type of microchannel and an increase in the oil volume flow ratio, the temperature increases, which leads to an increase in the coefficient Heat transfer and increasing the dimensionless number of Nu. A heat exchanger is a tool for heat transferring between two fluids with temperature difference, and it is important when we can achieve a lower operating cost and a smaller exchanger size. The concept of miniaturization of the exchanger has required researchers to study microchannels as heat exchangers. Micro exchangers, compared to conventional exchangers, have different performance in heat transfer due to structural differences and other differences. In this research, a flat microchannel with a rectangular cross-section is used to investigate the heat transfer, which has four inlet flows, including two lateral sheath flows (to establish the phenomenon of hydrodynamic focusing) and also two middle sheath flows. The phenomenon of hydrodynamic focusing in this microchannel has led to direct the materials into a flow and by removing the contact between the walls of the device and the reactive flow, it creates a uniform flow. Also, an FRR parameter is defined in this microchannel, which indicates the ratio of the total rate of lateral sheath flows to the total rate of middle sheath flows. The performance of heat transfer in this microchannel is studied by checking different parameters in the inlet flows. For this purpose, we use an immiscible fluid (oil) for lateral sheath flows and (ice water) for middle sheath flows. Therefore, we have two separable phases at the output, and this is a valuable point in using this microchannel.

Today, other tourists travel with different motives from beach and sun, trying to find new experiences for the peace of mind and power of the spirit. One of the most important for this kind of pleasure tour, the darling of the hotel, because the particular nature of the weed, the lack of innovation, and the lack of service.You have a working factor in the hotel industry that makes the economic growth of tourists and culture grow.The public spaces of the mastoid have a major role in estimated the needs of the tourist tour, so that it should be answered by the right design for the tourists, and provide the necessary social and cultural development.

  Due to events such as the advancement of technology, consumerism of goods, attention to fleeting needs and such things, in the present era, the quality-oriented world has given way to an advanced and quantitative-oriented world. In such a way that the meaning of many issues has been forgotten and consigned to history. In fact, the house is not an exception to this rule; So that it has lost its meaning and nature to a large extent. The lack of a suitable home makes a person feel lost and homeless in this busy world. As a result, the concept of living in a beloved shelter has gradually become dim and meaningless. There are various factors that improve the quality of the house, one of which is the correct and rational use of materials in the architecture of the house. In this regard, the current thesis, assuming the center of human and his need to understand the meaning of his house, seeks to revive a part of the forgotten quality of the house by means of brick materials. In general, in order to achieve this important in the research process of this thesis, first, relying on the correlational research method, it was determined that there is a relationship between bricks and the meaning of the house, so that these two variables affect each other. . In the next stage, an open interview was conducted with those respondents who believed that there is a connection between bricks and the meaning of the house, and with the help of qualitative research method, primary codes were extracted from the interviews and then From the centralization of the codes, concepts such as: sensory perception, Iranian identity, revitalization of the sense of place, stability, personalization and atmosphere were created. The information obtained improves the quality of the house, and in general, these information are the characteristics attributed by the respondents to the brick materials used in the houses. Finally, the results obtained from the research part of this thesis show that a significant number of people in Kermanshah consider brick as one of the appropriate materials to create meaning and improve quality in the exterior and interior of the house.

As one of the architectural elements, the Yard has a long history in human settlement space and shows human adaptation to the sum of environmental conditions. In the past, the yards had a considerable level of home spaces and played various roles and features such as providing light, ventilation, communicating with nature, creating a safe environment for facing the family, security, confidentiality, dynamism, vitality, readability. Therefore, these spaces, as one of the most important flexible spaces in past houses, had a special place.   During different periods of architecture, the environment has changed a lot and today, due to various reasons such as quantitative and profitable view of housing, lack of attention to space and its quality and not considering the effect that the environment has on humans, the position of this space has been less than in the past. In this thesis, we try to collect and identify the physical factors that are important and effective in increasing the quality of the home and its resuscitation, for which two questions are raised in this thesis. "What physical factors are effective in strengthening the presence and stopping of people in the courtyard of the house? " And "How can physical factors reinforce the quality of the courtyard and transform it into the living space of the residents in the design of a residential apartment in Boroujerd?". Following answers to these questions, in-depth interviews have been conducted with people who have lived in houses with active and live courtyards in Boroujerd in the past or present. The research method of this dissertation is qualitative and its approach is grounded theory. This thesis is applied in terms of purpose. After analyzing the research data, physical factors affecting the quality of the yard as a space for living at home and increasing the quality of this space as well as the use of these factors in the design of residential apartments in Boroujerd have been obtained.    Keywords: Factors of Physical, Residential Apartments, Yard, Quality, Boroujerd City      

  Considering the growing trend of the population of the cities and the need for new urban elements and space suitable for the daily needs of the society, having places to establish social and cultural interactions is felt more than ever. In order to achieve this goal of having public spaces, including cultural centers, which lead to environmental quality, it seems essential that different people can interact and spend leisure time with ease.In the city of Kermanshah, due to its historical and cultural background and native and local values, the lack of suitable cultural and artistic centers has caused the cultural identity and cultural and artistic activities of the citizens to fade; On the other hand, there are buildings and spaces with a cultural and historical background and with great potential for development, which are facing wear and tear due to the neglect of the relevant authorities.In order to improve the environmental and cultural qualities of the municipal garden, the present research investigated culture and cultural factors by using the principles of regeneration concept and looking at it in the form of applying culture-oriented regeneration strategies, including the creation of cultural centers and building restoration. which contain part of the history and personality of the city, presents the cultural regeneration plan of the municipal garden and turns it into one of the most successful centers in order to revive the culture, history and art of the city and improve the cultural status of the neighborhoods. It transforms around it.The current research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is based on the examination of case samples, field observations, library studies, and the examination of documents, maps, and historical images. The main results that are expected to be extracted from this research are the revival of the cultural and historical identity of the municipal garden and its surrounding neighborhoods and the response to the cultural and social needs of the society, which is achieved through the design of a cultural center with an attractive and dynamic environment and also with benefits. Taking the city's specific cultural and artistic resources and changing the use of the municipal building (former British consulate) into a museum and highlighting this area as one of the strong cultural poles in the city is realized.

  In today's urban society, where the stress and consequences of machine life have created the ground for all kinds of physical and mental diseases, spa as a reliable and basic solution to improve human mental and physical health, to avoid today's stressful life and to prevent diseases. It is spiritual. On the other hand, the proper and special use of the healing garden in combination with the spa can create a favorable and relaxing atmosphere to improve the health of the human body and soul and create a healing place. This issue has not been given much attention in our country and the result is an increase in tension, stress and psychological crises. This is despite the fact that most cities in Iran, including Kermanshah, have a high potential for setting up spa and healing garden complexes.Spas have different types according to the services they provide, however, the general goal of all of them is to improve the level of health and well-being of people and maintain, manage and improve health and well-being. The spa that is considered in this thesis is a health spa. Thus, the main goal of this thesis is to provide a framework for the design of the health spa complex in Kermanshah using the component of healing gardens. Reviewing the literature done around achieving the goal of the thesis has led to the formation of the main research question.In this way: What are the conceptual and practical components and principles of garden healing in the architecture of the spa complex? Also, how can these components be properly used in spa design?The approach adopted to answer the research question is qualitative, and the required information was collected using library sources and documents and scientific articles, then the components and healing solutions of the garden in the spa were extracted and deduced with the descriptive-analytical method. Is. The findings of the research show that the four components of stimulation of the five human senses - the feeling of comfort, ease and relaxation - the proper connection and access of the spa to the garden - the feeling of closeness, confidence and control of the environment are the effective components of the healing of the garden in the spa. In the following, each of the components is reviewed and the solutions and design principles related to it are presented.Also, considering the importance of the selected site in the design of the spa and healing garden, these 4 components have been investigated and evaluated in the site using the SWOT table, and after ensuring the suitability of the site, appropriate design planning has been presented.Finally, it has been tried to present the main results of the research by providing a suitable model in the design of this collection. The results of this research show that the design of the spa complex by using the healing garden, by creating a proper relationship between architecture and nature and establishing a balance, creates a healing environment that reduces stress, provides the ground for mental regeneration and causes Promoting the culture of health, wellness and healthy lifestyle

context is one of the primary productive tools of architects, which lack of attention leads to the loss of visual continuity and the creation of an uncoordinated system in the physical image. The common and aimless design process, the visual damage to the northern slopes of Kermanshah and the disorderly body of residential projects are the main motivations of this thesis in achieving the approach of physical contextualism. The purpose of this research is to extract the physical components and examine them in the residential complex in the north of Kermanshah in order to identify the damages and then design the residential complex based on the components, which finally depicts its context and physical values. Create a correct and balanced interaction between the building and the substrate. There have been some researches in this regard before, which only considered the historical and cultural context; But this research deals with the design in a natural and pathological context of residential complexes in the northern slopes of Kermanshah and also provides a comprehensive classification of physical components; It is an innovative research.main questio   What are the components of physical orientation and how to use them. The approach to answering the questions is qualitative and descriptive-analytical. By examining the opinions of experts, the components have been extracted. The resulting components were applied in the residential complex and by identifying the damages, design solutions were presented, which was the main basis for the design of the said residential complex.  

يكي از معيارهاي مورد توجه طراحان و معماران، افزايش اجتماع پذيري و كاهشاجتماع گريزي در مقياس يك محله است. در چندين سال اخير اماكني با نام سراي محله درمحلات شهر تهران شكل گرفته است. سراي محله موجبات پيشرفت و تحكم پيوندهاي اجتماعيدر محله را براي ساكنين فراهم فراهم مي نمايد. اين فرصت در معماري مي تواند بهوسيله رفع يك نياز اجباري آغاز شود، با روابط اجتماعي اهالي محله پيشرفت كرده و باپيوند هاي اجتماعي و فرهنگي بين اهالي محله ادامه يابد. اين پايان نامه با هدفايجاد و ارتقاء اجتماع پذيري در محله چيتگر به واسطه طراحي سراي محله شكل گرفتهاست. مباني نظري پژوهش حاضر با روش توصيفي تحليلي و ابزار گردآوري مطالعاتكتابخانه اي و اسنادي صورت گرفته و سپس مولفه ها و ابعاد مورد نظر در زمينه اجتماعپذيري مشخص گرديد. در ادامه پرسشنامه اي بر مبناي همان مولفه ها و ابعاد طراحي شد.ميزان پايايي پرسشنامه براساس 30 نمونه ابتدايي و طبق فرمول كرونباخ محاسبه گرديد.حجم نمونه مورد نظر با استفاده از فرمول كوكران محاسبه و پرسشنامه ميان 473 نفر ازافراد محله توزيع شد. سپس براي تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از نرم افزار    استفاده شد و پس از تحليل فرضيهها ميزان تاثيرگذاري هر 6 بعد (زيرمجموعه دو مولفه اصلي اجتماع پذيري (كالبدي وفعاليتي)) بر اجتماع پذيري سراي محله بدست آمد و با ارائه راهكارهاي مناسب ومطلوب، جهت طراحي سراي محله بكار گرفته شد.  

  This thesis seeks to design a space for social interactions with spatial flexibility in Razi University based on the shortcomings and potentials of this center and also with the aim of moving towards the new generation of universities. The concept of spatial flexibility is achieved by the multi-functionality, changeability and redefinability of the architectural space, which aims to continuously change the pattern of human life and remain constant within the space. In order to achieve this goal, we must answer questions such as: A: Flexibility in the space and architectural body is achieved based on what solutions? B: How can the social interaction center design in the university Did you use flexible solutions in the space and body of the architecture? be answered According to the field under investigation, the current research is in the qualitative field, which is analytical-descriptive in order to draw conclusio   In the second chapter, sociological basics and information and flexibility are examined, and then in the third chapter, it is examined descriptively and then analytically with the three components of sociology, psychology, and architecture, and finally, in order to apply the components to the subject, Several topics have been extracted in three areas. The obtained results are qualitatively investigated in a descriptive and analytical way in the environment of university architecture. The results obtained in the research in the field of sociological sciences, psychology and flexibility have been that in the field of sociology, attendance is required according to the components explained in the second chapter and the fourth chapter; In the field of flexibility, spatial flexibility methods have been obtained in three ways and the interference of these components.

The importance of design quality of the educational spaces’ body, which used by children is one of the important factors in development of children. So that, numerous researches have been conducted in many countries in relation to the effective components of of the environment on promotion of chid development. Therefor, with the aim of improving the quality of educational spaces, the role of school yard in development and promotion of children’s learning has been investigated. In order to achieve this goal, a qualitative method along with the strategy of examining case samples have been used. The results of studies show that open and semi-open spaces have an effective role on children’s development and help to improve physical development, language skills, social interactions, expanding moral and emotional dimentions and cognitive and behavioral skills. All these components together, help children to improve their learnings. Optained results from psychological and development studies along with application of SEVEN Cs theory and Khakzand and Babaei’s research in company with examination of case samples have been expressed in form of design solutions. In following, as an example of using mentioned solutions, an elementary school in Kermanshah has been designed.   

Abstract One of the big challenges in architecture schools is the type and manner of teaching architecture and how to form the body of its spaces. This issue is due to insufficient attention to the theories of architecture learning environment and not considering the difference between architecture classes and other disciplines. In addition, the research literature in the world in the last two decades reveals the close relationship between the constructivist educational theory and the type of design problems. University of Fine Arts Campus of Tehran is a latecomer in the city center, which decided to move to borrowed and unrelated buildings due to not having enough space to teach design to students. Therefore, this thesis has tried to deal with the design patterns for the spaces of the Faculty of Architecture by adapting the inherent characteristics of the verb design and construction so that it can meet the current needs of architecture students in the development plan site of Tehran University. Based on this, by organizing the features in the essence of design and construction and matching it with the existing constructivist architecture schools in the world with the help of logical reasoning method, the thesis has obtained a new and innovative system under the title of vocabulary for designing the physical environment of architecture. The findings obtained from logical arguments in the form of about 20 physical characteristics such as persuasiveness, inventiveness, exploration, group, etc. are presented on paper in the form of solutions for the design of architecture faculty spaces, through which it can be used as a source for improving the conditions. Currently, architecture schools across the country have benefited. Key words: design features - construction features - physical environment of the Faculty of Architecture - constructivist learning theorie  

  Abstract Housing and its apartment type is one of the current needs in Iranian cities. Due to the increase in the price of land and the increase in the population in the years after the revolution, apartment building has become popular in most of the cities of Iran. With the increase in the number of constructions in the contemporary period in Iran, many important and vital factors in the design and construction of buildings, especially residential buildings, have been neglected. In today's residential spaces, the spirit of life and sense of belonging to a place and interactions between people have been forgotten. On the other hand, the ill-defined nature of design problems requires an effort to structure the problem and find a solution for it. What can be helpful in this is resorting to appropriate patterns, including patterns designed by expert architects. On the other hand, the selected designs in Iran's architecture competitions, especially the architect's award, have been well received by the professional and academic community. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the way of structuring the design issues in these plans can reveal the real strengths and weaknesses of the plans. Therefore, this thesis evaluates the way of structuring design issues through Lawson's model regarding the structure of design issues, which is based on three components of generators (designer, employer, user and legislator), territories (internal and external). and the functions of its constituent factors (fundamental, formal, practical and symbolic) are based, it has been set as a criterion for action, and it has been investigated how the selected designers of the Iranian architectural competitions structure their design issues and their analysis in the selected apartment projects in The architect's prize competition is to extract the features that affect the design and finally introduce them through their use in an apartment design in Kermanshah city. For this purpose, in the research part of the thesis, the analysis of the content of the printed texts related to the designs in the magazines of the Memar award has been used. In order to analyze the content, the texts are first broken down into the smallest semantic units; Then these units were coded based on the components and sub-components of the Lawson model. The findings in this thesis have confirmed that in these designs, the designer's productivity, form function and external territory are emphasized. Keywords: residential apartment, structure analysis, design issues, Kermanshah city, architect award.

The rapid growth of the population, the expansion of cities and the development of industry caused the need of humans for fossil fuels, which brought consequences such as the emission of greenhouse gases, which subsequently caused an increase in air pollution, global warming, destruction of forests, melting The formation of natural glaciers, the expansion of deserts, etc. Along with other sectors that consume energy, the building takes a large part of it. Because providing thermal comfort, heating and cooling the indoor space depends on the consumption of a lot of energy. Also, in the humid temperate regions of our country, such as the Mazandaran region, due to the high humidity, a large part of the energy is spent on ventilation, heating and cooling, which itself plays an important role. in the emission of greenhouse gases and global warming. Therefore, the importance of this thesis is in providing suitable solutions and models to reduce energy consumption and improve the level of satisfaction of the residents, it is also possible to benefit from the appropriate design of the building according to the climatic conditions of the region by using the methods of library studies and simulation. Research method This thesis is a combination and is done by descriptive-analytical method, case study and modeling using modeling software (such as Design Builder and Ecotech), the available documents will be collected in a library method. This thesis is looking for solutions to achieve sustainable architecture, as well as applying techniques in line with the region's climate to create thermal comfort and natural ventilation.  

Climate-based design is important from two points of view. The first step is to increase the quality of thermal comfort and the second step is to save energy consumption for thermal control of buildings. In the design of buildings, much attention should be paid to the indoor environment, because people spend 80-90% of their time indoors, and their comfort, health, and productivity are directly affected by the indoor environment quality (IEQ). Thermal comfort has been identified as the most influential parameter on IEQ among other visual, acoustic, etc. comfort parameters. Since energy consumption is high to establish comfort conditions in buildings, windows, which are integral elements of building facades, can be used to achieve internal thermal comfort. In general, the society is clearly interested in reducing energy consumption, mainly In buildings, it is informed through the proper use of daylight and natural ventilation. The general purpose of this research is to use daylight to minimize the amount of artificial light and reduce electricity consumption and reduce HVAC costs. Using windows or skylights to let in natural light and regulate temperature is one construction strategy that can save costs for homeowners and businesses. Since windows in hot seasons can enter a lot of radiant energy into the building, which leads to an increase in cooling energy, it is important to create a shade on this window in order to prevent the sun from penetrating into the building throughout the year. For this reason, awnings are used to control The amount of sunlight and the reduction of input energy are used in climates with the number of hot days throughout the year. Using a canopy, either as a part of the building or as a separate part of the building, can be effective in reducing the temperature inside, creating pleasant air and using natural light. In this thesis, focusing on window and canopy geometry parameters in order to better control the sun's radiation to improve lighting and natural ventilation, we have tried to reach the optimal percentage of windows on each front of the building in Khorramabad city by comparing different geometries. It is hoped that The results of this research should be placed as a strategy in the initial steps of designing a practice guide for architects.  

   Abstract In today's modern world full of various developments, the need for a home that provides human comfort and peace seems more urgent than ever. Flexibility adds to the quality of residential space according to the capabilities and various solutions offers in response to the current and future needs and demands of all family members. This research has been done with the aim of designing flexible residential space in contemporary apartment units. For this purpose, with a qualitative approach, it has first studied human needs, appropriate housing standards, flexibility architecture and reasons for the need for flexible housing using library documents and studies and internet resources, then by examining and analyzing more than fifty examples of traditional and contemporary housing in Iran and other countries of the world have achieved practical solutions in the design of flexible housing according to the research approach. In the end, according to the unique conditions of the project, apartment units have been designed with the help of some solutions obtained. Keywords: design, apartment, flexibility, Kermanshah

   Cultural landscapes in cities are essentially identity-creating and can contribute to the formation of hangouts and public spaces. The proximity of Taq-e Bostan cultural landscape to Razi University has provided an opportunity to create an area with cultural identity. The present dissertation intends to design a cultural axis using these two cultural poles to improve the quality and identity of this area of Kermanshah. This has been done using the culture-led regeneration approach and the creation of cultural centers, social and cultural interaction spaces and event-oriented. The method of doing the dissertation is logical reasoning using the cultural discourse system. From the study and application of the concepts of landscape, culture, regeneration, global and Iranian history in the implementation of similar examples and their harmonization with urban design policies and standards, patterns for design have been obtained. The use of semantic systems in the cultural landscape, its expansion to the axis through the use of architectural elements in it, homogeneous materials and the strengthening of cultural activities in the axis give rise to the connection of two poles and increase the physical cultural context in this urban complex. In general, cultural activities along with cultural landscapes lead to the formation of a behavioral camp and the development of cultural identity in the urban environment. Culture-led regeneration on the principle of cultural activities is a good policy for adjacent collections of landscapes and cultural resources. The continuity of physical patterns and semantic system used in cultural landscapes to other parts of the city i  ire a mental connection between the cultural landscape and the urban landscape and creates a single identity for the city landscape.    Keywords: Identity, Culture, Cultural landscape, Culture-led regeneration, Taq-e Bostan, Razi University

abstract One of the problems of today's houses is the lack of quality of their spaces. By comparing today's housing with the houses that existed in the past of this country, this can be well seen. Variety in home spaces is one of the factors of this lost quality. Increasing the diversity of space in the home can make it a more dynamic and lively environment and play an effective role in bringing family members more together. In this regard, considering the importance of this issue as one of the important factors in increasing the quality of home spaces, this issue has been examined And to answer questions that, How is spatial diversity achieved in the design of houses in the middle urban texture of kermanshah? In the design of contemporary residential apartments, how can the desired spatial diversity be created?  Accordingly, concepts such as space, spatial diversity and home were introduced. According to the specific approach of this research, based on the nature of the case study with field observations, the effective factors in creating spatial diversity in the middle urban texture houses of Kermanshah have been analyzed and studied and diversification factors such as: shape of space, height of space, confinement, relationships between spaces, etc. were analyzed and design rules were extracted from these analyzes. Among the analyzes performed, the relationships between the spaces, more than other criteria, helped the project to achieve the goal of creating spatial diversity.  key words: Spatial diversity- apartment- house- middle texture  

  olving the existing problems is of considerable importance in cities due to its significant impact on the development of communities. In recent years, the problem of marginalization has emerged as a result in cities. This phenomenon stems from factors such as poverty and unplanned migration, and leads to issues such as unemployment, increased unskilled labor, and urban insecurity. Kermanshah has a high percentage of informal settlement in the country. In this city, the Silk Garden neighborhood is one of the areas that suffers from this issue. This neighborhood, which is adjacent to Razi University, also has many capabilities, including one of the cases that Razi University can be mentioned to solve its problems. In this research, a shared workspace plan will be presented to empower this neighborhood. Because according to previous research, the role of the parent organization (here Razi University) in the formation and life of reproductive companies is not negligible. This solution, which can be shaped by the participation of knowledge in business and wealth creation, provides a cheap space with the desired facilities for the stops, so that by connecting the students in the industry, as a result, the country can progress and face retail. Create buildings and increase the culture of the region. Another necessity that was considered for the implementation of this plan is to change the prevailing thinking in these neighborhoods; Which is followed by the entry of a large number of people or investment according to the guarantee that there is a return on investment.. Such knowledge-based spaces have had positive effects on their environment, both in foreign examples (such as the French F-station) and in domestic examples (such as the Tehran Innovation Factory).

2 ) نقش مهمي در استخراج و خالص سازي مواد دارويي به كمك اين متدولوژي قدرتمند و دوستدار محيط زيست را دارد. از طرفي زمانبر و هزينه بر بودن دستيابي به داده هاي تعادلي حلاليت و حساس بودن برخي مواد دارويي به حرارت، ضرورت مدلسازي حلاليت مواد دارويي در SC-CO2 را افزايش مي دهد. در اين مطالعه با استفاده از تكنيك برنامه نويسي بيان ژني (GEP) و 743مجموعه داده جمع آوري شده از literature ،حلاليت ACDs در SC-CO2 در محدوده ي شرايط عملياتي وسيعي ( k308-348/2   و400 bar -80 ) مورد پيش بيني قرار گرفت. متغير هاي مستقل ورودي مدل دماو فشارعملياتي(T,P) ،جرم مولكولي   (MWACDs)و نقطه ي ذوب (MPACDs) ACDs انتخاب شدند. به منظور دستيابي به حداكثر برازندگي تابع هدف بر اساس حداقل نمودن خطا، پارامترهاي قابل تنظيم مدل GEP جهت بهينه شدند. پارامترهاي آماري ضريب تعيين، RMSE وMAE مدل بترتيب معادل با0/986 ،0/0178و0/0124 براي داده هاي Trainingو0/980 ،0/0176و 0/0127براي داده هاي   validaitionو Test حاصل شد. همچنين جهت بررسي ميزان تاثير هر كدام از متغيرهاي مستقل بر ميزان حلاليت آناليز حساسيت انجام شد. نتايج نشان داد جرم مولكولي و نقطه ذوب دارو به ترتيب بيشترين و كمترين تاثير را بر حلاليت داشتند. اثرات دما،فشار و MWACDs بر حلاليت ACDs در   C-CO2بررسي   شد. با افزايش دما به دليل غلبه ي فشار بخار ACDsحلاليت افزايش يافت. افزايش فشار با افزايش قدرت حلال پوشي و دانسيته ي SC-CO2   ميزان حلاليت را افزايش داد. با افزايش MWACDs به دليل افزايش تعداد اتم هاي كربن ACDs و تمايل به سمت غير قطبي بودن دارو، اثر افزايشي بر ميزان حلاليت داشت .نتايج نشان داد تكنيك   GEP مي تواند نتايج رضايت بخشي براي مدلسازي حلاليت ACDs درSC-CO2 نشان داد.   

   Hydraulic jump is one of the complex issues of hydraulic science. It is also very important to reduce the energy downstream of hydraulic structures, for which the supercritical current upstream must be converted to the subcritical current downstream. To reduce energy, a phenomenon called hydraulic jump occurs, which is associated with excessive energy consumption. In general, hydraulic jump is divided into two categories: free and submerged. Whenever the downstream water jumps are greater than the secondary depth, the hydraulic jump occurs submerged. This study was conducted to numerically study the three-dimensional vortex flow in the case of a severely submerged hydraulic jump in the case of a sudden opening downstream. In the present study, the question is what part of the channel width should be where the energy dissipation occurs in the submerged hydraulic jump, so by moving the sudden opening from the center of the channel to other coordinates of the channel width and examining the effective parameters in Hydraulic jumps such as horizontal velocity profiles, vertical velocity profiles, pressure, energy dissipation and viscosity by cross-section in the channel have investigated the effect of this displacement on the energy dissipation of hydraulic jumps. In order to numerically study the submerged hydraulic jump, a three-dimensional code developed by (Mahmoudi Nia et al,1391). In accordance with the laboratory model of Zari and Badour (2007) was used. In the next step, numerical modeling validation is performed with laboratory results, and then the parameters that are not addressed in the article Zari and Badour (2007) are studied, and finally by changing the sudden opening from the center of the channel to other coordinates, the rate of change It has been evaluated in hydraulic jump performance. In general, after examining the effective parameters in submersible hydraulic jump and flow patterns, it was concluded that if there is a sudden opening in the center of the channel, due to its centrality and distance from the walls, vortices appear at the beginning of the jump and then at the end. We saw a slow flow pattern jump, but when a sudden opening is located near the walls, we will not see a slow flow pattern due to the impact of the flow pattern hitting the wall and the resulting vortex at the end of the jump.                Keyword: Numerical Simulation, submerged Hydraulic Jump, Vortex Flow, Turbulence Profile, 3D Flow Pattern

   Abstract Structure, structure and elements of the building. In other words, the needs of a building (including sustainability) are related to the structure. Vitruvius defines architecture as the three principles of sustainability, performance and beauty. The structure of current residential buildings is used only for sustainability, and the discussion of function and beauty is hidden in them. Since the structure can behave architecturally, and in addition to its main and primary role, which is to withstand forces, it has another level of aesthetic and functional richness to the building. It will increase the attractiveness and enjoyment of the building, improve its efficiency and improve the morale of users and users. Current residential buildings, of which the structure is the main elements, face a problem and potential. The problem with the dissertation is that current residential buildings are often unattractive and economically expensive. Another problem with residential buildings is that the structure is limited to its static role. In fact, other features of the structure, such as beauty and performance, have been neglected. Therefore, this dissertation tries to overcome the problem of beauty and expensiveness of residential buildings by designing a residential complex and using the aesthetic features of the structure. Based on this, the dissertation consists of three parts. The first part tries to identify the characteristics of structures that can be used in architecture and on a residential scale. The next section describes the requirements of residential spaces as well as the aesthetic parameters of the structure, including beams, columns and roofs. Finally, in the final part, solutions on how to take advantage of the identified structural features, to design a residential complex with emphasis on the aesthetic aspects of the structure and its connection with architecture. Aesthetic features such as rhythm, depth, scaling, pattern, scale of the structure, etc. can be achieved by showing the structure on the facade or ceiling. Keywords: architecture, structure, structure, housing, aesthetics

   Abstract Innovation in any field needs an environment that helps nurture it. The world today sees creativity as a growth factor. In fact, it is the basis of creative development, and development needs a context in which creativity is nurtured. Creativity is effective and influenced by the natural and artificial environment. Therefore, the characteristics of the environment are effective in the emergence of creativity, and on the other hand, human beings can change their environment for the emergence of creativity. This impact requires the existence of flexible spaces that help people to develop their ideas without any physical barriers from the environment. This research seeks to design a growth center in the city of Isfahan based on the characteristics affecting the flexibility of the space. In this regard, library studies on flexibility and growth centers were conducted, then the principles extracted from the studies were categorized by data >Keywords: Incubator, Flexibility, Diversity,Adaptability

   چكيده دانشكده و فضاهاي مرتبط با آن يكي از اقسام فضاهاي آموزشي است كه چگونگي فعاليت­هاي آموزشي با آن در ارتباط است. ازسوي­ديگر، آموزش و كارامدي آن در گرو اتخاذ و پياده­سازي روش­هاي آموزشي مناسب است. دروس فني من­جمله دروس ساختماني و سازه­اي يكي از بخش­هاي اصلي آموزش معماري در مقطع كارشناسي است. در دانشگاه رازي، پس از جابجايي گروه معماري از ساختمان قديمي آن به ساختمان جديد كه از آن با عنوان دانشكده هنر و معماري ياد مي­شود، گروه معماري با يك مسأله و يك پتانسيل مواجه شده است. مسأله آن است كه در شكل فعلي، فضايي براي دروس كارگاهي معماري ديده نشده است. اما پتانسيل آنكه، آتليه­هاي سابق معماري در ساختمان قديمي بلااستفاده است. علاوه­براين، ادبيات پژوهشي ايران در چندسال اخير به­دنبال كاوش و معرفي روش­هاي كارآمد آموزش سازه در معماري بوده است. لذا اين پايان­نامه سعي نموده با بازطراحي ساختمان قديمي و تبديل آن به مجموعه كارگاه­هاي دروس فني ساختماني و سازه­اي، بتواند از پتانسيل موجود درجهت حل مسأله اشاره­شده، استفاده كند. براين­مبنا، پايان­نامه از سه بخش تشكيل شده است. در بخش اول سعي شده روش­هاي آموزشي كارآمد در اين زمينه مشخص گردند. در بخش دوم در پي يافتن اقتضائات فضايي مناسب با آن شيوه­ها و در بخش سوم نيز درصدد بوده كه ساختمان مذكور را براساس اين الگوهاي آموزشي مناسب بازطراحي نمايد. نتايج بخش اول نشان داده كه مدل­سازي، روشي مناسب براي آموزش دروس فني ساختماني و سازه­اي است. لذا در بازطراحي ساختمان قديمي سعي شده، فضاهاي آموزشي مورد نياز با اين روش انطباق يابند.    كليد واژه­ها: آموزش، معماري، دروس فني، سازه، ساختمان، كارگاه

در دهه­هاياخير، فرآيندآپارتمان­نشيني و ســرعت ســاخت مســكن امروزي موجب توجه كمتر به كيفيت فضاهاي زندگيو درنتيجه، نارضايتي ساكنين آن­ها شده­است. دراين ميان، يكي از عواملي كه در كاهش سطح كيفي مســكنامروزي نقش داشته،غفلت از فضاهاي نيمه­باز است. اين فضاها از ديرباز در معماري مسكوني ايران به­عنوانفضاي ارتباط دهنده­ي بيرون و درون، بستر مناسبي را براي بروز رفتارهاي جمعي فراهمكرده­اند كه در ايجاد احساس رضايت افراد از محيط مسكوني خود نقش داشته­­اند. مانندايوان، مهتابي، رواق، طارمي و ... . اما متأسفانه امروزه حضور آن­ها در محيط­هايمسكوني كمرنگ شده­است­، به طوريكه حتي در برخي از فضاهاي مسكوني، ما شاهد نبود آن­هاو يا حضور بدون استفاده از آن­ها هستيم. ازطرفي، تحليل پيشينه­ي نظري موضوع، نشان­دهنده­ينقش مؤثر فضاهاي نيمه­باز بر كيفيت محيط زندگي و رفتار ساكنين است. همچنين تحقيقاتنشان مي­دهد كه احياء عوامل مؤثر بر بهبود كيفيت فضاهاي نيمه­باز، سبب افزايش حضورساكنين در اين فضاها مي­گردد. بنابراين بررسي و تحليل فضاهاي نيمه­باز،جهت استخراج رفتارهاي متناظر در آن­ها درراستاي بهبود كيفيت زندگي، امري ضرورياست. درنتيجهبا توجه به ضرورت مسئله، پايان­نامه­ي حاضر به­دنبال يافتن پاسخ اين سؤال است كه "فضاهاي نيمه­باز خانه چه كيفيت­هاي زندگي را مي­توانندفراهم كنند و در مسكن امروزي چگونه مي­توان كيفيت­هاي ارائه­­شده در فضاهاي نيمه­بازخانه را دوباره احياء كرد؟" براي يافتن پاسخ اين سؤال، روش تحقيق كيفي كه در آن فرضيه­اي مشخص وجود ندارد و نتايج از درون خود پژوهش بدست مي­آيند، انتخاب شده­است­.بدين صورت­ كه وجوه مؤثر كالبدي فضاهاي نيمه­باز كه سبب بروز رويدادهاي مثبت زندگيدر اين فضا مي­شود، مشخص مي­گردد. اين وجوه برمبناي رويكرد نظريه­ي زمينه­اي ازطريق مصاحبه­­ي باز و عميق با افرادي كه زندگي در اين فضا را تجربه كرده­اند وخاطرات مثبتي از اين فضا در ذهنشان باقي مانده­است، استخراج مي­گردد. يعني مشخص مي­شود كه چه وجوهي از فضاهاي نيمه­باز روي اينكهرويدادهاي با كيفيت زندگي در اين فضاها نقش ببندند، تأثيرگذار است. درپايان با بهره­گيرياز نتايج بدست­آمده، مجموعه­ي مسكوني در شهر كرمانشاه در قالب گونه­ي آپارتمان­هايكوتاه­مرتبه (ارتفاع ? تا ? طبقه) و با تراكم متوسط (??_??واحد در هر هكتار) طراحي مي­گردد. به اين اميد كه با احيايكيفيت­هاي از دست­رفته­ي فضاهاي نيمه­باز در اين مجموعه، تا جايي كه ممكن است، سطحكيفي محيط مسكوني براي ساير مجموعه­هاي مشابه در شهر كرمانشاه افزايش يابد و سببايجاد حس رضايت براي ساكنين آن­ها شود.  

Rolling is a process in which mostly flat rods are inserted between two rollers and due to the pressure caused by the rollers, they decrease in thickness and improve their properties. In this research, rolling rod with square cross-sectional area, by laboratory methods and finite elements, for 36 samples, with cross-sectional area sides of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 mm; Roller diameter of 64 mm, two types of aluminum and construction steel and deformation percentages of 10, 15 and 20% were investigated. The results of the two methods differed slightly by less than ten percent and therefore their reliability was proven. The result is that the hardness of the material requires more torque and force to roll, while also maintaining a better cross-sectional area. Increasing the diameter of the roller causes more torque and the vertical force applied to it does not change, while the square cross section is more deformed and moves towards a rectangle. Changing the dimensions of the specimen, provided that the percentage change in their thickness is constant, has no effect on the torque and force of the roller, but the larger dimensions of the rod are more likely to distort the shape of the square cross-section. The higher the percentage deformation of the cross section, the more force and torque required for rolling, and the proportionality of the square sides of the cross section is disturbed. Therefore, in the percentage of small deformations, the tendency to maintain the square shape is more.  

One of the problems that has raised more concerns than ever before in terms of energy consumption statistics and forecasts for the country's future is the depletion of underground resources and the depletion of oil reserves needed to raise this industry. In addition to these problems, there are environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions due to improper planning and misuse of current energy. Solving these problems, in addition to having confidence for the life of the next generation, is a guarantee for the future economy and industry of the country, because today no other country knows the growth of its industry and economy based on underground resources and such value Reserves are becoming less and less, despite the fact that Iran has many natural and cultural attractions, the tourism industry is a good alternative to it, you just have to see the potential of this industry in the country. He acted to have a positive effect on the country, and among the various pillars of the tourism industry, the resort plays an important role in promoting the tourism industry in each region. Eco-lodges, which are more prosperous today, have gained a lot of fans. Today, tourists are less inclined to stay in luxury hotels with high stars and sometimes prefer to spend the night in the resort. To get acquainted with the style and context of life in the region. In the meantime, creating accommodation that can take a step in terms of environmental and non-environmental degradation while inducing the indigenous feeling of the region can be effective in attracting tourists to the region. This study examines the conditions of the region, analysis and design of accommodation. Ecotourism deals with a sustainable energy approach.   

Abstract In this research, the groundwater level was predicted using GRACE satellite pair and the time series model obtained by this satellite was used using GSGMDH neural network model. The study area of ??this research is the catchment area of ??Lake Urmia located in northwestern Iran. For this purpose, 163 months of GRACE satellite data were used during the years April 2002 to June 2017. To remove the hydrological parameters of GRACE data, the GLDAS hydrological model was used. The output of the satellites includes 6 points located in the selected basin, the results of which show a decreasing trend of groundwater equivalent thickness with a range of changes of -50 to +50 mm for six specific study points in the basin. The satellite results for six study points of Urmia Basin were compared by observing the information of piezometric wells in the area of ??each point. In order to accurately compare the water level, the observation wells were converted to water-equivalent thickness using a special discharge coefficient. Comparing the output of GRACE satellites with observational values ??showed that the value of correlation coefficient in six points is 0.48 on average, which is consistent with the results of similar studies. Also, the values ??of RMSE, MARE and RMSRE are equal to 8.8 on average. It is 1.4 and 1/3, which indicates the proper performance of GRACE satellites in estimating the equivalent thickness of groundwater in the study area. Then, using the GSGMDH model, the time series obtained by GRACE satellites were modeled for six study points. To do this, after removing the trend in the data using ACF diagrams, the delays with the highest autocorrelation were identified and used in the modeling process. Due to the uniformity of the data trend in the six points, the data were modeled together for all points. The results show the appropriate performance of the model so that the correlation coefficient in the training stage is equal to 0.96, which is 86 for the experimental stage. / 0 has been reached. The value of RMSE in the training and testing phase was very close to each other, but the value of MARE in the experimental phase gave better results. Keywords: GRACE satellites, Urmia catchment, GSGMDH model time series, GLDAS hydrological model, groundwater equivalent thickness, piezometric well information.   

چكيدهپايدارسازيگودبرداري ها در مناطق شهري و غير شهري به دليل تغييرشكل، ريزش، لغزش و واژگونيهاي محتمل و تأثيرات آن بر سازه هاي مستقر در نزديكي آن ها و مخاطرات مالي و جانيامري ضروري است. تسليح و پايدارسازي گودها به روش هاي متعددي صورت مي گيرد، كه دراين بين روش ميخكوبي خاك، به دليل مزاياي زياد اقتصادي و اجرايي از جايگاه ويژه ايبرخوردار است. بطور معمول در روش ميخكوبي خاك، ديوار? گود قائم و زمين بالادست تختاست. اما، گاهاً   به علت محدوديت ها، شرايطاقتصادي و محسنات زيبايي اجراي گود ها با هندسه هاي ديگر، مطلوب و يا ملزوم ميباشد. كه در اين شرايط تغيير هندس? گود و زمين بالادست، رفتار گود و شالود?بالادست آن را تحت تأثير قرار خواهد داد. از اين رو، در پژوهش حاضر، به مطالع?تأثيرات هندسي (هندس? پله بندي) بر عملكرد آن ها پرداخته شده است. به اين منظور،يك گود به ارتفاع 4 متر، كه در حالت مرجع داراي هندس? معمول ديوار? قائم و خاكريزتخت مي باشد، با مقياس 10/1 و شرايط كرنش مسطح در آزمايشگاه مدلسازي شده و پس ازمقايس? نتايج حاصل از مدلسازي فيزيكي با مدل هاي عددي متناظر و صحت سنجي آن ها،مدلسازي عددي در مقياس واقعي و با هندسه هاي مختلف (شامل پله بندي ديواره) موردمطالعه قرار گرفته است. مدلسازي فيزيكي گود، با استفاده از خاك ماس? شمار? 161فيروزكوه با وزن مخصوص خشك 1.49 گرم بر سانتي متر مكعب و 6 درصد رطوبت، ميخ ها وديوار? آلومينيومي و نيز يك پي نواري فولادي به عرض 8 و ضخامت 1 سانتي متر انجامشده است. شالوده پس از اتمام گودبرداري تا حد ظرفيت باربري تحت بار استاتيكيمتمركز قرار مي گيرد. مدلسازي هاي عددي كوچك مقياس و بزرگ مقياس نيز، در شرايطكرنش مسطح و با دو مدل رفتاري موهركولمب و خاك سخت شونده براي مصالح خاكي و باشرايط يكسان و متناظر با مدل هاي فيزيكي ساخته شده اند. نتايج حاصله نشان ازتأثيرات مثبت تغييرات هندسي و علي الخصوص پله بندي و كاهش زاوي? شيب ديواره، برعملكرد گود و پي نواري استقرار يافته در همسايگي آن دارند. تأثير پله بندي عمدتاًبه صورت افزايش پايداري ديوار? گود، كاهش تغييرمكان افقي ديواره، كاهش نشست پينواري و بهبود ظرفيت باربري آن و همچنين كاهش نشست هاي رخ داده در كف گود مي باشد.در شرايط احداث دو پله تغييرات بهتري نسبت به حالت يك پله اي ايجاد مي شود. اين درحالي است كه، تغيير هندس? زمين بالادست گود و افزايش زاوي? آن، تنها ظرفيت باربريپي نواري را بهبود بخشيده است. همچنين، نتايج حاصل نشان مي دهند كه، تأثيراتتغييرات هندسي در حالت استفاده از مدل رفتاري موهركولمب، با شدت و دامن? بيشتريايجاد مي شوند و تغيير شكل ها در حالت اين مدل، از مقادير مربوط به مدل رفتاري خاكسخت شونده بسيار بزرگ تر مي باشند، كه با كاهش زاوي? شيب ديواره (ديواره ها) نتايجتغييرشكل نهايي دو مدل رفتاري مورد استفاده براي مصالح خاكي به يكديگر نزديك تر وحتي برابر مي شود. اين امر مستقل از مقادير بدست آمده براي پايداري است، كه مستقلاز مدل رفتاري بوده و براي هر دو مدل رفتاري مورد استفاده برابر مي باشند.كلمات كليدي : گودبرداري، ميخكوبي خاك، پله بندي،هندس? گود، مدلسازي فيزيكي، مدل رفتاري     

چكيده تشخيص سن استخوان روشي است كه به طور مكرر براي ارزيابي ناهنجاري رشد و تشخيص و درمان اختلالات غدد درون‌ريز و سندرم­هاي كودكان بيمار انجام مي‌شود. چندين دهه است كه تعيين سن استخواني با ارزيابي بصري از رشد اسكلت دست چپ انجام مي­شود و معمولاً از روش مرجع G&am   استفاده مي­شود. با پيدايش تصويربرداري ديجيتال، تلاش­هاي زيادي براي ايجاد روش­هاي پردازش تصوير انجام شده است كه به طور خودكار ويژگي­هاي اصلي مراحل تشكيل استخوان را براي ارزيابي مؤثر و دقيق­تر سن استخواني استخراج مي­كند. بااين‌حال ماهيت ذهني روش­هاي دستي، تعداد زياد مراكز استخوان در دست و تغييرات گسترده در مراحل استخوان‌سازي سبب پيچيدگي ارزيابي سن استخواني شده است و يك چالش براي طراحي الگوريتم­هاي كامپيوتري تشخيص خودكار در اين حوزه است. هدف: اين مطالعه با هدف ارائه يك روش جديد براي كاهش خطاي روش­هاي ذهني و بهبود روش­هاي اتوماتيك موجود در تخمين سن انجام شده است. روش: اين مدل روي 1400 تصوير از كودكان سالمِ صفر تا هجده سال از چهار قاره پياده‌سازي شده است. با استفاده از تكنيك­هاي پردازش تصوير در محيط برنامه‌نويسي متلب شش ناحيه در دست استخراج شدند؛ تجزيه‌وتحليل مراكز استخوان و محاسبه سن در هركدام از اين ناحيه­ها توسط تكنيك­هاي يادگيري عميق در محيط برنامه‌نويسي پايتون انجام شده است. دسته‌بندي نهايي نيز بر مبناي ميانگين رأي‌گيري صورت‌گرفته است. نتيجه: در مدل ارائه شده تمام سنين رشد و چهار نژاد آسيايي، آفريقايي، اروپايي و آمريكايي در نظر گرفته شده است. در قسمت پيش­پردازش تمام انگشت­هاي دست و مچ دست به‌درستي استخراج شده­اند. براي تشخيص نهايي سن از چند شبكه عصبي پيچشي و يك Ensemble بين آنها استفاده شده است. روش پيشنهادي به طور ميانگين 81 درصد دقت در تشخيص داشته است. اين دلايل نشان­دهنده برتري مدل پيشنهادي در مقايسه با ديگر مدل­هاي ارائه شده است. كلمات كليدي: اختلالات رشد، سن استخواني، روش Greulich and Pyle، روش Tanner-Whitehouse، مناطق اوليه رشد (ديافيز)، مناطق ثانويه رشد (اپيفيزها)، استخوان­هاي مچ (Carpal)، تصاوير ديجيتال (x-ray Image)، يادگيري عميق، شبكه­هاي عصبي پيچشي (CNN)، Ensemble، ميانگين رأي‌گيري (Average Voting).  

   همخواني ميان شيوه زندگي ساكنين و شيوه سازماندهي فضا ها از ضرورت هاي طراحي خانه است. به اين معني كه سازمان فضايي خانه امكان رخ دادن طيف رويدادهاي زندگي را فراهم كند و براي نيازهاي انسان، در اين سازمان فضايي پاسخ فضايي وجود داشته باشد. به همين دليل زندگي بايد مبناي معماري قرار گيرد و به تبع آن شكل گيرد. اين در حالي است كه در شرايط امروز، تمركز مسئولين معطوف به توسعه ي كمي و انبوه مسكن است و از طرف ديگر معماري خانه بر پايه پاسخ هايي وارداتي و بدون توجه به شكل زندگي زمينه اي كه در ان شكل مي گيرد شكل مي گيرد. اين امر سبب مي شود فضاي زندگي امكان انجام فعاليت هاي بسياري را از ساكنان سلب كند. پاسخگو نبودن خانه به تمامي سطوح نيازهاي ادمي باعث مي شود كه افراد، جواب آن نيازها را در محل ديگري خارج از خانه بجويند كه خود مي تواند در درازمدت به زدگي از خانه و خانواده منجر شود. اين خود، تاثيرات رواني، خانوادگي و اجتماعي بسياري را به دنبال دارد. اين پايان نامه بر ان است كه با شناخت ويژگي هايي از كالبد خانه كه جريان زندگي را مي توانند تقويت كنند به ارائه گزينه هايي براي طراحي در اين جهت منتهي شود. در نهايت بر اساس اين ويژگي ها به طراحي يك مصداق ختم شود. بر اين مبنا نخست با كنكاش در ادبيات موضوع، مفاهيم كيفي مربوط به خانه و الگوهاي كالبدي فضاهاي خانه در منابع مكتوب حوزه معماري استخراج مي گردد. همچنين به تعريف خانواده سالم و رويدادهاي زندگي متناسب با آن در منابع مكتوب حوزه روان شناسي پرداخته مي شود. با در نظر داشتن معيارهاي استخراج شده از متون، در جهت كشف چگونگي ارتباط كالبد با زندگي، 10 خانه در بافت مياني كرمانشاه به عنوان نمونه موردي و به روش كيفي مورد بررسي قرار خواهد گرفت. به اين منظور، از روش مصاحبه ي عميق با ساكنين با حضور در خانه به همراه مشاهده و برداشت از فضاها استفاده مي شود. از طريق تحليل نمونه هاي موردي، تلاش مي شود با شناخت كالبد موجود و رويدادهاي خانواده، به كشف معيارهايي از فضاها كه در تحقق رويدادها موثر بوده پرداخته شود. اين معيارهاي كالبدي در قالب الگوهايي شكلي در مقياس هم نشيني فضاهاي خانه ارائه مي شود. در اين پايان نامه، با بررسي ضرورت مساله، در جهت كشف چگونگي ارتباط كالبد با زندگي، از طريق مطالعه ي منابع در حوزه هاي معماري و روان شناسي، به ارائه پيشينه ي موضوع با طي فرايندي از شناخت مفاهيم كيفي به ارائه الگوهاي كالبدي عام پرداخته مي شود. سپس در جهت شناسايي الگوهاي خاص، به تبيين روش پژوهش پايان نامه با طي فرايندي از شناخت كالبد خانه ها و رويدادهاي جاري در آن ها به شناسايي معيارهاي كالبدي موثر در تحقق رويدادها پرداخته مي شود. در نهايت تحليل داده ها و نتايج، بيان شده و طراحي منتج از آن ها ارائه مي گردد. نتايج حاصل شده، مي توانند به عنوان ابعاد كيفي خانه مورد توجه طراحان قرار گرفته و در تدوين استانداردهاي خانه كاربرد پيدا كنند. همچنين به عنوان ارا ئه ي روشي مناسب در آموزش معماري در جهت رسيدن از مباني به طراحي مورد رجوع باشند.

 Redesigning of ilam's paper recycling plantbased on Attention Restoration Theory Today, stress is one of the most common words we are all familiar with, and it has a negative impact on industrial spaces and their human resources in the face of occupational accidents. This study aimed to investigate Kaplan's theory of attention recovery in Ilam paper recycling plant and the impact of nature on its employees. Based on the assumptions and questions raised in this study, qualitative research method has been used. The statistical population is 100 employees of Ilam industrial town. In order to respond to the research hypotheses, data collection was done using observation and questionnaire to collect field information. Observation was done in two working and non-working days. The two questionnaires consisted of 10 questions, based on a Likert scale and ranged from very low to very high and 7 degrees. The results of this research based on the hypotheses show that: employees spend most of their time indoors and, on the other hand, reduce the fatigue nature of industrial workers, thus indoors in open and factory spaces. Ilam recycling can be used to reduce staff stress and fatigue.

This thesis aims at extracting the influential components for identifying architectural spaces, in particular, residential architecture and subsequently designing a residential complex in Nurabad, Lorestan. The lack of identity in contemporary architectural spaces and residential environments, and the resulting semantic vacuum, have been the main motivation for this research to come to an identity-based approach to residential architecture and architecture; the main question that is being explored during the literature review; Identity maker in architecture. Hence, using a descriptive-analytical strategy, gathering various internal and external sources in the field of architecture and architectural identity, drawing on the views of experts and scholars on architectural identity, and using content analysis of these ideas and opinions, It has extracted and deduced the identity component in architecture. These components of identity are: "adherence to culture", meaning that architecture is rooted in the set of values, beliefs, norms, and cultural expectations of society. "Adapting to human needs", meeting the material and spiritual needs of residents of all ages, genders and conditions. "Adaptation to materials" means the use of native materials consistent with the environment of the architectural establishment. "Flexibility" means the ability of the environment to personalize it as well as flexibility against time changes. "Adaptation to climate" to design architecture based on environmental identities and climate forces and consider the necessary arrangements for coexistence with environmental conditions. "Continuity of Architecture" to maintain and maintain timeless principles, values ??and patterns and associative elements. "Innovation" means moving towards the dynamic, technology and continuous evolution of achievements and values. 'Adaptation to performance' means the coordination of the architectural form with the expected performance as well as the current human activity in it. "Adaptation to time" means birth and bio-architecture with all its elements in its time and day, and harmony with the spirit of time. "Adaptation to the landscape and nature" means architectural attention to the environment and the natural context of its construction, from terrain and features to landscapes, landscapes, and the surrounding nature of architecture.In the course of his research, he has adapted the principles of Iranian architecture that have emerged from the viewpoints of the experts with the extracted components of identity, and has shown that these components are in conformity with the principles of Iranian architecture, on the one hand, and on the other, the identity of the past architecture. It has deduced the validity of the extracted components, and also provided a model of the relevance of the extracted components of research in relation to the distinct dimensions of location (body, meaning, and activity) to better understand the broad dimensions of place identity. At the end, these ten extracted components have been used as the main conceptual basis for designing the aforementioned residential complex and have been the criteria for designing the project.

  رفتار ديناميكى قابهاى پيش ساخته بتن مسلح همراه با ديوارهاى برشى داراى ميراگرهاى فولادى جذب انرژي

Iran is one of the 10 countries with the highest energy consumption of fossil fuels and about 40% of this energy is used in the building sector. This issue increases the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and increases environmental pollution. In order to reduce the adverse effects of fossil fuels in buildings, it is necessary to build constructions with efficient energy consumption. The first step to build a building with efficient energy consumption is to design a building envelope with proper thermal behavior. The previous studies revealed the necessity of determining the proper thermal resistance of the building envelope. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the appropriate thermal resistance for different components of residential building envelope with respect to the climate condition of the region and common construction materials in Rasht city to effectively reduce the heating and cooling loads of building. The current approach to this research is quantitative and the method adopted for research is descriptive-analytical, and simulation. The Data collected for performing simulations includes weather data of Rasht city and the coefficients related to thermal resistance and thermal conductivity of building materials. To conduct analysis, a residential building has been simulated in the design builder software 5.5.0.012. This software uses energy plus engine 8.6 for data analyzing. The building dimensions are 15*10*3.5 meters and it has east-west stretch. Window to wall ratio of the north and south walls of building is considered 30 percent, a door is located on east wall and there is no opening on west wall. Other building parameters affecting on results are considered same as software default information. External Wall, roof and window glass as components of building envelope have been investigated separately. To conduct analysis on wall, 16 walls were simulated with different materials and thermal resistance coefficient. Roof were studied in unoccupied pitched and flat cases. Pitched roofs are made up of two parts, one is sloping surfaces which in contact with surrounding air; and the other is the floor of attic space which is as a buffer between living space and attic space. For roof analyzing 9 sloping surfaces, 7 attic floors and 7 flat roofs were simulated with different thermal resistance coefficient. Also, to determine relation between thermal conductivity coefficient of multilayer window glasses and building energy consumption 18 different glasses were simulated. The results of analysis indicated that the increase in thermal resistance of the building envelope reduces the thermal load of the building over to the cooling load to a greater extent. It is also possible to offer the appropriate thermal resistance coefficient for various components of the building envelope. Proper R-value for walls, flat roof, sloping surfaces and attic floor are 2-3.5 m2.K/W, 3 m2.K/W, 1.5-2.5 m2.K/W and 1.5 m2.K/W respectively. It was also found that reducing thermal conductivity coefficient of multilayer window glasses have not satisfactory effect on reducing heating and cooling loads of building.