atural convection inside a partitioned enclosure has attracted much attention in recent years due to its importance in engineering applications for weakening or enhancing the intensity of heat transfer. In this study, a vertical enclosure containing air partitioned by a row of horizontal flat insulating blades is investigated. The effects of effective variables on the steady laminar natural convection flow inside the partitioned enclosure are numerically studied. Different temperatures are considered for the side walls of the enclosure, while the other walls are insulated. The row of blades is unsymmetrical in two cases; in one case, the row of blades is moved away from the symmetry line of the enclosure and towards the hot wall, and in the other case, the row of blades is moved away from the symmetry line of the enclosure and towards the cold wall. The effective variables include the Rayleigh number (Ra) in the range of 103×7 and 1.45×104, the angle of inclination of the blades to the horizon (?) in the range of 0 to 180 o and the eccentricity (S) in the range of -1.5 to +1.5 mm. Based on the numerical results obtained, the heat transfer is particularly sensitive to the change in the angle of the blades (?) and has an oscillating trend towards it. In addition, the heat transfer increased with increasing the Rayleigh number (Ra). Also, the asymmetric arrangement of the blades inside the chamber reduces the heat transfer in the chamber by a maximum of 19% compared to the symmetrical arrangement (S=0). In fact, with a low-cost geometric change, a significant amount of heat transfer in the chamber is reduced.

   This research is conducted in two main stages. First, the behavior of a prismatic fuse-type damper is investigated and analyzed, and then its effect on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete structural frames under cyclic loading is evaluated. In many structures, especially in regions with high seismic hazard, controlling seismic response through energy dissipation systems such as dampers plays a crucial role. Prismatic fuse-type dampers, due to their high energy dissipation capacity and adequate deformability, are considered an effective solution for reducing the seismic vulnerability of structures. In this study, which is based on the use of two numerical analysis software packages, the damper is first modeled independently in Abaqus, and its load–displacement relationship is obtained. Subsequently, structural frames are modeled in SAP2000, and the damper behavior is introduced into the frame models in the form of a link element. The research methodology includes nonlinear numerical analysis of both the damper and the structural frames, which are performed separately using the aforementioned software. Finally, the performance of the frames equipped with dampers is investigated under cyclic loading to evaluate the effect of the damper on structural displacements and stiffness. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the improvement of design approaches for structures equipped with fuse-type dampers and to assist in selecting optimal materials for structural frames.

Derivation of Trilinear Spring Models for Typical Regular and Irregular Multi-Story Reinforced Concrete Structures

   با افزايش روزافزون تقاضاي جهاني براي انرژي و نگراني‌هاي زيست‌محيطي ناشي از مصرف سوخت‌هاي فسيلي، توسعه و به‌كارگيري فناوري‌هاي نوين انرژي‌هاي تجديدپذير بيش از پيش ضرورت يافته است. در اين ميان، سيستم‌هاي فتوولتائيك حرارتي (PVT) كه توانايي توليد هم‌زمان برق و گرما را دارند، به عنوان راهكاري مؤثر براي افزايش بهره‌وري انرژي و كاهش انتشار آلاينده‌ها مطرح شده‌اند. در اين پژوهش با استفاده از نرم افزار تجاري شبيه سازيANSYS Fluent ، به تحليل و ارزيابي عملكرد حرارتي يك سيستم PVT مبتني بر سيال خنك‌كننده پرداخته شده است. در اين مطالعه، تأثير پارامترهاي مهمي همچون شدت تابش خورشيدي، دماي محيط، سرعت باد، دبي جرمي سيال خنك‌كننده و فاصله هوايي بين پوشش شفاف و پنل فتوولتائيك بر عملكرد سيستم بررسي شده است. مدل‌سازي با استفاده از روش حجم محدود و الگوريتم SIMPLE انجام گرفته و براي افزايش دقت، از روش Second Order Upwind در گسسته‌سازي معادلات بهره گرفته شده است. شبيه‌سازي‌ها در دو اقليم متفاوت كرمانشاه (با آب‌وهواي گرم‌تر و خشك‌تر) و بخارست (با آب‌وهواي خنك‌تر و مرطوب‌تر) انجام شد تا تأثير شرايط محيطي به‌صورت مقايسه‌اي مورد ارزيابي قرار گيرد. نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه عملكرد حرارتي سيستم PVT به شدت تحت تأثير شرايط اقليمي است. در كرمانشاه، به دليل دماي بالاتر و رطوبت كمتر، توان حرارتي سيستم حدود ?.? درصد بيشتر بوده و به ???? وات مي‌رسد، در حالي كه در بخارست توان حرارتي ???? وات محاسبه شد. همچنين، گراديان دماي شديدي در ناحيه انتقال حرارت از پنل به سيال خنك‌كننده مشاهده شده كه اين افت دما در اقليم سردتر بخارست محسوس‌تر است. تحليل توزيع جريان هوا در بالاي پنل‌ها نشان مي‌دهد كه جابجايي طبيعي نقش مؤثري در تهويه و كاهش دماي سطح دارد، اما در اقليم گرم‌تر، اتلاف حرارت تابشي سهم بيشتري از اتلاف حرارت كل را به خود اختصاص مي‌دهد. علاوه بر اين، نتايج حاكي از آن است كه انتخاب بهينه پارامترهايي مانند سرعت سيال، فاصله هوايي و خواص ترموفيزيكي مي‌تواند بازده نهايي سيستم را به طور چشمگيري بهبود بخشد. استفاده از سيال خنك‌كننده علاوه بر افزايش راندمان الكتريكي سلول‌هاي خورشيدي، امكان بازيابي گرماي جذب‌شده را براي مصارف گرمايشي فراهم مي‌كند. بنابراين، سيستم‌هاي PVT در صورت طراحي بهينه و كنترل دقيق شرايط عملياتي، مي‌توانند به عنوان راهكاري كارآمد براي تأمين همزمان انرژي الكتريكي و حرارتي در ساختمان‌ها، به ويژه در مناطق خشك و نيمه‌خشك، نقش مهمي در توسعه پايدار و كاهش هزينه‌هاي انرژي ايفا كنند.

   Abstract    Oramanat region, including Hajij village, is one of the tourist regions with mountainous nature, 25 kilometers northwest of Paveh city. Its typical construction is buildings with unreinforced materials, stone with or without mortar. Due to economic issues and the availability of stone, it has always been considered one of the primary materials. Considering that these areas are located in high seismic hazard regions, this study was proposed to evaluate the seismic vulnerability. This study states the history of seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings, and various qualitative and quantitative methods are introduced. First, the rapid qualitative assessment method was used for the seismic evaluation. The quality of forty-one unreinforced stone masonry buildings with wooden roofs was evaluated. Of these forty-one buildings, eight are one-story, and thirty-three are two-story. All buildings were investigated based on Iranian instruction No. 376 for seismic improvement of existing masonry buildings. Building number 16, with a vulnerability score of 62.37%, was determined to be highly vulnerable. This building was modeled and evaluated quantitatively. For a quantitative assessment, the building plan map was prepared and confirmed. It was modeled with the continuous model approach in the ABAQUS finite element software, the model includes cross walls, diaphragms and supports for validation. The model was used from frequency analysis with relatively good results, and the model was confirmed. According to the three records of the acceleration maps of Javanroud, Sarpol-e-Zahab, and Nosud, which were scaled to the standard earthquake, it was subjected to non-linear dynamic analysis, and the extracted results indicate that these buildings are highly vulnerable. The building on the second floor is more exposed to damage. The displacement in the roof is caused by the lack of rigidity and improper connection between the wall and the ceiling. The surrounding wall, the internal walls, and the building are deformed in the place of the openings, and the connection of the walls, sliding and diagonal cracks, and more tension contours are visible around the openings and bending failure at the base of the walls. In the end, it is suggested that the database for stone buildings be checked, and the seismic evaluation of stone buildings should be studied with a plan and irregular porcelain stone.    Keywords: Vulnerability, unreinforced masonry building, stone, Hajij village   

The dynamic characteristics of structures depend on many of its details and the properties of materials. It is not possible to consider all conditions for computational models, and mostly software and design code,s use simplifying assumptions that may make the results far from reality. One of the structures used throughout the country is corrugated masonry structures, which unfortunately design regulations such as the 2800 standard did not pay much attention to these structures and only provided calculations with prescriptive methods. One of the things that plays a key and primary role in the design and calculations of the structure is the determination of the periodicity of the structure, which in the existing regulations and standards of the country is only in code 376, which is dedicated to the seismic retrofit of these structures. That this equation is significantly different from the results obtained from this research regarding the periodicity of the studied structure.    In the current research, which is dedicated to the construction of a forced vibration device and conducting physical tests on a part of Razi University Faculty of Engineering, we have determined the time of the main periodicities of the structure in the north-south and east-west direction, we have also used Ambient vibration testing. For this purpose, we first made a small sample of the vibration device based on the initial assumptions, and after observing the performance of the device, we proceeded to make the main sample of the device. The results show that the results of these two tests are in good agreement with each other The main device made includes a three-phase electric motor with a power of 1.5 horsepower, which is capable of controlling the speed of the device by a single-phase to three-phase converter connected to it. We used grade 8 roll bolts to install the device on the ground, and we used epoxy resin for proper connection and adhesion of the device to the ground through the bolts. We have compared the obtained results with the relations of the    regulations, and a significant difference has been observed. The accelerometers used are MEMS accelerometer and PDER data logger.   

Abstract: The present research presents the loading protocol for the conventional bending frame steel structure under the accelerometers of the Sarpol-e-zahab earthquake, Kermanshah. The impact of various loading protocols in the ATC-24, SAC, and Fang regulations and their comparison with the 1396 earthquake accelerometer of Sarpol-e-zahab, Kermanshah province, by applying it to steel bending frame structures has been investigated to provide a loading protocol. In this research, numerical modeling is used. The moment-resistance frame was designed according to Iranian codes, and then it was analyzed under the Sarpol-e-zahab earthquake record using the dynamic method. Then, the cyclic loading protocols were applied. The results from applying the earthquake record and the cyclic protocol will be compared, and the accuracy of the proposed protocol will be evaluated. In this research, low-rise (3-story), medium-rise (7-story), and high-rise (12-story) residential structures located in Sarpol-e-zahab city with II soil type are considered. By comparing the results of nonlinear analysis, it has been observed that using the SAC loading protocol gives the best result in low-rise structures. The ATC-24 loading protocol has obtained a more suitable result in the medium-rise structures. The slightest difference was related to the ATC-24 loading protocol. In the investigated 3-story structure, it was observed that under the ATC 24 loading protocol, there is a 20% difference in the results compared to the results of the Sarpol-e-zahab earthquake record. It can also be seen that under the Fang loading protocol, there is a 27% difference in the results compared to the results of the Sarpol-e-zahab earthquake record. In the 7-story structure, it was observed that under the ATC-24 loading protocol, there is an 8% difference compared to the results of the Sarpol-e-zahab earthquake record. It can also be seen that under the Fang loading protocol, there is a 15% difference in the results compared to the results of the Sarpol-e-zahab earthquake record. In the 12-story structure under the the ATC-24 loading protocol, there is a 22% difference in the results compared to the results of nonlinear time history analysis under the effect of the Sarpol-e-zahab earthquake record. It can be seen that under the Fang loading protocol, there is a 25% difference in the results compared to the results of the Sarpol-e-zahab earthquake record. As a general conclusion, as the height and number of stories in the frame increase, the accuracy of the results of using the proposed protocols will decrease compared to the natural earthquake record.   

One of the systems Resistant to side loads, brace is Wind braces or braces are tensile and compressive members that are used for Coping with lateral forces is considered and in metal structures for force transmission. Earthquake is used for construction. Various types of belts Convergent - divergent - and the brace is divided by the knee element. In 1986, a new system called the knee brace frame (KBF) was introduced by Achua, which no longer solves the problem of beam replacement. It did not have the connection like the divergent frame. This system has higher hardness and better plasticity than the divergent frame and the bending frame. showed In this review, first, using the Abaqus curve software We extract the hysteresis from the frame with the knee brace and with the laboratory model We will compare for verification. In the following, the behavior of the KBF frame with different lengths of the knee member will be investigated, which is shown that the short knee member is submitted with shear mode and has more difficulty and the member The long knee is delivered in flexion mode and has less difficulty. short knee joint It consumes more energy than a long knee member, in general, in the knee members, a decrease in the length of the member causes Difficulty increases. Next, we place two other supports in the middle of the knee member, these supports They are not connected to the knee element and there is a small distance. In low to medium member drifts A knee does not hit the surrounding supports, but when the frame moves more, it causes the movement of the member. The knee increases and as a result hits the surrounding supports. Now instead Two supports, four supports cover the knee element, thus preventing that Deformation of the knee member exceeds a value and controls the displacements of the frame And the stiffness of the frame increases, which shows the positive effect of additional supports In the following, we show the increase in stiffness of the KBF frame with the hysteresis curve and compare it with the original sample. To This system is called KBF frame with variable stiffness Finally, to change the free distance of the support We will deal with the knee element and the change during the impact of the support  

  Iran's Standard No. 2800 provides a code for the design of structures against earthquake loads. Due to the fact that mostly, far-field records have been used to prepare the seismic design spectra, in order to consider the destructive effects of near-field earthquakes in the 4th edition of St.2800, the incremental spectral correction coefficient (N) was introduced. In this paper, the accuracy and estimation of the value of this coefficient for 5 structures of special reinforced concrete moment-resisting frame with the number of floors from 3 to 15, are evaluated. Due to the fact that the increase in seismic requirements under the pulses of near-fault earthquakes is not the same for all seismic response parameters, so different correction coefficients can be used to estimate displacement response quantities and force quantities. For this purpose, first, the structures are statically analyzed according to the criteria of Iranian Standard 2800 and are designed according to the criteria of Article 9 of the National Regulations of Iran. Then the dimensions of beams, columns and rebars required by the structures are determined. After that the response spectrum of single-degree of freedom system to a set of records (including 7 far-field records, and 22 near-field records) is calculated, then using incremental dynamic analysis, the seismic response of structures at different seismic intensities is calculated. By calculating the response ratio of structures under near-field records to far-field records, the value of the N-coefficient is calculated. Based on the results, the value of the N-coefficient of the standard spectrum of St.2800 is suitable for estimating the base shear demand of structures, but this coefficient is not accurate enough to estimate the need for lateral drift of structures. In general, the coefficients obtained from elastic and inelastic analyzes for the need for displacement in reinforced concrete flexural frame structures are higher than the values provided by the St.2800. This difference has reached 58% in some structures. It was also observed that there is no regular relationship between the 1st natural period of the structures and the magnitude of the spectral correction coefficient and the magnitude of the spectrum correction decreases with increasing seismic intensity.

Using ambient vibration measurements in studies of seismic site effects and microzonation big cities have great development. The role of site effects in the destruction and damage caused by the earthquake is no secret today And many researchers have confirmed the above question on the role of such studies have emphasized. Among the various methods in the study site effect there Measuring vibrations easily cost in terms of economic environment and the ability to measure large areas in a short time is valuable and important. Among the various methods of spectral H / V is Maybe one of the easiest and most practical methods. In this study, using the microtremor measurement method, the natural frequency of the earth for accelerometer stations in Ilam province was determined, and on the other hand, using the relation f0 = Vs30 / 4H, the natural frequency of the earth for accelerometer stations was determined. It was extracted and it was observed that the frequencies obtained from the two methods do not correspond to each other in the stations but are close to each other in some stations.    Keywords: Microtremors, Earth natural frequency, Accelerometer station, Ilam province, Shear wave velocity   

  Electromyography (EMG) is a widely used diagnostic tool in clinical physiology which is used by physicians to accurately diagnose neuromuscular disorders in patients, particularly myopathy. In this research, continuous wavelet transform method and convolutional neural network were used to diagnose myopathy from EMG signals. The data analyzed in this study included two groups of healthy (20 signals) and myopathy (44 signals). The continuous wavelet transform was performed to decompose each signal after preprocessing operations on them. Then the scalogram was extracted and used as an input image to the convolutional neural network. The neural network structure used in this research composed seven layers which were taught by 70% of the total data. The final accuracy of this model in detecting myopathy from EMG signal was 89.06%.

   Abstract One of the important applications of identifying the dynamic Properties of earth dams is to determine the modi frequencies, Damping ratio and mode shapes, which eventually leads to a better understanding of the system. Seismic behavior of earth dams is usually studied in four ways Using recorded accelerograms of the dam's response to real earthquakes, laboratory methods on small-scale models, vibration experiments in situ, and finally numerical analysis. Because among the types of in-situ vibration experiments, the use of accelerograms recorded on earthen dams at the time of earthquake has a special place in the study of numerical model of dams.The existence of strongmotion located in Darian Dam and recording earthquake records (albeit weak) in recent years, has provided a special and privileged position to use the records to extract the dynamic characteristics of the dam and perform numerical analysis. Therefore, in the present study, using the recorded response of the dam to Sarpol-e-Zahab earthquake, which was weak in this construction, in the range of linear behavior, while investigating the numerical model in the range of small strains, to extract dynamic parameters, especially Gmax   , GGmax   , ?   with Shear strain was treated which matched very well with the actual results. recorded accelerograms processing, in addition to classical methods, one of the advanced methods in the time-frequency domain is to extract the dynamic characteristics of the dam (including frequencies, damping and modal shapes) and also to compare the answers obtained from numerical analysis and the answers recorded in different parts of the body.

Earthquakes and that associated effects occur every year in different areas of the world and a lot of damage to all sectors and national infrastructure, including various industries and facilities that this issue leads to the loss of Financial and spiritual valuable capital at the macro level. One of the most important parts that affected by earthquakes has high vulnerability is the power distribution network. The electricity distribution network is one of the most important and basic industries in people's lives, and this issue important has more manifestation, especially when the earthquake occurs. The purpose of this study is the assessment of the vulnerability of electric distribution network againstsite frequency resonance in Kangavar city, which this work is based on frequency microzonation done in Kangavar city in previous research and modeling components and electricity distribution equipment used in Kangavar city with Abaqus software and analyze and drawing the seismic risk maps of the electricity distribution network. For this research, the modeled components and equipment include 9m distribution reinforced concrete poles with a nominal strength of 200 and 400 kg force and 12m with a nominal strength of 200 and 400 force which 9m pole with a nominal strength of 200 kg force according to the role its passage and branch is without transformer equipment and 9m pole with anominal strength of 400 kg force is modeled in the forms of single pole without transformer equipment, single pole with 200 kVA transformer, double pole without transformer and double pole with 250 kVA transformer and regarding 12mpoles with nominal strength 200 kg force, the modeling is in the forms of single-pole without transformer equipment, single pole with 50 kVA transformer, double pole without transformer and double pole with 50 kVA transformer, and 12m pole with nominal strength of 400 kg force is in the forms of single-pole without transformer equipment, double pole without transformer and double pole with 350 kVA transformer. The results separately include the first to third deformation modes of each component and accompanying equipment. The output of thesemodes is in the form of frequency, which is extracted from Abacus software as the normal frequency of equipment. The frequency in a single 9m distribution reinforced concrete pole with a nominal strength of 200 kg force without accompanying equipment in all three movement modes is in the range of 1.4 - 7.2 Hz, in a single 9m distribution reinforced concrete pole with a nominal strength of 400 kg force without accompanying equipment is in the range of 1.5-9.2 Hz, in a single 12m distribution reinforced concrete pole with a nominal strength of 200 kg force without accompanying equipment is in the range of 1.0– 5.0 Hz, and in a single 12m distribution reinforced concrete pole with anominal strength of 400 kg force without accompanying equipment is in the range of 1.2 – 6.8 Hz. These frequencies decrease with the increase of weight of components and accompanying equipment. By comparing these values of equipment frequency with the natural frequency of the ground that has been measured in previous research, the vulnerability is investigated. The result of the research is shown, in the form of tables and risk maps. The result of this study shows that the amount of risk of the main components and equipment of electricity distribution due to site frequency resonance in Kangavar city is different. The results indicate that the eastern and southern areas of Kangavarare more at risk

 the aim of this study was to investigate liquid-liquid equilibria for 2-propanol+ trisodium citrate/ sodium acetate/ sodium potassium tartrate + water systems at room temperature and different pH values ( 5,6,7/6,8/6/9/30/10/25) . the binodal curves of these systems were measured and compared at the mentioned pHs. accordinglyU experimental binodal data were correlated using MerchukU Hu and Pirdashti equations. as a resultU for all three equations R2 value was greater than 0/99 which shows a good correlation of bindol data. Hu equation model with lower RMSE value had optimal condition for binodal data fitting. Tie-line compositions were correlated by Othmer-Tobias and Bancroft equations. R2 value was greater than 0/99 for both equations. In addition, the effect of pH, salt and alcohol type on phase separation ability was studied. According to the results, an increase in pH value, hydrophobicity of salt and alcohol carbon number at room temperature leads to an expansion of biphasic region and approaching the binodal curve to the origin. on the other handU it was observed that kosmotropic ions with higher surface charge density and lower solubility in water are able to form a wider biphasic region.

   Proper design of solar panels and increasing their thermal performance is one of the most important issues of the day. In this dissertation, using Ansys Fluent 19.2 software, a three-dimensional solar chimney power plant for Kermanshah weather conditions and the effect of collector geometric dimensions such as collector height and radius, solar radiation and ambient temperature on mass flow rate, air pressure temperature In the chimney, the output power, thermal efficiency and total efficiency of the power plant as well as the distribution of temperature, pressure and pressure meters were examined. In this study, the collector height was 2 to 8 meters, the collector radius was 100 to 400 meters, the chimney height was 2 meters, the chimney radius was 4 meters and the sunlight was 400 to 1000 watts per square meter. Increased sunlight leads to increased mass flow in the chimney. Increasing the ambient temperature reduces the fluid flow and thus the output power. There is a direct relationship between heat flux and power output of the power plant so that with increasing (decreasing) solar radiation, the output power also increases (decreases) and the thermal efficiency of the solar chimney power plant increases. Increasing the collector radius increases the mass flow rate and thus the power output of the power plant, but increasing the collector height has an inverse relationship with power. As the collector radius or height increases, the total power plant efficiency decreases. Changing the collector radius from 100 meters to 400 meters for a solar flux of 800 watts per square meter increases the output power by 93.6%.    Keywords: Thermal performance, Chimney power plant, Solar energy, Numerical simulation

   امروزه استفاده از خودروها و وسايل نقليه عمومي كه به صورت تركيبي يا كامل از سيستم فتوولتائيك جهت تأمين انرژي استفاده مي‌نمايند بسيار رايج و متداول شده است. از سويي ديگر با توجه به پايين بودن راندمان و گران بودن سيستم‌هاي فتوولتائيك، بهره‌برداري بهينه از اين سيستم‌ها امري ضروري و لاينفك مي‌باشد. در نتيجه، مي‌بايست راهكاري اتخاذ نمود كه در هر شرايطي ماكزيم توان و راندمان را از سيستم‌هاي فتوولتائيك اتخاذ نمود. هزينه بالاي راه‌اندازي اوليه و نيز راندمان پايين تبديل انرژي از جمله معايب استفاده از سيستم‌هاي فتوولتائيك مي‌باشد. براي كاهش معايب فوق تلاش‌هاي بسياري انجام شده و در حال انجام است تا راندمان تبديل انرژي را با افزايش كيفيت سلول‌هاي خورشيدي و نيز دريافت حداكثر توان از سلول‌هاي خورشيدي افزايش دهند. مشخصه‌هاي سيستم‌هاي فتوولتائيك ذاتاً غيرخطي بوده و تابع پارامترهاي محيطي از جمله ميزان تابش، دماي محيط و بار متصل به آن است. لذا با انتخاب مناسب نقطه‌كار آرايه فتوولتائيك مي‌توان در شرايطي كه ميزان تابش و دما ثابت يا متغير است حداكثر توان را از آرايه فتوولتائيك دريافت نمود. تاكنون روش‌هاي بسياري جهت دريافت حداكثر توان از پنل‌هاي خورشيدي پيشنهاد شده است كه يكي از پركاربردترين روش‌هاي اخير در رديابي نقطه ماكزيمم توان سلول‌هاي فتوولتائيك استفاده از روش‌هاي فرا ابتكاري در تخمين نقاط اكسترمم تابع توان خروجي سيستم فتوولتائيك است. با اين وجود، در تمام اين روش‌ها به چالش اساسي متحرك بودن سلول فتوولتائيك و تغييرات سريع شرايط جوي پرداخته نشده است. در اين پروژه، پس از مطالعه مدل ديناميكي دقيق سلول‌هاي خورشيدي وسيستم فتوولتائيك در شرايط جوي متفاوت، يك روش   مبتني بر دريافت ماكزيمم توان به كمك يك الگوريتم هوشمند پيشنهاد مي‌شود كه توانايي دارد به طور پيوسته، سريع و پويا نقطه دريافت ماكزيمم توان خورشيدي در پنل‌هاي فتوولتائيك نصب شده بر روي خودروي در حال حركت با تغيير سريع تشعشع و دما در حالت جزئي سايه‌دار كه يكي از عواملي است كه ميزان دسترسي خورشيد را براي پنل‌هاي فتوولتائيك محدود مي‌سازد و باعث مي‌شود به همه سطوح پنل‌هاي فتوولتائيك تابش و دماي يكسان و يكنواخت نرسد را دنبال نمايد.

   Abstract: Objective: Because site studies require speculation and field sampling as well as subsequent experiments, these factors are possible at a high cost and time. Therefore, an attempt has been made to find ways that can be effective in identifying the parameters of the site structure (shear wave velocity and thickness of subsurface layers) while having acceptable accuracy. The main objectives of this study are to rely on these new methods that use surface wave analysis instead of traditional methods (speculation and multiple experiments) to be able to estimate the exitations on the bedrock from the recorded exitations on the ground. This bed provides the basis for the final analysis of the site effect and ground type according to seismic standards. Research methodology: The method of work is to measure the environmental vibrations in the site (in this study, Ker-1, Ker-2 seismic stations in Kermanshah city) using microtremor devices that can simultaneously record three seismic components. In the next step, the recorded H / V curve of the recorded vibrations is plotted, then by using the inverse of the H / V curve, the velocity and thickness of the subsurface layers are estimated. In this case, it has been tried to consider the necessary parameters using previous studies, and then by solving the governing equations, the vibrations on the bedrock are estimated. Results: In this study, the dominant frequency in Kerm-1 and Kerm-2 stations was obtained. This finding can be very effective and reliable in analyzing the effect of earthquake on various structures with different frequencies. Also, using the analysis of shear wave velocity profile and the thickness of the bed layers as well as the depth of bedrock placement have been calculated. Conclusion: HVRS method can be an effective and efficient method for estimating site characteristics, determining the predominant frequency of the site and also estimating the magnification of the earthquake caused by the site effect. Due to the low cost and time compared to traditional methods, it can be very efficient in micro-zoning of large areas.

  The main purpose of human data to collection is to understand the thinking of other human beings. This unconscious tendency has led researchers to analyze information in order to understand and analyze the minds of other human beings. Today, with the advancement of information platforms such as the Internet, social networks, etc., it is easy to gather the information you need. Today, social networks are one of the most important aspects of people's lives, and on the other hand, these networks have made huge profits by exploring the general information of users. The aim of this study is to investigate the text to find out the mood of people in typing texts. In this study, 14,000 tweets related to airlines were used to analyze emotions in three categories: positive, negative and neutral. The final proposal has three steps. In the first step, we perform the pre-processing operation on the database. In the second step, using the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, we extract the main words from all the existing words. Keywords are the words that have the most impact on categorization. We then use the convolution neural network to extract more features. In the last step, we perform the classification operation using the multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP). At the end, using the final proposed design, we achieved precision, accuracy and recall of 0.990, 0.983 and 0.875, respectively. The results indicate that the final proposed design is desirable.

زمين لرزه يكي از بلاياي طبيعي است كه جوامع بشري همواره با آن روبرو هستند.   برخي نواحي روي كره زمين به دليل نزديك بودن با مرز هاي صفحه هاي پوسته زمين، داراي لرزه خيزي بيشتري نسبت به بقيه مناطق هستند. ايران نيز كشوري است كه به دليل قرار گيري روي كمربند آلپايد داراي لرزه خيزي بالايي است. زلزله 21 آبان   ازگله يكي از زلزله هاي مهم در منطقه زاگرس مي‌باشد كه خسارت هاي جاني و مالي بسياري را به بار آورد، از اين رو مطالعه و بحث در مورد اين زلزله از اهميت زيادي برخوردار است. در اين متن، مطالعات و نتايج آنها كه در مورد ساختگاه شهر سرپل ذهاب انجام گرفته مورد بحث قرار ميگيرند. مطالعاتي از جمله: پروفيل سرعت موج برشي براي نقاط مختلف شهر بدست آمده است. در برخي نقاط به صورت آرايه‌اي با تركيب سه روش F-K ، روش SPAC و روش HVTFA و در بقيه نقاط به صورت تك نقطه اي با استفاده از روش HVTFA و با كمك گرفتن از نتايج آرايه‌اي بدست آمده اند. نتايج برخي نقاط با نتايج حاصل از نزديكترين نقاطي كه توسط پژوهشگاه بين المللي زلزله شناسي و مهندسي زلزله با روش ژئوسايزميك انكساري بدست آمده بودند مقايسه شده‌اند. نقشه هاي مربوط به ريز پهنه بندي فركانسي شهر، تيپ بندي نوع خاك بر اساس نظريه vs30   و نيز نقشه هاي مربوط به ساختار لايه هاي زير زمين از جمله نقشه هاي عمق سنگ بستر هوازده و سالم مهندسي و همچنين نقشه ميانگين سرعت لايه هاي رسوبي روي سنگ بستر كه با استفاده از اطلاعات بيش از 80 برداشتي كه انجام شده، بدست آمده و نقشه آنها ارائه شده است.

  Every year earthquakes occur around the world. In the province of Kermanshah, during the history has occurred a lot of earthquakes. Earthquakes including 4 earthquakes in 2013 with magnitude 5.2,5.7,5,4 and 5.3 in Qasr Shirin, 2 earthquakes with magnitude 7.3 and 5.3 in 2017 in Ezgele, 10 earthquakes with magnitude 5.6 and 6 in Taze Abad, 5.1,5.1,5.3,5.2 In Sumar and earthquakes of 6.4 , 5,5.1 and 5.2 R in Qasr shirin in 2018, there are important recent earthquakes in Kermanshah province .This subject show the importance of determining the seismic vulnerability of Kermanshah Province to help urban planners to rehabilitation, urban development, also Crisis Management during an earthquake. In this regard, this study analyzes the physical seismic vulnerability of Kermanshah city with the combination of three methods of Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy logic and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The purpose of this study was to determine the regions of Kermanshah which have high vulnerability and more critical conditions than other areas during an earthquake. The proposed method has a parametric approach and, in addition to considering uncertainties due to incomplete or inaccurate information, provides an independent approach to the study area. In each study, which uses several criteria for determining the results, the significance of each of these parameters and criteria must be determined. Determining the importance of each criterion in the analysis process is done using the AHP method. In most studies, especially studies that determine the vulnerability of the regions, there may be incomplete or inaccurate data. These uncertainties can be considered using fuzzy logic techniques. Finally, using the Topsis method, can determine the ultimate vulnerability of each unit. The results estimate the vulnerability of the city of Kermanshah in most areas within a high vulnerability. Only in parts of the city that is new build to other area , there is little damage. In these areas, in addition to the proper conditions of the construction parameters, the conditions of seismic hazard parameters such as litology are appropriate, which indicates that it is suitable for the expansion of the city.

  Investigation of thermal performance of a direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump water heater system using N2O refrigerant

  Smart materials are a new term for materials with ability of understanding and processing environmental events and show an appropriate response to them. These materials are able to change in their dimensions, colors and energy in a reversible manner in response to the physical or chemical effects of the environment. In recent years, using intelligent materials has been expanded in a wide range of new technologies. Magnetolectroelastic materials are the most important types of these materials, which provide the ability to interact between magnetic, electrical and elastic properties in a single compound form. In this present research free vibration, static and dynamic response of functionally graded Magnetolectroelastic beam have been investigated for these materials. The studied beam has different support conditions and relations are based on two-dimensional elasticity theory. The equations of motion are extracted using the Hamilton principle and solved by finite element method. The mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties of this beam vary in thickness according to the power low distribution. Finally, the accuracy of the responses was compared with the results of previous studies including the static and dynamic response of the system, the effect of various geometric parameters, auxiliary and volume fraction indices on natural frequencies were investigated. According to the results, it is observed that with increasing the volume fraction of functionally graded material, the natural frequency increases. In the static response study, with the increase of the volume fraction indices in different supporting conditions, the deviation of the middle of the beam decreases. The greatest divergence of the middle in the beam is with clamped-free boundary condition and the middle cavity deviation is reduced in beams with simply supported, clamped-simply and clamped-clamped boundary conditions, respectively. The solutions obtained from finite element solvers based on the two-dimensional elasticity theory are in good agreements with theory of beams.

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مقايسه عددي بين عملكرد لرزه اي سدخاكي با هسته رسي(FCRD) و سد سنگريزه اي با رويه بتني (CFRD) با استفاده از نرم افزار FLAC3D

  Due to the growing need of the industry for energy and the increasing price of fuel and limited energy resources, it is significant of optimizing energy consumption and preventing its loss in industries. The exergy method is a powerful and effective tool for analyzing the energy system of industrial processes. The purpose of exergy analysis is to determine the location of exergy loss and its amount in a process. In this study, the exergy and energy analysis were carried out for amine sweetening unit of Ilam Gas Refinery. Since the temperature change of the environment plays a major role in the amount of waste and exergy efficiency of the components, in this study, the changes in these parameters have been investigated by changing the ambient temperature from 10 to 40 oC. According to energy analysis, most energy losses occur in air coolers, and both air coolers in this unit together causing 87% of energy dissipation. In this study, components are specified with the highest and lowest amount of exergy loss. The results of the exergy analysis show that the air cooler 1 at 10 °C and the filter 1 at 10 °C have the lowest and the highest exergy efficiency, respectively. At all temperatures, the highest exergy losses occur in the amine recovery tower and the lowest losses occur in filter 3. By increasing the ambient temperature, the maximum change in exergy efficiency occurs in air coolers.

ارزيابي پتانسيل روانگرائي خاك با استفاده از آزمايش (اس پي تي)و دسته بندي داده هاي ناقص با استفاده از

  Tunneling, tunnel excavation, and the use of underground spaces as one of the most important and widely used tools today are rapidly increasing. Due to the importance of the safety of these spaces, it is essential to have sufficient knowledge and awareness at all stages of the construction and preparation of underground spaces. Selection of a suitable maintenance system for tunnels to achieve a sustainable and safe environment over time is one of the important issues in tunneling. After establishing that the tunnel requires installation of a maintenance system based on sustainability methods, the design phase of the maintenance system should begin. After designing a maintenance system and choosing the right system, by implementation of maintenance system, sustainability is provided. Tunnel maintenance system design methods are divided into three categories: analytical methods, numerical methods, and empirical methods. One of the methods for determining the required buffer of a tunnel is by the Q system method. In this research, it has been tried to determine a suitable maintenance system for tunneling in Q method by using some artificial intelligence methods. For this purpose, firstly, using Pearson analysis methods and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) by    software and then the gamma test method by WinGamma software, the effective parameters have been identified in the Q system and three different models have been selected for obtaining the value of Q. The first and second models have three input parameters and one output parameter, and the third model has four input parameters and one output parameter. Then, using some artificial intelligence methods including neural networks, fuzzy logic, gene expression programming, genetic algorithm and multivariable regressions, the amount of Q is calculated using different models individually. Finally, with respect to the amount of Q obtained from each of the models and the equivalent dimension parameter, the equivalent maintenance system is predicted using the software provided.   The software provides all the parameters required for tunnel buffer, including bolt lengths, bolt distance, and shotcrete thickness for operator. In this study, by using the parameters that have the greatest impact on rock mass index (Q), the value of Q is predicted. In this way, the effect of less important parameters or parameters that are not available or access to them is either costly or time consuming will be eliminated which reduces costs and saves time. After calculating and comparing different results obtained from artificial intelligence methods, it was determined that in the first model, the GRNN type neural network with RMSE value of 0.1 and R2 value of 0.99 is more capable of predicting rock quality index. And then the gene expression planning method with RMSE value of 2.16 and R2 value of 0.90 has more positive outcomes. Also in the second model, the GRNN type neural network with RMSE value of 1.01 and R2 value of 0.97 Has the best performance and then the methods of gene expression planning, genetic algorithm and MLP neural network have nearly similar results. in the third model, the GRNN type neural network with RMSE value of 0.31 and R2 value of 0.99 Has more satisfying results and then gene expression programming with RMSE value of 1.38 and R2 value of 0.95 showed more acceptable outcomes.

  The destructive effect of confined water on the blast response of RC slabs

  This study is conducted to evaluate the suction impact on the compressive wave velocity in unsaturated fine grain soils. Reviewing of the recent decade in this field show that the most of the studies are related to the changes of the compressive wave due to the change of the degree of saturation in rock and soil mediums (coarse grain).In this research, in order to show the suction effects and also the degree of saturation on the compressive wave velocity in unsaturated fine grain soil an experimental study is carried out. The compressive wave velocities were calculated by the ultrasonic device and for calculating the suction the filter paper was used. It is observed that the suction changes play a key role in the compressive wave velocity change and the compressive wave velocity increases as the suction change increase.The degree of saturation as an effective parameter related to the suction has a negative correlation with the compressive wave velocity in most cases. In this study, using the obtained experimental data some empirical relationship are proposed in order to estimate the compressive wave velocity in unsaturated finegrainsoils.Keywords: Compressive wave velocity, unsaturated fine grain soil, fiter paper, ultrasonic

AbstractThe velocity of shear waves which is utilized in evaluating the resistance of subsurface layers, site effects, and determining the profile of subsurface layers is one of the most prominent and essential parameters in geotechnical studies. The profile of shear wave velocity is usually discerned in the site by utilizing prevalent seismic geophysical methods such as reflection, refraction, and borehole ways or by geotechnical methods such as conducting CPT or SPT tests and employing experimental relations among Vs variables and the number of CPT or SPT. As far as theses methods need to dig many boreholes, it is obvious that deploying borehole geophysical methods or geotechnical ones to certify the profile of shear wave velocity is expensive and time-consuming. As an economical and practical alternative, the measurements of microtremors which can be easily implemented on earth surface could be employed as a single station. At the first place, the method register ambient vibratio   then, the proportion of horizontal variable spectrum to vertical of microtremors (H/V) will be determined by analyzing the data. At the end, shear wave velocity profile of the site will be discerned by inversion spectrum H/V and reversal algorithms.In this dissertation, after reviewing geotechnical studies and conducting seismography operation of the expected site, microtremor measurements were done as a single station in seven stations on the Kermanshah Underground Railroad track. In addition, registered seismography data in seventy point in the city of Kermanshah of universal bank project number IRN-4697 was exploited and employed. For analyzing the data, The researcher used four models- 3,5,7,and 10 layer- in order to determine shear wave velocity profile in all mentioned places. Finally, the achieved shear wave velocity profiles from inversion spectrum H/V method were compared to the result of other methods such as down-hole test and SASW to check the reliability of achieved data. The result shows the achieved shear wave velocity profiles from inversion spectrum H/V have a significant relationship with the outcome of other methods. Therefore, inversion spectrum H/V can be utilized as a reliable technique in estimating shear wave velocity profile. Unlike other methods, inversion spectrum H/V can more appropriately estimate shear wave velocity profile which are quite deep in relation to available depth. Besides, it gave more accurate results in recognizing weak surface layers compared to SASW method, and similar to other methods, it easily identified the layer which has less shear wave velocity in respect to upper layers. The most outstanding point regarding the mentioned methods is that at first these methods were utilized to exploit shear wave velocity profile without considering the results of other methods for thickness and velocity limit, and finally they were compared to the results of other methods, which showed there was a significant relationship among them. The accuracy of profiles grows in analytical model with increasing the number of layers, so 10 layer model in relation to other models has more consistency with the results of other methods especially with borehole experiment. Furthermore, the recognized depth by mentioned models grows with increasing the number of layers. Therefore, these models could be deployed for those places in which no field measurements and borehole experiment have been done for assessing shear wave velocity profile, and researchers can also achieve reliable results out of them