With population growth and rising land values in urban areas, the construction of residential apartment buildings has significantly increased. These buildings constitute a substantial part of the urban fabric, are considered part of the public domain, and play a fundamental role in shaping the urban landscape. However, the monotony and dullness of residential facades, involvement of unqualified individuals, lack of structured studies, and absence of appropriate architectural design models-particularly in the metropolis of Kermanshah-highlight the need for innovative and scientific approaches to apartment facade design. As a result, the primary purpose of this study is to design a residential apartment building in Kermanshah based on an analysis of how professional Iranian architects approach residential facade design. The secondary objective is to identify the key factors influencing facade design and architectural strategies used by professional architects and to generalize these approaches to various urban facades. In the research phase, 50 selected residential apartment projects from the Memar Award competitions (2002–2023) were examined using qualitative content analysis. This analysis, employing both inductive and deductive approaches, identified and coded facade design strategies and factors influencing their selection. Results showed that professional architects utilize a diverse combination of strategies to create aesthetically pleasing, functional, and sustainable facades. These include creating depth and voids in the facade, employing secondary skins, breaking down and scaling volumes, rotating masses, creating transitional spaces between interior and exterior, and incorporating green architecture. Additionally, seven primary factors influencing the selection of these strategies were identified: project constraints, urban design principles, social components, historical architecture, climate considerations, environmental concerns, and construction methods. These factors play a crucial role in enhancing the visual quality and functionality of facades and contribute to harmonizing buildings with the urban context. In the second part of the thesis, a sample apartment design was developed for a site on 11th Alley, Fahmideh Boulevard, Kermanshah, applying the research findings. This design integrates the identified factors and demonstrates a practical application of professional architects' strategies, offering a replicable model for similar urban residential projects. Findings suggest that combining technical expertise, cultural understanding, creativity, and user-centered design can produce coherent, identity-driven, sustainable facades that align with the urban fabric, providing an effective solution to common facade design challenges in major Iranian cities.

Abstract With population growth and rising land values in urban areas, the construction of residential apartment buildings has significantly increased. These buildings constitute a substantial part of the urban fabric, are considered part of the public domain, and play a fundamental role in shaping the urban landscape. However, the monotony and dullness of residential facades, involvement of unqualified individuals, lack of structured studies, and absence of appropriate architectural design models-particularly in the metropolis of Kermanshah-highlight the need for innovative and scientific approaches to apartment facade design. As a result, the primary purpose of this study is to design a residential apartment building in Kermanshah based on an analysis of how professional Iranian architects approach residential facade design. The secondary objective is to identify the key factors influencing facade design and architectural strategies used by professional architects and to generalize these approaches to various urban facades. In the research phase, 50 selected residential apartment projects from the Memar Award competitions (2002–2023) were examined using qualitative content analysis. This analysis, employing both inductive and deductive approaches, identified and coded facade design strategies and factors influencing their selection. Results showed that professional architects utilize a diverse combination of strategies to create aesthetically pleasing, functional, and sustainable facades. These include creating depth and voids in the facade, employing secondary skins, breaking down and scaling volumes, rotating masses, creating transitional spaces between interior and exterior, and incorporating green architecture. Additionally, seven primary factors influencing the selection of these strategies were identified: project constraints, urban design principles, social components, historical architecture, climate considerations, environmental concerns, and construction methods. These factors play a crucial role in enhancing the visual quality and functionality of facades and contribute to harmonizing buildings with the urban context. In the second part of the thesis, a sample apartment design was developed for a site on 11th Alley, Fahmideh Boulevard, Kermanshah, applying the research findings. This design integrates the identified factors and demonstrates a practical application of professional architects' strategies, offering a replicable model for similar urban residential projects. Findings suggest that combining technical expertise, cultural understanding, creativity, and user-centered design can produce coherent, identity-driven, sustainable facades that align with the urban fabric, providing an effective solution to common facade design challenges in major Iranian cities.   

   The tra  ortation industry‌is one of the fundamental industries in human societies that has undergone many changes from the past to the present. This industry is of such great importance that its absence can cause many problems in life. Therefore, with the advancement of science and technology, the structural complexity of this industry has increased day by day.Cars are among the vehicles in this industry that have the most users, so that over time their complexity, diversity, and number have increased. Despite the widespread use of cars, we should not be unaware of their disadvantages and vulnerability. Accidents are one of the most important causes of death in the world, always claiming many victims. In fact, during an accident, a lot of energy is released as a result of the collision of cars with each other, which causes damage and injury to the occupants of the car by transferring this energy to them. If the collision speed is higher, the consequences will be more fatal.Therefore, the importance of vehicle safety in the field of accidents is not hidden from anyone, and for this reason, it is necessary for engineers and researchers in this field to focus their attention on this issue and try to solve this problem. A lot of research and experimental work has been done in this field, which has ultimately led to the introduction of energy-absorbing structures. Energy absorbers are actually structures that are installed in the front of vehicles and absorb the kinetic energy of the collision during an accident by changing their plastic shape and preventing it from being transferred to the passengers. The use of this type of structure is not limited to the field of automobiles, and these structures can be used wherever there is a need to absorb irreversible energy.In this study, the sandwich panel structure was investigated as an energy absorber. In fact, the sandwich panel structure consists of two composite shells with carbon fibers in 7 cylindrical layers and corrugated aluminum cores. In this research, corrugated cores in eight states were used, whose cross-sectional area is a function of a sinusoidal relationship and changes according to the amplitude and number of waves created. The composite shells and corrugated cores were simulated in the Abaqus finite element software and after assembling them together and forming the sandwich panel, they were placed between two rigid plates, one of which is fixed and the other with a mass of 100 kg and a speed of 20 m/s hits the sandwich panel, causing the axial collapse of the sandwich panel. By obtaining the force-displacement diagram resulting from the collapse of the sandwich panel for each of the eight core states mentioned, the amount of energy absorbed and other indicators of the impact resistance of the sandwich panel, including the initial peak crushing force (IPCF), the average force (MCF), crushing force efficiency (CFE), and specific energy absorption (SEA). To validate the materials and simulations performed in this study, existing experimental and numerical research in this field was used. According to the results obtained from the simulation process of low-velocity impact on sandwich panels for different corrugated cores (eight states), it can be concluded that by increasing the number of waves and the amplitude of the cross-sectional area function of corrugated cores, the amount of energy absorbed and the impact capability evaluation indices also increase, so that among the eight states of the aluminum corrugated core, the core with amplitude A = 2.5 mm and wave number N = 10 has the highest energy absorbed and the highest values ??of the impact capability evaluation indices compared to other corrugated cores.

In this thesis, the upsetting process of bimetallic sheets has been analyzed by the force balance method and simulated by the finite element method. The upper and lower dies are cylindrical and have equal radii. The width of the sheets is large compared to their thickness, and therefore it is assumed that the process is carried out in a plane strain state. The bimetallic sheet is composed of a combination of two sheets of different materials, copper and aluminum. Copper due to its high electrical and thermal conductivity and aluminum due to its lightness and corrosion resistance, provide an attractive combination for industrial applications. In this process, as in other metal forming processes, predicting the geometry of the deformation zone and the forming force is important. To analyze the process by the force balance method, a free diagram of a slice of the sheets in the deformation zone is drawn and by writing the equilibrium and yield equations, the forming force in each press stroke is calculated. The analyses performed include examining the deformed dimensions of the sheets as well as the curve of the forming force changes in terms of the press stroke. In the next step, the upsetting process is simulated in the ABAQUS software environment. The material behavior of the two sheets is considered as rigid-plastic in the analysis and simulation. Also, the two sheets are completely bonded together at the beginning and this connection is maintained until the end of the process. The results of the force balance analysis, including the changes in the forming force in terms of the press stroke and the dimensions of the deformation zone, are compared with the simulation results. These comparisons show a good agreement between the results. Considering the unique properties of both metals, the results of this research can have wide applications in various industries such as automotive, aerospace and electronics. For example, in the automotive industry, the use of bimetallic compounds can lead to weight reduction and increased fuel efficiency.   

  Due to the wide application of composite materials and nanocomposites in industry, in this thesis the free vibration of trapezoidal nanocomposite reinforced by Montmorillonite nanoparticles with a fixed support was investigated. The oscillation frequency of the part in the state of free vibration is called the natural frequency, which is without the presence of an external force. Every object or system has its own natural frequency depending on factors such as mass, stiffness and shape. If the frequency of an external vibration applied to the system is equal or close to the natural frequency of the object, the phenomenon of resonance or resonance occurs. The four primary natural frequencies of the trapezoidal plate made of resin with different amounts of montmorillonite nanoparticles were calculated using Abaqus software, a

The aim of this research is to increase the efficiency of the photocatalyst composed of bismuth chromate and copper oxide along with reduced graphene oxide under visible light to remove phenol. Bismuth chromate has shown good activity as a promising photocatalyst in removing organic pollutants from aqueous solution; But due to the high rate of electron/hole recombination, it has been used less. To reduce the electron/hole recombination rate of this photocatalyst, there are several methods, including combining with other semiconductors, among the semiconductors, metal oxides have shown good performance. In this research, the combination of bismuth chromate and copper oxide along with reduced graphene oxide was prepared using hydrothermal synthesis method and ternary composite with different molar ratios. Among them, the composite had a better performance in removing phenol. By examining effective parameters such as catalyst dose, solution pH, initial concentration of phenol and determining optimal conditions including catalyst dose equal to 1mg/L, pH equal to 5 and initial concentration of phenol, the photocatalytic performance improved and the removal rate reached 97%. Using the results of XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX and UV-vis analysis, the optical and structural properties of the synthesized photocatalysts were checked, and the results indicate the correct and good synthesis of the photocatalysts and the higher photocatalytic performance of the ternary composite compared to other photocatalysts under visible radiation. This composite still shows good performance after 4 reuses. The ternary composite prepared in this research has a favorable performance for the photocatalytic decomposition of phenol pollutant under visible light irradiation.

   در اين پايان‌نامه، مدل تحليلي ارائه مي‌گردد كه ضربه سرعت پايين را روي ساندويچ پنل‌هاي كامپوزيتي مدور با رويه‌هاي تقويت شده با نانو لوله‌هاي كربني FG مدلسازي مي‌نمايد. در اين مدل تحليلي با مشخص بودن انرژي جنبشي اوليه ضربه زننده، نيروي تماسي در محل برخورد، ميزان تغيير شكل محل برخورد و برآوردي از ناحيه دچار عيب شده محاسبه مي‌گردد. ساندويچ پنل كامپوزيتي بصورت متقارن و مدور بوده و سطح ورق هاي كامپوزيتي آن از لايه‌هاي متقاطع تشكيل شده است. در اين مدل تحليلي، انرژي كششي غشايي شدن و نيز انرژي كرنش ايجاد خمش در رويه ها تعيين شده و هسته ساندويچ پنل بصورت هاني كمب و كاملاً پلاستيك در نظر گرفته شده است. همچنين، براي تعيين تاريخچه نيروي تماسي و تغيير شكل ساندويچ پنل از مدل جرم-فنر دو درجه آزادي استفاده شده است.معادلات حاكم بر مسئله با محاسبه انرژي پتانسيل، كار نيروي خارجي و انرژي جنبشي سيستم متشكل از ضربه زننده و ساندويچ پنل كامپوزيتي مدور در دستگاه مختصات قطبي استخراج گرديده و با استخراج معادلات حركت سيستم با مينيمم سازي انرژي سيستم معادلات حاكم بر مسئله حل مي‌گردد. براي حل معادلات حاكم بر مسئله از برنامه‌نويسي در نرم‌افزار متلب استفاده مي‌شود. در نهايت مدلسازي المان محدود از فرايند در نرم‌افزار آباكوس (ABAQUS) صورت مي‌گيرد و نتايج مدلسازي تحليلي با نتايج بدست آمده از شبيه سازي عددي با نرم‌افزار تحليلي آباكوس مقايسه مي‌گردد. مدل تحليلي ارائه شده در اين پايان نامه براي تحليل ضربه سرعت پايين بر روي ساندويچ پنل كامپوزيتي مدور با رويه‌هاي تقويت شده با نانو لوله‌هاي كربني FG با هسته هاني كمب از نوآوري‌هاي مطرح در اين پايان نامه است.

  Among different materials, polymers have found a special place in various engineering applications due to their lightness and other special properties. In order to overcome some of the weaknesses of polymers, they are made and used in the form of composites or nanocomposites. The expansion of polymer composite materials in industries requires the necessity of a detailed investigation of the properties of these materials under different loading conditions, including high speed impact resistance. One of the disadvantages of cured epoxy resin is its brittleness, which reduces its resistance to impact, to solve this problem. The problem is that curing agents are used in the resin. Common methods of curing polymers mainly reduce mechanical properties such as tensile strength. In this thesis, the effect of G-POSS nanostructure as a hardening agent and its effect on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin is investigated. , the effect of adding G-POSS nanoparticles on the mechanical and impact properties of pure epoxy and the combination of epoxy and carbon fibers is investigated experimentally, and the effect of adding different weight percentages of G-POSS nanoparticles on mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, yield stress and Tensile strength and elongation percentage and impact properties such as maximum contact force, contact time and dimensions of the damaged area of the crack in the laminated matrix are checked. Samples of these composite structures with different percentages of G-POSS nanoparticles with uniform distribution are made and tensile and impact tests are performed on the samples. . For this purpose, the mixing process is carried out in two stages, first for 12 hours at a temperature of 70 degrees Celsius using a magnetic stirrer and then for ten minutes the ultrasonic vibration method is used, then the composite samples reinforced with unidirectional carbon fibers are placed in the resin bed. Epoxy is prepared with GPOSS nanostructure added (0.5, 1 and 1.5% by weight of nanostructure was added to the resin). Tensile and low speed impact tests are performed on the samples. The results show that the best results of the impact test are obtained for the sample with 1.5% by weight of GPOSS, which indicates an increase of 26.7% in energy absorption, and the best results of the tensile test are obtained for the sample with 1% by weight of G-POSS, which is the result It is a 28% increase in tensile strength. Based on the results, it can be stated that G-POSS nanostructures are a suitable option for preparing nanocomposites with unique characteristics.

Despite the advantages of layered composites, due to low resistance to residual stresses and delamination under pressure High heat, their use is limited. Sandwich structures are suitable candidates for introducing composite materials They are advanced such as purpose graded materials (FGM) and composites reinforced with fibers. Therefore, in this research, Analytical investigation of sandwich beam reinforced by boron nitride nanotubes under thermal load to be For this purpose, in this research, for simulating the beam in MATLAB software, a single-headed Nimushenko beam was used in which the beam core is made of aluminum foam and the layers are made of 1161 aluminum plates with a purity of 99.2% in considered Also, Mori Tanaka's method was used to determine the properties of reinforced layers. and ultimate forces It is presented based on the Montanity model. According to the obtained results, the destruction force increases with the increase of core thickness but its increase rate is different according to the different conditions of the sandwich beam, so that in the thickness equal to the top At ambient temperature, the beam with reinforced top made of boron nitride nanotubes has more resistance. force of destruction It has very little dependence on the thickness of the top. Also, the destruction force increases with the increase in the thickness of the layers, but the rate Its increase is different for different conditions of sandwich beam. In such a way that in the same thickness in the ambient temperature, the beam With a reinforced top made of boron nitride nanotubes, it has less changes. Also with increasing temperature The difference between the forces of destruction should be reduced.

   In this thesis, the effect of adding silica nanoparticles on the mechanical and impact properties in the combination of epoxy and fiberglass with needle-sheet composite fibers of particle fibers has been experimentally investigated and the effect of adding 3% by weight of nanosilica Mechanical properties including Young's modulus, tensile strength and elongation percentage and impact properties including maximum contact force, contact time and dimensions of the damaged area (cracks in the matrix and laminated) have been investigated and analyzed. Glass fibers are combined in sheet and needle form and a new composite sheet is made. The particle fibers are made of Mat material and were determined with the help of tensile tests, tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation. In fact, the goal has been to see what changes have been made in the Young's modulus and tensile strength as well as the elongation at break by adding a certain weight percentage of nanosilica in the said composite. In addition, based on the technique of artificial intelligence and using the combination of flight search algorithm and teaching-learning based algorithm, it has been used to train the fuzzy-adaptive neural inference network. In fact, the combination of the two mentioned algorithms was done because the flight search algorithm has a negative feature, and that is falling into the trap of local optima, but at the same time, it has a suitable convergence speed to achieve the optimal answer. In order to solve this problem, it was combined with another algorithm whose biggest advantage is its search power and not getting trapped in local optimal points. From the combination of these two algorithms, a hybrid algorithm was created which has two special advantages of proper convergence speed and necessary power to avoid getting trapped in local optimal points. This combined algorithm has been used to train the adaptive neural fuzzy inference network. Finally, the aforementioned combined network has been used to predict the mechanical and impact properties of the composite presented above.

  Metal pipes have been widely used in engineering structures for a long time. For example, pipes are used in the transfer of fluids such as oil and water or in the construction of bridges, masts, car chassis, airplanes, military industries, etc. Pipes are also used for torque transmission in cars, industrial equipment and deep well drilling rigs, etc. Therefore, due to the constant presence of metal pipes in various industries, it is sometimes necessary to change the geometrical dimensions of the cross-section of the pipe to suit the work duty by creating local deformations. In this thesis, the process of local lateral compression of thick-walled pipes has been investigated by two experimental methods and numerical simulation. In this process, the pipe is placed horizontally between the upper and lower molds. The molds are cylindrical and the axes of the molds and the tube are perpendicular to each other. To investigate the behavior of plastic deformation, two types of aluminum tubes with the same outer diameter and different inner diameter were selected and three similar samples were made from each type. The real stress behavior in terms of the real strain of the aluminum material was extracted from the simple tensile test. The tubes are placed horizontally on the lower fixed mold and plastically deformed by the upper mold which is connected to the moving part of the press machine. Then, the geometric dimensions of the deformed area of the tubes have been measured for different press courses. The geometric shape of the deformation zone and the experimental data of the deformation forces have been compared with the process simulation results in Abaqus software. Examining and comparing the results of two experimental and simulation methods revealed that the dimensions of the deformed area in both methods have a good match. The forming forces calculated by Abaqus software show slightly higher values than the experimental values, which can be considered a good validity for the data considering the conditions of the problem.

   با وجود ظهور تكنولوژي هاي نوين ساختماني، نوع و تركيب ديوار همواره محل بحث مشاوران و فعالان صنعت ساختمان مي باشد. مؤلفه هايي مانند مقاومت در برابر فشار باد، تاثير وزن ديوار بر اسكلت و رفتار آن در زمان وقوع زلزله و به تبع آن كاهش تلفات انساني، مقاومت در برابر حريق، ميزان جذب صوت، ميزان عايق حرارتي، سرعت اجرا و... همواره از چالش هاي ساختمان سازي بوده است. در اين تحقيق(آزمايش) هدف اين بود با توليد فايبر سمنت برد به روش پرسي ضمن كوتاه كردن خط توليد و همچنين آسان كردن روش توليد، هزينه توليد را با حفظ مشخصات نسبت به روش   هات چك   به ميزان قابل توجهي كاهش داد همچنين در اين   پژوهش صحت سنجي استفاده از شيشه   و مو به عنوان الياف و جك هاي 30 و 10 تني جهت پرس كردن در توليد صفحات سيماني مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. جهت ساخت نمونه هاي مختلف   فايبرسمنت برد، از سه مصالح ماسه، پودر سنگ و پوكه معدني بصورت جدا همراه با سيمان، آب ، الياف مو و شيشه استفاده شد كه نتيجه كلي بدين صورت بود كه استفاده از مو به عنوان الياف باعث كاهش مقاومت خمشي صفحات سيماني مي شود و الياف شيشه مقاومت خمشي صفحات   سيماني   را افزايش مي دهد. نتايج آزمون   تعيين مقاومت خمشي بر روي آزمونه ها، نشان مي دهد كه صفحات ساخته شده با تركيب سيمان، پوكه معدني رد شده از الك 14 والياف شيشه   ساخته شده با دستگاه پرس 30 تني الزامات استاندارد   EN 12467   را در رده مقاومتي 2 (مقاومت خمشي 8.26 مگا پاسكال در شرايط خشك) و صفحات ساخته شده با سيمان، پودر سنگ رد شده از الك 30 و الياف شيشه ساخته شده با دستگاه پرس 30 تني الزامات استاندارد EN 12467   را در رده مقاومتي 3( مقاومت خمشي 10.3 مگاپاسكال در شرايط خشك ) برآورده مي كنند.               

در اين پايان نامه، ضربه سرعت پايين روي لوله­ فلزي با پوشش كامپوزيتي الياف كربن پيچيده شده با پليمر(CFRP) با روش شبيه ­سازي عددي و با نرم ­افزار آباكوس مدلسازي شده است و مقدار نيروي تماسي، جابه­ جايي در راستاي شعاعي، تغيير شكل محل برخورد، كرنش پلاستيك، ميزان آسيب لوله فلزي و تنش در شرايط بارگذاري ضربه­ اي سرعت پايين محاسبه و مقايسه شده است. در اين پايان ­نامه در ابتدا براي صحه­ سنجي لوله كامپوزيتيCFRP   حاضر تحت ضربه سرعت پايين با نتايج تحليلي و اجزا محدود حاصل از كار هاي پيشين مورد مقايسه قرار گرفته است. سپس با استفاده از نرم ­افزار المان محدود لوله فلزي ساده و لوله فلزي با پوشش الياف كربن پيچيده شده با پليمر مدلسازي مي­گردد و معيار شكست مناسب جهت پيش بيني شكست ناشي از ضربه سرعت پايين بر روي نمونه مورد بحث به كار گرفته مي شود.نتايج به دست آمده نشان مي دهد كه لوله فلزي با پوشش CFRP بنا به جذب انرژي جنبشي ضربه ­زننده توسط لايه كامپوزيتي داراي تغيير شكل ، تنش ،آسيب كمتري نسبت به لوله فلزي ساده مي­باشد و نيز در حالتي كه پوشش كامپوزيتي بر روي لوله قرار مي گيرد به صورت موضعي نيروي تماسي در لايه كامپوزيتي افزايش خواهد يافت و اين مهم باعث مي شود كه مقدار انرژي وارد به لوله فولادي كاهش يابد. نتايج مويد آن است كه در لوله فلزي ساده در اثر ضربه سرعت پايين ناحيه گسترده­ تري دچار تغييرشكل پلاستيك نسبت به لوله فلزي با پوشش كامپوزيتي مي­شود.

  Thin-walled metal tubes filled with metal foam are used as new energy absorbers in low velocity impacts, which bend and crush by absorbing the energy caused by the impact and absorb the impactor's kinetic energy. In this research, the analysis of low speed impact on circular tubes filled with metal foam and determining the amount of energy absorption due to the impact has been done. For this purpose, ABAQUS finite element software has been used and the modeling results have been compared with the results of the reference article in the litereture and the accuracy of the modeling has been ensured. In the following, 10 different models are considered for the impact of the impactor on the pipe. The results of stress, plastic strain, displacement force diagram, dimensionless displacement force diagram and absorbed energy have been extracted and discussed. The parameters investigated in this research are the pipe radius, pipe thickness, pipe length, impact point, foam effect and pipe material. By examining the results, it was found that by increasing the radius and thickness of the pipe and by decreasing the free length of the pipe, the amount of absorbed energy increases and the impact performance of the pipe improves. It was also determined that the amount of energy absorbed due to impact in the tube filled with foam is 5 times the energy absorbed in the tube without foam. In the following, by coding in MATLAB software, the values of local dentingin the first to fifth models were investigated and the results obtained were compared with the results of finite elements. It was found that the average difference of the results obtained for local displacement from finite element modeling and analytical equations is 3.5

در اين پايان نامه به بررسي خواص مكانيكي نانو كامپوزيت تابعي اپوكسي تقويت شده با نانو ذرات سيليس پرداخته شده است. در بسياري از كاربرد هاي مهندسي مواد مركب به دليل مزايايي چون استحكام وسختي به وزن زياد، مقاومت خستگي، مقاومت خوردگي و به ويژه خواص ضربه اي مناسب به طور گسترده مورد استفاده قرار مي گيرند. در سال هاي اخير استفاده از نانو مواد بهمنظور افزايش خواص مكانيكي مورد توجه قرار گرفته است . نانو ذرات سيليس به عنوان پر كننده پوششي براي تهيه تقويت كننده هاي نانو كامپوزيتي پايه اپوكسي استفاده مي شود. جهت بررسي عملكرد تاثير ميزان نانو ذرات سيليس نمونه هايي با درصد هاي وزني مختلف با توزيع يكنواخت و همچنين نمونه با توزيع تابعي ساخته شده است . در ادامه نمونه ها تحت آزمايش تست كشش قرار گرفته و نتايج حاصل از آن جهت بررسي خواص مكانيكي از جمله مدول يانگ ، چقرمگي و... مورد تحليل   قرار گرفته است. همچنين با تهيه عكس هاي SEM كيفت ساخت ونحوه توزيع مناسب نانو ذرات سيليس مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. با توجه به بررسي عكس ها، آگلومره شدن يا كلوخه شدن ذرات در نمونه هاي با توزيع يكنواخت مشخص شده ودر نمونه تابعي نيز ميزان پيوستگي مرزلايه ها مشخص گرديده است. همچنين در بررسي تحليلي اين تحقيق از نرم افزار آباكوس استفاده شده است . در اين نرم افزار پس ازتعريف خصوصيات نانو كامپوزيت تقويت شده با نانو ذرات سيليس و مش بندي لازم به تجزيه و تحليل نتايج آزمايش تست كشش پرداخته شده است. در پايان، نتايج بدست آمده از مدلسازي با نرم افزار آباكوس با نتايج تجربي مقايسه گرديده و دقت آن مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. در بررسي نتايج بهبود خواص مكانيكي مشاهده مي شود، با افزايش درصد وزني نانو ذرات سيليس ميزان مدول يانگ افزايش مي يابد.مقدار مدول يانگ نمونه تابعيكه خود تركيبي از نمونه هاي با درصد هاي وزني يكنواخت مي باشد، نسبت به نمونه هاي با توزيع يكنواخت بيشتر است. در بررسي مقدارچقرگي، نمونه تابعي مقداري بيش از هريكاز نمونه هاي با توزيع يكنواخت دارد و نتايج حاصل از چقرمگي در هر دو حالت تجربي ومدلسازي اختلاف جزيي دارند.   

  In this thesis, the dynamic response of sandwich beams with carbon nanotube-reinforced surfaces and foam cores on a viscoelastic foundation under low-velocity vertical impact in the middle of the upper surface is investigated. In this research, an analytical model for nonlinear modeling is presented to calculate the amount of central Deflection and Contact Force. Beam is a sandwich panel with a nanotube composite surface and a foam core. Using the strain-displacement and stress-strain relationships and using the conditions of compatibility in between core and sheets, the displacement field of the core is determined. To model the impact force, the two degree of freedom model is used, and the Hamiltonian principle is used to determine the equations governing the problem. In order to validate the results of the analysis, the results of previous studies and numerical simulation with Abaqus software have been used. For the sandwich beam, the effect of the parameters of velocity and mass of impactor, modulus of elasticity of the core and thickness of the core on the Contact force and Central Deflection has been investigated. For beam sandwiches, increasing the mass and velocity of impactor , modulus of elasticity of the core increases the central Deflection and contact force, and also increasing the thickness of the core decreases the Central Deflection and contact force.

  Forging is one of the volumetric forming processes that has been used in the past centuries as an important process in metal forming. In this process, like other metal forming processes, it is important to calculate the force and pressure required to form the part. This dissertation deals with the experimental and numerical study of the forging process of bimetallic rod open molds with flat top and bottom molds. The bimetallic rod consists of a solid cylinder made of copper and a hollow cylinder made of aluminum. The solid cylinder is driven by a press inside the hollow cylinder. Four bimetallic rods with geometric dimensions and the same materials have been made and tested. The rods are placed horizontally between the steel flat molds and are subjected to various heights with laboratory conditions (electric test temperature 24 ° C, no lubricant used between surfaces and the movement speed of the upper mold 0.5 mm / min) by electric press. And force-displacement diagrams of the samples are recorded. A simple tensile test was used to determine the mechanical properties of copper and aluminum materials. The results of the analysis are compared with the data obtained from the finite element method (Abacus software). The purpose of this dissertation is to study and research on the ratio of the effect of height change on the dimensions of the workpiece and the shaping force. The results showed that there is an acceptable agreement between analytical predictions and simulation results so that in the rate of change of diameters less than 10% of the diameter of the original rod, the forces and cross-sectional dimensions of the deformed rod resulting from the simulation and experimental data are well consistent. And the error rate is less than 1%.

In this thesis, a new analytical model is presented that models low-velocity impact on sandwich beams with glare facesheets and foam core and predicts impact damage. The upper and lower facesheets of the beam under study are composed of several layers of fiber-metal composite of Glare type. The mass and spring model is used to simulate the global deformation of the sheet and the Hertz contact law is used to analyze the crushing of the impact site due to impact. By calculating the elastic energy of the facesheets, the energy expended in the crushing of the core and the work of the external force, the potential energy of the system is calculated and by minimizing it, the contact force is calculated as a function of the crushing of the collision site. The governing equations of the problem are solved numerically-analytically and the contact force, global deformation and crushing of the collision site are calculated as a function of time. Then, to investigate and determine the damage conditions in the composite beam, the threshold forces to create the upper facesheet Delamination (separation of the aluminum layer from the fiber layer) and the threshold force to create debonding (separation of the core from the facesheet) are calculated and the damage conditions been investigated. To validate the analytical model, the results of the analytical model are compared with the results of process simulation with Abaqus software (excluding collision damage). In the next step, the parametric analysis of the analytical model is performed in which the effect of change in mass and impact velocity, the effect of changing the material of facesheets (comparison of composite facesheet with Glare facesheet) and the effect of changing core thickness on contact force and beam displacement are investigated. Finally, the effect of facesheet thickness on the load threshold of laminating and debonding damage has been investigated.   

Rolling is a process in which mostly flat rods are inserted between two rollers and due to the pressure caused by the rollers, they decrease in thickness and improve their properties. In this research, rolling rod with square cross-sectional area, by laboratory methods and finite elements, for 36 samples, with cross-sectional area sides of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 mm; Roller diameter of 64 mm, two types of aluminum and construction steel and deformation percentages of 10, 15 and 20% were investigated. The results of the two methods differed slightly by less than ten percent and therefore their reliability was proven. The result is that the hardness of the material requires more torque and force to roll, while also maintaining a better cross-sectional area. Increasing the diameter of the roller causes more torque and the vertical force applied to it does not change, while the square cross section is more deformed and moves towards a rectangle. Changing the dimensions of the specimen, provided that the percentage change in their thickness is constant, has no effect on the torque and force of the roller, but the larger dimensions of the rod are more likely to distort the shape of the square cross-section. The higher the percentage deformation of the cross section, the more force and torque required for rolling, and the proportionality of the square sides of the cross section is disturbed. Therefore, in the percentage of small deformations, the tendency to maintain the square shape is more.  

Abstract This dissertation investigates and simulates the process of forging the open mold in cold condition and the billet with a round cross section. The billet is placed horizontally on the lower V-shaped mold and is subjected to compressive force with the upper mold which is flat. The billet is long, so the deformation is assumed to be a plate strain. The bottom mold is fixed and the top mold moves down. For a given upper template displacement, a deformation model is proposed in which it is assumed that the original center moves downward and the free deformation regions are formed as arcs with the new center. Based on the principle of incompressibility, a relationship is obtained between the two radii of the free deformation regions. Based on the symmetry in the figure, the deformed areas are divided into three parts, in which the free diagram is drawn using the force balance method and the selection of the appropriate element. By writing the equations of governance equilibrium and the equation of yield, a differential equation is created which, by solving it, will give a relation for calculating the forming force at each decrease in height. Using the equilibrium equations of incompressibility, the radii of the free arcs are calculated based on force minimization. Next, using Deform software, the process in question is simulated and the values ??of the radii and the contact width of the deformed section are changed, as well as the required forming force curve according to the press rate. The geometric values of the deformed cross section resulting from the analysis and simulation of the process are compared. The geometric values of the deformed cross section resulting from the analysis and simulation of the process are compared. ... Geometric quantities deformed sections of analysis and process simulation were compared with each other. ... «نتايج كامل» بار نشد امتحان مجدد درحال تلاش مجدد… درحال تلاش مجدد… Also, the shaping force curve obtained from this software is compared with the analytical results. Comparison of the results has shown that the analytical and simulation values are well matched. The results show that increasing the low mold angle increases the forming force Also, increasing the friction constant will increase the forming force. In other words, at a zero degree angle of the mold, the friction constant has no effect on the forming force, but at other angles, the friction constant affected the forming force.The results show that increasing the low mold angle increases the forming force.   

Forging is one of the bulk metalforming processes that has been used in the past centuries as an importantprocess in metal forming. An important point in forging processes is tocalculate the force and pressure required to form the piece.in this dissertation, the process ofopen die forging of a long billet with a circular cross section is analyzed andsimulated. The analysis has been done in two ways, the slab method and thebased on which the equations governing the slab method can be expressed andupper bound method. In the slab method, first a deformation model is presentedfinally the force required to perform the process is calculated.in order to analyze the process by theupper bound method, the deformed material is divided into three regions. Theseareas are separated by shear boundaries. The deformation model in this methodnot solvable, but in the analysis, this equation is solved by force optimization.is expressed by a two-unknown equation. In normal conditions, this equation isIn the first region, the Cartesian coordinate system is used, and in theof matter in this region. Then an allowable velocity field containinganalysis of the second region, the cylindrical coordinate system is used. Thethird region is modeled as the dead region, meaning that there is no movementmathematical relationships are obtained for the expressions of internal, shearhorizontal and normal components for the first region and an allowable velocityfield containing radial and peripheral components for the first and secondestimated.deformation zones are developed. Strain rate components are calculated andand frictional powers. By calculating the powers and optimizing the force, thegeometric shape as well as the force required to perform the process isThe results of the analysis arecompared with the data obtained from the finite element method (Deformsoftware). The results showed that there is an acceptable correlation betweenanalytical predictions and simulation results. Also, the constant effect ofsolution can be used in industrial applications to evaluate the load requiredfriction on small deformations on the amount of force is negligible. Thisissue to choose a deformation device with sufficient capacity.

Abstract:       Nowadays, the spiralwelded pipes (SWPs) are widely used in oil and gas industry. submerged arc welding (SAW) is the most common method for welding thick pipes, especially spiral pipes.The most important disadvantage of spiral pipes is the presence of high of the pipe and contributes to destructive phenomena in the pipe such as stress corrosion crackingresidual stress that are produced during the manufacturing process. Residual stress reduces the strength (SCC). In the recent years, the trend of using finite due to its good accuracy and low cost.element simulations to investigate residual stress has increased significantly In this study, doublesubmerged arc welding (DSAW) of X70 spiral pipe issimulated using finite element software ABAQUS and the residual stress and distortionare investigated. The heat source is modeled as a moving volumetric heat source using DFLUX subroutine and in FORTRAN language. The thermophysical and mechanical properties of X70using the double elipsoidal Goldak model. The application of heat flux in ABAQUS indirect and thermal and mechanical analyzes are performed separately. The finalsteel are temperature dependent. The finite element solution method is also temperaure of thermal analyzes is used as the initial load in the mechanical prevent damages of pipe, it should be reduced. In the final section of thisanalysis. By reviwing the simulation results, it was found that the tensile residual stress has attained high values around welded areas ??and in order to distortion. By comparing the residual stress of the simulation and the experimentalthesis, the hydrostatic test of pipe was simulated and the results showed that the hydrostatic test significantly reduced the residual stress values ??and results.results, it was found that the simulation is in good agreement with experimental       Keywords: Distortion, Residual stress, SubmergedArc Welding, Spiral Welded Pipes   

Abstract During the past recent years, application of composite material has been taken into account considerably in different industries because of their significant properties including high strength over low weight. Hence, composite material reinforcement is necessary due to their low strength in comparison with metals and alloys. In this way, nanostructures have been taken into consideration according to their prominent and exceptional mechanical, thermal, chemical and electrical properties. Graphene platelet is one of the novel nanostructures in which is investigated as a proper reinforcement for composite structures with their unique properties. In the present thesis, analytical modeling of the low velocity impact on graphene platelet-reinforced composite plates are considered. The material properties of nanoplatelet reinforced composites are estimated using micromechanical models. The equations of motion are based on a first- order shear deformation theory via a mass-spring contact model in order to modeling of low velocity impact loading on a rectangular plate. The equations of motion are solved with Fourier series which is an accurate solution method. The effects of material property gradient, initial velocity of the impactor, volume fraction distribution and length to width ratio on impact response of plate structures are presented. For presented analytical modeling, contact force, deflection, and strain and stress fields are considered, and as a validation the results of contact force and deflection are compared with analytical modeling of other researchers. The results exhibited that, volume fraction distribution has a notable effect on the impact response of the plate. Key words: composite plates- graphene platelet- low velocity impact.

در اين مطالعه كاتاليست نيكل-آهن بر پايه آلومينا در ريفرمينگ خشك متان در ميكرو راكتورها به منظور بررسي نحوه عملكرد كاتاليست و دستييابي به نقطه بهينه كاتاليست انجام گرفته است. 

   اين حقيقت كه زلزله، خرابي گسترده‌اي در نواحي خاص و خرابي‌هاي جزئي در ديگر نقاط بوجود مي‌آورد، مويد اهميت اثرات محلي ساختگاه مي‌باشد. اثر چينه‌شناسي محلي و مورفولوژي محلي بر شدت حركت زمين و آسيب زلزله، سالهاي زيادي است كه توسط محققين مورد توجه قرارگرفته است. مصالح لايه سطحي زمين از سنگ بستر تا آبرفت تشكيل شده از مصالح درشت‌دانه و ريزدانه در مقابل امواج لرزه‌زا واكنش‌هاي متفاوتي دارند. رسوبات سست و نرم عموما بيش از سنگ‌هاي سخت، دامنه ارتعاشات را افزايش مي‌دهند. علاوه بر آن هندسه يا اثرات توپوگرافي ساختگاه مي‌تواند عامل مهمي در بزرگنمايي و يا كوچك‌نمايي ارتعاشات ناشي از زلزله باشد. بنابراين اثرات ساختگاهي مي‌تواند تاثير بسزايي بر كليه مشخصات مهم حركت نيرومند زمين از جمله دامنه، محتواي فركانسي و مدت زمان حركت نيرومند داشته باشد. لذا تعيين اثرساختگاه به عنوان يكي از مهمترين مراحلي كه بايد در مطالعات ريزپهنه‌بندي و طراحي سازه‌هاي مقاوم در برابر زلزله انجام گيرد شناخته مي‌شود؛ همچنين تلاش براي پيدانمودن مناسب‌ترين روش جهت كاهش خطرات ناشي از آن وظيفه يك مهندس زلزله يا ژئوتكنيك است. امروزه كاملا آشكار است كه اثرات ساختگاهي دو و سه‌بعدي، پاسخ لرزه‌اي سطح زمين و توزيع خسارت ناشي از زمين‌لرزه را به شدت تحت تاثير قرار مي‌دهد، اما برخلاف روشن شدن اهميت اثرات ساختگاهي چند‌بعدي در اغلب آيين‌نامه‌هاي طراحي مقاوم در برابر زلزله؛ هنوز تنها اثرات ساختگاهي يك‌بعدي كه بيانگر خصوصيات ژئوتكنيكي ساختگاه و عدم درنظر‌گيري اثر خصوصيات هندسي و توپوگرافي است را در پارامتر‌هاي حركت لرزه‌اي زمين مورد توجه قرار مي‌گيرند. در اين پژوهش علاوه بر مطالعات ميداني انجام شده، به منظور درك واقعي اثرساختگاه بر ميزان خرابي منطقه‌فولادي و مسكن‌مهر، واقع در بخش غربي شهرستان سرپل‌ذهاب براي نخستين بار پس از زلزله مخرب و تاريخي   آبان ، 9 گمانه شناسايي تا عمق متري، جهت شناسايي ژئوتكنيكي مسير، حفاري، و ساختار زيرسطحي زمين به طول تقريبي 300 متر در هر منطقه و(منطقه فولادي در دو راستا) به عمق

  Determination of residual stresses and distortion infriction stir welded 2024 Aluminum alloy by ALEnumerical simulation

هستند.  

سوپرآلياژها،آلياژهايي پركاربرد در صنايع استراتژيك هستند كه سختي و مقاومت بالا،ماشينكاري آنها را با مشكلاتي همراه كرده است.ارايه شيوه اي تركيبي براي پرداخت نهايي سطح سوپرآلياژها و رسيدن به صافي سطح مناسبتر، هدفي است كه به آن پرداخته شده است.

Thermal   vibrations of composite beams reinforced by Boron Nitride nonotubes

Analysis of wire drawing process with free deformation zone

  Sandwich structures are now widely used in aircraft, industry, rocket, marine, and medical industries due to its advantages such as high strength, lightness and crack-resistant properties. For this purpose, in this dissertation, analytical modeling and numerical simulation of the low velocity shock load on the sandwich beams with thick core and metallic procedures are carried out. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to obtain the process of high plastic deformation based on the strengths of the sandwich core, as well as the calculation of the transverse displacement of the lower sandwich of the beam under the influence of elastic vibration. In the analytic modeling model, using the Galerkin method, the equations governing the height, velocity and acceleration of the sandwich beam are extracted. Further, for analytical modeling of the low velocity shock load on the beams sandwich, matlab software is used as well as numerical simulation of this process using Abkhus software. In analytical modeling and numerical simulation, three locations are considered for applying sandwich blow times. These three locations are 30 cm from the free end of the beam, in the middle of the beam, and 30 cm from the sandwich support axis, respectively. In the results section, a comparison of the final upper extremity profiles for the three places of impact loading was compared for analytical modeling and numerical simulation. In the next section, the comparison of the high degree of deviation in mass and the various impact velocities for the three locations of impact loads has been compared for analytical modeling and numerical simulation. Finally, the comparison of the effect of the core strength, the effect of the impact mass and the effect of the pickup width on the shape of the final profile on the sandwich of the beam for the three places of impact load was compared.

  AbstractDuring the rolling process, the thickness of the metal sheet decreases through the space between the two rolls. Depending on the geometric and physical conditions, this process is categorized in both symmetric and asymmetric rolling. In the asymmetric rolling process, rolls radiuses, their environmental velocity, or frictional conditions between the upper and lower roll of the metal sheet may not be the same. The most important advantage of this process is that of symmetrical mode, reducing torque and reducing the force between rolls, and the most important adverse effect that may occur in this process is the curvature exiting and bending of the sheet when leaving the deformation region. In this thesis, the process of asymmetric cold rolling metal sheet has been studied analytically and numerically. In the analysis, the upper bound method is used. The rigid plastic material has been assumed and the contact arches of the rolls by a sheet have been replaced with a chord like them. The deformation area is divided into three regions and by providing a velocity field for each region, Shear, friction, internal deformation and total power are calculated. The effect of asymmetric factors such as the   roll radius ratio, the different angular velocities of the rolls, the non-uniformity of the friction conditions of the sheet with the upper and lower rolls on the total power and torque, the rolls separating force, and the radius of curvature of the output sheet have been investigated. Numerical analysis of the asymmetric cold rolling process has been done with the help of Deform software, which is very efficient in the field of forming. In order to optimize the process, in the software environment, a program has been written that minimizing the total power of the process and after implementation of the optimal parameters of the process in this process, which is optimized for these optimal solutions, the amount of rolling power is minimized. In the end, the results of the analysis were compared with the analytical and experimental results of other researchers, and the results of the simulation of finite element as well as experimental results. Comparisons of this analysis with experimental values indicate that the analysis carried out in this thesis, in most cases, predict the problems better than those of other researchers. Finally, with the confidence of the present method, the role of the above mentioned parameters is investigated with the aid of upper bound analysis and the effect of angular velocity, rolls radius, and upper and lower rolls friction factor, the percentage reduction of thickness and initial thickness of the input sheet are investigated.Keywords: Asymmetric rolling, upper bound analysis, plain strain.

شبيه سازي رشد ترك در چدن نشكن آستمپر شده تحت سايش خستگي

  Iran has a large volume of bitumen mines, especially in Kermanshah province. The purpose of this study is to remove ash and sulfur pyrite from the bitumen by leaching with sulfuric acid (as pretreatment) followed by flotation. This process is performed to produce high-quality bitumen and use of more than 160 applications of this mineral in various industries. In order to determine the optimal conditions and evaluation of effective leaching parameters, 27 experiments were designed by using a central composite design by considering four factors including acid concentration, temperature, and time, and stirring rate at three levels as follows; atmospheric pressure, particle size of 200 mesh and solid- to -liquid ratio) S/L) of 0.2gml-1. The intervals considered for independent parameters were including acid concentration (10-30 v/v%), leaching temperature (30-90?), stirring rate (0-1000rpm), and leaching time (30-90 min). The obtained experimental data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In addition, the second-order regression model was estimated as the most suitable model with respect to the 99% confidence level for analyzing the responses. Based on statistical model, the maximum removal of ash and pyritic sulfur were obtained in acid concentration of 29.57 v/v %, temperature of 89.98°C, stirring speed of 977.10 rpm and the time 89.74min. Following confirmation tests, 63. 52% ash removal and 38.82% pyrite removal were obtained in these conditions. stirring speed and temperature were the most effective parameters for the ash removal process and removal of pyritic sulfur, respectively. All parameters had a positive effect on the removal process.  flotation test was subsequently carried out in two conditions, as follows: The first was conducted on primitive bitumen sample and the second state stage was performed on bitumen sample in optimal conditions (effect of leaching was considered as pretreatment). The flotation test was conducted under following operating conditio   the collector amount of 1kg / t bitumen, foaming amount of 50 g / tbitumen, pulp equal to 5% of solid, pH =7, the particle size of 200 mesh and the flotation time of 3min based on the ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure.   In the first state, 42.3% of ash and 48.1% of sulfur pyrite (33.6 % of total sulfur) were removed while 79.4% and 57.6% (42.15%) removal of ash and pyrite (removal of total sulfur) were achieved in the second state, respectively. With regards to previous papers and the correlation of experimental data, the removal of pyrite follows a second-order kinetic model. A second-order regression model is consistent with the experimental data, due to the high value of adjusted determination coefficient (0.9752) and its proximity to the determination coefficient (0.9828).

طراحي و ساخت ماشين نورد نامتقارن ورق هاي فلزي

تحليل بار ضربه اي روي تيرهاي ضخيم ساخته شده از مواد هدفمند با در نظر گرفتن ميدان دمايي

  هدف از انجام اين پژوهش بررسي رفتار استاتيكي و ديناميكي يك استوانه‏ پيزوالكتريك تحت بارگذاري‏ها و شرايط مرزي متنوع مي‏باشد. كه فرض شده است خواص اين استوانه با استفاده از قانون تواني توزيع مواد به صورت تدريجي و پيوسته هم در راستاي شعاعي و هم در راستاي محوري تغيير مي‏كند. پيزوالكتريك‏هاي PZT-4، PZT-8، PZT-5A و PZT-5H به عنوان پايه‏هاي تشكيل دهنده اين استوانه در نظر گرفته شده‏اند. منظور از تحليل رفتار استاتيكي بررسي كمانش سازه تحت بار حرارتي مي‏باشد و منظور از تحليل رفتار ديناميكي بدست آوردن فركانس‏هاي طبيعي و مود شيپ‏ها تحت ارتعاشات آزاد و بدست آوردن ميدان جابجايي و الكتريكي استوانه تحت ارتعاشات اجباري مي‏باشد. در اين پژوهش براي استخراج معادلات ديناميكي حاكم بر ارتعاشات استوانه از اصل هميلتون و براي حل معادلات و بدست آوردن ميدان جابجايي و پتانسيل الكتريكي از تركيب روش تحليلي و روش المان محدود طيفي استفاده شده است. بدين صورت است كه براي تغييرات در راستاي   از بسط فوريه به عنوان يك روش تحليلي و براي تغييرات در راستاي   و   از روش المان محدود طيفي به عنوان يك روش عددي استفاده شده است. اين روش امكان تحليل سه‏بعدي سازه را فراهم كرده است. علاوه بر اين با وجود بزرگ نبودن تغيير شكل‏ها، براي ديدن اثرات حرارتي در ماتريس سختي از تئوري الاستيسيته سه بعدي غيرخطي براي بيان رابطه بين كرنش و ميدان جابجايي استفاده شده است. و براي حل معادلات ديفرانسيلي مربوط به ارتعاشات اجباري نيز از روش نيومارك استفاده شده است كه در مساله ارتعاشات اجباري، دمپينگ رايلي براي سازه در نظر گرفته شده است. در نهايت نيز در هر مرحله تاثير پارامترهاي مختلفي مانند ضخامت استوانه، شاخص‏هاي قانون تواني مواد، بار حرارتي و انواع مختلف شرايط مرزي بر رفتار ارتعاشاتي سازه بررسي شده است. نتايج بدست آمده نشان مي‏دهند كه با افزايش شاخص‏هاي قانون تواني فركانس‏هاي طبيعي سازه افزايش مي‏يابد و با افزايش ضخامت سازه نيز سختي سازه و فركانس‏هاي طبيعي آن بيشتر مي‏شود. بيشتر شدن سختي سازه موجب افزايش دمپينگ رايلي مي‏گردد و بيشتر شدن دمپينگ رايلي نيز باعث كوچكتر شدن زمان نوسانات مي‏شود. از طرف متغير بودن خواص در طول سازه، موجب مي‏شود كه منحني‏هاي جابجايي و پتانسيل الكتريكي ديگر به شكل متقارن نباشند. علاوه براين نتايج نشان مي‏دهند كه اگر بارگذاري از حالت متقارن خارج شود، مودهاي پادمتقارن نيز در سازه به وجود خواهند آمد و حتي ممكن است كه سازه دچار پيچخوردگي شود و تاب بردارد. نمودارهاي مربوط به اثر بار حرارتي نيز نشان مي‏دهند كه با افزايش دما سازه، فركانس‏هاي طبيعي آن كاهش مي‏يابند.

شبيه سازي فرآيند نورد نامتقارن ورق هاي فلزي به روش اجزائ محدود

<  gt;پيش بيني وقوع عيوب مركزي در فرآيند اكستروژن ميله</P>

بررسي عددي روش هاي مختلف استهلاك انرژي جريان پايين دست شيب شكن هاي واقع در كانال هاي باز

Recently, in the oil and refining industry, due to improving product quality and the decrease of environmental pollution, purification of fossil fuels from sulfur compounds is very important. Therefor, in this study we investigated performance of ZSM-5 supported molybdenum oxide catalyst in oxidative desulfurization. The main purpose of this research is study of support structure, molybdenum loading and operating conditions. we synthesized   ZSM-5 by two different methods, direct and seed silicate-1 by varying the Si/Al molar ratio at a constant Mo concentration of 3wt%.   The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2-physisorption, FT-IR, FESEM. Our results indicated that   3% molybdenum oxide  upported  on ZSM-5 with Si/Al molar ratio of 15 and 20 compared to other catalysts are very active in oxidative desulfurization .The conversion percentage of these catalysts are nearly%80.Then,we investigated a series of zeolite supported molybdenum  oxide catalysts with Mo loading ranging from 3 to 15 wt% and Si/Al molar ratio of 15,20. Among Synthesized catalysts 6% molybdenum oxide  upported  on ZSM-5(15) and 10% molybdenum oxide  upported  on ZSM-5(20) have a high performance. eventually, 6% molybdenum oxide  upported  on ZSM-5(15) was investigated by Box-Behnken design. The Box-Behnken design showed that the optimum values for the conversion of DBT were 67?C (oxidation temperature), 0/04g (catalystamount),8 (O/S molar ratio) and 41/78 (Reaction time)   respectively. In addition, the catalyst shows excellent reusing ability. The results shawed slight decrease in performance of catalyst after four times regeneration.   

    تحليل رفتار مكانيكي ميكرو- سازه‌ها به‌‌عنوان يكي از اجزاي اساسي سيستم‌هاي نانو-ميكرو الكترومكانيك از اهميت خاصي در بين محققين رشته مهندسي مكانيك برخوردار مي‌باشد. در اين راستا، ميكرو‌-تيرها در سيستم‌هاي ميكرو-نانو مانند: ميكرو‌پمپ‌ها، ميكرو‌آينه‌ها و ميكرو‌سنسور‌ها نقش مهمي را ايفا مي‌نمايند. با توجه به مطالب ذكر شده تحليل رفتار ميكرو سازه‌هاي ساخته شده از مواد تابعي براي طراحي دقيق و مناسب از اهميت فوق العاده‌اي برخوردار مي‌باشد. از مهمترين پارامترهاي طراحي داده‌هاي مربوط به آناليز ارتعاشات آزاد و اجباري سازه هاي مي‌باشد. همچنين براي انجام تحليل مناسب و حاصل شدن نتايج دقيق‌تر بايد همزمان از يكي از   تئوري‌هاي محيط پيوسته غيركلاسيك و مدل تغيير شكل برشي استفاده نمود. هدف اصلي پايان نامه تحليل و بررسي تاثير گراديان حرارت بر روي تير كامپوزيتي تقويت شده با نانو لوله هاي نيتريد بور مي­باشد.كه تير موردنظر بر اساس تير تيمو شنكو مدل سازي شده وقوانين حاكم بر اين تير براي حل اين مساله كمك گرفته شده است.در اين پايان نامه مقدار خيز وتنش و كرنش   محوري و برشي بررسي شده است وبا افزيش درصدجرمي نانولوله هاي نيتريد بور مقدار خيز تير كاهش يافت همچنين تاثير پارامترهاي همچون، نحوه‌ي توزيع نانولوله در راستاي ضخامت تير، شرايط مرزي مختلف ونسبت لاغري تير بر روي جابه‌جايي و تنش بررسي شده است و نتايج بدست آمده نشان مي‌دهد كه تغيير هر كدام از اين پارامترها تاثير بسزايي بر روي جابه‌جايي و تنش دارد.                 واژگان كليدي: مكانيك محيط پيوسته غير‌كلاسيك، تير، تئوري تنش برشي ،گراديان حرارتي.

Current design of Geo­ synthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) walls, shows that the horizontal deformations in the walls increases rapidly with height. To take advantage of both the aesthetics and the economics of GRS walls while considering high heights, multi-tiered walls are often used. In this context, 12 models of the walls were constructed and their performance was determined under static loading. This study presents a series of model tests on the GRS walls in a tiered configuration, to evaluate the effects of factors, including the offset distance between adjacent tiers and number of tiers, on the lateral displacements of the wall facing and ultimate bearing capacities of the strip footings on the multi-tiered GRS walls. The ultimate bearing capacity and wall deflection can be significantly improved by increasing the number of tiers wall and increase of tier-offset. Interaction between the upper and lower walls significantly influences the tier-offset, and the interaction between the walls, significantly increase in the horizontal deformation in the wall face for the upper wall. With an increase in the offset distance, the lateral displacement decreased significantly, particularly in the upper tier. The experimental results showed that, the Performance in Four layers of reinforcement, and two tier walls, the optimum offset distance obtained for D/H= 0.35. When the offset becomes significantly large, each tier functions independently.  KeywordsGeogrid, Retaining walls, Multi-tiered configuration, offset distance    

...

مدلسازي تحليلي بار ضربه اي سرعت پايين روي صفحات ساندويچي مدور گلار – فوم

  Growing consumption of petroleum hydrocarbons increased the potential of contamination of soil at extraction, tra  ortation, refining and utilization stages. Most of hydrocarbons such as poly aromatic compounds are toxic for living cells, and with kill of natural microscopic organisms remain for long time in the soil without alteration.In situ treatment methods are time consuming and expensive. So, application of trickle phase bioreactor is suggested for treatment of contaminated soil. However, the main drawback in the bioreactor is high power requirement for mixing of soil-water-air mixture. In this study and in respect to decrease of energy requirement, the process is performed at two stages. First, extraction of hydrocarbon from contaminated soil was performed by a biosurfactant solution, and then biodegradation of hydrocarbons were carried out by packed bed bioreactor. Application of biological surface active agent or biosurfactant for enhancement of hydrocarbon extraction form soil is prefer than the organic solvent or alkali solution treatments in biodegradability and non-toxicity. In this study, a sophorolipid produced by Candida catenulata yeast was used to extract hydrocarbons from a polluted soil collected from Naft Shahr oil-field.   The effects of operational parameters consisted concentration of biosurfactant, temperature and agitation speed were investigated on extraction yield in a rotatable central composite design (RCCD, = 1.618). Data analysis and mathematical modeling were then performed using surface response methodology (RSM). The results showed that the extraction yield was respectively affected by agitation speed (55%), temperature (35/7%) and concentration of the biosurfactant (9.3%). By optimizing the operating conditions of the process, the maximum removal of petroleum with 95.2% yield was achieved under the following conditions: concentration of biosurfactant 220 mg ??L-1, temperature 55 °C and agitation speed of 400 rpm. In the next stage, biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbons as a sole source of carbon by loofah-immobilized cell of C. Catenulata was studied in a packed bed bioreactor. With using RSM, the effects of aeration rate and initial COD value on the biodegradation yield were studied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed the biodegradation yield was effected by initial COD value and aeration rate by 62.1% and 37.9%, respectively. The optimum biodegradation condition was observed at an aeration rate of 0.8 vvm and initial COD value of 196 mg L-1 where the biodegradation yield was 95.6%.     

abstractRolling is a process in which one or more metal sheets are inserted into the space between two rollers and are affected by the thickness of the roller bearings. Among the methods used to analyze the shaping processes, the upper bound is analytical and well-considered. This dissertation deals with the upper boundary analysis with respect to the free zone of deformation and simulation of finite parts of rolling process. It is assumed that this process is performed under strain strain conditions. By analyzing the upper process boundary, the torque and the force of the rollers are calculated. For this purpose, firstly, the velocity field is obtained for different distortion regions. The internal power, shear power and frictional power are then calculated with respect to the effect of the hardness of the material, and calculated using the upper boundary method of the applied torque. At the end, the results of the analysis are compared with the results of testing other articles and the results of finite element. In the first step, the regions of the deformation are specified, then the velocity field in the deformation region is determined. After that, the field of strain rate and finally calculate the power, the total power is calculated. Friction power is also calculated at friction boundaries. In the frictionless boundaries where deformation has begun, shear power is available. After collecting all calculated power, the total power will be calculated. In the rolling process, the angular velocity of the roller is constant; by dividing the term calculated on the angular velocity, the torque required to start the process will be calculated. After calculating the torque, the force applied to the roller is calculated. The effect of friction on the results obtained and its comparison with the finite element components and its effect on the neutral point, including analyzes. It should be noted that the neutral point is the point at which the linear velocity of the roller is equal to the speed of the rolling sheet. The sheet is lowered to the deformation region at a speed less than the linear velocity of the roller and is extracted at a faster rate. At a particular point, the metal sheet adheres to the roller and its speed equals.The rolling process that is analyzed in this dissertation is rolling single-layer sheet. In this analysis, the results are compared with the experimental values ??of the previous investigators who have a good accuracy.The finite element analysis is performed by Abacus software and can be extracted after simulating the process, torque and force of the roller and speed, as well as other required results. This software is able to plot the charts of all parameters over time.In the end, it should be noted that the upper bound   and finite element analysis methods have a good accuracy for analyzing metal forming problems and can be used in industrial applications to design power supply transformers. Key words: rolling, upper bound, finite element

<  gt;ارائه الگوريتمي براي جداسازي جريان هجومي از جريان هاي خطاي خارجي ترانسفورماتور</P>

  lt  gt;بررسي رفتار تيرهاي عميق بتن مسلح تحت بار گسترده با استفاده از مباني strut-and-tie</P>

  In this paper, an analytical modeling and numerical simulation of the behavior of composite sandwich panels under the effect of low velocity impact are presented and the method of deformation and development of damage caused by impact under different impact loading conditions is investigated.  Composite sandwich panels are multilayered and include a foam core and composite facesheets, are made of graphite-epoxy. In the first part, analytical modeling of low velocity impact load on composite sandwich panels was used to calculate contact force using two degrees of freedom mass spring model, and the contact force between the plate and the impactor according to the Hertz Contact Law is defined. The spring stiffness of the contact area, and the bending and shear stiffnesses of the sandwich panel are calculated. The stiffness of the spring is evaluated by dividing the laminate into two damaged and undamaged regions, and the amounts of these stiffnesses change over time. For solving the equations of motion, the exact solution method of FSDT has been used and by using energy equations, the damaged region radius is calculated.In the second part, analytical modeling of low velocity impact load on composite sandwich panels, regardless of damage, is investigated and compared with the state in which damage considered.  In the next section, the impact process on the laminate is simulated in Abaqus software for a condition where damage is not considered and In order to validate the modeling, the history of contact force and displacement of the center of the laminate derived from analytical modeling and Abaqus software, have been compared.In the next section, determination of the effects of the mass and velocity of impactor and the thickness of the core on the force and displacemant are discussed. At the end, for the analysis of the damage caused by the impact, the threshold force for matrix cracking, delamination, breaking the fibers, and debonding are calculated from the existing semi-experimental methods And to determine the damage, the contact force is calculated from the mass spring model.KeywordsLow velocity impact, Sandwich panels, Composite, Damage

  Historic bridge bridges are of great artistic value for humanity, and their historical architecture reflects the cultural identity of peoples of that time. Over the centuries, these structures are still stable and serviceable at risk for natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods, fires, wars and the growing population of the world. The bridge studied in this study is the old bridge. This bridge is one of the national Iranian and archeological works of Kermanshah Province which is located on the eastern border of Kermanshah, located on the Gharasso River, as a way of communicating the villages of Faramans Drood in entering Kermanshah. The bridge was constructed in the Sassanid period and was rebuilt in the current Safavid period, with six spans, about 188 meters in length, 9 meters in height, and 8.6 meters in height, including the crown of the bridge. The foundations of this bridge are hexagonal, the inner part of which is made up of lime sandstone and lime sandstone, and is surrounded by rectangular cubic stone blocks. At the front of the stands, opposite to the flow of the droplets of the triangle is a shape.

  Open channels from the past are the most effective and optimal sections used in water transmission systems. Among the various methods of water transfer, the use of gravity and the movement of water in a free-flow flow, along with the construction of appropriate canals and hydraulic structures, such as valleys and overflows, are the most commonly used methods for watering and irrigation. Considering channel characteristics, including type, gender, as well as the geometric shape of the channel section, is essential. The most important axis is the design of water channels, the transfer of water from the place of extraction to consumption, with the least losses and the lowest cost of exploitation, which the issues above have made the experts persuaded to revise the design and construction of water channels in scientific circles. This has led to studies on floor coverings and channel walls, manning roughness determination and critical depth determination, since channel deformation increases with sedimentation at the channel floor.  In this research, in order to obtain a clear understanding of the effect of wall and bed roughness on the flow pattern (longitudinal velocity and transverse flow), experiments were conducted on the flow in a direct trapezoidal channel. Variables in this test series are the average velocity (discharge 5, 6.6 and 8.2 L/S), roughness mode (all without roughness, only rough wall and all surface of the roughness channel), roughness (9, 12 and 15 mm) and depth of flow (13 and 16 cm). Speed measurements were made by a two-dimensional electromagnetic speedometer, accurate to 0.001 m/s. An inventive method has been used to measure vertical velocity, which is described in full in Chapter 3. By analyzing and analyzing the results of the experiments, it was found that with increasing average flow velocity, an accidental increase in roughness occurs, and velocity contours rotate away from the rough parts. When the only wall is rough, the contours tend to the middle of the channels width toward the bed, and with the addition of the roughness of the substrate, these contours are removed from the bed and somewhat back to the wall. The increase in average velocity increases the effect of the depth of flow on roughness, which is more tangible for a situation where the only wall of the roughness channel is rough. By increasing the size of the roughness and adding the roughness of the bed, it is observed that the secondary vortex flow moves toward the free surface of the stream and sometimes moves towards the wall, but there are also examples of defects indicating that it is not predictable The phenomenon of product is turbulence

تأمين آب موردنياز كشاورزي، صنعت و آشاميدني نيازمند برنامه­ريزي­هاي دقيق و درازمدت است. با توجه به مشكلاتي از قبيل خشك­ سالي­ها، كمبود بارندگي و مصرف بي­  hy;رويه­ي آب­هاي زير زميني در سال­هاي اخير، اهميت اين موضوع بيشتر شده است. از اين رو پيش­بيني متغيرهاي هيدرولوژيكي به ­منظور مديريت بهره­برداري از منابع آب امري ضروري است كه در اين بين تراز سطح درياچه­  hy;ها به­عنوان يك ميراث طبيعي اهميت ويژه­اي دارد. بدين­منظور استفاده از روش­هايي كه با صرف كمترين وقت و هزينه به دقيق­ترين نتيجه برسد بسيار حائز اهميت است.در اين پايان­نامه مطالعه­اي در رابطه با پيش­بيني تراز سطح درياچه انجام شده­است. اين مطالعه به اين شرح صورت گرفته­است. در ابتدا نرمالسازي داده­هاي تراز سطح درياچه در محدوده   انجام گرفت. پس از آن به انتخاب تركيب ورودي­هاي مختلف با استفاده از همبستگي­نگارها پرداخته شد. نتيجه آن شامل 16 نوع تركيب ورودي متفاوت است. پس از آن با اين 16 نوع تركيب مدلسازي بوسيله روش ELM صورت گرفت. سپس با استفاده از شاخص­هاي آماري، نمودارهاي رگرسيوني و نمودارهاي سري زماني اين 16 مدل با يكديگر مقايسه شدند و بهترين مدل برگزيده شد. مدل برتر در اين پژوهش مدل 3 معرفي شد و در نهايت نتايج اين پژوهش با نتايج ارائه شده محققين در گذشته مقايسه شد. نتيجه اين مقايسه به برتري مدل ارائه شده در اين پايان­نامه انجاميد.

  جداسازي يكي از موارد مهم و پركاربرد در مهندسي شيمي مي باشد و غشاء مايع به عنوان يكي از پربازده ترين روش هاي جداسازي است كه در حدود 30 سال به طور جدي مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است و باتوجه به پيشرفت فراوان آن در دو دهه­ي اخير، در صنايع مختلف استفاده شده است. هزينه­ي كم، نگهداري آسان، مصرف كم انرژي، آسان بودن افزايش مقياس كار با توجه به جمع و جور بودن وسايل فرآيند، بهره برداري آسان و طيف گسترده­ي مناطق عملياتي و استفاده از اين تكنيك در فرايندهاي همزمان استخراج و جداسازي از جمله مزاياي غشاء مايع در مقايسه با ساير فرآيندهاي جداسازي مي باشد. در اين تحقيق، سنتز مايع يوني پليمري انجام شد كه نتايج FTIR و 1H NMR و 13C NMR نشان­دهنده سنتز بهتر مايع يوني مي­باشد. همچنين در اين تحقيق از روش رويه پاسخ جهت مدلسازي راندمان حذف فنل استفاده شده است. پارامترهاي موثر در اين تحقيق شامل غلظت پليمر، غلظت حامل، غلظت امولسيفاير، غلظت فاز داخلي و زمان فرآيند در محدوده آزمايش در نظر گرفته شد. در نتايج حاصل، حداكثر راندمان حذف فنل در مدت زمان 25 دقيقه، غلظت پليمر2%، غلظت حامل2/0، غلظت امولسيفاير3%، غلظت فاز داخليN3/0 در حدود 37/99% بدست آمد. در اين تحقيق مشاهده شد كه تغيير در غلظت پليمر، غلظت امولسيفاير، غلظت فاز داخلي و غلظت حامل تغيير چشمگيري در راندمان كلي حذف فنل ايجاد مي­كند. در اين تحقيق، مدلسازي كه براي فرآيند حذف فنل با استفاده از روش رويه پاسخ و همچنين در بهينه­سازي كه براي اين روش بدست آمده، تطابق خوبي با داده­هاي تجربي داشت.

فيلتر ميان نگذر جذبي و انواع آن

تعيين نواحي الاستيك ، الاستوپلاستيك و پلاستيك دراطراف تونل هاي دايره اي شكل

  The dependence of the soils behavior on time may lead to structural and chemical changes in chemical and mechanical processes that lead to softening, hardening, loss of adhesion between particles, cementation, or changes in conductivity properties. The need to predict the properties and behavior that will occur in months or years will be a major engineering challenge. Time dependence can be attributed to the effect of long-term structural summation on the density of the earth, the deformation of ground structures, natural movements, and the drilling of slopes. In this study, the stability of sand gravel that is exposed to water flow has been evaluated over time. This analysis has been performed using both laboratory and numerical methods that have good and acceptable compliance. Also, the effect of resistance parameters (adhesion and friction angle) and slope angle have been evaluated by numerical modeling. The new relation presented from numerical results by using multiple regression shows an acceptable match, so that the overall relation presented with R ^ 2 = 0.86 shows good results.

  The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) is being developed, electrical and electronic technologies, to replace the existing steam catapult on naval carriers. Recently, the double-sided linear launcher has attracted more and more attention from researchers. This paper presents utilizing the design and analysis of the Linear Hybrid Reluctance Motor (LHRM). This new motor is characterized by a stator formed by a combination of independent magnetic structures, each one composed of an electromagnet, the magnetic core with one or several coils wound on it, associated with a permanent magnet disposed between their poles. The rotor has the same configuration of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) without any coil, magnets, or squirrel cage. In order to improve the thrust characteristics of LHRM, the structural characteristics and magnetic field are analyzed. The initial design, the finite element analysis (FEA) is presented to obtain the magnetic cogging force and thrust force. Then Using FEA, the effects of the parameters on the thrust and thrust ripple waveforms is analyzed.

شبيه سازي لوله هاي مخروطي پر شده از فوم تحت بار ضربه اي محوري در نرم افزار آباكوس

رابطه كرنش – تغيير مكان خطي است-2 معادلات ورق بر اسا س تئوري تغير شكل برشي مرتبه اول است.

تحليل تاثير نانو ذرات خاك رس بر روي استحكام استاتيكي يك ورق پليمري

تحليل ديناميكي تير مدرج هدفمند باخاصيت پيزو‌الكتريكي تحت بار مكانيكي والكتريكي با روش اجزا محدود

هدف از شناسايي گوينده ، تمايز قائل شدن بين افراد از طريق تفاوت در ويژگيهاي گفتار آنهاست. به اين معني افراد نه تنها در ويژگيهايي مانند اثر انگشت و برخي ويژگيهاي شناخته شده از هم قابل تفكيك هستند، بلكه مي­توان از تفاوتهاي ديگري مانند، شكل دستگاه صوتي و ويژگيهايي مثل لحن، لهجه، طرز بيان و ... نيز بهره برد. روشهاي زيادي براي مدل كردن سيگنال صوتي، بصورتي قابل تحليل بوجود آمده­اند. از جمله­ي اين روشها مي­توان به روش مدل مخلوط گوسي و مدل پس­زمينه جهاني استفاده كرد. از اين مدل براي تشكيل ابربردارهاي گوسي استفاده شده است. ابربردارهاي گوسي بردارهايي با بعد ثابت هستند كه از سال 2006، توسط كمپبل تعريف شده­اند. و در سيستمهاي شناسايي گوينده مورد استفاده قرار گرفته­اند. مشكل اين ابربردارها، بعد بالاي آنهاست كه موجب افزايش پيچيدگي محاسباتي شده است. براي مقابله با اين مشكل، از روشهاي كاهش بعد مانند بدست آوردن بردار i-vector مربوط به هرگوينده استفاده شده است. در اين تحقيق مؤلفه­هاي گوسي كه براي مدل كردن i-vectorها استفاده شده اند با توجه به مقدار آماره باوم ولچ مرتبه صفر آنها به دو دسته مؤلفه­هاي كم اهميت و مؤلفه­هاي مؤثر دسته­بندي شده­اند. از هركدام از اين مجموعه­ها عناصري بصورت تصادفي حذف مي­گردد كه تعداد اين عناصر حذفي در دو مجموعه متفاوت است. براي ارزيابي عملكرد سيستم از پايگاه داده TIMIT استفاده شده است. ميانگين خطاي EER روش پيشنهادي نسبت به كمترين مقدار خطاي EER در ساير روشها 56درصد كاهش داشته است.كلمات كليدي: ابربردار، i-vector، نمايش تنك، ماتريس نگاشت، شناسايي گوينده، مدل مخلوط گوسي، مدل پس زمينه جهاني  

  Energy consumption in Computer networks in recent years, due to the notable grow of the users and demanding of multimedia services have been increased. To preserve the environment, decreasing of energy consumption has been attended, specifically. Energy consumption is investigated from different aspects. In a network, different protocols have been defined which affect on energy consumption. Energy consumption in a protocol is defined based on the generated load on link and necessary time to transfer  the generated load. TCP is a protocol that assures a flow will arrive the destination surely. Therefore, generates a notable volume of the  load because of the  acknowledge  acket  which increase  the load on a related link.In this thesis, energy consumption is investigated  from the software point of view and is tried to decrease the number of acknowledge packets to improve the energy consumption beside of reliability control. The achieved  energy efficiency  improvement in this work is   12.09%. The proposed approach in this work may cause the decreasing of throughput in online networks like VOIP wich can be ignored  generally.

Analytical modeling of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite plates under low velocity impact

Studies to date of the existence of a difference in peoples emotions. This vision for all researchers, particularly developers of computer games is valuable, Because by increasing the touchscreen and an increase in this type of game on our phones, the question arises, "Is touching behavior reflects the mood of the players?" If we can recognize the user’s emotions, according to the emotions of users, game design can control the amount and intensity of the game and to minimize the damaging effects of such games. . In this study, we characterized human touch in time on a touch screen use, So that we can distinguish between emotions and personality of users. In this study, using figures factor in diagnosing mental states were able to carefully 91/90 percent and 97/79 in the best position to do character recognition accuracy. In addition to this we got a result and it is other aspects of the recovery process does not recognize the characters in the parameters may in the algorithms of the parameters of feature in the evaluation of personality dimensions will be deleted when emotions are evaluated. But if consider arousal dimension moods and personality aspects to evaluating mood and personality dimensions also approached carefully 98/52 and will have a positive influence in results.

AbstractRolling is a process that sheet metal into the space between the roller and the pressure of two roller compiled reduced thickness and then goes out. In this process, it is important to calculate the amount of torque and a lot of research has been done about it. In this thesis, the upper bound method is assumed to be used and the effect of work hardening material is included in the calculations. The border between the sheet and roller bearings for smooth line is assumed in the next state, work hardening assumption about it is applied. In the third case and the assumed exercise of the border for work hardening roller curve, the calculation is done. In 3 different modes analysis and the results are presented.