Abstract Biosensors have attracted special attention in recent years as key tools in biomedical, environmental, and pharmaceutical fields. The increasing demand for rapid, accurate, and low-cost diagnostic methods has led researchers to use Field-Effect Transistors, specifically Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors (TFETs). Due to their low power consumption, subthreshold swing of less than 60 mV/decade, and compatibility with nano-scale technologies, these devices are ideal candidates for developing the next generation of biosensors. In this thesis, three different architectures of short-gate TFET-based biosensors, including Continuous-Gate Structure , Multi-Segment Gate Structure , and Fractional-Gate Structure, were designed, simulated, and analyzed. To investigate the effect of dielectric materials on sensor sensitivity, four different dielectric constants (1, 7, 9, and 11) were considered for filling the biosensor cavities. Simulations were performed using the Atlas environment in SILVACO software based on advanced physical models, including Band-to-Band Tunneling (BTBT), SRH and AUGER recombination, and field-dependent mobility models (CONMOB and FLDMOB). Simulation results showed that the choice of architecture and dielectric constant plays a decisive role in the sensitivity and efficiency of biosensors. In the continuous-gate structure, drain current sensitivity decreased from approximately2500 for k=11 to 400 at higher voltages. In the multi-segment gate structure, the initial sensitivity for k=11 was reported at about 600, which decreased to 70 at higher voltages. In the fractional-gate structure, sensitivity for k=11 was over 70 at low voltages and reached about 2 as the drain voltage increased. This comparison indicates that the continuous-gate structure with high dielectric constants offers optimal sensitivity performance, while the fractional-gate structure provides greater stability. The results of this research show that through optimizing gate architecture and selecting high-k dielectric materials, biosensors with higher accuracy and lower power consumption can be developed for real-world environments. These achievements can play a significant role in rapid disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and the development of portable medical devices. Keywords: Biosensor, Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor (TFET), Short Gate, Sensitivity, Dielectric Constant, SILVACO Simulation.

   In this thesis, a Wilkinson power divider is designed using a hybrid structure composed of three resonators—rectangular, square, and U-shaped—instead of the conventional quarter-wavelength transmission lines used in standard Wilkinson power dividers. The main objective of this thesis is to design a compact power divider with a wide bandwidth and improved S-parameters. This thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter one provides the fundamental concepts necessary for understanding the operation of power dividers. Chapter two reviews the concept of power division and examines common types of power divider structures along with their analysis. Chapter three presents a review of several designs that have been proposed in recent years. In chapter four, the proposed power divider is introduced and thoroughly analyzed from initial design to the final structure, including equivalent LC circuit modeling, even- and odd-mode analysis, and current density distribution. Finally, chapter five summarizes the key findings and conclusions of the research. Furthermore, this thesis introduces an innovative method to achieve multiple different center frequencies without altering the main structure. In this method, by placing three rectangular-shaped structures between the input and output ports and only changing their widths, different center frequencies can be obtained. After the design process, the characteristics and parameters of the power divider are as follows: The divider operates at a center frequency of 2.14 GHz and is capable of suppressing the second to eleventh harmonics with a suppression level of -21 dB. The physical dimensions of the divider are 10.743 mm × 10.243 mm, equivalent to 0.0095?g2 , representing an 81% size reduction compared to the conventional structure at the center frequency. The return loss is better than -51 dB, insertion loss is -3.087 dB, return loss at the output ports is better than -46 dB, and isolation between the output ports is better than -45 dB.

   Abstract In this thesis, an innovative compact dual-band branch-line coupler is designed, simulated, and analyzed to operate efficiently at 2.24 GHz and 5 GHz. The primary objective of the thesis is to develop a miniaturized and low-loss microwave coupler capable of effectively suppressing higher-order harmonics, tailored for modern wireless communication systems such as 5G and advanced Wi-Fi networks. To achieve this, modern design techniques have been employed, including the use of a modified interdigital capacitor, a rectangular-shaped resonator for dual-band performance, and a custom-designed harmonic suppression cell. The proposed structure was simulated using ADS 2023, and results show outstanding performance. In the first band (2.24 GHz), the coupler achieves a coupling level of S21?=?0.13 dB and a return loss of S11?=?24.02 dB. In the second band (5 GHz), these values are -0.21 dB and below -20 dB, respectively. The fractional bandwidth (FBW) is measured to be 46% in the first band and 20% in the second. One of the most significant achievements of this work is the suppression of harmonics up to the seventh order, alongside a remarkable reduction in physical size to just 0.0154?g2 . The circuit was fabricated on a Rogers 5880 substrate and tested at the Computational Intelligence Laboratory of Razi University, Kermanshah. The experimental measurements closely match the simulation results, confirming the stability and reliability of the design. Given its unique features, the proposed coupler is a strong candidate for integration into compact, multi-band, and next-generation RF systems. Keywords: Branch-line coupler, dual-band structure, modified interdigital capacitor, fractional bandwidth, microstrip lines, 5G systems

Given the increasing need for compact, high-performance passive devices with harmonic suppression capability in modern telecommunication systems, this thesis addresses the design of a compact Wilkinson power divider using modified resonator structures. The main objective is to reduce size, improve bandwidth, and effectively eliminate harmonics. The proposed design is implemented on a Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with a thickness of 25 mil and operates at a center frequency of 2 GHz. Results demonstrate a significant size reduction of 86% compared to the conventional design, a wide fractional bandwidth of 65%, and effective suppression of 6 harmonics (2nd to 7th order). Electrical performance at 2 GHz includes return loss better than 26 dB, insertion loss approximately 3.031 dB, and isolation better than 20 dB. The total physical dimensions are only 0.078?g?×0.11?g?. This power divider, offering compact dimensions, wide bandwidth, and harmonic suppression capability, is considered an ideal option for modern high-density RF/microwave systems.

   The Wilkinson power divider is a key component in the design of RF and microwave circuits, used to split the input power into multiple outputs while maintaining impedance matching and high efficiency. The importance of designing a Wilkinson power divider lies in its ability to not only effectively divide power but also address the need for isolation between output ports and reduce return losses. These features make the Wilkinson power divider widely used in many communication, radar, and other RF applications that require precise and reliable performance. Proper design of this divider can lead to improved system efficiency and reduced signal interference across different frequencies.

  Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by the body's inability to effectively use blood sugar or produce sufficient insulin to regulate it. If not properly diagnosed and treated, this disease can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, nerve disorders, and blindness. Given the increasing global prevalence of diabetes, early identification and prediction of this disease is of paramount importance. This research focuses on predicting the onset of diabetes using machine learning algorithms. For this purpose, the Pima Indian Diabetes dataset is employed, which includes features such as age, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels, Body Mass Index (BMI), number of pregnancies, family history of diabetes, and other biological parameters. These data, extracted from a population of Native American women, are used to train and test various machine-learning models. In this study, different algorithms including Logistic Regression, XGBoost, AdaBoost, LightGBM, Decision Tree, CatBoost, and Gradient Boosting, were employed to predict the onset of diabetes. The results of this research, which compares different algorithms, particularly boosting algorithms, indicate that some of these algorithms demonstrate higher accuracy in predicting diabetes and can be used as effective tools for early detection and optimal management of the disease. The models achieved the following accuracy: Logistic Regression (0.92), XGBoost (0.96), AdaBoost (0.94), LightGBM (0.96), Gradient Boosting (0.91), and Decision Tree (0.91), with the best performance achieved by CatBoost with an accuracy of 0.98. Finally, suggestions for future research are offered.

   Cardiovascular diseases, particularly arrhythmias, have been among the leading causes of mortality in recent years. Consequently, the medical community has been actively seeking efficient and rapid methods for diagnosing these conditions. To enhance diagnostic speed and minimize potential human errors, the use of automated methods for detecting arrhythmias has gained significant attention. This study aims to achieve accurate and timely detection of various arrhythmias with minimal computational complexity and a reduced number of features. in this thesis, three types of arrhythmias—atrial, sinus, and ventricular—are analyzed, with each category comprising 100 ECG signal samples sourced from the SHEDB database. Two models, the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network and the Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network, were employed for arrhythmia classification. Results indicate that the MLP model, achieving a test accuracy of 97.8%, significantly outperformed the RBF model, which achieved a test accuracy of 76.7%. These models were selected to reduce computational overhead compared to more complex models like Convolutional Neural Networks (C  ). furthermore, various temporal, statistical, and frequency domain features were examined during the feature extraction process. The best performance was achieved using eight selected features: Root Mean Square (RMS), Waveform Length (WL), Absolute Sum of Squares( ASS), Mean (MEAN), Skewness (SKW), Kurtosis (KUR), Dominant Frequency (DF), and Amplitude of Dominant Frequency (AFDF).

   A novel design for realizing optical 2-bit analog to digital converter based on two-dimensional photonic crystals will be proposed in this thesis. The proposed structure consists of two main parts; a nonlinear 3-channel demultiplexer, followed by an optical coder. The nonlinear demultiplexer quantizes the input analogue signal based on its optical intensity at the central wavelength of ?=1550 nm and  consists of two ring resonators using nonlinear rods inside. For appropriate values of the input optical intensity, one of the ring resonators can drop the optical signal at its corresponding output port using Kerr effect. The optical coder also contains two similar ring resonators which can converts the quantized levels to 2-bit binary code. The base structure is a square lattice of silicon dielectric rods with refractive index of 3.46 implemented in an air background. The nonlinear rods used in the ring resonators are made of doped glass with refractive index and nonlinear Kerr coefficient of 1.4 and 10-14 m2W   respectively, and the total footprint of the structure is about 555 ?m2.   Maximum sampling rate is up to 240 GS/s .

Abstract SOI (Silicon-on-Insulator) field effect transistor is a transistor with many advantages over conventional silicon transistors, which is an advanced technology used in semiconductor transistors, here it is SOI-MESF transistor. The effect of the metal-semiconductor field is discussed. Using two metals (platinum) in SIO2 and one piece of oxide in the SI transistor improves DC WRF characteristics, increases breakdown voltage, increases cutoff frequency, improves potential, and improves current. . In particular, the changes made in the SOI-MESFET structure significantly improve the performance of these transistors. SOI-MESFET is very suitable for high-frequency and high-power applications, SOI-MESFET transistors are used in applications due to their special characteristics. Some of these applications include:    • High-frequency circuits: due to the reduction of interference capacitance, these transistors are suitable for high-frequency and microwave circuits. • RF amplifiers: due to thermal stability and optimal performance at high temperatures, they are used in radio frequency (RF) amplifiers. • High power circuits: due to high breakdown voltage and reduction of self-heating forces, they are used in high power circuits. • Applications: Due to the mentioned military features, they are also used in military and aerospace equipment. • Integrated circuits: due to low power consumption and high stability, it is used in integrated circuits and systems on a chip.

   This thesis presents the investigation, design, simulation, and fabrication of a compact Gysel power divider with a hybrid structure and wide pa  and. The primary objective of this research is to enhance the performance and reduce the size of the Gysel power divider by employing novel resonators and lumped elements. Rectangular and hairpin resonators were designed to create transmission zeros and improve impedance matching. These resonators are capable of generating six transmission zeros in their stopband, significantly improving filtering performance and unwanted frequency suppression. The circuit implementation utilized a substrate with the specifications of Rogers RT/Duroid 5880. The initial simulations of this circuit were conducted using the Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Simulation results indicated that the designed circuit exhibits very low return loss (S11) and adequate power transmission (S21) at the frequencies of 8.74 GHz and 9.23 GHz. Specifically, at these frequencies, S21 was measured to be -3.08 dB and -3.1 dB, respectively, while the return loss (S11) was -22.3 dB and -20.8 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the isolation (S32) was found to be less than -25 dB, demonstrating good signal separation between ports. These simulation and measurement results show good agreement and confirm the optimal performance of the circuit. Following the simulation phase, the designed Gysel power divider was practically fabricated and tested. The fabrication process included preparing the printed circuit board (PCB) mask, exposing and etching the board, and soldering the lumped elements. The practical measurement results closely matched the simulation results, validating the circuit's optimal performance in real-world conditions. One significant achievement of this research is the reduction of the circuit's size by 86% compared to the initial structure, highlighting a considerable advancement in circuit design and optimization. This dual-band power divider, with its optimized design and compact size, is suitable for various telecommunications, radar, and electronic systems that require precise and efficient power division. Recommendations for future work include further optimization of the pa  and width, the use of new materials with better dielectric properties, and examining the environmental and thermal effects on the circuit's performance. These advancements can further develop and enhance the technology of power dividers, improving the efficiency of telecommunications and radar systems. Given the results obtained, it is anticipated that these optimization and design methods will continue to be of interest and lead to further improvements in telecommunications and electronic equipment. This research offers an innovative and efficient solution, marking a significant step forward in developing advanced technologies in the field of telecommunications and electronics.

In this research, a lowpass-bandpass diplexer with ultra-wide stopband and low insertion loss using hexagon-shaped resonators. The proposed diplexer consists of a bandpass (BPF) and a lowpass filter (LPF), representing the core concept of the proposed design method that aims to concurrently design BPF and LPF. In this proposed design method, the influence of the LPF filter on the BPF's design has been identified through coupling matrix analysis for the first time. Initially, an LPF is designed based on three coupled hexagon-shaped elliptical resonators. Subsequently, a novel model for BPF design, utilizing coupled high-impedance lines, has been introduced. Following this, the BPF model is developed using coupling matrix analysis while considering the impact of LPF resonators. The LPF have a 1.32 GHz cut-off frequency and ultra-wide stopband up to 17.42 GHz. The BPF consisted of four resonators and the hexagon-shaped structure is used instead of low impedance lines. The utilization of hexagon-shaped resonators serves the purpose of enhancing the precision of the coupling effect, aligning with the proposed coupling matrix analysis. Additionally, hexagon-shaped resonators exhibit a greater capacitive effect, leading to a reduction in insertion loss within the pa  and when compared to rectangular-shaped resonators. The BPF has narrow pa  and with center frequency of is 2.25 GHz and 0.31 GHz bandwidth. The measured insertion losses of LPF and BPF are less than 0.75 dB and 0.81 dB, respectively in 60% of pa  ands

  In

   Due to the growth of the use of electronic devices such as electronic amplifiers, wireless devices, etc., power dividers have gained special importance, and the most important of these dividers are Wilkinson and Gysel, which are widely used. take The main task of dividers in the electronic circuit is power division, which is evaluated in symmetrical and asymmetrical divider models today.    The problem discussed in this thesis is to pay attention to the reduction of the physical size that affects the size of the electric circuit, that the reduction of the designed dividers reduces the dimensions of the circuit. It increases the quality of the output wave and also increases the conduction bandwidth, which plays a significant role in the selection of dividers in devices, which is investigated using microstrip technology today. In this thesis, ADS software has been used to simulate a Gysel divider, which has been obtained by reducing the dimensions, removing additional harmonics, and providing proper isolation, and good results have been obtained.

   In recent decades, due to the growth and development of mobile telecommunication equipment and portable systems, RF researchers and designers have focused more on designing circuits with low voltage and power consumption. Most systems are now wireless, and reducing power consumption is important, which can lead to increased battery life. One of the important parts in receiver systems is the low-noise amplifier, which should be designed with low power. In this thesis, a narrowband low noise amplifier with low energy consumption and high voltage gain is presented using 0.18 ?m RF CMOS technology, so that in the proposed amplifier, the threshold voltage of the transistor can be reduced from the bias technique. body and to reduce the supply voltage and current, current reuse technique has been used. Due to the use of noise removal technique in the proposed circuit, it has resulted in acceptable noise reduction, and with the appropriate selection of circuit elements, a compromise between circuit parameters has been created. The results of the investigations show that the gain of the proposed low-noise amplifier is 13.8 dB, S11 is less than -14.37 dB, and the noise figure is 2 dB at the central frequency of 2.4 GHz. Also, the linearity is -2.5 dBm and the power consumption at the power supply voltage of 1 V is 3.79 milliwatts. The use of such a circuit can greatly contribute to the design of low-power, high-performance wireless communication systems. With further modifications, it can also be used in IoT applications where low power consumption is critical. Overall, this work shows a promising trend for the development of compact, low-power and efficient amplifiers using advanced RF CMOS technologies.

Microstrip lines are good candidates for designing microwave filters, power amplifiers, inventors. With other elements of microwave circuits on a circuit board, he pointed out. Other applications of microstrip lines include waveguides, oscillators, and microwave power dividers.  

  Electromyography (EMG) is a widely used diagnostic tool in clinical physiology which is used by physicians to accurately diagnose neuromuscular disorders in patients, particularly myopathy. In this research, continuous wavelet transform method and convolutional neural network were used to diagnose myopathy from EMG signals. The data analyzed in this study included two groups of healthy (20 signals) and myopathy (44 signals). The continuous wavelet transform was performed to decompose each signal after preprocessing operations on them. Then the scalogram was extracted and used as an input image to the convolutional neural network. The neural network structure used in this research composed seven layers which were taught by 70% of the total data. The final accuracy of this model in detecting myopathy from EMG signal was 89.06%.

  امروزه با افزايش ارتباط بين فناوريهاي رايانهاي و حوزه پزشكي، واسطهاي مغز و كامپيوترتأثير مهمي در زمينههاي مختلف از جمله تشخيص فعاليت تصور حركت، بازشناسي احساسات، تشخيص بيماري صرع، امتياز بندي سطح خواب و باركاري ذهني دارند. تشخيص تصور حركت يكي از تكنيكهاي مبتني بر واسط مغز و كامپيوتر است. اين تكنولوژي با پردازش سيگنالهاي مغز و استخراج الگو از يكي از مهمترين سيگنالها در تشخيص اين نوع EEG تأثير به سزايي بر مطالعه ذهن وكاركردهاي آن دارد. سيگنال ،MI سيگنالهاي فعاليت است. اين پژوهش به طراحي، پياده سازي و ارزيابي يك روش جديد براي تشخيص تصور حزكت دست انسان مي پردازد. مغز انسان اين قابليت را دارد كه از طريق ارتباط بين نواحي و اثرگذاري بر يكديگر منجر به فعاليت هاي شناختي شود. به عبارت ديگر مغز از نواحي مختلفي تشكيل شده است كه هر كدام از آن ها يا به طور جداگانه يا تعاملي منجر به اجراي وظايف مختلف توسط انسان مي شود. اين روش جديد، از قابليت ذكر شده جهت ارزيابي عملكرد مغز و تشخيص تصور حركت دست انسان استفاده كرده است. در اين تحقيق تلاش شده است كه اطلاعات دقيق تر و كامل تري جهت ارزيابي مدل پيشنهادي، استفاده شود. به اين منظور براي تحليل سيگنال هاي حاصل از تصور حركت، از رويكرد مسئله معكوس به كار برده شد كه به اطلاعات آناتوميكي مغز حين تصور حركت دست EEG دسترسي دارد. در اين راستا از بازسازي منبع سه بعدي كه شامل مراحل مدل سازي فضاي منبع، مدل پيشرو و مسئله معكوس است، به كار برده شد. باتوجه به اطلاعات به دست آمده، از اتصال مؤثر (يكي از سه نوع اتصال بين نواحي مغز) مبتني بر مدل سازي علّي پويا استفاده گرديد كه گراف مربوط به نواحي مرتبط با تصور حركت طراحي و پياده سازي شود. نواحي مؤثر به كمك بازسازي منبع به دست آمده است. اين نوع مدل سازي بهتر مي تواند اتصالات جهت دار و علّي بين نواحي مغز و نقش مؤثر فعاليت نورون هاي قشر مغز را در ايجاد و اجراي تصور حركت تفسير كند. به دليل اينكه اطلاعات حاصل از گراف مدل سازي علّي پويا يك ماتريس مجاورت از مقادير اتصال مؤثر بين نواحي، ناشي از تعامل و اثر گذاري قشرهاي مغز است براي سهولت در استخراج ويژگي هاي سطح بالاي تصور حركت، از تكنيك شبكه عصبي كانولوشن گراف گونه جهت طبقه بندي نوع تصور حركت به كار برده شد. اين شبكه عصبي از طريق ماتريس مجاورت، جهت بين نواحي را تشخيص مي دهد و اطلاعات يال و رئوس گراف را براي استخراج ويژگي به كار مي برد. نتايج اين روش دقت بالاتري را در مقايسه با 5 و 10 لايه جهت تشخيص (GCN_ نشان داده است كه اجراي شبكه عصبي با 15 لايه ي كانولوشني ( 15 0% است. در مقايسه با / 0% و 99 / نوع تصور حركت را داشته است. دقت حاصل براي تصور حركت دست راست و چپ به ترتيب 95 پژوهش هاي پيشين نيز، روش پيشنهادي توانسته است دقت تشخيص را افزايش دهد.

Design and fabrication of Wilkinson power divider with harmonics suppression using symmetrical rectangular resonator  

   Deep beams as the most important bending-shear member are widely used in a variety of structural and non-structural structures. The cross-sectional height of these beams is higher than that of ordinary beams, so that according to the American Concrete Code, in deep beams, the cross-sectional height is greater than four times the length of the span. Analysis and design methods in deep reinforced concrete beams differ from ordinary beams due to their unique properties. Closing method is one of the most common methods in the analysis and design of deep beams. In this research, the mentioned method as one of the main topics was reviewed and some examples of existing experimental models were analyzed and evaluated. In order to study the details of the mentioned model, 432 laboratory samples with simple support and concrete efficiency coefficient were collected and examined from the laboratory researches carried out in recent years, considering the effect of reinforcing reinforcements where the total shear force applied to the beam is borne by two independent supports. The most important purpose of this study is to provide a formula for predicting shear strength by considering all effective factors. To achieve the project goal, numerical studies based on artificial intelligence were performed. Artificial intelligence is a computational method that tries to mimic human cognitive ability in a very simple way to solve engineering problems that have disregarded common computational techniques. Next, according to the experimental results, a new fastening model that included a wide range of deep beams with different arrangements of shear reinforcement, concrete strength and effective shear-height ratio was investigated. In this study, the shear capacity of deep beam specimens that have been tested by different people so far was calculated and the results were compared with the actual values ??and results of several other existing bonding methods. The results of the comparison indicate the satisfactory accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model. The proposed method is able to predict the shear strength of simple deep beams with acceptable accuracy.

   Abstract: this paper presents a technique for low noise figure reduction of low-noise-amplifier. The proposed LNA is designed in a current reuse technique that offers lower noise figure. Also, using inductor as a gate inductor reduces the effect of the input parasitic capacitance on the noise figure and provides a good matching at the input and output of the LNA. It shows that the proposed technique reduces significantly the noise figure and improves the matching. The proposed LNA is designed in 0.18 ?m process with 1.5 V supply voltage and simulated cadence software. The simulation results show that The LNA achieves voltage gain of 13.3 dB, noise figure of 2.3 dB, and S11 less than ?10 dB, while consuming only 8.1   mW. The layout schematic occupies 0.812 of chip area.

در اين پايان نامه، يك تقسيم كننده توان ويلكينسون ارائه شده است. كه در ان علاوه بر دارا بودن دو باند كاري داراي حذف هارمونيك نيز مي باشد. اين تقسيم كننده با كمك رزناتتورهاي متقارن و استاب هاي بلند و كوتاه طراحي شده است.اولين فركانس كاري اين (WPD) در فركانس 2GHz مي باشد و دومين فركانس كاري 14/1GHz مي باشد و اندازه اين كار   مي باشد لازم به ذكر است كه حذف هارمونيك و تقسيم كننده بسيار مهم است كه در اين تقسيم كننده 5 هارمونيك حذف شده است.اين تقسيم كننده بر روي برد RT-5880 ساخته و اندازه گيري شده است جواب ساخت و شبيه سازي تطبيق مناسبي دارند.

In this thesis, a new structure WPD with a combination of trapezoidal, circular and rectangular resonators is presented, which has small dimensions of about 11.66 mm× 13.9 mm (0.1 ?g × 0.08 ?g). It also rejects unwanted harmonics from 3.2 to 17 GHz, which means up to 10fo. The operation frequency is located at 1.67 GHz. Other benefits of proposed PD include good FBW (138%) and return losses (-28 dB). Also, the even and odd-mode analysis with LC equivalent circuit and ABCD matrix has been employed to assess the behaviour of the proposed WPD. There is a good agreement between measurements and simulation results. Thus, the proposed Wilkinson power divider can be utilized in various microwave circuits and systems.  

  Design, simulation and fabrication of Wilkinson Power Divider with compact size and improvement parameters Thesis Title:

This thesis presents a novel method for thedevelopment of an optimal water supply plan showcased using data from the Gamasiab basin, located in Kermanshah province, Iran, concerning new dams that are being constructed in this semi-arid region. In this research, a new group multi-criteria decision-making [MCDM] plan is proposed by combining two MCDM methods based on the Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy ELECTRE III methods that convert the experts’ opinions to triangular fuzzy numbers TFNs] based on the level of uncertainty associated with various quantitative] and qualitative criteria. Considering the opinions of non-stakeholders and data analysis using the Fuzzy Delphi method, the criteria were evaluated. Then, by analyzing the results using the Fuzzy ELECTRE III method, the final ranking of scenarios is obtained. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the effect of uncertainty on the performance of the decision-making [DM] system in scenarios ranking. To calculate the importance weight of criteria, Expert choice software and empirical method were used. In addition, a hierarchical model based geographic information system [GIS] and Analytic Hierarchy Process [AHP] was used to determine the importance weight of quantitative criteria. Then, by comparing the result of GIS-based model with the quantitative criteria weight obtained from two other ones, it was found the importance weight of the criteria in the GIS-based hierarchical model due to the high ability to store and integrate information layers, has a higher value. Furthermore, the total expense criteria, the environmental impacts, transmission and water diversion, and geographical conditions of the region played significant role in selecting the optimal scenario. Additionally, the result of a WEAP model was used to evaluate the performance of the optimal scenario in terms of hydrological parameters. The data indicated that there was a good agreement between the results obtained from the hydrological model and the scenario ranking by employed method. Altogether, comparison of the proposed method with other MCDM methods, including Fuzzy AHP and .Fuzzy TOPSIS, indicated that the results of the employed method matched more closely to the local experts’ opinion. Keywords: Optimal Water supply, Gamasiab basin, Group Decision-Making, Fuzzy Delphi, Fuzzy ELECTRE III, Triangular fuzzy number, GIS

  AbstractWith attention to the development of new sciences, in particular electronic science and telecommunication, radio waves (radio communications), the size and physical size of high-capacity components will be smaller and smaller in integrated circuits, and these changes also affect the unwanted (noise) signals in the structure. As a result, we need high-performance filters to eliminate these unwanted waves. There are many errors in the integrated circuits due to the high frequencies, and also have unusual dimensions and size. Using the microstrip technique is very suitable for using a substrate (dielectric) substrate. For use in microwave integrated circuit circuits. In this dissertation, a low-pass microprocessor filter with very small size, a wide bandwidth and good return loss are presented.After designing and using the ADS (Advanced Design System) software and comparing the simulated and measured results, the values are acceptable.

 B

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طراحي مدارات ديجيتالي ممريستوري براي محاسبات درون حافظه اي

Today, the use of wireless technology has become very popular It has become an indelible part of everyday life and even the industry And an example of its applications can be cell phones, WiFi networks, Radio digital information exchange and more Cited.   To achieve these technologies, various engineering knowledge and achievements, especially in the field of electronic, have been used. Providing these features on a small chip in the advancement of the science of minimizing components VLSI , CMOS technology And the construction of RF components and circuits It's possible; RF design includes parts such as antennas, low noise amplifiers,mixers, oscillators, phase lock loops, frequency instruments and power amplifiers.An important part of the network after the antenna is the low noise amplifier, which has various parameters that interact with each other. Including noise, bandwidth, linearity, input matching and extra ; We have tried to get a more linear response from the circuit using the Linearity enhancement techniques and we have achieved 3.1-10.6 GHz bandwidth. The proposed circuit structure in the fourth chapter of this thesis is examined.key words:Low noise amplifier, bandwidth, linearity, gain, linearization technique

Design Of Ultra Wideband Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) With Current Reuse And Noise Cancelling Technique

در اين پژوهش طراحي كوپلرهاي جهتي با پهناي باند زياد و ابعاد كوچك و در حوضه شبكه هاي بي‌سيمي به عنوان هدف قرار داده شده. در اين پژوهش نخست تحقيقات گسترده اي در زمينه المانهاي مايكرواستريپ و پاسخ فركانسي آنها صورت گرفت تا به اطلاعات كافي براي كاربرد اين آلمانها در طراحي يك كوپلر پهن باند دست يابيم. سپس به كمك اطلاعات به دست آمده در اين مرحله خطوط تزويج شده مايكرواستريپ براي ارائه طرح اوليه در يك بازه فركانسي نسبتا وسيع بكار برده شد. در مرحله بعد تلفات بازگشتي و ضريب ايزولاسيون كوپلر با استفاده از خطوط شاخه اي خميده شده و استاب هاي تكرار پذير متقارن بهينه سازي شد. ضمن رسيدن به پاسخ فركانسي مناسب و بهينه، حفظ سادگي ساختار نيز در بهينه سازي مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پايان چند طرح مناسب براي كوپلر جهتي رسيديم.

طراحي تقويت كننده كم نويز در باند فركانسي فوق وسيع با استفاده از تكنيك استفاده مجدد جريان مكمل اصلاح شده

Self-repairing is among the principal foundations of biological neural networks, upon which, adjacent synapses undertake functions of defected synapses to avoid disturbances in the network function, ending up compensating the incurred error. In the present research, a self-repairing analogue circuit is designed using an astrocyte-neuron relationship. The designed circuit is based on a software model of an astrocyte-neuron network with proven ability to detect errors and undertake self-repairing. The results obtained of the proposed circuit show that, when an error occurs in the synapses associated with a neuron, the currents of healthy synapses of the same neuron increases. This increase is made by receiving a feedback from adjacent astrocytes. This process maintains the network function and compensating the incurred error in the network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to present a neural network-based analogue circuit with self-repairing capability considering the effect of astrocytes. In this research, the proposed circuit was designed and simulated in HSPICE software using standard 0.35 ?m CMOS technology.

در اين پايان نامه به كمك رزوناتورهايTشكل ونيمدايره اي يك فيلتر پايين گذر طراحي، شبيه سازي و ساخته شده است. اين فيلتر داراي فركانس قطع GHz34/1است و همچنين تيزي آن از سطح dB3 تا dB40 برابر GHz41/0 است. همچنين باند قطع اين ساختار از فركانس GHz68/1 تا GHz20 مي­باشد كه نشان مي­دهد فيلتري با پهناي باند قطع عريض طراحي شده است و سطح حذف هارمونيك در باند قطع اين فيلتر برابر dB20 است. اندازه اين فيلتر برابر 9mm2/15 ×3/9مي­باشد كه با اين خصوصيات، اين فيلتر از ضريب شايستگي67954 بهره مي­برد. لازم به ذكر مي باشد كه در اين پايان نامه، فيلتر پايين گذر طراحي شده به چند رزوناتور   تقسيم شده و اين فيلتر ساخته شده است كه مشاهده مي شود پاسخ ساخت و شبيه سازي تطبيق خيلي مناسبي مي­باشند.  كلمات كليدي:رزوناتور،­فيلتر پايين گذر، اندازه كوچك، فركانس قطع.

  As the number of VLSI implementations of spike-based neural networks is steadily increasing, it is important to design spike-based learning algorithms and circuits which are compatible with these systems. The circuits must have adaptation and complex patterns classification capability. Spike-based learning circuits typically are used in conjunction with linear integrate and fire neurons. As a new class of current-mode conductance-based silicon neurons has beenrecently developed, it is important to evaluate how the spike-based learning circuits perform. In this research we propose VLSI implementation of a spike-based learning circuit which consists of a post-synaptic weight control module and a pre-synaptic weight update module. We propose a new circuit for the post-synaptic weight control module which consists of a generalized I&F neuron circuit, Diff-Pair integrator as synapse, voltage comparator, WTA circuit as current comparator and astrocyte circuit. Simulation results also show that the astrocyte performance as a part of current comparator is quiet acceptable.

desing of high gain LNA for bluetooth Application

  Wilkinson Power Divider using Low Pass Filter with compact size and Harmonics Suppression

Design of an ultra-wideband low noise amplifier with desirable linearity

Design, Simulation and Fabrication of microstrip ultra- wide band (UWB) band pass filter (BPF) with triple notched using stepped impedance resonator.

  Design of Compact Quad-Band Bandpass Filter with Simple Structure and Controllable Frequencies Using Single Rectangular Ring Resonator

The human brain is composed of neurons with a Switching speed of about second. Studying spikey neural network(  )s, including modeling, simulation and implementation of a biological neuron model, helps to learn about brain and cure related diseases or to design more efficient processors and smarter robots. Such applications, made this part of neuromorphic researches so popular.   In this paper, Wilson neuron model has been simulated and implemented as an acceptable approximation of Hodgkin & Huxley (1952) biological model that is more adjusted for efficient implementation on digital platforms such as FPGA. According to results, proposed model can adequately describe neuron favorable behaviour. Hardware implementation on FPGA shows that the modified model imitates the biological behavior of different types of neurons, besides using feasibility, targeting a low-cost and high efficiency.   

Compact ultra-wide stopband lowpassfilter using modified rectangular resonatorloaded by stub  

  In this thesis two new compact size high selective microstrip bandpass filters for X- and Ku-band are proposed. The presented structure uses T-shaped resonators with direct connected orthogonal feed lines. The T-shaped resonator provides high selectivity for the proposed filter and reduces the overall size of the filter, compared with conventional uniform stub. Due to its symmetrical structures, it can be analysed with the odd and even mode. Two filters at X- and Ku-band, respectively with fractional bandwidth of 30.3 % and 37 % were realized on a Roger 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and 15mil thickness. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate good agreement.