The present study was

  Today, Iran faces several obstacles in the path of internationalizing knowledge, some of which are external and structural in nature, and others are due to internal challenges. In other words, these obstacles include economic sanctions and technological restrictions that have made access to global knowledge networks difficult. Also, inequality in diplomatic relations with great powers has placed Iran in a marginal position and made the internationalization process more complicated. However, an important part of the challenges and obstacles arise from the structure of the international system and security perceptions of Iran's role. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to examine the impact of science and technology sanctions on the process of internationalizing knowledge in Iran and to identify strategic solutions to reduce the negative effects of these sanctions. The main question is based on this: what are the structural obstacles to the internationalization of knowledge in Iran, with an emphasis on the location of sanctions and unilateral international pressures, and what impact does it have on the country's scientific development? In order to answer this question, the hypothesis has been put forward that sanctions and international pressures, through restrictions on access to resources and cooperation, disrupt the process of internationalization of knowledge and slow down Iran's scientific development. In this study, considering the use of library resources and articles and considering the collection of data in line with the theoretical framework, the research method is descriptive-analytical.

  Technological developments have always played a decisive role in changing the nature of war and the evolution of military doctrines, but the emergence and maturity of artificial intelligence in recent decades has elevated this trend from the level of gradual changes to a paradigmatic level. Artificial intelligence, as a doctrine-making technology, has penetrated command and control systems, military decision-making, electronic and cyber warfare, space and satellite systems, and autonomous smart weapons, fundamentally transforming the logic of human-centered wars and classic models of deterrence. Hence, theoretical and strategic rethinking of military doctrines and the paradigm of future wars has become an analytical necessity

      The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between family functioning and parental attachment with the tendency towards risky behavior in adolescents through the mediation of self-efficacy. The research method was a descriptive correlational type and applied research in terms of purpose; the statistical population included all female students in the second year of high school in the city of Rosen in the academic year 1403-1404, whose statistics from the education and training of the said city were 3467 people. The multi-stage cluster sampling method was used and to collect information, the Iranian Adolescent Risk Behavior Scale (IARS) by Zadehmohammadi, Ahmadabadi and Heidari (2011), the Family Functioning Questionnaire (FAD), the Parker Parental Attachment Questionnaire (PBI), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale were used. The mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data at the descriptive level, and the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used at the inferential level. Regarding family functioning, the findings showed that this variable has a bidirectional effect on risky behaviors. On the one hand, poor family functioning was directly associated with increased risk behaviors (?=0.18). This finding is consistent with previous studies showing that a dysfunctional family environment is one of the strongest predictors of risk behaviors. On the other hand, family functioning had an indirect, reducing effect on risk behaviors by enhancing adolescents' self-efficacy (?=-0.14). This dual pattern suggests that although poorly functioning families directly contribute to risk behaviors, they can counteract this negative effect by enhancing adolescents' sense of competence and competence. The findings of this study clearly support the main hypothesis of the study that there is a relationship between family functioning and parental attachment with a tendency to risk behaviors mediated by self-efficacy. The results of the path analysis showed that these relationships follow complex mechanisms that require multidimensional interpretation. Keywords: Family functioning, parental attachment, risk behavior, self-efficacy.

  encing the Level of Political Participation in the Naysar i Thesis Title: ghborhood

One of the challenges of post-Saddam Iraq has been the differences between the Kurdistan Regional Government and the central government of Iraq. These differences began with the drafting of the constitution and have now manifested themselves in political, economic, and geopolitical areas. The purpose of writing this thesis is to analyze the effects of these differences on the political security of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Therefore, the question has been raised: what effect have the tensions and differences between Erbil and Baghdad had on the political security of the Kurdistan Region? In this thesis, using a descriptive-analytical method and using the Copenhagen School theory, the hypothesis has been put forward that these differences have led to a series of consequences, such as the reduction of the powers of the Kurdistan Regional Government, the interference of the Iraqi central government in the political and administrative organs and institutions of the region, the independent relationship of some institutions with the Iraqi central government, and the gap between the people and the Kurdistan Regional Government, such that the Kurdistan Regional Government has reduced its powers in the field of oil and energy and the supervision of regional elections by the Iraqi Federal Court. Regarding the interference of the central government in the institutions of the Kurdistan Region, we can refer to the dissolution of the Kurdistan Regional Parliament and Provincial Council by the Federal Court. Regarding the independent relationship of institutions, we can refer to its inclusion in the 2024 Iraqi budget law and the direct relationship of the administrative institutions of Sulaymaniyah province with the central government. Regarding the gap between the people and the Kurdistan Regional Government, we can refer to demonstrations and unrest in the provinces of the Kurdistan Region.  

  This study explores the relationship between migration from the Middle East and Africa to Europe and the process of integration within the European Union. The central research question addresses how such migration affects European integration and contributes to the rise of anti-integration movements across EU member states. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the research draws on qualitative data from academic sources to investigate these dynamics. The findings indicate that large-scale migration—particularly when accompanied by ineffective policies and insufficient support for cultural integration—can lead to social fragmentation, the rise of populism, and the strengthening of nationalist sentiments. These developments, in turn, may hinder the integration process and prompt some countries to revert to inward-looking and isolationist policies. Furthermore, the study highlights how the absence of a unified EU migration policy and the lack of adherence to the principle of solidarity have intensified identity and cultural crises. In conclusion, the research offers recommendations for reforming migration policies and enhancing integration strategies, while underscoring the need for further studies to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between migration and European integration.

 Throughout history, various international conflicts have occurred and the actors based on their goals and interests have cooperated, competed and conflicted, and for this reason, various cooperative or confrontational games have been formed between them in various scales. Iran's nuclear conflict has been one of the most important and challenging issues of international politics in the past decade and has become the main issue of the Islamic Republic of Iran's foreign policy, and the United States' approach and strategy as the hegemon of the international system with this The subject is of special importance. Contrary to the reaction of the West, Iran always emphasized its right to achieve the nuclear fuel cycle, this meant the beginning of the game between the West and Iran on the issue of Iran's nuclearization. Based on this, the current research with a descriptive-analytical method seeks to investigate the basic question, what is the grand strategy of the United States in the era of Trump and Biden regarding the Iran nuclear conflict based on Benjamin Miller's model?

China is considered one of the top powers in the field of international political economy, the transformation and modernization adopted by the leaders of this country after the era of Mao and the adoption of the peaceful doctrine of Bajhan through free trade, open regionalism, economic plans with strong regional themes were proposed. China's leaders, by expanding the Chinese development model as a model that can promote neo-mercantilism policies in many regions, can be considered as a confrontation between the consensus of Beijing and the consensus of Washington in all areas influenced by both powers.   

  The formation of the international system after the Second World War led to the drawing of the structures of this system by the conquering powers after the war. After the Cold War, various countries entered the arena of the international system. After independence and freedom from colonialism, India tried to adopt the path of growth and progress. India, as one of the countries that is called as an emerging power in the present era, has a lot of potential in various fields to enter the world's top powers, this country uses new and different methods in its foreign policy and relations. It is balancing its relations with other governments and securing its national interests (national power). The main goal of this research is the strategic model that governs India's international activism and the recognition of its goals. Accordingly, the main question of this research is proposed as follows: What is the strategic goal of India's international activism? In response to this question, the hypothesis is proposed that; The strategic goals of India's international activism in the context of categories such as soft management of international crises, soft and balanced foreign policy and the introduction of political and normative values ??as well as following international rules have been able to create national power from the frameworks of international activism. In this research, an attempt has been made to use the descriptive analytical method of data processing by using library resources. Keywords: India, international relations, strategic goals, foreign policy, soft power

  The recognition policy as a practical theoretical framework can play a key role in understanding the factors that reproduce divergence in the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia. In the framework of this theory, the concept of recognition is formed from the two dimensions of self-recognition and the recognition of others, and its output is minimal and maximal recognition. The purpose of this thesis is to use this theory to understand the key factors of the divergence between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the context of the struggle for recognition. This article seeks to understand the mentioned issue by raising this question: "What are the roots of the continued challenge and divergence in the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia?" In response to this question, this hypothesis is proposed that: "The struggle for recognition has been the main motive for the formation and reproduction of divergence in the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia and the main factor in their confrontational relations". According to the framework of the recognition theory, the findings of this research show that there is a constant struggle for recognition between Iran and Saudi Arabia. This constant struggle comes from the definition that two countries have of their identity in their definition. In most cases, the self-definition of these two countries is in clear conflict with the other. As a result, the two countries have formed identification on a fragile foundation that is never able to produce a stable and permanent relationship. This causes divergence between the two countries in the ideological-identity areas based on sectarianism, conflict in the attitude towards the role of America, tension in the area of ??influence and regional hegemony, the nuclear program, the Ibrahim agreement.

  Migration is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by economic, political, cultural, and social factors. These factors collectively compel individuals to leave their unique historical and geographical contexts, impacting their cultural, political, and social identities. This research investigates the causes of Iranian migration to Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and analyzes its dual impact on Iran's national development based on Ernst Georg Ravenstein's push and pull theory of migration dynamics. The primary identified causes include economic inequalities, political instability, and social factors in Iran. Utilizing the push and pull theoretical framework, this study examines how these factors contribute to attracting and repelling Iranian migrants to Turkey and the UAE. By focusing on the reasons for Iranian migration to Turkey and the UAE and exploring its consequences on Iran's national development, the study aims to investigate how various aspects of Iran's development are affected by the migration of elites and professionals. Migration can be discussed and examined from psychological, political, social, economic, and cultural dimensions. The research seeks to examine the various components of the Islamic Republic of Iran's development and its susceptibility to the phenomenon of migration, while also addressing the question: What causes and factors drive Iranians to migrate to Turkey and the UAE, and what are the consequences for national development?

   Abstract Nuclear technology has become one of the most significant political and security issues in international relations since World War II and the use of the first atomic bomb by the United States. The potential for military use of this technology by other countries, along with the security threats and widespread destruction and mass killing capabilities of nuclear weapons, has made the management of nuclear technology a critical issue. As a result, the first countries to acquire nuclear technology sought to prevent its proliferation. Iran, one of the countries that acquired nuclear technology, has raised significant international concerns. In this context, the main objective of this research is to examine the West's approach to Iran's nuclear issue from a security perspective, considering the historical experiences of the West. The central research question is: How has the West's historical experience with nuclear energy influenced its approach to Iran's nuclear issue? The assumption is that since nuclear technology has historically had military and security applications and Iran has become a security-sensitive state in international relations, the West's view of Iran's nuclear issue is security-oriented, in contrast to Iran's peaceful view of its nuclear program. The research will be conducted using perceptual approaches in international relations. The research method employed in this study is descriptive-analytical.

  Considering the effects of perceived discrimination on the mental and physical health of people, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between perceived discrimination and self-esteem and mental health in different ethnicities of Kermanshah. The present research method was a descriptive correlational type. The statistical population of this research included all young people aged 20 to 40 living in Kermanshah city in 2019, and 200 of them were selected as a research sample using available sampling method. Sample members responded to Coakley et al.'s Perceived Ethnic Discrimination, Eysenck's Self-Esteem, and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaires. Finally, the data obtained from the research were analyzed through   _21 software. The results showed that perceived ethnic discrimination is related to self-esteem and general health; Thus, the higher the perceived discrimination, the higher the probability of suffering from mental disorders and lower self-esteem

   The family, in terms of quantity and quality, can be the main concern of the thinker and seeker and nurture the spirit of the idea of ??the people in it. While the algorithm is efficient and searchable in the field of work and production in the society, the positive actions of the non-performers motivate the child towards the direction and direction of the activity so that the mind can be integrated and fruitful. Such individual availability of non-economic resources is considered to be of value in capturing new airspace. The role of parents in caring for their parents in the world is how to embody social values ??for their children, shaping their future personal lives and paving the way for a healthy economy. Therefore, the atmosphere within the family, especially the parental guidelines, gives this possibility to the children to pass on the habits and beliefs of the past to the other members of the family, to reconcile the new way of doing business and self-regulation. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of parents' research on the purpose of entrepreneurship (active study of entrepreneurs in Kermanshah tourism). The Entrepreneurial Society of Kermanshah is active in tourism. The sampling method is randomly simple and is used to determine the sample size of the Cochrane formula which has a sample volume of 330 mm. The library's research tools are standardized research libraries and testimonials that are credited with the Alfie Kronbach method 770/0. In this research, we have examined the effect of parents' observation on the purpose of entrepreneurial rotation (active study of entrepreneurial rotation in Kermanshah). Analysis and analysis. The results of this study indicate that various factors affect parents' intentional entrepreneurial activity (active study of entrepreneurial activities in Kermanshah). The family, in terms of quantity and quality, can be the main concern of the thinker and seeker and nurture the spirit of the idea of ??the people in it. While the algorithm is efficient and searchable in the field of work and production in the society, the positive actions of the non-performers motivate the child towards the direction and direction of the activity so that the mind can be integrated and fruitful. Such individual availability of non-economic resources is considered to be of value in capturing new airspace. The role of parents in caring for their parents in the world is how to embody social values ??for their children, shaping their future personal lives and paving the way for a healthy economy. Therefore, the atmosphere within the family, especially the parental guidelines, gives this possibility to the children to pass on the habits and beliefs of the past to the other members of the family, to reconcile the new way of doing business and self-regulation. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of parents' research on the purpose of entrepreneurship (active study of entrepreneurs in Kermanshah tourism). The Entrepreneurial Society of Kermanshah is active in tourism. The sampling method is randomly simple and is used to determine the sample size of the Cochrane formula which has a sample volume of 330 mm. The library's research tools are standardized research libraries and testimonials that are credited with the Alfie Kronbach method 770/0. In this research, we have examined the effect of parents' observation on the purpose of entrepreneurial rotation (active study of entrepreneurial rotation in Kermanshah). Analysis and analysis. The results of this study indicate that various factors affect parents' intentional entrepreneurial activity (active study of entrepreneurial activities in Kermanshah). Keywords: Entrepreneurial Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Parents

 Today, border bazaars are very important in the type and manner of cross-border interactions between countries. Parviz Khan's border bazaar in Kermanshah province has the highest number of interactions in the cross-border relations between Iran and Iraq. show the political economy interactions between the two countries; According to the statistics published by the relevant authorities and the comments and discussions of the officials of this field, it seems that the cross-border interactions of the two countries have significant differences with the target amount, and new competitors for Iran's influence in the Iraqi market have emerged. Therefore, considering the increasing importance of the Iraqi market for Iran, it is necessary to examine the pattern governing the political economy interactions of the two countries, especially in the area of ??the Parvizkhan market, as the most important bases of interaction between the two countries; The above research aims to answer this question: How can the pattern governing the cross-border relations between Iran and Iraq in Parvizkhan border be analyzed in the framework of Susan Strange's political economy approach? He has put forward this claim: Iran's cross-border interactions with Iraq at the Parviz Khan border, affected by the structure of production, finance, security, and existing science and technology, have led to a fragile and unstable situation in the political economy relations of the two countries. In the upcoming research, using the method of exploratory interviews with Bazarche Parvizkhan activists, experts and university professors and theorizing them in the theoretical framework of Suzan Strange's political economy approach, it was concluded that the current interactions of the two countries are affected by the structure of production, finance, security and Science and technology has a fragile and unstable situation and requires reforms in the above four areas. Key words: Iran-Iraq-border bazaar-political economy-Susan Strange

Artificial intelligence is a game changer in global politics, artificial intelligence has long been a topic of discussion in scientific and academic circles and security political systems, and it has come out of the form of science fiction and has grown in the world of reality and its development in The world has deepened, artificial intelligence can have destructive as well as beneficial consequences for countries, the use of new technologies in military, economic, cultural, security-espionage and psychological warfare has been growing exponentially. And this importance can fuel the destructive effects on the regional security of the Middle East and the intensification of the competition between the powers in the region and Iraq. Also, artificial intelligence can create positive and effective consequences for the future of humanity and security in the fields related to health, hygiene, environment, welfare, etc. Based on this, it seems that just as in the current situation, various issues such as economy, culture, environment and security issues affect politics, in the future, artificial intelligence will affect all these areas; Therefore, under the influence of these changes, various social, political, economic, value, cultural, military, security and even legal aspects of our life will change.  

  The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is a regional and international organization with many capabilities and potentials, and Iran's membership in it is considered an important advantage in foreign policy. But in recent years, with the nuclear conflict and being on the FATF blacklist becoming the main issue of Iran's foreign policy, this issue has affected the national advantage and interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, it is important to address the issue that the mere membership in a regional organization as long as it is affected by security issues and other international powers cannot be considered as an expression of benefiting from all the benefits of membership. Therefore, the main question that makes the current research strategic is what effect do the nuclear case and the special financial action group have on Iran-Shanghai relations? The hypothesis that is designed and evaluated using the combination of historical analytical-descriptive method is that; It seems that under various regional and international conditions and factors, Iran has tended towards Shanghai in order to benefit from geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic interests. However, benefiting from the benefits of membership for Iran in Shanghai, affected by the nuclear conflict, the special financial action group, and in other words, it faces a kind of limitation created by the institution-based order. Therefore, the purpose of the present study; Analyzing the consequences of the nuclear case and the special financial action group on Iran-Shanghai relations is within the framework of neoliberal institutionalism.

  The aim of the current research is to analyze phenomenologically successful adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The research is of an applied type and in terms of the method of data collection, a qualitative method was used, in which in-depth interviews were used to analyze the experiences of academically successful adults with ADHD. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has been used. The statistical population of this research includes all academically successful adults suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who have managed to obtain a certificate of completion of education from a day university by the end of 2014. The sampling method in this research is purposeful, so that 17 people were identified from relatives, friends and acquaintances of the researcher, who were diagnosed with hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit disorder by a doctor in their childhood, then 10 people were identified among them who managed to had obtained degrees from daily universities, an in-depth unstructured interview was conducted, and no new information was obtained in the last three interviews, and the data reached saturation. The relationship with the experiences of academically successful adults suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was obtained, which were classified into 12 major categories and finally their experiences were classified into two general sections under the title of individual-oriented strategies and community-oriented strategies. The results of the research showed that if people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their families use the mentioned strategies in relation to themselves and society, they will join the ranks of academically successful people.

چكيده خاورميانه از آن دسته مناطقي است كه بيشتر از آنكه داراي همگرايي منطقه اي باشد، مشخصه دائمي آن منازعه و كشمكش است. از جمله بحران ها و منازعات در اين مجموعه امنيتي، منازعـات كشور افغانستان است كه ميتواند بر رونـد و تكامـل مجموعـه امنيتـي خاورميانـه تأثيرگـذ ار باشد.جنگ به عنوان پديده اي مذموم، آثاري همچون فقر و گرسنگي، تخريب زيرساختارها، نابودي مراتع، كـشتزار و جنگـل، آوارگي و بي خانماني، محدوديت هايي درخـصوص حقـوق آزادي افـراد ماننـد رفـت وآمـد، حيـات، تماميـت جـسمي و معنوي، اشتغال، بهداشت، آموزش و به طور كلي تخريب بنيادهاي سياسي، اجتماعي، اقتصادي و فرهنگي را به دنبال خود پيشكش جوامع مينمايد. افغانستان هم به عنوان كشوري درگير جنگ در سه دهه اخير دور از اين مخاصمات جنايات جنگي نبوده است. طالبان و ساير گروه هاي نظامي، از سال 2002 ميلادي نفوذ خود را افغانستان بازسازي كردند. دست كم از سال 2002 ميلادي، مخاصمه مسلحانه در استان هاي جنوبي و شرقي افغانستان بين گروه هاي سازمان يافته مسلح، به طور خاص طالبان، و نيروهاي نظامي افغانستان و نيروهاي بين المللي شدت گرفت. بعد از سال 2002 افزايش چشمگيري داشته است. با بيشتر شدن مخاصمات و تغيير الگوي مخاصمات و گسترش سلاح هاي مرگبار امروزه حقوق دانان و انديشمندان در پي اجراي هر چه بيشتر قوانين و مقررات حقوق بشردوستانه در مخاصمات مسلصانه هستند و در پي اين موضوع سازمان ها و نهاد هاي بين المللي و دولتي و خصوصي بسياري شكل گرفتند. ازجمله اين نهاد ها ميتوان به كميته بين المللي صليب سرخ و هلال احمر كشورها و فعاليت هاي يونيسف نام برد. واژگان كليدي: مخاصمات، منازعات، جنگ، صليب سرخ        

  This research aims to investigate the relationship between emotional ataxia and job demotivation and lack of work effort among elementary school teachers in Kermanshah. This type of descriptive research is correlational. In this research, the statistical population includes all the primary teachers of Kermanshah city in 1401, whose number is about 3000. The sample of this research consists of 300 primary teachers who will be selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method according to Morgan's table. became. The questionnaires used in this research will be the Toronto scale of emotional dyslexia (2002), career motivation of Utrecht (2002) and work effort by Patterson (1986) and Pearson's correlation and multivariate regression tests will be used to infer the data.

   يكي از مؤثرترين عوامل ارتقاي جامعه­ي بشري در سطوح مختلف، توليد علم و دانش است. با نگاهي به كشورهاي پيشرفته پي خواهيم برد كه علوم، تنها از راه آموزش توليد نمي­شوند و در اين زمينه پژوهش نيزاز اهميت ويژه‌اي برخوردار است. توانايي بشر معاصر در حل معضلات جامعه، حاصل پژوهش بوده و هر اندازه مسائل پيچيده­تر مي­شوند ضرورت برنامه‌ريزي براي فعاليت­هاي آن بيشتراحساس مي‌شود. افزون بر رسالت آموزش، پژوهش نيزاغلب برعهده­ي دانشگاه­ها و مراكز آموزش عالي است. دانشگاه به عنوان برجسته­ترين سازمان علمي، با عمل به مسئوليت­هاي خاصي كه دارد مي­تواند جايگاه مهمي درپيشرفت و تعالي جامعه داشته   باشد. دوره­ي تحصيلات تكميلي بخشي از نظام آموزش عالي است و مشخصه­ي اصلي و فعاليت بارز يك دانشجوي مقطع تحصيلات تكميلي در تمامي رشته­ها، نگارش پايان­نامه است. پايان­نامه گزارشي است كامل از فرايند يافتن پاسخ يك پرسش يا يافتن راه­حل يك مسئله كه پژوهشگري آن را برعهده گرفته و به پايان رسانده است، مشروط بر اين­كه همه­ي مراحل پژوهش را از زماني كه به شكل پرسش يا مسئله بوده، تا وقتي­كه به شكل نتايج مدون و مرتب كه با تجزيه و تحليل اعداد مستدل شده است، را در برگيرد (نايب­پور و بريري، 1387). علم اطلاعات و دانش­شناسي به عنوان يكي از رشته­هاي دانشگاهي حوزه­ي علوم انساني در راستاي تحقق محورهاي پژوهشي خود، لازم مي­داند كه به­طور مرتب به بازنگري و ارزيابي انواع منابع اطلاعاتي بپردازد. ارزيابي فرايندي است كه به­وسيله­ي آن درباره­ي يك رويداد، يك فرد، يا يك شيء بر­اساس يك يا چند معيار قضاوت مي‌شود (علوي‌زاده، 1395). اين منابع به صورت­هاي متنوع چاپي و الكترونيكي و در قالب­هاي طرح پژوهشي، گزارش، مقاله ومانند آن ارائه مي­شوند. از زمره­ي دستاوردهاي اطلاعاتي با­ارزش دانشگاهي در هر رشته­اي كه بعد از طي فرآيندهاي بررسي­ و ارائه­ي نتايج مبتني بر علوم، مي‌توانند نقش قابل‌توجهي درشناخت نيازها و مشكلات جامعه و پاسخگويي به آن­ها داشته باشد، پايان­نامه­ها هستند.

The political economy of oil is a complex structure that affects the whole life of an oil-rich country, including the nature of the state and its relationship with society, the performance of institutions and the interactions of social forces in the political-economic sphere of society. The present study aims to "investigate the degradation of oil in the global political economy and its impact on the relationship between government and society in Saudi Arabia" in a descriptive-analytical manner with emphasis on the approach of political economy. The gradual decline in global oil prices and the consequent decline in Saudi oil revenues has led to a gradual challenge to the country's rent-seeking economy model at the national, regional and global levels in recent decades. At the international level, and as Saudi Arabia's energy partners have become less dependent on Saudi oil, the pressure on Saudi Arabia to expand democracy and respect human rights has increased. At the domestic level, on the one hand, the country is facing increasing socio-economic and political demands of transformational social forces, and on the other hand, the gradual reduction of the government's financial capacity to meet the needs of citizens as a result of declining oil revenues. How the gradual decline in oil prices in the global economy has affected the government-society relationship in Saudi Arabia is a key question that is explored in the present study. The research hypothesis is designed to build power in Saudi Arabia in the face of pressure from the impossibility of continuing the life of the rentier political economy, to change the procedure and reformulate the government to a post-war model in general and transform the relationship between government and society in this country. In particular, it has progressed. The results of this study show that the Saudi government is taking steps to adapt its political economy to the requirements of action in the new global environment by adopting short-term and long-term policies and plans, including the design of the 2030 vision. In this regard, Saudi Arabia has so far reorganized its political economy in order to take advantage of the new elements and structures of global power and wealth in order to turn the threat of lower oil prices into an opportunity for economic, political and social modernization. The present study claims that the decline in oil rents due to the gradual decline in its price in the global political economy, not only in the external dimension has led to the emergence of a new type of government and its pattern of interaction with the global economy. And society has also undergone a transformation. The present research has been conducted in the framework of political economy approach and in a descriptive-analytical method using library resources.

   Crisis management is something that has received a great deal of attention over the past decades because with the spread of environmental problems on the one hand and the increase of human crises on the other, it seems necessary to build control of these crises, crisis management, both natural and man-made, should be based on factors that increase the effectiveness of crisis management in which managers can play an important role in controlling or not controlling the crisis, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of crisis management software dimensions on crisis control and the focus of this study was on Kermanshah earthquake crisis management and the role of managers and software dimensions on crisis control has been investigated and the question has been raised what was the position of crisis management software dimensions in the November 2017 Kermanshah earthquake? To answer the above question, the method of directional qualitative content analysis was used and the target population of the study was 9 senior managers of Kermanshah province and Sarpol-e Zahab city who have played a role in controlling the above crisis. The findings of the study, which are based on McCarthy's information theory and the analysis of managers' interviews, have been that the role of Kermanshah in the November 2017 earthquake crisis and the position of managers in crisis control in the form of software dimensions such as increasing hope, expanding empathy, accountability of managers, expanding communication, planning in crisis situations and increasing information has been very important and the software dimensions are at a higher level than the hardware dimensions.

   Political economy as a broad concept has changed over time . one of the issues in this field is the issues of oil , oil revenues and its relationship with foreign policy . in fact , the relationship between political and economic issue there is a closeness. For this reason , the oil economy is affected by political power. While it is necessary to strike a balance betwen the political and economic spheres , other wise the consequences and problems will increase , so that the authority of the government will increase and negative effects and consquences will be created in the economy. Accordingly . in the islamic republic of iran , there is no balance between these to spheres. as a result of which domestic strategies and foreign policy of khatami and ahmadinejad governments are different. therefor , the main issue of the research is that , what is effect of oil revenues have on the foreign policy model of the islamic republic of iran during the khatami and ahmadinejad administrations ? it seeme that oil revenues to have influenced the formation of a pattern of interaction and conflict the foreign policy of the islamic republic of iran during the khatami and ahmadinejad administrations.in this article, according to the collection of information and collection of sources such as , book , article , magazine ,internet site , the analytical – descriptive method has been used.

   t    the referendum held on june 23in which voted to leave the eu, finally ended on january 312020, and the country officially left the eu. the relationship betweenat present, britains withdrawel from the european union has led tomuch debate about the future of thise economic_ political   bloc. the eu isnow smaller and weakerwithout britain, and its political and economic influence in the international arena will diminish if in eu officials cannot find a viable alternative to britians membership. given the wide range   of issues and the effects and consequencec that this event has in various fields on britain and the europea   union, in thise study we do not have the oppotunity to examine all aspects of this event and discuss the future of the eu,s common foriegn and security policy. we will focus on the title of one the three main pillars of this economic_ political institution. in the following, using the descriptive_ analytical; method, we intend to answer the question : what effect does the brexit have on the common foriegn and security policy of the european union? asbritain, the eu,s second largest economic power, has a vrto power and is one of the most. importantplayeers in the european and international arena. withdrawel from the eu cloud reduse   the weight and security policy. the european union, as well as an apportunity for france and germany to work for greater cooperation.

Abstract The importance of the media isn’t hidden from anyone these days. The media is referred to as the fourth pillar of democracy, in addition to the print, audio-visual media that are influential social networks have a great impact on things in the new era. The reason is that social network are wider and more accessible and they are always exchanging information. So, they are influential in most social issues. The purpose of this study is to examine the position of social networks and especially the Instagram platform in terms of environmental security. Because, as mentioned, social media has a great impact on social issues and as Buzan says “the environment is a category of security and security is created in the context of society. The main question in this research is: How can Instagram be effective in managing environmental challenges and thus preventing them from turning into political and security threats? To answer this question, the framework chosen is Carson’ view in the book Silent Spring, that as an effective media , increased environmental knowledge and made significant global changes in the direction environmental protection. This research wants to explain this hypothesis by content analysis method: Instagram can be effective in managing environmental challenges by increasing environmental knowledge by producing environmental content such as photos, videos and text and prevents it from becoming a security issue. The data of this study include an analysis of 02 Instagram pages and shows that the pages of environmentalists have played an important role in creating environmental knowledge and awareness and in some cases, they have made serious and positive changes in the field of environmental protection. Non-specialist pages have also been effective with a lower percentage. Keywords: Media, Environmental challenge, Environmental knowledge, Environmental security, Instagram  

   Today, due to the significant role of marketing in various aspects and the need to recognize it, studies in this field are very important. Political marketing is also an interdisciplinary scientific aspect in marketing, sociology, political science and communication sciences due to the current complex and transitional conditions, and studies that can determine its dimensions have already attracted the attention of experts and activists in this field. Due to the lack of a specific background based on inquiries from the Irandac system regarding the effect of political marketing on increasing the soft power component, in this study, political marketing tools and soft power tools were identified and their effects were studied. The effect of political marketing is to increase the soft power component of the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, in this exploratory mixed research (qualitative and quantitative), first in the qualitative phase, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 experts, and with the help of content analysis, categories of both interviews and secondary data including books, internal and external articles, Archives of interviews of news agencies, websites and virtual network channels, including the channel of the Center for Political Marketing Studies affiliated with the Center for Growth of Imam Sadegh (AS) University, were identified. In the quantitative phase of the research, by preparing a researcher-made questionnaire and conducting an expert survey among 46 people from the statistical population, assuming (N = n), the categories were tested and the validity of the questionnaire was valid in two parts: validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha was calculated 0.895). done. Quantitative research results were obtained using   26 software based on Friedman test and the identified categories of qualitative phase were classified. These results showed that in order to attract tourists and foreign investors, the use of political marketing is necessary to increase soft power, and this component was ranked first. Accordingly, various types of diplomacy such as public, official, sports, cultural, communication, event, etc. diplomacy were considered as the most important international political marketing techniques and won first place. National self-confidence was the most important indicator of international political marketing, according to experts, which ranked first among other indicators. Incoherence of programs and strategies in the field of international political marketing was the first constraint on the use of international political marketing, and this constraint was recognized as the most important constraint among the existing constraints. The most effective foreign policy discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to take advantage of international political marketing, the discourse of international detente was identified with realism and purpose. Regarding the current situation and position of the country, the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran was historically and culturally ranked first, but the country's position in terms of export products was ranked eighth among the questions related to the current position, which indicates that in This is a weakness. Therefore, in the suggestions section, separately and for each question, based on the ranks obtained through Friedman test, practical and research explanations are included.

با توجه به اهميت متغير اتحاد والديني در خانواده و اثر آن بر تربيت فرزندان و همچنين استرس و كيفيت روابط زناشويي در   تا كنون پژوهشي مدون و منسجم كه توانسته باشد متغيرهاي فوق الذكر را در قالب يك مدل على تبيين و توصيف كند صورت نگرفته است در اين حوزه خلأ پژوهشي وجود دارد. بنابراين سوال پژوهش حاضر عبارت است از اين كه آيا شوخي و فراغت خانواده مي توانند در ابطه بين اتحاد والديني با استرس والگري نقشي واسطه اي ايفا كند؟

      The phenomenon of smuggling is a problem in all countries, but it a more serious problem in developing countries. This phenomenon is known as a problem for it has pervaded the countries' economy and has negative effects, including disruption of economical policy, contributing to increased poverty, facilitating monopolization and money problems. No doubt, these negative effects, cause disorders in different communities and lead to the lack of balance in socioeconomic systems of countries and slow down or even stop all-round development. Several factors have been cited for smuggling but in this study, three important factors of behavioral, structural and contextual are expressed. The nature of smuggling indicates that this phenomenon is closely related to international law. Therefore, some international efforts have been made to prevent and deal with smuggling and this issue have been attended to form different political, economical and international criminal law aspects and one can see various international institutions and organizations such as the WTO or the World Customs Organization and others have paid special attention to it.This research relies on descriptive and analytical methods and use of library studies to explain the status of contraband goods in international law and raises the strategies to counter this issue from the perspective of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). The results of this study demonstrate the crucial importance of ICC in improving the culture and development of commerce specialized training with the aim of preventing smuggling in the area of ??international trade. It also expresses that ICC can cover part of the gaps in international treaties and regulations underlying the smuggling phenomenon and through this way play its important role in countering smuggling.

This research intends to examine the return to ancient Iran as an issue that is related to the social totality of contemporary Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate concretely and empirically this issue in relation to the socioeconomic status of the society. The theoretical framework of the research, i  ired by Bakhtin on the epic and the novel, is obtained. The method of this research is dialectical materialism, which combines everything in one totality. This research was conducted in the Kermanshah city of 1396 solar time.

  This study aims at determining the strategic positions of the United States of America to the Syrian crisis based on the analytical approach of "strategic ambiguity" is. Strategic ambiguity is a foreign policy for security environments where the confrontation between the great powers does not seem very likely. On this basis, the strategic ambiguity is a paradoxical sense, as a state with superior penetration and to maintain stability in a critical situation is chasing This duality and contradiction of this on is that the crisis under normal circumstances, includes measures such as reducing and minimizing ambiguity by clarifying and identifying the means and ways to achieve a better result in order to change the status quo and Management crisis In this study, the United States of Americas strategic position on the Syrian crisis be analyzed. Garlic and the Syrian crisis suggests that in parallel with the deepening and spread of the crisis, Americas policy of strategic ambiguity device approach to foreign policy under President Barack Obama, Direct intervention and aggressive strategies during the presidency of Donald Trump, has evolved.The main questions the study seeks to explain how it is that the United States of America has adopted what position toward Syrian crisis? The hypothesis that will be evaluated as follows: It turns out "approach to foreign policy of the United States of America to the Syrian crisis has been accompanied by a strategic ambiguity". The method in this research is descriptive analysis and data collection is the library.

  ISIS (Daesh) as a force Salafi and suicide, and disrupted the regional geo-political order and is working with an ideology of internationalism, based Sais-Picot borders fade and the new government is established. Emerging and man-made crisis that precedes the wisdom and knowledge sees and quotes the superficial and selective interpretation of the Koran, denies any discretion and interpretation. This multinational organization exclusivist reading of the fundamental concepts of Islamic extremism, believes that Islam should be in accordance with the understandings leaders first three centuries of Islam as a religious justification for all times and places and get implemented. Activism and Mounting hostile sentiments in the multinational group can not ignore the role of non-ideological, regional and trans-regional. However, for the establishment of the caliphate showed behavior inhuman, heinous crimes, ritual, history, classic, naked, direct, u  eakable and reduplicate violence. This idea opposed to with peace as a moral principle and is eager of genocide. In this regard provide the narrow semantic of Islam and a very broad concept of heresy and with the criminal religion has become a source of tension, extreme violence and unique identification of the region and some parts of the world. Believes that all over the world and the pagan heresy and straying saved violent ways. Takfiri terrorist groups, according to verse 123 of Surah Taobe from the Koran, Sunni hard-liners in the world towards combating non-Wahhabi Muslims, both Sunnis and Shiites as "near enemy" and his main priority calls. Accordingly managed to attract many people from the Middle East, North Africa and around the world, and the religious justifications for their behavior, they tried to Their own introduce Sunni savior. But at least a large part of the Sunni scholars rejected the group or because of intense action and violence of the Islamic State had to abandon it. So-the growing trend   the emergence of   terrorist Takfiri in the region and around the world, everyone has been realized the danger of their widespread and Considering the positions and actions anti Iranian of ISIS, Salafi-Takfiri-terrorist Performance Review will be of particular importance and to formulate appropriate strategies for maintain unity among Muslims and also cope with extreme currents and make/providing more and effective choices and more, will help to control and inhibition of ISIS On behalf of the Islamic Republic of Iran.   Therefore, aim of this research seeks to/ answer these questions/ ask /will be followed by the question that the intellectual Basics ISIS violence, What relation with foundations of knowledge and belief of the four Sunni sects? To answer this question, and the uses library based resources is descriptive and analytical analysis.

تاريخ نشان دهنده روابط مناسب ايران و كشور‏‏هاي اروپايي مي باشد. اين رابطه قبل از پيروزي انقلاب اسلامي ايران روابطي مناسب و پر رونق بود. حجم بالايي مناسبات اقتصادي و سياسي نشان از روابط مناسب و در خور طرفين بود. حضور ايران در اردوگاه غرب و به عنوان متحد استراتژيك امريكا در منطقه بدون شك عامل اصلي رونق روابط ايران و اتحاديه اروپا بود. با فروپاشي شوروي و پايان جنگ سرد فضا براي بازگيري بيشتر و فعال تر اتحاديه اروپا فراهم شد. و روابط ايران و اتحاديه اروپا در سطح مناسبي قرارگرفت. بعد از پيروزي انقلاب و سياست خارجي نه شرقي و نه غربي جمهوري اسلامي ايران و ايجاد اختلافاتي بين ايران و اتحاديه اروپا   تحت تاثير امريكا روابط ايران واتحاديه اروپا دچار ركود و تنزلي چشمگير شد كه به حجم پايين مراودات اقتصادي و سياسي منجر شد. طرح مسائلي چون حقوق بشر و نوع ديدگاه طرفين به بحث تروريسم و... در پاره اي از مواقع حتي به قطع ارتباط طرفين هم انجاميد. با طرح مساله هسته‏اي ايران اين اختلافات عميق تر شد. با مذاكرات چند ساله نهايتا موضوع هسته‏اي ايران   به سرانجام رسيد و طرفين ايران و قدرت‏‏هاي جهاني مساله هسته‏اي ايران را از موضوعي امنيتي به موضوعي فني تغيير دادند. پژوهش   با طرح اين سوال كه برجام چه تاثيري   بر روابط ايران و اتحاديه اروپا خواهد گذاشت با استفاده از روش تحليلي-توصيفي برجام را باعث رونق روابط اقتصادي-سياسي ايران و اتحاديه اروپا مي داند.

  THE POSITION OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN THE MIDDLE EASTERN FOREIGN POLICY OF UNITED STATES AFTER SEPTEMBER 11  Abstract:The United States of America is taken to account as the most effective trans regional political player in the Middle East, during recent 50 years. The U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East has experienced different models from direct military intervention to indirect and secret support from events and regional crisis in the recent decades from the other side and as a result of direct and indirect presence of the U.S. in the Middle east the wave of objection and resistance against this country has been intensified, This fact has resulted in gradual policy shift toward utilizing new and more complicated tools and methods in Middle East foreign policy by the U.S. one of this methods, specially after September 11th is public diplomacy. This research is to clarify employing public diplomacy in the United states foreign policy in the Middle East. Thus basis of thesis is this strategic question that: Whats the role of public diplomacy in the U.S. Middle Eastern foreign policy of 9/11. The hypothesis which is processed in the framework of institutional Liberalism is that: public diplomacy has changed to the U.S. most important foreign policy approach toward Middle East.   ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــKeywords: The U.S, foreign policy, Middle East, Soft power.  Institutional liberalism.     

  Abstract  With Obama?s administation, we are witness to the adjustment in the foreign policy of United states incomparison with Bush period. Obama has created this changing through rotation the strategy and emphasizing on distance of soft power and prioritizing diplomacy with goal of accomplishment of Iran?s nuchear issue. His approach, based on changing policy in the from of the smart power, is considered as one of important pivotes in the United stste?s foreign policy.So foreign policy of this country in face with Iran?s nuclear dossier has been accompanimented by 2 mutual of formal diplomatic campaign on the one hand, and applying encouraging and punitive policies in form of sanctions, on the other hand. Following this policy from America made Iran adopt a realistic approach in its foreign policy against America?s new strategy. Hence, Iran?s new approach has followed the negotiations based on the flexible and diplomatic view not merely based on the security view. We want to answer this question: What is the effect of America?s smart power on the flow of negotiations between Iran?s and west (5+1 group)? It is concluded that United state?s policy that it?s based on the smart power, leads into changing   the style of negotiations between Iran and 5+1 group.This revolution has been applied through interaction in form of heroics flexibility, wich has been originated from our country?s foreign policy system. Prominence of diplomatic tools against Iran?s nuclear program, has changed the form of negotiations and Iran?s strategic action in front of America?s new approach was in the atmosphere of applying heroic   suppleness in during negotiations.      Key words: Iran?s nuclear dossier, Foreign policy of Obama?s state, Smart power, Heroic suppleness.    

    Abstract:After the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet UnionType text or a website address or translate a document.Cancel  a issue was clear to everyone and that is security not Summarized only to military dimension. In here scientists paid to redefine of security and its dimensions. One of the security dimensions in new form related to environmental topics. Environment has branches and various dimensions including soil, forest, and air and so on. Including this dimensions that will be named as the modern problem of humanity and underlie of future wars is «water shortage ». The aim of this study was to identify one of the most fundamental challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran in the 21st century the " water shortage " and then examine the role of this situation at the national security in Iran in order to analyze the data to understand why the importance of water shortage. The water shortage in the world today that is whatever reason has a feature and that water is not merely an economic good to resolving the daily needs and can take form of security. Nowadays water shortage is a global phenomenon and concerns for most countries have created. In here the main research question is that what is the impact of the water shortage on national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran?And probable responses researcher that the water shortage has the ability of threatening the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.  Keywords: Environmental crisis, water crisis, national security, Copenhagen School, the Islamic Republic of Iran.