شناسايي، ارزيابي و اولويت دهي به تزيينات مطلوب در يك فضاي معماري مي تواند موجب بهبود كيفيت بصري و به تبع ارتقاي كيفي فضاي معماري گردد. تزيينات به عنوان يكي از مهم ترين مولفه هاي كيفيت بصري نقش مهمي در شكل‌گيري بار ادراكي ساكنان و تجربه آنان از فضاي معماري دارد و مي تواند موجب شكل گيري احساس رضايت از فضاي سكونت گردد. هدف پايان نامه حاضر، طراحي آپارتمان مسكوني با توجه به ميزان مطلوبيت تزيينات نزد ساكنان مي باشد. به همين منظور چندين مصداق از خانه هاي سنتي و ارزشمند كرمانشاه بر مبناي وجود تزيينات متنوع كالبدي انتخاب شده و به جمع آوري داده ها در دو بخش يافته هاي توصيفي شامل منابع اسنادي و‌كتابخانه اي و يافته هاي استنباطي به صورت تهيه و توزيع پرسشنامه‌ تصويري و محقق ساخت، پرداخته شد. پس از تجزيه و تحليل يافته ها به صورت توصيفي و استباطي مشخص شد تزييناتي كه ماهيت ايجاد ريتم، تاكيد و تناسب را در خود دارند احساس رضايت بيشتري در مخاطب ايجاد مي كنند. در نتيجه شش مورد از تزيينات‌‎كه به ترتيب اوليت شامل: تزيينات آجري تكرار شونده، شاخص نمودن بخش مياني، خطوط عمودي و تقسيمات فرد، ستون و سر‌ستون، طاق و طاق نما و تزيينات چوبي مي باشد؛ بيشترين مطلوبيت را نزد جامعه آماري كسب نموده اند. و در نهايت اين تزيينات در طراحي يك واحد آپارتمان مسكوني متوسط پنج طبقه   در شهر كرمانشاه بكار گرفته شد. كليد واژه: تزيينات، طراحي آپارتمان مسكوني، رضايت مندي، كيفيت فضايي، كرمانشاه  

Abstract SOI (Silicon-on-Insulator) field effect transistor is a transistor with many advantages over conventional silicon transistors, which is an advanced technology used in semiconductor transistors, here it is SOI-MESF transistor. The effect of the metal-semiconductor field is discussed. Using two metals (platinum) in SIO2 and one piece of oxide in the SI transistor improves DC WRF characteristics, increases breakdown voltage, increases cutoff frequency, improves potential, and improves current. . In particular, the changes made in the SOI-MESFET structure significantly improve the performance of these transistors. SOI-MESFET is very suitable for high-frequency and high-power applications, SOI-MESFET transistors are used in applications due to their special characteristics. Some of these applications include:    • High-frequency circuits: due to the reduction of interference capacitance, these transistors are suitable for high-frequency and microwave circuits. • RF amplifiers: due to thermal stability and optimal performance at high temperatures, they are used in radio frequency (RF) amplifiers. • High power circuits: due to high breakdown voltage and reduction of self-heating forces, they are used in high power circuits. • Applications: Due to the mentioned military features, they are also used in military and aerospace equipment. • Integrated circuits: due to low power consumption and high stability, it is used in integrated circuits and systems on a chip.

   Today, the issue of climate change and fluctuations and the anomalies resulting from it is one of the most important global issues. Detecting changes in precipitation and temperature is used as the primary evidence of climate change in many regions of the world. Therefore, in this research, by examining the changes in the rainfall of Kermanshah province in different time scales of the year, season and month, it was done to determine the cause of flooding in the part of the streets leading to Nobahar Blvd. Surface water collection networks are responsible for directing and transferring surface water caused by rainfall and daily use, but nowadays, due to the expansion of urbanization and the significant increase in impervious surfaces, this possibility has already become difficult and effective for them. With these transmission networks, Nobahar Boulevard faces many problems during rainfall and runoff. It is possible to help improve the conditions and satisfaction of the people of Kermanshah. And the unpleasant face of waterlogged streets, which causes people's dissatisfaction and also causes pollution to be removed from the city.

   Abstract    Oramanat region, including Hajij village, is one of the tourist regions with mountainous nature, 25 kilometers northwest of Paveh city. Its typical construction is buildings with unreinforced materials, stone with or without mortar. Due to economic issues and the availability of stone, it has always been considered one of the primary materials. Considering that these areas are located in high seismic hazard regions, this study was proposed to evaluate the seismic vulnerability. This study states the history of seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings, and various qualitative and quantitative methods are introduced. First, the rapid qualitative assessment method was used for the seismic evaluation. The quality of forty-one unreinforced stone masonry buildings with wooden roofs was evaluated. Of these forty-one buildings, eight are one-story, and thirty-three are two-story. All buildings were investigated based on Iranian instruction No. 376 for seismic improvement of existing masonry buildings. Building number 16, with a vulnerability score of 62.37%, was determined to be highly vulnerable. This building was modeled and evaluated quantitatively. For a quantitative assessment, the building plan map was prepared and confirmed. It was modeled with the continuous model approach in the ABAQUS finite element software, the model includes cross walls, diaphragms and supports for validation. The model was used from frequency analysis with relatively good results, and the model was confirmed. According to the three records of the acceleration maps of Javanroud, Sarpol-e-Zahab, and Nosud, which were scaled to the standard earthquake, it was subjected to non-linear dynamic analysis, and the extracted results indicate that these buildings are highly vulnerable. The building on the second floor is more exposed to damage. The displacement in the roof is caused by the lack of rigidity and improper connection between the wall and the ceiling. The surrounding wall, the internal walls, and the building are deformed in the place of the openings, and the connection of the walls, sliding and diagonal cracks, and more tension contours are visible around the openings and bending failure at the base of the walls. In the end, it is suggested that the database for stone buildings be checked, and the seismic evaluation of stone buildings should be studied with a plan and irregular porcelain stone.    Keywords: Vulnerability, unreinforced masonry building, stone, Hajij village   

In this research, biological plasticizer   were made based on edible oil waste using epoxidation and esterification reactions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of adding these bioplasticizers in PVC as a plasticizer and compare its properties with dioctyl phthalate (petroleum-based plasticizer). In this evaluation, FTIR, TGA, DSC analyses, brittleness test during stretching, hardness testing, and migration and fugacity resistance testing were performed. By performing the TGA test, it was found that the PVC sample synthesized with our bioplasticizer has a higher degradation temperature, which means more heat resistance compared to other samples. The tensile test analysis showed that the PVC produced with bioplasticizer in Compared with dioctyl phthalate, it has good tensile stability and the failure graph during stretching was close to the graph of dioctyl phthalate, which results showed that it has almost the same behavior as dioctyl phthalate and this softener can improve the flexibility of PVC.Then, by examining the dissolution of different synthesized samples in different solvents (polar and non-polar), we came to the conclusion that the reduction in the mass of the sample synthesized with this biological softener in non-polar solvents was significantly less and more stable, but in Polar solvents were more reducing the mass of the sample due to the polar structure of the bioplasticizer. Also, compared to other samples, it showed lower volatility and higher thermal stability in the volatility test.

  polymer materials are widely used in many household and industrial tools

   Abstract In order to promote culture and knowledge, tourism, recognition and expansion of international relations, and the introduction of the ego of a society at the global level, as well as repairing or eliminating the gap between nations, we conduct research in relation to their culture. In this definition, culture is a selection of manners, customs, beliefs and behaviors that have occurred consistently on the part of a nation, and the majority of that society has secrets about their implementation and acceptance and directly accepted it. Since humanity is the only species that is based on the institutionalized and created system of thought throughout history, it is the main factor in the formation of any society, whether at the level of small colonies of the Stone Age or modern civilized people based on a series of ideas and beliefs. It has been common that it is called cultureIn this research, the researcher examines the concept of the sense of vitality and the factors that influence its creation, and after examining these issues, he tries to create a sense of vitality, dynamism, and a sense of place belonging in each and every space and use of the House of Culture and Art. For this purpose, the researcher should prevent the monotony and repetitiveness of the spaces and realize this importance with the help of diversity in architectural design, culture and color. Finally, with the help of these things, he can create a suitable platform for the dissemination of culture and art. And most importantly, by designing the house of culture and art with the approach that was mentioned, a deep connection between architecture and culture can be established so that both arts excel in their place. Also, to realize the chosen approach, surely the house of culture and art is infinite. They will be effective. Therefore, the main and final goal of this research is to design the house of culture and art with the approach of creating a sense of vitality in its audience..

Razi University is located in the vicinity of mostly low-income neighborhoods such as Bagh Abrisham and Taq Bostan. These neighborhoods do not have enough cultural, scientific, and sports facilities, while the university has the necessary facilities to meet these needs. Also, there are experienced, active and elite people among the local people who can be beneficial for the neighborhood and the university. But currently, despite the fencing and control, the possibility of non-students attending the university and mutually benefiting from each other is low, and it has caused the separation of these two strata and the feeling of rejection of the neighborhood people and the university's indifference to the problems of their neighbors. In this thesis, firstly, by studying books and articles in the library, the definitions of first- to fifth-generation universities, examples of successful cases, neighborhood, social interaction, spatial separation, social exclusion and interspace will be determined, then by analyzing the successful examples, the strengths and methods will be determined. It will be used in the space designer. In the field method, by visiting the site, observing and collecting information about the environment, as well as checking the maps, a detailed understanding of the site and the characteristics and needs of the space will be obtained, and the needs will be assessed by interviewing local people and experts, and the interview will be analyzed using the AHP method. The design will be paid. It will be tried To respond to the cultural, scientific, and sports needs of the neighborhood as much as possible, to identify elite and active people, to create jobs for the neighborhood people and students by creating local jobs, and to increase the communication between students and local people, which increases the sense of belonging. People go to the university and students to the neighborhood and create a constructive interaction between them.   

  

Accurate and timely diagnosis of brain tumors is essential for effective treatment of this disease. The choice of treatment method depends on the level of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the type of pathology and its grade. Glioma brain tumor is the most common type of primary brain tumor and all of them originate from glial cells that surround neurons. In diagnosing this type of disease, computer-aided diagnosis methods have helped neurologists in various ways. Recent works in this field have led to improved efficiency with the emergence of the concept of deep learning. Computer-aided recognition systems approaches include preprocessing, segmentation, feature analysis (feature extraction, feature selection, and feature verification) and >   In this thesis, methods based on image processing, machine learning, and deep learning have been used to identify glioma brain tumors and >The dataset used in this research is Brats2018, which includes 210 MRI images of high-grade glioma tumors and 75 images of low-grade glioma tumors. In the first proposed method, image segmentation was done using the combination of K-Means clustering algorithm and Coyote optimization algorithm, as well as different feature extraction methods, including texture feature extraction using local binary patterns method and deep feature extraction. From the trained neural network and the pre-trained VGG16 network, among the mentioned methods, the extraction of deep features resulting from the precise adjustment of the pre-trained VGG16 network brought the best results. This proposed method reached an acceptable accuracy of 99%. In the second proposed method, the clustering centers were optimized using the coronavirus algorithm, and the previous feature extraction methods were also implemented for this method, and the best performance related to feature extraction was through a trained neural network. be In this process, we reached 99.80% accuracy. Keywords: Glioma Brain Tumors, Clustering, Coyote Meta-heuristic Algorithm, Coronavirus meta-heuristic algorithm   

   One applications of the nanocomposites is for various membranes for different separations tasks. The alignment of nanofillers in nanocomposites, in addition to the effect of their incorporation, can lead to further improvement in their structural and functional properties. In this research, an attempt was made to incorporate halloysite nanotubes in nanocomposite membranes by the aid of an electrical field and the effect of alignment on CO2 and CH4 gas permeations was investigated. In addition, it was tried to modify the nanotubes by Ag cation with the aim of improving alignability in electrical filed and also improving their CO2 permeability. FTIR, FESEM, EDS, XRD and AFM analysis were carried out on the membranes to evaluate their modification of the structure, morphology and functionalization of nanofillers. The results of the investigation indicated the presence of Ag cations on the nanotubes results in a better, more uniform structure and more aligned nanotubes in the nanocomposite membranes under electric field compared to the membranes prepared without applied electric field. By modification of the nanotubes, more alignment and uniformity were observed than those for the membrane prepared without modification. This can be attributed to the more electrical field susceptibility of Ag cations. Permeability and selectivity of CO2 and CH4 pure gases were measured through the membranes prepared under operating conditions of 25 °C and 5 bar. The measurement results revealed that the incorporation, modification and alignment of the nanotubes increases the permeability and selectivity of the membranes compared to the pristine polymer membrane. The best observed results were for mixed matrix membranes loaded by 1 wt. % of the filler nanotubes. Pebax/HNT (1 wt. %) mixed matrix membranes under direct current electric field of 1000 V/cm showed increments of 30.23 and 12.86 % for CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity compared to those membrane prepared without applied electric field, respectively. The best results were observed for the Pebax/Ag-HNT (1 wt. %) mixed matrix membrane prepared by application of direct current electric field (1000 V/cm) by increments of 84.57 and 33.97 % compared to the pristine polymer membrane; 33.42 and 10.17% compared to the mixed matrix membrane without application of electric field Pebax/Ag-HNT and 57.97 and 21.55 % compared to mixed matrix membranes of Pebax/HNT (1 wt. %) without applied electric field for CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity respectively.

   In recent years, membrane processes have attracted a lot of attention in natural gas separation/sweetening and in this regard the polymeric membranes had a considerable growth in application and performance. Incorporation of modified filler particles is an effective way to further improve the separation performance of these membranes. In this research, the effect of halloysite nanotubes modification agent with polyaniline and their incorporating as filler particles in Pebax-1657 polymer matrix is investigated. Nanocomposite membranes were made in different filler particles’ loadings of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt. % by the solution casting method. FTIR, XRD, EDX, AFM and FESEM structural tests were performed to investigate the modification of nanofillers and their dispersion in the prepared membranes. The results showed the proper distribution of the incorporated nanoparticles in the polymer matrix and the presence of functional groups in the raw and modified halloysite nanofiller. Gas permeation experiments were performed at 25 °C and 5 bar pressure. The results revealed increment effect of the filler particles incorporation on the prepared membranes’ CO2 permeability and ideal CO2/CH4 selectivity up to loading 1 wt. %. The maximum values of CO2 permeability and ideal CO2/CH4 selectivity were obtained at 1 wt. % loading of the raw and the modified filler nanoparticles as 47.05 and 57.19 Barrer, 18.97 and 20.21, respectively, which revel increments 17.27, 42.55, 10.16 and 17.36 % compared to those of the pure membrane. The effect of applying a direct electric current field of 1000 V/cm on the nanocomposite membranes with 1 wt. % was also investigated. CO2 permeability of the nanocomposite membranes incorporated by the raw and the modified nanofiller were measured as 61.05 and 73.01 Barrer and their ideal CO2/CH4 selectivity were calculated as 21.42 and 24.17, respectively, showed 66.76, 27.29, 12.92 and 19.6 % increments compared to the nanocomposite membrane without applying electric field. The improved separation performance of the nanocomposite membranes incorporated by containing PANI modified HNTs can be attributed to their PANI modification in which the CO2 molecules have more affinity toward the PANI functional groups on the HNTs compared to their original OH functional groups of raw HNTs and finally leads to the higher CO2 solubility and permeability through their incorporated membranes. The application of an electric field, especially in the HNT membrane modified with PANI, resulted in more regularly distribution of the filler nanoparticles, as revealed by FESEM images, and finally their higher separation performance.    Keywords: Natural Gas Separation, Nanocomposite Membranes, Halloysite Nanotubes, Polyaniline, Pebax-1657, Electric Field.

  امروزه پلي اتيلن يكي ازپرمصرف ترين پلاستيك ها در جهان مي باشد.مقاومت شيميايي بـالا، خـواص مكـانيكي مناسـب، خـواص الكتريكي و عايق بودن، قيمت مناسب، تنوع و فرايند پذيري آسان پلي اتيلن را درزمره پلاستيك هاي پرمصرف قرار داده است. با اين وجود دماي سرويس دهي پايين، مقاومت كم در مقابل شعله و نفوذ پذيري زياد در مقابل گازها كاربردهاي اين مـاده را در برخي از محصولات صنعتي محدود كرده است. يكي از راه هاي غلبه بر چنين نقائصي استفاده از پركننده هاي ويـژه و همچنـين شبكه اي كردن مي باشد. شبكه اي كردن پلي اتيلن را به ماده اي گرماسخت تبديل ميكند كه علاوه بردارا بودن دماي سرويس دهي بالاتر، استحكام ضربه بالاتر، بازدهي حرارتي بهتر و مقاومت شيميايي بالاتري دارد. روش هاي شبكه اي پلي اتـيلن.در ميـان روش هاي مختلف شبكه اي كردن پلي اتيلن روش سيلاني كه از سهولت فرايند و عدم نياز بـه تجهيـزات گـران قيمـت و قابليـت كاربرد در محصولات مختلف مانند سيم و كابل، لوله و فيلم برخوردار اسـت در ايـن پـروژه اسـتفاده شـده اسـت. بـا توجـه بـه اهميت ساختار مولكولي و نظر به توليد گريدهاي مختلف پلي اتيلن در داخل كشور و روند رو به رشد اسـتفاده از ايـن مـواد در جهان در اين پروژه اثر ساختار مولكولي و توپولوژي بر روي گرافت شدن و شبكه اي شدن پلي اتيلنهـاي مختلـف وآلياژهـاي آنها بررسي شده است. در بخش ديگري از كار اثرافزودن EVA و نانورس بر خواص پلـي اتـيلن شـبكه اي مـورد مطالعـه قـرار گرفته است. همچنين خواص حرارتي و رئولـوژيكي نمونـه هـاي پخـت شـده و گرافـت شـده بررسـي شـده اسـت. مشخصـات مولكولي مواد مانند اوزان مولكولي متوسط عددي و وزني، توزيع وزن مولكـولي، ميـزان و نـوع شـاخه، ميـزان گروه هـاي غيـر اشباع توسط آزمونهاي كروماتوگرافي ژل تراوايي، طيف سنجي رزونانس مغناطيسي هسته و طيف سنجي زير قرمزمحاسبه شد. ميزان گرافت شدن توسط آزمون طيف سنجي زيرقرمزتبديل فوريه و خواص شبكه توسط آزمون هاي درصد ژل، تـورم و -Hot set مطالعه شده است. واكنش گرافت شدن در حالت مذاب با استفاده از وينيل تـري متوكسـي سـيلان ودي كيوميـل پراكسـيد انجام شد. نتايج نشان داد كه وزن مولكولي مهمترين پارامتردر تغييرات ميزان گرافت شـدن مـي باشـد. ميـزان گرافـت شـدن بـا افزايش وزن مولكولي متوسط عددي و وزني زياد شد. افزايش تعداد شاخه هاي جانبي به دليل كاهش حجـم حلقـه پليمـري در مواردي مي تواند باعث كاهش ميزان گرافت شدن شود اما حضور گروه هاي غيراشـباع موجـب افـزايش ميـزان گرافـت شـدن سيلان مي شود. ترتيب ميزان گرافت شدن مطابق LDPE› HDPE› LLDPE و ترتيـب ميـزان درصـد ژل و سـرعت شـبكه اي شدن عموما به صورت HDPE› LLDPE› LDPE بود. به دليل حضور دو جزء سل و ژل رفتار ذوب و بلورينگي نمونه هاي پخت شده نشان از غير يكنواختي در ساختار مولكولي را مي دهد ودر صد بلورينگي در اثر شبكه اي شدن كاهش يافت. رفتـار رئولوژيكي در حالت ديناميك به شدت تحت تاثير گرافت شدن سيلان قرار مي گيرد. افزودن EVA بـه پلـي اتيلنهـاي مختلـف باعث افزايش درصد ژل و سرعت شبكه اي شدن به ويژه براي HDPE شد با اين وجـود هيچكـدام از نمونـه هـاي آلياژشـده بـا EVA نتوانستند با موفقيت آزمون set-Hot را پشت سربگذراننـد. نـانورس خـالص در دوفراينـد متفـاوت يكـي قبـل از واكـنش گرافت شدن و ديگري بعد از آن به پلي ا تيلن سبك خطي اضافه شد. نتايج نشان داد كه افزودن نانورس خالص باعـث افـزايش درصد ژل و افزايش سرعت شبكه اي شدن مي شود. اين افزايش به ويژه در حالتيكه نانورس بعد از واكنش گرافت شدن اضافه شود بسيار قابل ملاحظه مي باشد. نتايج FTIR احتمال انجام واكنش شيميايي بين گروههاي نانورس با سيلان داد.همچنين نتـايج XRD نشاندهنده اينتركليت شدن نانورس در اثر مخلوط شدن با پلي اتين گرافت شده با سيلان كه قطبيت بالايي بـود. بـاافزودن نانورس و شبكه اي شدن غير يكنواختي در رفتار ذوب و كاهش درصد بلـورينگي مشـاهده شـد. ويسـكوزيته مركـب و مـدول ذخيره در اثرافزودن نانورس به پلي اتيلن گرافت شده افزايش يافتند.

  فرآيند كاتاليزوري   با استفاده ازتترا كلريد تيتانيوم   وديگر تركيبات وابسته، رايج ترين پروسه توليدي براي چرخه زيگلر ناتااست.روش هاي ديگري در اين چند وقت اخير ابداع شده اند كه همگي منتج به توليد وپليمريزاسيون گشته است ولي رايج ترين و در دسترس ترين روش و بومي سازي شده ترينروش، همين روش مي باشد.اين روش با توجه به تثبيت شدن در تمام جهات اكنون روشياقتصادي مي باشد و از همه لحاظ توجيه پذيري اقتصادي دارد كه مي توان   به بومي سازي شرايط آزمايشگاهي،به وفور در دسترس بودنتجهيزات آزمايشگاهي ،ساخت پلنت هاي متعدد توليدي ،بازدهي بالاي توليد محصول وپليمريزاسيون و... نام برد ولي با توجه به ماهيت پژوهشي علم و اينكه هميشه بهدنبال راهي براي بهبود يافته ها و دستاوردهاي قبلي مي باشد سعي شده كه نقاطضعف   يافته هاي قبلي پوشش داده   شده و به بهبود و خلق پيشنهادات جديد بپردازد.در ابتدا با اضافه كردن كردن عناصر فلزي مانندFeCl3   و SiCl3 در فاز گازي[22] ،كاتاليزورهايي را ساخته و به وسيله روش ودستگاههاي آزمايشگاهي از قبيل SEM،   ETو EDX تاثير اينعناصر بر افزايش فعاليت كاتاليست مورد بررسي قرار گرفتند.سپس در فاز دوغابي واكنش مورد بررسي قرارگرفت.در انتهاي نتايج بررسي در جدولي مقايسه ايگردآوري و جمع بندي گرديد.بحث پاياني كه مهمترين و اصلي ترين موضوع اينپژوهش و شاكله اصلي آن مي باشد به اصلاح و افزايش واكنش پذيري كاتاليست هاي زيگلرناتا مي پردازد.با توجه به وجود الكل و حلال هگزان در چرخهواكنش و توليد كاتاليست ، وجود آلودگي ها و آلكوكسي ها در واكنش اجتناب ناپذير ميباشد.آلكوكسي ها باعث تخريب واكنش اصلي و انجام واكنش كاذب و متعاقبا عدم ايجادزنجيره پليمريزاسيون و توليد پليمر ميگردند.لذا بايستي آلكوكسي ها   به حد قابل قبولي كه نقطه تعادلي بين واكنشپذيري و اقتصادي بودن واكنش باشد كاهش يابند.براي اين منظور روش جديد شستشوي كاتاليستابداع گرديده است.ابتدا با نمونه گيري 6 متر مكعب از پايه كاتاليستمحلول در هگزان شروع به تعيين دماي نقطه ابتدايي آزمايش   است مي نماييم.اين دما اندكي كمتر از نقطه جوشهگزان است. نمونه گرفته شده را به آزمايشگاه منتقل كرده و مو پس از تهيه سياليكدست و كاملا حل شده ، پس از تبخير حلال ،آن را به پودر كاتاليست تبديل مي نماييم.پودرحاصله را پس از تبديل به قرص به دستگاهIR جهت تشخيص ميزان آلودگي به آلكوكسي ها منتقل مي نماييم ونتايج حاصل را ثبت و ضبط مي نماييم. سپس بطور متوالي 14 مرحله ديگر را همين ترتيبكه نمونه را در بازه دمايي بعدي تا توليد قرص كاتاليست پيگيري نموده و جهت تست واندازه گيري آلكوكسي به آزمايشگاه ميفرستيم.با آناليز نتايج حاصله دستگاه IR   مشاهده ميشود كه نرخ كاهش از مرحله پنجم به بعدبشدت كاهش يافته زيرا اغلب آلودگي آلكوكسي ها  در همان پنج مرحله ابتدايي كاهش يافته و نرخ كاهش بعد از مرحله پنجم باتوجه به مقدار هگزان مصرفي و مقوله اقتصادي آن قابل اعتنا نمي باشد.لذا شرايط فرآيندي مرحله پنجم شستشو كه دماي55 درجه و ميزان مجاز الكوكسي 100PPM     مي باشد را به عنوان مبنا انتخاب نموده و از اينبه بعد براي رسيدن به ميزان100 PPM تا پنج مرحله شستشو مي دهيم.  

   Abstract One of the global concerns is the increase in the temperature of the earth due to the increase in the distribution of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide as one of the greenhouse gases has a major contribution to the increase in the temperature of the earth and due to its corrosive nature, especially in the presence of water vapor, it should be removed from the natural gases in the pipeline. and remove the output equipment from refineries, petrochemicals and/or factory chimneys. Among the different separation methods, membrane processes are suitable processes due to their low operating cost, compatibility with the environment, high efficiency, less area, less mechanical complexity, ease of construction/start-up of the continuous unit. In this research, Pebax 1657 polymer was used as a polymer matrix and graphene oxide as a base filler to deposit zinc metal cations to create a facilitated transfer mechanism to the base membrane mechanism for CO2 percolation over CH4. Pure polymer membranes and nanocomposite with a concentration of Wt. 8% and solution casting method were made and their gas transfer properties were evaluated. Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and EDX tests were used to check the morphological structure and also, Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) test was used to check the type of bonding and functional groups that appeared in the structure. Inserting the oxide graphene sheets into the polymer matrix made the gas diffusion path longer and more tortuous and caused a decrease in permeability and an increase in the selectivity of gases in it. To compensate for the reduced permeability, polyethylene glycol was used to modify graphene oxide, but it did not have a significant effect on the passage of large gas molecules such as CH4. FESEM images showed the adhesion and dispersion of nanoparticles and the results of EDX test showed the weight percentage of zinc element in Pebax-DP-Zn2+ nanoparticles. Also, the FTIR test confirmed the successful bonding between polyethylene glycol and zinc chloride with graphene oxide. By modifying the surface of graphene oxide by dopamine and placing Zn2+ cations as an agent facilitating the transfer of CO2 molecules on graphene oxide, their transfer was improved by a facilitated transfer mechanism. The performance of membranes in gas separation was investigated using pure CO2 and CH4 gases at a pressure of 5 bar and a temperature of 25 ± 2°C. in Pebax-GO-PEG membrane with loading wt. 0.5% of graphene oxide nanosheets increased the permeability and selectivity by 5% and 9%, respectively, compared to the pure membrane. These changes for Pebax-GO-DP-Zn2+ membrane with wt. 1% filler increased the permeability and selectivity compared to pure membrane by 24% and 8%, respectively.    Key words: nanocomposite membrane, graphene oxide, facilitated tra  ort, permeability, carbon dioxide.

  چكيده :   با توجه به توسعه شهرها و افزايش تراكم جمعيت در ساليان اخير تعداد طبقات زير زمين و عمق گودبرداري افزايش يافته است.وبه دليل انجام گودبرداري هاي غيراصولي در موارد متعددي شاهد فروريختن ديواره هاي گود و يا ساختمان هاي جانبي مي باشيم بنابراين نيازمند پايداري ديوارهاي گودبرداري مي باشد.اما اين كار مشكلات ويژه اي دارد كه هزينه هاي بالاي اجراي سيستم هاي پايداري مهندسان را به سمت ميخ گذاري سوق داده است.در اكثر تحقيقات صورت گرفته بررسي و تحليل عنصرهاي پايدارسازي گود با فرض در نظر گرفتن لايه هاي افقي خاك بوده است اما در واقعيت لايه هاي خاك ممكن است مورب نيز باشند و همچنين خاك داراي چندين لايه مختلف باشد .هدف ازاين تحقيق بررسي تاثير شيب لايه بندي خاك بر روي عملكرد ميخ ها مي باشد كه سعي خواهد شد با در نظر گرفتن آرايش ميخ ها و وجود لايه بندي مختلف خاك و تاثير آن بر روي فاصله و زاويه ميخ ها و هم چنين تاثير مقاومت لايه ها بر روي ميخ ها بررسي گردد كه در نهايت منجر به كنترل تغيير شكل ديواره گود به طور بهينه خواهد شد و ضريب اطمينان مجاز براي اين نوع مسائل بدست خواهد آمد.  يكي از نرم افزارهاي پركاربرد جهت مدلسازي ديوارهاي ميخكوبي شده نرم افزار plaxis مي باشد. در اين نرم افزار   مـي توان از مدل هاي رفتاري متفاوتي از قبيلمدل موركولمب, خاك سـخت شـونده و خـاك سـخت شـونده بـا احتسـاب افزايش سختي در كرنش هاي كوچك استفاده نمود كه نمايان گـر رفتارهـاي متفـاوتي بـراي مصـالح خـاك محـيط مـي باشند. هدف اصلي اين پايان نامه بررسي و مقايسه اين مدل ها, مزايا و معايب آنها بـه نسـبت يكـديگر و همچنـين بررسـي تاثير پارامترهاي متفاوت اين مدل ها بر روي اط?عات خروجي حاصل از مدلسازي مي باشد.  در اين پايان نامه، در ابتداي امر تاريخچه كلي از اجراي سازه نگهبان گفته مي شود و پس از بررسـيكليـات روش مـيخ كوبي, چگونگي اجراي آن و همچنين انواع مدل هاي رفتاري خاك و آئيننامه FHWA پرداخته شده اسـت. در ادامـه به معرفي نرم افزار هاي PLAXIS و MIDAS GTS NX و همچنين به صحتسـنجي نـرم افـزار Plaxis پرداختـه شـده است. در اصلي ترين بخش اين پايان نامه به مدلسازي يك خاك مشخص با مدل هاي رفتاري متفاوتي پرداختـه شـده و بـه مقايسه اين مدل ها و در نهايت بررسي تاثير پارامترهاي مختلف مدل ها پرداخته مي شود.  واژگان كليـدي: ميخ كوبي خاك- پايدار سازي گود – لايه بندي خاك – مدلسازي عددي - گودبرداري

Unsaturated polyester resin is widely used in the composite industry. Addition of particles to unsaturated polyester resin improves thermal, physical-mechanical properties.The use of particles such as graphene, due to its special properties, is widely used in a variety of composites as a resisting and reinforcing agent. In this research, different particles such as graphene, graphene oxide and alumina in different weight percentages have been used to investigate the changes in thermal and physical-mechanical properties of polyunsaturated resin. According to studies, graphene, graphene oxide and alumina have had positive effects on the properties of resins.Thermal conductivity was obtained for samples with different weight percentages containing magnetic graphene oxide, magnetic graphene and alumina.The thermal conductivity of the samples in the cooked state and fully networked in different fluxes (1.024, 2.07, 3.024) watts has been investigated. It was observed that by adding a small amount of particles, the thermal conductivity increases compared to pure resin. It has also been shown that with the addition of magnetic oxide graphene, magnetic graphene and alumina, the thermal conductivity has also increased.The rate of increase in thermal conductivity varies depending on the amount of particles added to the resin. But the highest increase in thermal conductivity is related to magnetic graphene oxide 0.3%. The results obtained from DMA test showed that by adding particles to unsaturated polyester resin due to gravitational interactions between the resin surface functional group and OH functional group on the surface of magnetic graphene and magnetic graphene and thus creating a covalent bond. Strong modulus of storage increased compared to pure resin The first chapter introduces the structure of unsaturated polyester resin and the structure of the particles used and their properties.In the second chapter, according to previous studies, reports on mechanical and thermal properties are presented. Chapter 3 describes the synthesis of graphene oxide, how to convert graphene oxide to graphene, the synthesis of iron and how the particles are magnetized, as well as the tests performed. In the fourth chapter, the results of thermal test and DMA are analyzed in general.

  Unsaturated polyester resins have manyapplications in the composite industry. In thicker pieces made with this resin,a lot of heat is released in a short time during curing, inaddition, they have a low heat transfer coefficient. In thick sections, hightemperature differences between the center and the sample walls cause internalstresses. Therefore, adding particles with high thermal conductivity can helpto eliminate this defect. In this study, to investigate the changes in theproperties of unsaturated polyester resin containing Boehmite nanoparticles inweight percentages of 0.02, 0.05 and 0.3 and its hybrid with graphite andalumina particles in different weight percentages were used. The thermalconductivity of the samples made in heat fluxes of 1, 3 and 4 watts wasinvestigated. Also, DMA test was used to evaluate themechanical properties of the samples and the results were evaluated. Accordingto the results of thermal conductivity test, the highest rate of increase inthermal conductivity was obtained in the sample containing 0.05% by weight ofboehmite nanoparticles, which increased by 149% compared to neat resin. Also, inthe performed hybrid samples, the highest thermal conductivity coefficient isfirst related to boehmite / graphite hybrid, containing 0.025% by weightof boehmite / 0.025 graphite with thermal conductivity of 9.93 watts perkelvin and then for boehmite / alumina hybrid sample. Contains 0.05% by weightof boehmite / 0.5% by weight of alumina with a thermal conductivity of 7.45watts per kelvin, which have increased by 108% and 56%, respectively, comparedto neat resin. Also with you to the results obtained from the DMA test withincreasing the content of boehmite nanoparticles continuous storage modulusincreased. The highest increase in storage modulus was obtained in the 0.3% byweight sample of boehmite, which could be due to the stiffness and hardness ofboehmite nanoparticles. The OH groups at the particle surface can increase thestorage modulus relative to neat unsaturated polyester resin by creatinggravitational interactions with the OH, COOH and ester groups of alkyd chainsof unsaturated polyester resin. The use of boehmite / alumina particle hybridsalso led to better results than boehmite / graphite particle hybrids, due tothe fact that alumina particles have a smooth surface and spherical morphologythat reduce friction and improve mechanical properties in the system. The useof three-part boehmite / graphite / alumina hybrid in unsaturated polyesterresin increased heterogeneity and formed a non-uniform network in the systemcompared to neat resin.

In recent years, porous liquids have emerged as a new type of porous material that combines the characteristics of permanent porosity and hardness of porous solids and fluidity, rapid heat transfer and mass transfer of liquids. Compared to porous solids, porous liquids have attracted more attention due to their unique physicochemical properties. They have wide application aspects in the fields of gas adsorption and separation, homogeneous catalysis and so on. Porous liquids are usually divided into three categories based on the composition of the host system in porous liquids which are type I, type II and type III. In the design and synthesis of porous liquids, the preparation of type I porous liquids is usually objective and cannot be accurately designed. For porous cage-based porous liquids type II, the design of rigid porous cages is a major part of the liquid design. For a type III porous liquid based on porous nanoparticles such as MOF, the key is to choose a suitable bulk solvent. Due to the widespread use of porous liquids, their production cost is still high and can not be used in industry. Experiments to investigate the formation of stable porous liquid are costly and time-consuming. One way to reduce these costs is to perform molecular dynamics simulations. In this study, the aim is to provide a comprehensive model for examining pairs of selected materials before the experiment. In this research, to confirm the model, the two compounds of triethylene glycol + ZIF-8 and water + ZIF-8 were simulated and matched with the results of experiments presented in the articles due to the lack of penetration of triethylene glycol in ZIF-8 and Also, obtaining the zeta potential of 164.58, which indicated the stability of the suspension, confirmed the correct results of the proposed model. Then, the selected fluid materials were designed in Materials Materials Studio software and using the structures presented for ZIF-8 and HKUST-1 in the papers; molecular dynamics simulations were performed to select the appropriate pair of materials to produce porous liquid in terms of impermeability. The highest error rate was 11.2, which seems appropriate. Here the best compounds in terms of fluid penetration into the solid structure were presented. Then the zeta potential parameter was obtained to evaluate the stability of the compounds presented in the previous step by programming in Lammps software. Finally, the compounds ZIF-8 + 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene, ZIF-8 + 1,3,5-Triisopropylcyclohexane and HKUST-1 + 1,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexane were presented as the best compounds for the production of porous liquid.   

  In this study, the effects of Janus, hydrophilic and hydrophobic hollow graphene oxide (HO) particles on the thermal conductivity of binary polymer blends were investigated. The HO Janus (HOJ) micro- and nanoparticles were synthesized via buoyancy-induced desymmetrization process. The characteristics of the produced HO and HOJ micro- and nanoparticles were investigated using FTIR, TGA, EDX, FE-SEM, centrifuge and contact angle tests. Different PS/PMMA micro- and nanocomposite samples were prepared via solution mixing and subjected to the thermal conduction test. The results revealed that the presence of HO micro- and nanoparticles in either phase could increase the conduction coefficient of the PS/PMMA blend (K) though their simultaneous presence in both phases had significantly more impact on K. On the other hand, comparing the results of the blend samples with and without HOJ micro- and nanoparticle defined an outstanding improvement in the thermal conductivity of the polymer/polymer interface due to the presence of Janus particles. Also, the thermal stability of the samples decreased with the increment of their thermal conductivity and this effect was more significant in the case of the samples containing both HO and HOJ micro- and nanoparticles.

    Preparation of nanocompositemembranescontaining zinc oxidenanoparticle modified with herbal oils for application in membrane distillation

Design and fabrication of Wilkinson power divider with harmonics suppression using symmetrical rectangular resonator  

   Abstract Structure, structure and elements of the building. In other words, the needs of a building (including sustainability) are related to the structure. Vitruvius defines architecture as the three principles of sustainability, performance and beauty. The structure of current residential buildings is used only for sustainability, and the discussion of function and beauty is hidden in them. Since the structure can behave architecturally, and in addition to its main and primary role, which is to withstand forces, it has another level of aesthetic and functional richness to the building. It will increase the attractiveness and enjoyment of the building, improve its efficiency and improve the morale of users and users. Current residential buildings, of which the structure is the main elements, face a problem and potential. The problem with the dissertation is that current residential buildings are often unattractive and economically expensive. Another problem with residential buildings is that the structure is limited to its static role. In fact, other features of the structure, such as beauty and performance, have been neglected. Therefore, this dissertation tries to overcome the problem of beauty and expensiveness of residential buildings by designing a residential complex and using the aesthetic features of the structure. Based on this, the dissertation consists of three parts. The first part tries to identify the characteristics of structures that can be used in architecture and on a residential scale. The next section describes the requirements of residential spaces as well as the aesthetic parameters of the structure, including beams, columns and roofs. Finally, in the final part, solutions on how to take advantage of the identified structural features, to design a residential complex with emphasis on the aesthetic aspects of the structure and its connection with architecture. Aesthetic features such as rhythm, depth, scaling, pattern, scale of the structure, etc. can be achieved by showing the structure on the facade or ceiling. Keywords: architecture, structure, structure, housing, aesthetics

   Abstract   The global prevalence of lung cancer in recent years has affected many countries around the world and has had devastating effects on the international community. Due to the very important features of this type of cancer, including its lack of recognition in the early stages of the disease, the similarity of lung nodules with blood vessels, etc., and as a result, misdiagnosis of them instead of each other and high mortality rate has led to The most important and best way to control and control lung cancer, based on the consensus of doctors and global health organizations, early detection and termination of its transmission to other organs of the body with the rapid start of effective treatments for people with this type Be cancer. Therefore, accurate, fast and accessible diagnosis is the best tool to achieve this important. In this regard, in the present dissertation, an intelligent machine for diagnosing lung cancer has been presented and implemented using CT scan images and deep learning. Also, in order to evaluate the proposed smart machine, MATLAB software has been used and the necessary results have been extracted, and the obtained results show the very high accuracy of the proposed smart machine. The use of transfer learning theory, especially the Resnet18 network, in the diagnosis of lung cancer has not yet been used and is an innovative aspect of this design. key words: Lung cancer, lung nodules, lung scans, image processing, deep learning, transfer learning, Convolutional neural network.

   In this study, janus nanosheets are synthesized using a spontaneous process at the oil/water interface based on the corporation of(3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate molecules in the formation reaction of plate shape silica nanoparticles. The presence of acidic/alkali catalyst in the water phase increases the reaction rate at the proximity of the interface. Cooling down the system after a specific time causes the melted paraffin (oil phase) to solidify which completely stops the reaction and entraps the formed nanosheets at the interface. Considering the enrichment of the oil and waterphases with the reactants and catalyst, respectively, it is possible to reuse them   multiple times after harvesting the formed silica janus nanosheets. The amine groups at one side and the ethoxy groups on the other side of the silica janus nanosheets help them to serve perfectly as solid emulsifiers in pickering emulsions.

The Internet of Things is a network of physical objects connected by the Internet. The Internet of Things covers a variety of areas, including home automation, industrial processes, human health monitoring, and environmental monitoring. The future of objects is the future of the Internet and will be useful for anything available in the world. Internet of Things, despite many benefits, also create security and privacy challenges. IoT systems are very vulnerable, so an intrusion detection system requires IoT environments. Intrusion detection systems are an important tool for protecting networks and information systems. The purpose of an intrusion detection system is not preventing attack and only discover and identify attacks and identify security bugs in the system or computer network and its announcement to the system administrator. Despite the fact that decades are developed from the development of previous influence systems, these systems still face challenges to improve diagnosis accuracy. Many intrusion detection systems are still suffering from high false alert rates, so many researchers have focused on developing intrusion detection systems with high detection rates and reducing the wrong alert rate. Since the network environment changes quickly, a variety of new attacks appear. Therefore, we need to develop intrusion detection systems that can identify unknown attacks. To solve these problems, researchers have begun to focus on building intrusion detection systems using machine learning methods. Deep learning is a branch of machine learning, based on a set of algorithms that are trying to model high-level abstract concepts in the data. Therefore, in this dissertation, the process of detecting intrusion on the Internet of things with a deep learning approach has been addressed. In this thesis, an attack identification method and anomalies based on the combination of deep learning CNN-LSTM algorithms are used in the Bot-IoT data set. In order to evaluate performance, the indicators of accuracy, accuracy and reminders have been used. According to the results obtained in the proposed method, the detection accuracy of 99.98% is obtained.   

Abstract    In this study, in order to investigate the effect of iron additive on the heat transfer coefficient as well as the dynamic properties of unsaturated polyester resin, pure iron particles in powder form with a size of 45 microns have been used. For this purpose, in the continuation of the research, samples of unsaturated polyester resin containing iron particles with weight percentages of one, three, seven and fifteen weight percent were made and thermal conductivity measurement tests and dynamic properties measurement test (DMTA) were made. Also, to investigate the effect of modified iron particles on the properties of the composite, four samples of unsaturated polyester resin with similar weight percentages containing modified iron particles were tested.    Examination of the results of measuring the thermal conductivity of the samples, it was observed that in general, the addition of iron powder to the polyester resin improved by about 30 Percentage the thermal conductivity of the samples and also the addition of modified iron powder to the polyester resin by about 70 Percentage, its thermal conductivity has increased. Also, by observing the change curve of the thermal conductivity of the samples in different weight percentages, it was found that adding iron particles from one to three weight percent increased the thermal conductivity of the resin and adding more values ??up to fifteen wt %, the thermal conductivity. It has reduced. The reason for this could be the increase in the contact surface of iron particles with the resin and, of course, the increase in interfacial thermal resistance in samples above 3 % by weight. It should be noted that this trend is also repeated in the diagrams of samples containing modified iron particles.    Examination of the dynamic measurement test results showed that the amount of storage modulus increased with the addition of iron particles to the polyester resin and indicates that the unsaturated polyester resin containing iron particles has a higher strength during heating than pure polyester resin. Observation of the change curves of the storage modulus with temperature shows that this increase of the storage modulus did not have a constant trend with increasing the weight percentage of the samples, so that, for example, the storage modulus in the sample was 7 % by weight higher than other samples.    Keywords: Unsaturated polyester resin, Iron microparticles, Modified Iron Particle, Thermal conductivity, Physical and Mechanical Properties.   

  The presence of Iran on the Alpide earthquake belt highlights the need for a study on the behavior of structures and their robust design. Therefore, researchers are seeking to improve seismic behavior of buildings using different methods. One of these methods is the use of composite concrete columns (CFT). In this research, the aim is studying the effect of these kind of columns on the seismic behavior of steel structures. The results of this research can show the effectiveness of this system.In this research, lateral displacement diagrams of the structure in relation to time in seven earthquakes and with different systems of lateral load resisting, including moment resistance frame, x bracing and steel plate shear wall are presented. In addition, lateral displacement diagrams of the structure are presented in relation to the time of a type of lateral lateral load resisting system in different earthquakes.In this study, the seismic behavior of a steel structure with a lateral load resisting system of steel plate shear wall and concrete composite columns and compared to steel structures with bracing systems and bending frame with ordinary columns will be considered. For this purpose, three structures of 10-story steel structures with a steel slab loading system, a 10-story steel building with a bracing system and conventional columns, and a 10-story steel building with a moment resistance frame and conventional columns will be analyzed.

Abstract: Purpose: Traffic accidents are a problem resulting from advances in technology and industrialization of societies And it causes a lot of physical, financial and emotional damage. Worldwide traffic accidents kill more than 1.3 million people annually.   It also injured more than 50 million people. Driving accidents are one of the most important public health challenges And in Iran, traffic accidents are much higher than in other countries, especially developed countries. Researchers see four factors as human, vehicle, road, and environment as major causes of the accident And the most effective factor in causing accidents is the human factor. Accordingly, efforts are needed to improve the safety of travel and to reduce traffic accidents by applying traffic safety. Experts in the field of psychology are interested in identifying the psychological factors affecting accidents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality traits (anxiety, stress, depression and aggression) on the number of crashes in truck drivers.   Research Methodology: The statistical population in this study is 3600 drivers in the Lorestan province cargo association. 347 samples were selected using Cochran formula and questionnaires were distributed by random sampling method. The research tool is a questionnaire consisting of four parts, the first part includes demographic questions, the second part of the Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire, the third part of the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Questionnaire and the fourth part the Aggression Questionnaire. In this study, using multivariate regression to determine the predictive power of variables used in the study to predict the number of accidents, and Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations have also been used to confirm the research hypotheses and questions.   Findings and Conclusion: With increasing depression, anxiety, stress, anger and aggression, the number of risky driving behaviors increases. Regression results show that the independent variables of depression and anger have the highest ability to predict the dependent variable of number of accidents. Keyword: Traffic Safety, Traffic Accidents, Truck Drivers, Psychology, Structural Equations, Regression   

   در اين پروژه اثر پيش پليمريزاسيون بر روي هموپليمريزاسيون اتيلن با كاتاليزور زيگلر-ناتاي صنعتي      TiCl4/MgCl2 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت، وثوابت سينتيكي هموپليمريزاسيون اتيلن در شرايط مختلف      پيش پليمريزاسيون (دما، مقدار اتيلن ، فشار هيدروژن و نسبت Al/Ti ) محاسبه شد ، كه مشخص شد ثواب    سينتيكي شروع واكنش (Ka)، انتشار(kp) و غيرفعال شدن(kd) به شرايط پيش پليمريزاسيون بستگي    دارد. در حقيقت نشان داده شد با انجام پيش پليمريزاسيون مي توان رفتار كاتاليزوردر همو پليمريزاسيون    اتيلن تحت كنترل داشت. و با انجام پيش پليمريزاسيون به خواص پليمر و مورفولوژي مورد نظر رسيد و    شرايط را بهبود بخشيد. در اين پروژه اثر پيش پليمريزاسيون بر روي هموپليمريزاسيون اتيلن با كاتاليزور زيگلر-ناتاي صنعتي      TiCl4/MgCl2 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت، وثوابت سينتيكي هموپليمريزاسيون اتيلن در شرايط مختلف      پيش پليمريزاسيون (دما، مقدار اتيلن ، فشار هيدروژن و نسبت Al/Ti ) محاسبه شد ، كه مشخص شد ثواب    سينتيكي شروع واكنش (Ka)، انتشار(kp) و غيرفعال شدن(kd) به شرايط پيش پليمريزاسيون بستگي    دارد. در حقيقت نشان داده شد با انجام پيش پليمريزاسيون مي توان رفتار كاتاليزوردر همو پليمريزاسيون    اتيلن تحت كنترل داشت. و با انجام پيش پليمريزاسيون به خواص پليمر و مورفولوژي مورد نظر رسيد و    شرايط را بهبود بخشيد.

   در اين پژوهش نانوذرات دي اكسيد تيتانيوم عاملدار شده با آمينو اسيد هاي هيستيدين و سرين سنتز شد و با آزمون­هاي FE-SEM[1] و FT-IR[2]   ارزيابي گرديد. سپس نانوذات سنتز شده در ساختار غشاهاي نانوفيلتراسيون پلي اتر سولفوني با درصدهاي وزني مختلف (0.1، 0.5 و 1 %) آميخته شد. غشاهاي ساخته شده با آزمون هاي با   زاويه تماسي استانيكي، SEM، AFM و درصد تخلخل مود بررسي قرار گرفت. نتايج زاويه تماس غشا نشان مي دهد ميزان آبدوستي سطح غشا با افزودن نانوذرات افزايش يافته است وكمترين ميزان زاويه تماس مربوط به غشا پلي اتر سولفون آميخته شده با نانوذرات دي اكسيد تيتانيوم عامل­دار شده با هيستدين مي باشد. تصاوير SEM و درصد تخلخل محاسبه شده نشان مي دهد كه با افزودن نانوذرات تخلخل غشا افزايش يافته، ضخامت لايه بالايي غشا كاهش يافته در حالي كه   حفره­هاي انگشتي در لايه زيرين پخن تر شده اند. نتايج AFM نشان مي دهد با افزودن هر دو نانوذره دي اكسيد تيتانيوم عاملدار شده با آمينو اسيد هاي هيستيدين و سرين سطح غشا يكنواخت تر و صاف تر شده است و پارمترهاي زبري سطح كاهش يافته است. به منظور تعيين غلظت بهينه نانوذره،   شار آب عبوري غشا، خاصيت ضد گرفتگي و ميزان پس دهي رنگ Direct red 16 در سيستم انتها بسته مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. نتايج نشان داد غشا با 0.5 درصد وزني   از هر دو نانوذره بهترين عملكرد را دارد و نانوذره دي اكسيد تيتانيوم عامل­دار شده با آمينو اسيد هيستيدين عملكرد بهتري نسبت به نانوذره دي اكسيد تيتانيوم عامل­دار شده با آمينو اسيد سرين دارد.   ميزان شار عبوري، نسبت بازيابي شار و پس دهي رنگ Direct red 16 در غشا بهينه به ترتيب است. عملكرد غشا بهينه هردو نانوذره دي اكسيد تيتانيوم عامل­دار شده با آمينو اسيد هاي سرين و هيستيدين به منظور تصفيه پساب كاخانه توليد روغن خرما بررسي شد. همچنين اثر پارامترهاي غلظت COD، فشا عملياتي و سرعت جريان خوراك نيز بر عملكرد غشا مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. شار عبوري از غشا M-0.5 براي هردو نانوذره دي اكسيد تيتانيوم عامل­دار شده با آمينو اسيد هاي سرين و هيستيدين در شرايط بهينه عملياتي (فشار 5 بار، غلظت COD = 1000 ميلي گرم بر ليتر و سرعت جريان خوراك 150 ليتر بر ساعت) به ترتيب   كيلوگرم بر مترمربع در ساعت به دست آمد در حالي كه درصد حذف COD به ترتيب 100 % و 100 % مي باشد. همچنين نسبت بازيابي شار   براي هردو نانوذره دي اكسيد تيتانيوم عامل­دار شده با آمينو اسيد هاي سرين و هيستيدين در شرايط بهينه عملياتي به ترتيب 90 % و 99.1 % بدست آمد. با توجه به نتايج بدست آمده غشا پلي اترسولفون آميخته شده با نانوذره دي اكسيد تيتانيوم عامل­دار شده با آمينو اسيد هيستيدين با غلظت 0.5 درصد وزني عملكرد بهتري نسبت به غشا پلي اتر سولفون خالص و ساير غشاهاي اصلاح شده دارد.[2] Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy