The purpose of the present research was to identify the challenges and opportunities of the “One Hundred Competitions in one Hundred Days” program in schools (case study: Boys’ futsal). The research method was qualitative, based on Grounded Theory with Glaser’s approach. The statistical population consisted of experts (professors, teachers, school principals, event organizers, and district sports specialists) active in the field of student sports. For sampling and conducting in-depth interviews, the snowball sampling method was used. The main research instrument was interviews conducted with 16 participants. The validity of the interview tool was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and expert professors, while reliability was assessed through the intra-subject agreement method, with the reliability coefficient calculated as 0.85. Data analysis was performed using the Grounded Theory method. The findings revealed that the challenges of the “100 Competitions in 100 Days” program in schools include: managerial and executive challenges, financial and economic issues, infrastructural limitations, shortage of specialized human resources, cultural and social challenges, and unfairness. Meanwhile, the opportunities of the program (case study: Boys’ futsal) consist of individual skill development, infrastructure improvement, educational opportunities for teachers, social and cultural benefits, and economic opportunities. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that school administrators can create favorable conditions for fostering individual skills such as quick decision-making, stress management, accuracy, and motor coordination among boys through the implementation of this program.

  AbstractIntroduction: The most common and dangerous problem in patients with kneeosteoarthritis is impaired balance and postural control, especially during simultaneouscognitive tasks, which increases the risk of falls. The aim of the present study was toinvestigate the effects of cognitive loads on pain intensity, postural control, and gait patternfollowing six sessions of anodal tDCS stimulation of M1 and DLPFC.Methods: Fifty-four elderly women with knee osteoarthritis who met the inclusion criteriavolunteered to participate in the study; they were randomly assigned to the anodal-tDCSM1 stimulation group (18 people), the anodal-tDCS-DLPFC stimulation group (18 people),and the sham or control group (18 people). Before and immediately after the six sessionsof non-invasive stimulation, balance was assessed with the Tecnobody device, gait patternwith the PT-Scan device, pain with the VAS questionnaire, and cognitive function with theMOCA questionnaire. The interventions included six consecutive 20-minute sessions ofanodal tDCS stimulation of the M1 and DLPFC areas. In the pre-test and post-tests, whenevaluating the study outcomes, talking to the subject was considered as a low-difficultycognitive load, the auditory arithmetic task was considered as a moderate -difficultycognitive load and the serial arithmetic task was considered as a high-difficulty cognitiveload.Results: The results of the present study showed that six sessions of tDCS interventionapplied to both M1 and DLPFC areas significantly reduced pain intensity compared to thecontrol group, and there was no difference between the two interventions in this effect (P< 0.001). Also, the effect of M1 intervention on dynamic balance under high cognitive loadconditions was significantly better than DLPFC. In addition, regarding the plantar pressuredistribution symmetry index factor, the effect of M1 intervention on this index in highcognitive load conditions was significantly better than DLPFC. However, the effects of thestudy interventions on static balance under different levels of cognitive load did not showa significant difference in response to stimulation of different brain areas (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Considering the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the effect ofdirect transcranial anodal stimulation on dynamic balance and biomechanical indicators ofgait in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis depends on the stimulation area and the levelof cognitive load. Stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1) in some conditions,especially under high cognitive load, led to a relative improvement in heel strike symmetryand dynamic balance, while stimulation of the DLPFC did not show a significant effect.However, a definitive and consistent difference between the two regions was not observedin all conditions, but specific targeting of M1 may be more beneficial in cognitivelychallenging conditions.137Keywords: cognitive load, postural control, pain, knee osteoarthritis, transcranial directcurrent stimulation (tDCS), balance, gait patterning

  The present study aimed to examine the scientific and social dimensions of the literature related to sports corruption and provides a multidimensional picture of this field. Analysis of scientometric and altmetric data showed that scientific production in this field is mainly concentrated in English-speaking countries, especially the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, and these countries have the highest number of highly cited articles. The findings also showed that some sensitive topics, such as sports betting, doping, and management scandals, have had a wide social impact despite limited scientific citation, while articles with high scientific citations have been seen mainly in research communities and have received less public attention. The correlation between citation, altmetric, and social media indicators showed that scientific and social impact are not necessarily aligned and that each indicator represents a different dimension of research impact. This study shows that effective sports anti-corruption policies require synergy between scientific research, smart policymaking, and social participation. The results of the study can help develop tra  arency frameworks, improve governance structures, develop data systems, and promote interaction between knowledge and society, and provide a clear path for planning and implementing anti-corruption policies in national and international sports.

   Introduction: Chronic pain can lead to cognitive impairments, and during dual-task activities, it can challenge the postural control of patients with chronic pain, placing them at risk of falls. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common age-related diseases, causing pain and inability to perform daily activities, and putting patients at risk of falls and their subsequent consequences due to reduced balance performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of aquatic dual-task cognitive-motor exercises on pain intensity, cognitive function, static and dynamic balance, and gait pattern in women with knee OA. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with a pre-test/post-test design, 44 women with knee OA (mean age: 54.89 ± 7.78 years, mean height: 158.49 ± 12.6 cm, and mean weight: 65.78 ± 11.74 kg) were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: aquatic dual-task cognitive-motor exercises (n=22) and conventional aquatic therapy (n=22). Interventions were administered for eight weeks, three sessions per week, with each session lasting 45 minutes. Before and after the interventions, pain intensity was assessed using the VAS questionnaire, cognitive function with the MoCA questionnaire, static and dynamic balance with the Tecnobody device, and gait pattern with the PT-Scan device. The outcomes of static and dynamic balance and gait pattern were assessed in the pre-test and post-test phases under three conditions of cognitive load. Data analysis was performed using a mixed repeated-measures ANOVA test with    software version 27. Findings: The findings of the present study indicated that both interventions, aquatic dual-task cognitive-motor exercises and conventional aquatic therapy, led to significant improvements in pain intensity (P<0.001), cognitive function (P<0.001), static balance (P=0.003), dynamic balance (P<0.001), and gait pattern (P=0.004). Furthermore, based on inter-group comparisons, the mean pain intensity and cognitive function showed significant differences between the groups (P=0.004 and P<0.001, respectively). For dynamic balance, there was no difference between the groups except under moderate cognitive load (P<0.001). In contrast, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in static balance and gait pattern variables. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that both aquatic dual-task cognitive-motor exercises and conventional aquatic therapy are effective in improving pain intensity, cognitive function, static and dynamic balance, and gait pattern in elderly women with knee OA. However, adding cognitive components to aquatic exercises can lead to greater improvements in pain intensity, cognitive function, and dynamic balance under low cognitive load. Ultimately, it can be concluded that the combination of cognitive and motor stimuli in an aquatic environment is a safe and effective rehabilitation intervention that can simultaneously improve the physical and cognitive health of patients with knee OA. Keywords:

   The overall objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting the impact of female athletes on the success of national sports champions and to identify the effective factors. Based on the objectives of this study, the research method was qualitative and content analysis. The method of collecting the required information was semi-guided interviews. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts knowledgeable in the subject such as news in the field of sports management, sports sociology, sports media people, and athletes. Since identifying and accessing qualified interviewees is difficult, each person who is interviewed is asked to introduce another qualified person, which will be the statistical sample in a snowball method. The interviews are combined (in-person, virtual, and telephone calls), and theoretical saturation will be the quality criterion of the samples studied. The method of conducting this study was qualitative and content analysis. To conduct the research, after designing general questions and developing an interview protocol, in-depth and semi-structured interviews are conducted with experts.   The statistical population in the study was experts knowledgeable about the subject, such as experts in the field of sports management, sports sociology, sports media people, and athletes. The snowball sampling method was used. In the snowball method, the people who are interviewed are asked to introduce other people who are in a similar situation and can provide more information, and they are also interviewed. Using semi-guided interviews with the samples, this process continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The sample was between 12 and 15 sports experts and the criterion for reaching theoretical saturation in this field. The data collection tool in the qualitative method was semi-guided interviews to collect information. The interviews were conducted in a mixed format (face-to-face, virtual, and telephone calls). Qualitative software was used to analyze the information obtained from the research.    Keywords: female athletes, sports elites, success, Pattern

This is an exploratory qualitative study conducted to gain a deep, multi-layered, and interpretive understanding of the challenges and opportunities of sports event management in developing countries, with an emphasis on sustainability and social responsibility. Using thematic analysis, this study identifies patterns, categorizes concepts, and extracts meanings from qualitative data such as semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the study includes experts and scholars active in the field of sports management in selected countries with experience in hosting sports events, and the sampling was purposefully conducted using the snowball method. The sample size was determined by the theoretical saturation rule, and MAXQDA software was used to code and analyze the data. The research results show that the field of sports event management faces challenges such as lack of expertise, managerial incoherence, financial constraints, and weak infrastructure, but there are valuable opportunities such as the effective role of the media, support from government institutions, raising managers' awareness, developing environmental standards, and strengthening economic and business strategies. Social responsibility is effective in promoting fan commitment and loyalty, as well as in improving the brand experience. The findings emphasize that in order to achieve sustainability and social responsibility in sports, it is necessary to adopt appropriate participatory, educational, culture-building, and policy-making strategies to achieve optimal organizational performance and develop the sports market. This analytical method has provided a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the cultural, organizational, and social contexts related to sports event management.  

  This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of AI studies in sports sciences from the Scopus database, emphasizes the importance of using AI in sports sciences, provides data for future research, highlights the need for AI applications in all sports fields in line with global trends, and most importantly, provides a perspective on future AI research in sports sciences in our country. The research method is bibliometric analysis, which examines global research trends in a specific region through the outputs of scientific publications in databases. Researchers use bibliometric analysis to identify emerging trends, evaluate journal performance, analyze collaboration patterns, and examine the composition of research in a specific field in the existing literature. A significant number of documents can be systematically and quantitatively analyzed in a bibliometric study. This type of analysis can highlight research hotspots and identify research trends by examining the distribution of literature over time, across sources, and across regions. Access to large amounts of scientometric data has become relatively easy with the advent of scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Software such as VOSviewer, BibExcel, Histcite, Citespace, and Gephi allow for the analysis of this data in a very pragmatic way. In this study, the visualization software CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix are used to map scientific knowledge, countries/regions, institutions, authors, co-occurring keywords, and co-citation references of published articles, and the Scopus collection database is examined for the status of research on AI and sports, hot spots, frontiers, and development trends of relevant articles.

The recent unprecedented wave of sport-based activism has brought renewed attention to sport as a force for social progress and change. Scholars have examined the factors that drive and facilitate protest through sport, analyzed media coverage and ambivalent responses to such activities, and begun to document its institutional and social impacts. Contrary to some pessimistic sociological critiques, recent research suggests that sport can contribute to the advancement of justice and change, but it can also have unintended consequences for sport, athletes, fans, and other stakeholders. The present study aims to review published literature in the field of sport and social activism. It adopts a descriptive research approach through bibliometric analysis to describe the scale, patterns, and productivity of global publications on sport activism. Bibliometric analysis is a research approach that examines global research trends in a specific area through the output of scholarly publications in databases. Researchers use bibliometric analysis to identify emerging trends, evaluate journal performance, analyze collaboration patterns, and examine the composition of research in a particular field in the existing literature. A significant number of documents can be systematically and quantitatively analyzed in a bibliometric study. This type of analysis can highlight research hotspots and identify research trends by examining the distribution of literature over time, across sources, and across regions. Access to large amounts of scientometric data has become relatively easy with the advent of scholarly databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Software such as VOSviewer, BibExcel, Histcite, Citespace, and Gephi allow for the analysis of this data in a very pragmatic way. This article uses the R language. The R programming language offers an easy-to-use scientometric analysis package called Biblioshiny from Bibliometrix for Scopus.  

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of social media personalization on brand loyalty with the mediating role of perceived value among football fans in southern Iraq. The research method was descriptive and cross-sectional, and the data were collected quantitatively. The statistical population of the study included football fans in southern Iraq, and the sample size was determined using    Sample Power software, which ultimately selected 348 people as an acceptable sample. Standard questionnaires related to social media personalization, brand loyalty, and perceived value were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics tests and external and internal model analysis using    and PLS software, and the error level was considered to be 0.05. The results of the study showed that social media personalization has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty of football fans in southern Iraq. Also, social media personalization has a significant effect on fans' perceived value, and perceived value as a mediator plays an important role in strengthening brand loyalty. In other words, increasing the level of social media personalization improves perceived value and, consequently, increases fan loyalty. The results also indicate the importance of clubs' strategic use of social media to directly and effectively interact with fans, strengthen brand attachment, and create lasting loyalty. The findings of this study are consistent with previous domestic and foreign research and indicate the practical application of the model under study in the football fan environment of southern Iraq.  

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of positive leadership on the career development of physical education teachers in Mosul, Iraq, with the mediating role of career enthusiasm. This study was quantitative in terms of its quantitative strategy and correlation type, cross-sectional in terms of its time, applied in terms of its purpose, and field in terms of data collection. The present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of its statistical population and included all physical education teachers in Mosul, whose number was determined to be 250. The sample size was determined using    Sample Power software based on a test power of 80%. The data collection tools included Cameron's (2008) Positive Leadership Questionnaire, Schoeffley et al.'s (2006) Career Development, and Kanter and Mishra's (2002) Career Enthusiasm. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data, and in the inferential section, Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used according to the type of data. Statistical analyses were performed using    version 26 and SmartPLS version 3 software at an error level of 0.05. The findings showed that positive leadership has a significant relationship with teachers' job satisfaction and career fulfillment, and career satisfaction also plays a significant mediating role in this relationship. The results of structural equation modeling also showed that the model of the effect of positive leadership on teachers' career fulfillment with the mediating role of career satisfaction has a good fit, and the hypothesized relationships of the study were confirmed.  

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of content marketing on brand awareness of sports teams through the mediation of fans' sense of belonging. This study is applied in terms of its purpose and is descriptive-survey in nature and method of implementation and is in the category of correlational-causal research with a structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population of this study consists of all active fans of professional sports teams in Iran who follow content related to their favorite team through digital media and online platforms, such as official Instagram pages, Telegram channels, club websites, or fan applications. In this study, a purposive non-probability sampling method was used and the final sample size of the study was 350 people. In order to collect data, two library and field methods were used, and the tool used was a questionnaire. Data analysis was also carried out using    and Smart-PLS software. The findings of the study showed that content marketing has a significant and positive impact on brand awareness and also increases fans’ sense of belonging to the brand. In addition, fans’ sense of belonging plays an effective mediating role in strengthening the effect of content marketing on brand awareness. In other words, content marketing not only directly improves brand awareness, but also has an indirect and lasting effect on brand recognition and association by creating an emotional bond and strengthening fans’ belonging. These results indicate that content marketing strategies, along with paying attention to emotional aspects and interaction with fans, can be an effective tool for increasing brand recognition, loyalty, and value in the sports environment.  

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of self-regulation and socialization on the sports participation of physical education teachers in Wasit, Iraq. This study was applied, quantitative, and cross-sectional, and used a deductive-hypothetical approach to examine the relationships between variables. The statistical population of the study included 208 physical education teachers, and the sample size was determined based on the Morgan table. Data were collected using standard and researcher-made questionnaires; including Ryan and Kennell's (1989) Sports Self-Regulation Questionnaire, Pellitier et al.'s (2013) Sports Participation Questionnaire, and Taormina's (1994) Organizational Socialization Questionnaire, as well as the researcher-made demographic characteristics questionnaire. To ensure the accuracy of the data, content and face validity, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient were examined, all of which showed acceptable values ??(? > 0.77). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling in    and Smart PLS software. The results showed that self-regulation and sociability have a significant positive effect on teachers' sports participation; self-regulation showed the highest direct effect and sociability showed the highest indirect effect on sports participation. Based on the findings, strengthening self-regulation skills and promoting sociability can help increase teachers' active and continuous participation in sports activities. This study provides valuable scientific evidence for educational and management planning of schools to improve sports activities.  

The overall objective of this study is to investigate the effect of social media marketing on the purchase intention of football fans by mediating consumer brand interaction among fans of Al-Zawra and Al-Jawiya teams in Iraq. The research method is descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. In this study, the relationships between variables were examined based on the conceptual model of the research and with the approach of correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all fans of Al-Zawra and Al-Jawiya football teams in Iraq who followed the official pages of these two clubs on the social network Instagram. The sampling method was non-probability and convenience sampling; in such a way that only people who (1) were fans of one of the two Al-Zawra or Al-Jawiya teams and (2) were active Instagram users and followers of their club's official page were included in the study. Given the uncertainty of the exact size of the statistical population, the Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size and finally 365 people were selected as the research sample. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data, including: the Social Media Marketing Questionnaire by Chung et al., the Purchase Intention Questionnaire by Han and Kim, and the Consumer Brand Engagement Questionnaire by Kaur et al. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (skewness, kurtosis, and structural equation modeling) and using    version 25 and Smart PLS version 3 software. The results of the study showed that social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on the purchase intention of football fans of Al-Zawra and Juyeh teams. The findings also indicate that consumer brand engagement plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between social media marketing and fans' purchase intention. Accordingly, it can be concluded that as the level of fans' interaction with the club brand through social media increases, their willingness to purchase the club's products and services will also increase.  

   The aim of the present study was to design a model of challenges and opportunities for elite Paralympic athletes. The research method is qualitative (grounded theory with Glaser's approach). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, coaches, board presidents, and athletes) in the field of Paralympic sports. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. 16 people were interviewed to collect data. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was 0.84. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the challenges of elite Paralympic athletes include: economic problems, socio-cultural problems, sports problems, management problems, legal problems, media problems, and political problems. Also, the opportunities of elite Paralympic athletes include: sports factors, psychological factors, educational and professional factors, economic and financial factors, social and cultural factors, political and legal factors, and technological and media factors. These categories had a series of open and central codes. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that elite Paralympic athletes, along with physical, social, and structural challenges, gain unique opportunities for personal growth, i  iration, and promotion of the status of disabled sports in society. Examining the pattern of challenges and opportunities shows that institutional and cultural support can smooth the path to their success.

در دنياي معاصر، كودكان به عنوان يكي از گروه‌هاي مهم و بنيادين جامعه، مستحق برخورداري از حمايت‌هاي گسترده در همه ابعاد زندگي خود هستند. سلامت جسمي، رواني و اجتماعي كودكان نه‌تنها حق بنيادين آنان، بلكه زيربناي توسعه پايدار جوامع محسوب مي‌شود. با گسترش مشاركت كودكان در فعاليت‌هاي ورزشي رسمي و غيررسمي، توجه به ابعاد حقوقي و حمايتي مرتبط با سلامت آن‌ها، بيش از پيش اهميت يافته است. ورزش اگرچه عامل رشد، نشاط، اعتمادبه‌نفس و شكوفايي توانمندي‌هاي كودكان است، اما در صورت نبود قوانين حمايتي و نظارت مؤثر، مي‌تواند زمينه‌ساز آسيب‌هاي جسمي، رواني و حتي نقض حقوق اساسي آنان گردد.يكي از مهم‌ترين اين حقوق، «حق بر سلامت» است كه در اسناد متعدد بين‌المللي از جمله كنوانسيون حقوق كودك به رسميت شناخته شده است. اين حق، تنها به برخورداري از خدمات درماني محدود نمي‌شود، بلكه شامل پيشگيري، مراقبت، ايمني و برخورداري از محيطي سالم و حمايتي نيز مي‌گردد. در اين ميان، كودكان ورزشكار به دليل فعاليت در محيط‌هايي كه گاه با فشارهاي جسماني، رواني و رقابت‌هاي سنگين همراه است، نيازمند حمايت‌هاي حقوقي مضاعف‌اند.در نظام حقوقي ايران، هرچند قوانين كلي در حمايت از كودكان و سلامت عمومي وجود دارد، اما به‌طور خاص، حق بر سلامت كودكان در بستر ورزش كمتر مورد توجه قانون‌گذار قرار گرفته و خلأهايي در حوزه تقنين، اجرا و نظارت احساس مي‌شود. اين در حالي است كه در نظام حقوق بين‌الملل، رويكردهاي جامع‌تري براي حمايت از سلامت كودكان ورزشكار توسعه يافته است كه مي‌تواند الگويي براي بهبود وضعيت حقوقي در ايران باشد. لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي تطبيقي «حق بر سلامت كودكان ورزشكار» در حقوق ايران و حقوق بين‌الملل انجام مي‌شود تا با تبيين مباني نظري، تحليل اسناد قانوني و شناسايي چالش‌ها و كاستي‌ها، راهكارهايي براي ارتقاء سطح حمايت از كودكان ورزشكار ارائه نمايد. اين پژوهش ضمن پر كردن خلأ مطالعاتي موجود در اين حوزه، مي‌تواند بستري براي آگاهي‌بخشي به مسئولان، مربيان، خانواده‌ها و نهادهاي قانون‌گذار فراهم آورد و نقش مؤثري در بهبود سياست‌گذاري‌هاي سلامت محور براي كودكان ايفا كند.   

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of health literacy in selecting sources of information search for sports supplements in people referring to fitness clubs. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the present study is people referring to fitness clubs in Kermanshah city. Given the dispersion of fitness clubs in urban areas, the statistical sample is selected in a random-cluster manner. The Cochrane population trait distribution ratio formula was used to determine the sample size. According to this formula, the statistical sample of the present study was 372 people. The instrument used for this study was based on the standard health literacy questionnaires of "Wahl et al." (2021) and Kaktomani et al. (2019); Curry, Dossey, and Lucy (2023); Maughan, Depicy, and Geyer (2007). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure reliability, which was 0.88.    version 25 and PLS3 software were used to analyze the data and answer the research hypotheses. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, health literacy affects the selection of sources of information search for sports supplements in people who refer to fitness clubs. Health literacy also affects the characteristics of sports supplements sought by people who refer to fitness clubs, and finally, the characteristics sought play a mediating role in the relationship between health literacy and the selection of sources of information search for sports supplements in people who refer to fitness clubs. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that by including concepts related to health literacy, principles of supplement consumption, and how to refer to scientific sources in training courses, we can help athletes choose standard sports supplements.      

The aim of the present study was to identify the challenges of professional female athletes in Kermanshah province and provide solutions. The research method is qualitative (grounded data theory with Glaser's approach). The statistical population of the present study was experts (professors, coaches, experts, and athletes) active in the field of women's sports. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. 16 people were interviewed to collect data. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was 0.86. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the challenges of professional female athletes in Kermanshah province include: economic challenges, cultural-social challenges, sports challenges, management challenges, legal-legal challenges, media challenges, and political challenges. Each of these obstacles had its own conceptual and open codes. And appropriate solutions were presented against these obstacles. Based on the findings of the present study, we conclude that examining the status of professional female athletes in Kermanshah province shows that various obstacles affect their growth and participation. Therefore, serious attention to the development of infrastructure, financial and managerial support, and reforming cultural attitudes can increase opportunities for progress. Therefore, designing comprehensive and localized solutions to remove these obstacles is essential.   

   This study aimed to bibliometrically analyze studies in the field of Muslim women's sports in Scopus and Web of Science. This study used bibliometric techniques. The statistical population of this study consists of studies related to the field of Muslim women's sports in Scopus and Web of Science databases. The sample includes studies conducted between 1985 and 2023. The selection criteria include document type (articles only), language (limited to English), and in the field of Muslim women's sports. The analyses were conducted using Bibliometrix-R software. Bibliometrix is ??a tool for visualizing information in bibliometric analysis based on scientific production and publications in countries and regions, journals, authors, articles, keywords, and research institutions. The findings of this study showed that the most popular topics in women's sports included: gender, sports, Islam, and Muslim women. Finally, the co-occurrence analysis of the words showed that the red cluster showed items related to sports, including: gender, Islam, and physical activity; the blue cluster focused on Muslim women and was related to intersectionality, integration, migration, and international feminism; the green cluster included four items related to the connection of girls, Muslims, physical education, and religiosity. Therefore, we conclude that in order to improve the situation of Muslim women's sports, we should focus on the findings of the present study and take action to develop women's sports through interaction with authors and journals that are more established in this field.

   The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of corruption perception on the tendency to commit corruption in sports with the moderating role of moral involvement. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the present study is all individuals in the community who are involved in sports. The sampling method was simple random and the statistical sample size was calculated according to the Cochran formula. Finally, 398 people were selected as the statistical population. The tools used are standard questionnaires for measuring the perception of general corruption and moral involvement, which are summarized based on the needs of the research, and a researcher-made questionnaire was also used to measure the perception of corruption in sports. In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and their construct validity was tested and approved by first-order factor analysis. And to measure reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used, which was equal to 0.743.    software was used to analyze the data, and PLS3 software was used to design the structural equation model and test the hypotheses, the method of which has been described in detail in the previous sections. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, the perception of public corruption had an effect on the perception of corruption in sports; the perception of public corruption also has an effect on the tendency to commit corruption in sports, and finally, it can be said that moral conflict has a moderating role in the relationship between the perception of public corruption and the tendency to commit corruption in sports. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, it is suggested that officials and managers should promote ethical issues in sports organizations and federations to reduce corruption in sports.   

   The aim of the present study was to present a model of the challenges of Muslim women's competitive sports based on a layered analysis of causes. In terms of methodology, the present study is a qualitative research (grounded theory method or grounded theory using triangulation). The statistical population of the present study is experts (professors, experts, experts and female athletes) in the field of women's sports. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. Multiple sources (interviews_ visual media_ news_ study of theoretical foundations and documents) were used to collect information. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.86. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the challenges at the litany level include: restrictions on Islamic clothing and attire, lack of appropriate sports facilities, negative cultural and social attitudes, gender discrimination, legal and political barriers, and psychological and social pressures; the challenges at the systematic level include the categories of: economic problems, social problems, lack of facilities and infrastructure, lack of adequate representation by the media, cultural challenges, political challenges, and individual problems; the challenges at the discourse analysis level include: traditionalist versus modernist worldview, attitudes toward women's bodies, different interpretations of religion and Sharia, discourse on power and gender roles, Westernist versus nativist worldview, media discourse, and representation and conflict between individualism and collectivism; and finally, the last level, myths and metaphors, include: women as guardians of the home, the sacred body, competition, the arena of men, women, symbols of honor and pride in society, submissive and humble women, the West versus the East, and the hero-sacrifice. Therefore, we conclude that, considering the challenges identified in the present study, officials and managers can play an effective role in addressing the challenges of Muslim women's competitive sports by taking practical measures.   

   The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived economic status and the choice of information sources and the preferred market for sports supplements in non-competitive users. The method of the present study is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the present study is all male clients and customers of fitness clubs in Kermanshah city. Given the dispersion of fitness clubs in urban areas, the statistical sample is selected in a random-cluster manner. The Cochrane population distribution ratio formula was used to determine the sample size. According to this formula, the statistical sample of the present study was 318 people. The instrument used for this study is based on the standard questionnaires of Kaktomani et al. (2019), Curry, Dossey, and Lucy (2023); Maughan et al. (2007). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by professors and experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure reliability, which was equal to 0.88. In order to analyze the data and answer the research hypotheses,    version 25 software was used. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, there was a significant relationship between the perceived economic situation and the selection of information sources and the preferred market for sports supplements among male bodybuilders. There was also a significant relationship between the perceived economic situation and the prioritization of product features among male bodybuilders. And finally, there was a significant difference between the perceived economic situation and the prioritization of product features among different income groups. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that officials and managers should take steps to improve the economic situation of society, thereby creating conditions for athletes to purchase sports products.   

This study was conducted with the aim of Destinations in Sports Tourism Literature: A Bibliometric Review. Bibliometric techniques were used in this study. The statistical population of this study consists of studies related to destinations in sports tourism in the Scopus database. The sample includes studies conducted between 2003 and 2023. The selection criteria include the type of document (only articles), language (limited to English), in the field of destinations in sports tourism. The analyses were conducted using Bibliometrix-R software. Bibliometrix is ??a tool for visualizing information in bibliometric analysis based on scientific productions and publications in countries and regions, journals, authors, articles, keywords and research institutions. The findings of this study showed that the fields of study in sports tourism destinations included: business management, social resources and environment. Also, popular topics in the field of sports tourism destinations included: culture, spectators, marketing, destination image. Finally, the co-occurrence analysis of the terms showed that researchers focused on five clusters of sports tourism and destination sustainability, climate change, destination image, major sports events, and tourism motivation segmentation. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, it is suggested that officials pay special attention to creating and improving sports and welfare infrastructure to attract sports tourists in order to improve the situation of sports tourism destinations.   

   The aim of the present study was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the virtual leisure of female students in western Iranian universities. In this study, a mixed research method was used to collect data. The statistical population of the present study included experts (professors, experts, and students) active in the field of leisure in western Iran. The snowdrop sampling method was used for sampling to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview, which was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then by expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure reliability, which according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.85. The grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study showed that the factors affecting the virtual leisure of female students in western Iranian universities include, in order of priority: 1. Individual factors, 2. Economic factors, 3. Psychological factors, 4. Cultural factors, 5. Social factors, and 6. Educational and research factors. We conclude that these factors make cyberspace not only considered as an environment for entertainment and recreation but also as an environment for learning, research, and professional growth. In this way, students can utilize their free time to improve their skills and improve the quality of their academic life.

Abstract The growth of information and communication technologies, the creation of information, the use of various sources and digital media on the one hand, and the use of educational drugs that are distance learning or the increasing adaptation of information technology. Sports to achieve efficiency and capability in coaches in performing their duties and ultimately improve the performance of their coaches on factors that can cause desirable performance, one of the factors that affect the performance of coaches that is of particular importance and has a significant impact on achieving desirable performance is professional digital competence. The purpose of the present study is to explain the effect of professional digital competence on coaches of sports clubs in Kermanshah province. The present study is descriptive and correlational in terms of the method of collecting data. The statistical population of this researcher was all martial arts coaches (taekwondo-karate-wushu) in Kermanshah province, which numbered 220 people in 1403. The sampling method was the total number and its volume was 220. In the present study, a questionnaire will be used to collect data and structural equation modeling will be used to examine the research hypotheses. The results showed that professional digital competence and its components have a positive and significant effect on the performance of coaches in sports clubs in Kermanshah province at a five percent error level. The results show that among the components of professional digital competence, the most significant relationship and effect on the performance of coaches in sports clubs and content production have the least effect on the performance of coaches in sports clubs. Keywords: Sports, Coach, Professional Digital Competence, Coach Coach, Kermanshah  

   Abstract    The purpose of the present study was to identify and prioritize the obstacles facing track and field athletes in Kermanshah province from the perspective of experts and elites. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that is a mixed method (qualitative, quantitative) in terms of data collection and is applied in terms of purpose. In the qualitative section, the statistical population included 15 managers, champions, and veterans of track and field in Kermanshah province, who were interviewed. Using Maxquda software version 2020, obstacles were identified and dir="RTL" >                                    Keywords:   hurdles, athletics, Kermanshah province, experts and elites      

  The purpose of the present research is to identify the challenges and opportunities of conducting in-service courses for physical education teachers in the context of cyberspace. The mixed research method is exploratory (quantitative and qualitative) and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population in the qualitative part is 15 high-ranking education experts knowledgeable about the research topic (until reaching theoretical saturation), and the quantitative part includes all physical education teachers in the country (29,000) who, using the sample size determination table of Karjesi and Morgan, The number of 377 people will be considered as a quantitative statistical sample. In the qualitative part, the challenges and opportunities of conducting in-service courses for physical education teachers in the context of virtual space will be identified and the relevant model will be designed. In the quantitative part, with the structural equation modeling method and Smart PLS software, the relationships between the elements and components of the model will be subjected to a quantitative test.

   As a social phenomenon, the migration of elites and sports professionals has harmful effects on the growth and development processes of sports. One of the most important factors that play a role in the success of professional sports is elite, useful and efficient human resources. In addition to facilitating professional development, retention of sports elites reduces conflicts and the longevity of professional sports forces and increases productivity. For this reason, in this research, a model for maintaining elites in Iran's state sports organizations based on the specific challenges and contexts of Iranian society has been presented.

Background: Improving sports performance and speeding up the recovery process following sports meetings or competitions is one of the main priorities of athletes and sports coaches. This has led to the use of new strategies and approaches. Transcranial direct current stimulation is one of the relatively new approaches in the field of sports science, and the results of various studies in the past two decades have shown the positive effects of this intervention on various aspects of sports performance. However, the use of this method has often been in a single session and just before performing a sports activity, which is not very practical in real conditions. Therefore, in the current study, taking into account the research gaps in this field and using recent findings regarding the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation, the effects of three consecutive sessions of Dual-site transcranial direct current stimulation on sports and cognitive performance, answer Psycho-physiological and recovery were investigated in endurance trained women. Methods: In terms of methodology, the present study was a semi-experimental study with an intergroup research design in a two-way blind and with the control of the placebo effect (sham). 26 endurance trained female subjects participated in this research. Each subject attended a total of 8 separate sessions in the laboratory. In the first session, anthropometric measurements and familiarization with the research implementation process were performed. In the second session, maximum power output (PPO) was measured using the Astrand test for women. The third session was considered to measure the basic values ??of choice reaction time (CRT), Stroop test (SCWT), explosive power (SJT) and 3 km time trail (3Km TT). After that, the subjects who were randomly divided into groups of Dual-site anodal stimulation (M1 and DLPFC areas) or sham stimulation received stimulation specific to their group in 3 consecutive sessions with an interval of 24 hours between each session. (fourth to sixth session). 24 hours after the last stimulation session, in the seventh session, each subject performed a residual endurance activity with an intensity equal to 75% PPO, and during the performance of the activity, the amplitude of the quadriceps muscles (EMG), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), pain sensation, pleasure sensation and level of arousal were evaluated and recorded; After reaching the exhaustion, the time to exhaustion was recorded and immediately SJT, 3Km TT, CRT and SCWT were measured again. Finally, 24 hours after the implementation of the residual endurance activity and in the last session, the mental indicators of recovery (WBQ and TQR questionnaires), CRT, SCWT, SJT and 3Km TT were measured and recorded. The average values ??of the research variables were used in the statistical analysis, and the parametric statistical methods of t-independent, mixed two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements and one-way ANOVA with repeated measurements and non-parametric statistical methods of Friedman and Man- Whitney was used for statistical analysis of data. Findings:

   امروزه مصرف انواع مختلف مكمل هاي غذايي در سراسر دنيا به صورت چشم گيري در حال افزايش است. تعداد زيادي از مكمل هايي كه در بازار به صورت رايج در حال خريدوفروش مي باشند هنوز هم از مصرف آنها اطمينان حاصل نشده تحقيقات معتبر علمي، سالم و بي ضرر بودن آنها را تأييد نكرده اند بنابراين نسبت به مصرف آنها توسط ورزشكاران در رشته هاي مختلف ورزشي نگراني هايي وجود دارد. برهمين اساس و با توجه به خلأ پژوهشي جامع در رابطه با بازار مصرف مكمل هاي ورزشي در عصر ديجيتال و عوامل موثر بر آن، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعيين اثر رسانه در دانش و نگرش ورزشكاران كرمانشاهي از پيامدهاي مثبت و منفي مصرف مكمل‌هاي ورزشي و تاثير آن بر بازار مكمل هاي ورزشي در عصر ديجيتال به انجام رسيد. جامعه آماري مورد مطالعه شامل متخصصان و اعضاي هيات علمي دانشگاه بود كه در حوزه مكمل هاي ورزشي و مديريت بازاريابي تخصص لازم را داشته باشند و نيز شامل كليه ورزشكاران شهر كرمانشاه بود كه شامل 1100 نفر بود كه 200 نفر از آنان با توجه به حداكثر بزرگنمايي در معادلات ساختاري بعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند.جهت جمع آوري اطلاعات از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استفاده گرديد، كه روايي آن با استفاده از نظرات پنل متخصصان و پايايي پرسشنامه با ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ و شاخص پايايي تركيبي مورد بررسي قرار گرفت كه براي تمامي سازه‌ها بالاتر از 7/0 بوده و تأييد شد. نرم‌افزارهاي مورد استفاده براي انجام تجزيه و تحليل داده ها عبارت بودند از    نسخه 25 وSmartPLS. نتايج به دست آمده نشان داد كه بازار مكمل هاي ورزشي تابعي از رسانه، دانش و نگرش ورزشكاران نسبت به مصرف مكمل­هاي ورزشي است. واژه هاي كليدي: مكمل هاي ورزشي، دانش و نگرش، رسانه

   امروزه بيش از هر زمان ديگري در طول تاريخ شاهدتحول هاي چشمگير در عرصه‌ي فناوري و اطلاعات هستيم. در عصر اينترنت، تلفن همراه، اينترنت اشيا و هوش مصنوعي، كارآفريني و كسب و كارها بيشترين ميزان تحول را داشته‌اند. متاورس يا فراتر از جهان ،فناوري نوپديدي است كه فرصت ها و چالش هايي را بركليه فعاليت ها با تركيبي از دنياي مجازي و واقعيت ايجاد مي كند. اين فناوري در حال گسترش،سبب ايجاد تحولات شگرف در تمامي شاختار هاي زندگي آدمي در كسب وكار،ورزش ودنياي سرگرمي و.. ميگردد. الگوي علمي اين پژوهش كيفي و جامعه آماري اين پژوهش حاضر اساتيد و مختصصين ورزشي وغير ورزشي آگاه به موضوع هستند. از طريق ابزار مصاحبه   به صورت نيمه ساختار يافته به شناسايي عوامل علي-زمينه اي و مداخله گر و راهبرد ها وپيامد ها پرداخته خواهدشد. روايي ابزار پژوهش (مصاحبه)،توسط مصاحبه شونده وسپس اساتيد و متخصصين مورد بررسي قرار گرفت .براي سنجش پايايي از روش توافق درون موضوعي و براي تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از روش نظريه برخواسته از داده ها استفاده شد. يافته ها نشان داد كه چالش ها شامل قوانين و مقررات، علم و دانش، انگيزه، حمايت و پشتيباني، مزيت رقابتي، تبليغات و فروش و مديريت و فرصت ها شامل آموزش، ارتباطات، بازاريابي، هواداري، فعاليت هاي ورزشي، گردشگري و تحليل ورزشي مي باشد.    واژگان كليدي :   متاورس، ورزش و سرگرمي، فناوري ورزشي   

   The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of perceived feasibility and desirability on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students. The present research method is descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of this research is all students of sports sciences in Iran. The sampling method was simple random and the statistical sample size was also calculated according to Morgan's table. Finally, 389 people were selected as the statistical population. The instrument used for this research is based on the standard questionnaire of Shapro and Sokol (1982). In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts, and their construct validity was tested and confirmed by first-order factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability, and its value was 0.952.    software was used for data analysis and PLS3 software was used to design the structural equation model and check the hypotheses. Therefore, based on the findings of this research, the perceived probability had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students with an impact factor of 0.502. Also, perceived desirability had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students with an impact factor of 0.445, and perceived desirability had a positive and significant impact on the perceived feasibility of sports science students with an impact factor of 0.773, and finally, perceived desirability It had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of sports science students through perceived probability with an impact coefficient of 0.389. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that in order for sports science students to reach their entrepreneurial goals, they should focus on the indicators identified in this research.

      (This research was conducted with the approach of qualitative study and thematic analysis, open questions and content analysis were used to extract systematic information from the data with the aim of explaining the phenomenon under study and categorizing the relationships between its elements. It provides the possibility of extracting systematic information from the study data. The purpose of this method is to explain a phenomenon by identifying key elements and categorizing the relationships between these elements. The participants of this research were professors of sports management, experts and trainers of sports and basketball with research experience. A total of 13 interviews were conducted with experts and experts and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The main research tools included exploratory interviews and the use of theoretical study tools on library and media sources to collect data.    The interviews continued based on theoretical saturation until the researcher reached theoretical saturation. In order to increase the validity by providing feedback to the interviewees and putting them on the path of inquiry in order to increase the internal validity, for reliability, the test-retest reliability method was used by calculating the amount of intra-subject agreement. Thematic analysis included steps such as getting to know the data, creating primary codes, classifying codes into topics, creating themes, analyzing thematic networks, and the final report of thematic analysis. These prerequisites include equipment and facilities for obtaining financial support and sports scholarships, providing psychological conditions and mental preparation, specialized training and developing sports skills, as well as supporting and maintaining athletes. Support processes also include various stages that are used in the world

نقض حقوق كودكان در ورزش مبحث بسيار مهمي است كه در سال‌هاي اخير موردتوجه قرار گرفته است. اين حقوق به‌طور مكرر در محيط‌هاي ورزشي نقض مي‌شوند و پيامدهاي منفي بسياري را براي كودكان ورزشكار به وجود مي‌آورند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي موضوع نقض حقوق كودك-ورزشكاران در پرتو كنوانسيون حقوق كودك انجام گرفت. جامعه آماري تحقيق را مربيان ورزشي شاغل در هيئت­ها و باشگاه­هاي ورزشي تشكيل مي­داد. روش نمونه گيري به­صورت در دسترس بود و از پرسشنامه محقق­ساخته براي جمع­آوري داده­هاي پژوهش استفاده شد. روايي و پايايي پرسشنامه توسط 9 تن از صاحب­نظران در حوزه حقوق ورزشي و 5 نفر از مربيان به تاييد رسيد. به­منظور تجزيه و تحليل داده­هاي پژوهش از نرم­افزار ليزرل استفاده شد. نتايج نشان داد كه همه عوامل (حق بر سلامت، حق بر آموزش، حق بر تفريح ، حق بر عدم بهره‌كشي) در مدل تحليل عاملي داراي برازش مناسب و كافي بودند كه بيانگر نقش پيش­بيني كنند? اين عوامل درخصوص نقض حقوق كودك – ورزشكاران در در پرتو كنوانسيون حقوق كودك بود.   

   The purpose of the current research was to design the development model of Iraqi football clubs. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts, coaches, athletes and heads of boards) in the field of football. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 15 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.87. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that various factors influence the development of football clubs in Iraq, and these factors were categorized into 11 main categories. The categories include: improving the financial status of the club, holding training courses, developing infrastructure facilities, developing human resources, inefficiency of the club management system, weak financial and human resources, having a supportive policy, professional talent search system, developing infrastructures. football, creating discipline in the club and improving the condition of the club and athletes. These 11 items include 22 concepts and 76 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that for the development of football clubs in Iraq, the authorities should act through the identified indicators towards the privatization and all-round development of the football infrastructure of this country. This will put the clubs on the path of generating income and improving the financial situation.

   The purpose of this research was to explain the factors affecting the development of football in Iraq. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts, experts and coaches) in the field of football. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 17 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.90. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that various factors have an impact on the development of soccer in Iraq, and these factors were categorized into 6 main categories. The categories include: economic factors, improvement of the infrastructural situation, appropriate management system, meritocracy in football, professional training and talent search and attracting fans. These 6 items include 12 concepts and 48 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that for the development of football in Iraq, it should be focused on the categories extracted from this research, so that the officials and planners of football clubs can understand the needs, priorities and requirements. Identify the development of football sport and according to the known indicators, take suitable and appropriate measures in this direction so that they can ultimately help the development of football sport in this country.

   The purpose of the current research was to design the development model of futsal league in Iraq. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of the current research is experts (professors, experts, coaches, athletes) in the field of futsal. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 16 people. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.86. The test was also approved. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that various factors have an impact on the development of futsal league in Iraq. These factors were categorized into 11 main categories. The categories include: improving futsal infrastructure, improving specialized human resources, improving futsal infrastructure, improving specialized human resources, structure problems, lack of financial and human resources, appropriate management system, finding talent in futsal, increasing futsal clubs. improvement of the club system and development of sports culture in the society. These 11 items include 22 concepts and 73 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that for the development of futsal league in Iraq, it is necessary to provide financial support to futsal clubs through the identified categories, and with the appropriate talent search in the field of futsal, the conditions for participation Provide talented people in professional leagues.   

   This research was carried out with the aim of "thematic analysis of studies related to sports startups in Iran and drawing its scientific map in sports". The research method is analytical-applicative, which is designed in two parts: thematic analysis and then drawing the road map. The research method was based on thematic analysis, which was used to analyze qualitative data in the field of sports startups and to categorize meaning patterns from the data set, and then based on Ravar Matrix software. A scientific map was drawn and Centrality and betweenness indices were determined. The statistical population of this research was all published articles with the keyword sports startup. For this purpose, by using the purposeful sampling method, by referring to the internal site (all sports publications) and foreign scientific sites (Science Direct, Research Gate, and Google Scholar), the desired articles were collected. Finally, 6 articles in domestic publications and 37 articles in foreign publications were identified. In this research, sampling was not done and all 43 articles were examined and analyzed. Data analysis was done using Excel software to draw graphs and Ravar Matrix software. The findings of the research showed that sports start-up is a new topic, and the articles published in this field are categorized in the thematic areas of starting start-ups, development ways and support ways. Most of these articles have been done analytically and the modeling articles have the lowest number among the research methods of the articles. It was also done based on coding in the Visual Studio program, and 81 repetitive words (including: strategy, founder, investment, work teams, individual characteristics, expertise, market, etc.) were identified. According to the thematic analysis, 85 cases of primary concept were identified. These badges were categorized in 85 concepts, 13 themes and 3 main categories according to thematic and conceptual proximity in the axial coding stage. Finally, in drawing the scientific map of start-ups, you identified centrality and betweenness indices for 14 variables with high repetition in all texts and drew its diagram. What was shown in this research is that in recent years, it has been paid attention to by sports science and marketing researchers and this field is a new field that can be used as a trick to develop the society's economy.

  The purpose of the present research was to determine the effect of perceived social responsibility on brand equity with the mediating role of team identity and online community identity in Iraqi Naft al-Wasat futsal team fans. The current research is in terms of practical purpose and in terms of descriptive method, it is of survey type, in terms of correlation between variables, and in terms of time, it is cross-sectional. The statistical population of this research consists of all the fans of Iraq Naft Al Wasat futsal team who were members of online virtual groups or online communities of fans of Iraq Naft Al Wasat Futsal Team. According to Mueller's optimal sample size rule, 277 fans participated in this research as a sample. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaires of perceived social responsibility, team identity, online community identity and brand equity Kim and Manoli (2022). The validity and reliability of the measurement tool was confirmed using content validity, convergent validity, divergent validity, combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha. In order to test the statistical assumptions, the variance-oriented structural equation model was used. The results of the research showed that perceived social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on brand equity (?=0.322), team identity (?=0.652) and online community identity (?=0.695). Also, team identity (?=0.315) and online community identity (?=0.311) have a positive and significant effect on brand equity. Finally, the perceived social responsibility has a significant effect on the special value of the brand with the mediating role of team identity and online community identity in the fans of Naft al-Wasat futsal team (?=0.422). According to the results of the research, managers of Iraqi Naft Al-Wasat futsal team can increase their level of social responsibility to improve their brand value and strengthen the fans' team identity and the fans' identity in the club's online communities.

  پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبيين رابطه بين حساسيت به روابط بين فردي و عادت به برند هاي ورزشي با توجه به نقش ميانجي اشتياق برند انجام شد. روش اين پژوهش، توصيفي و از نوع مطالعات همبستگي مي‌باشد. روش تحقيق ميداني و پيمايشي بود و جامعه آماري شامل مشتريان برندهاي ورزشي بودند. از آن جا كه تعداد جامعه قابل شمارش نيست و مقدار بالايي را به خود اختصاص مي‌دهد. لذا حجم نمونه بر اساس جامعه نامحدود مد نظر است. از آنجا كه تعداد جامعه مشخص نمي‌باشد از فرمول كوهن براي برآورد حجم نمونه اسفاده شد. تعداد 385 پرسشنامه به طور صحيح بازگشت خورد و در تجزيه و تحليل‌ها از آن‌ها استفاده شد. اين پرسشنامه‌ها به دليل شيوع ويروس كرونا به صورت مجازي توزيع شد. براي سنجش شخصيت برند؛ از پرسشنامه باي و همكاران (2021) شامل 4 سؤال و يك مؤلفه؛ سنجش عادت به برند؛ از طريق پرسشنامه ماراد و كيواي (????) شامل 7 گويه و روابط بين فردي؛ از طريق پرسشنامه رويان و وايس (????) شامل سه سؤال استفاده شد. مي‌باشد. اين پرسشنامه در طيف 5 گزينه ليكرت متغيرهاي تحقيق را مورد سنجش قرار مي‌دهد. روايي صوري و محتوايي با استفاده از نظر 8 نفر از اساتيد مديريت ورزشي تأييد شد. روايي سازه با استفاده از آزمون تحليل عاملي تاييدي مورد تأييد قرار گرفت و پايايي متغيرها توسط آزمون آلفاي كرونباخ مورد تأييد قرار گرفت. در اين تحقيق جهت تجزيه وتحليل داده‌ها از دو روش آمار توصيفي وآمار استنباطي استفاده شد. از نرم افزارهاي    و LISREL جهت ارائه مدل استفاده شد. بر اساس يافته‌ها حساسيت به روابط بين فردي و عادت به برند هاي ورزشي با توجه به نقش ميانجي اشتياق برند رابطه مثبت و معناداري دارند. بر اين اساس مي توان پيشنهاد نمود كه يكي از مهم ترين برنامه هاي سازمان هاي ورزشي در راستاي بازاريابي ، توجه به نقش مثبت اشتياق برند است.

  The purpose of this research is to identify the strategic management factors of financial sponsors in sports and provide a model. The research is a mixed type of research and the statistical population in the qualitative part includes sports management experts, managers and experts of sports teams in Kermanshah province who are in the senior category and in the top sports leagues of the country, as well as senior managers, managing directors, finance managers or were sales managers of large industrial units in Kermanshah province, who reached theoretical saturation by conducting 10 researcher interviews through semi-structured interviews and snowball sampling. Morgan's table, 300 people were selected as a statistical sample, and the sampling was done randomly. Through the information received from the interviews and coding through the Maxqda software, a questionnaire was designed, its validity was confirmed and its factor analysis was also confirmed through the    software. The final model was designed through amoss software. The results showed that the sponsor's image plays the biggest role in the strategic management of sponsors in sports, and beliefs do not play a role in the strategic management of sponsors, and the factors of participation, attachment, honesty, performance, image, attitude, and knowledge predict 91% of strategic management. They have supporters in sports. Therefore, in the strategic management of financial sponsors in sports, special attention should be paid to the development of sports infrastructure and creating attractiveness for the target community.

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Abstract: The purpose of the current research was to investigate the factors that reduce the complaints of coaches' negligence in sports events. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical according to the method of data collection, which was carried out by field method. The statistical population based on Morgan's table included 250 sports coaches from Kermanshah city, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, which consisted of two parts: the first part included demographic questions (age, gender, education) and coaching experience) and the second part included a 24-item questionnaire of effective factors (individual, organizational, facilities and socio-cultural) and a 12-item questionnaire to reduce complaints related to coaches' negligence. Descriptive statistics (prevalence, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (regression and confirmatory factor analysis) were used for data analysis, which was done using LISREL and    software. The findings obtained from the factor analysis model showed that individual, organizational, facilities and socio-cultural factors influence the reduction of complaints from coaches. According to the obtained results and the ranking of the mentioned factors, policy makers in the field of sports can focus their main actions in order to reduce the complaints of coaches' malpractice in sports events, respectively, on the factors of facilities, individual factors and organizational factors. do    Keywords: complaint, malpractice, sports events

   Abstract The aim of the current research was to investigate and analyze the role of mass media in raising awareness of women's inclination towards sports in Kermanshah province. The research method is qualitative (data-based theory). The statistical population of this research includes experts (media experts, sports experts of Kermanshah province and professors) in the field of women's sports. For sampling, the snowball sampling method was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The research tool was an interview that was conducted with 27 people. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors, and the intra-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, and according to this method, the reliability value was equal to 0.87. In order to analyze the data, the data-based theory method was used. The findings of this research showed that the role of mass media in raising awareness of women's tendency towards sports in Kermanshah province includes: raising awareness through the media, increasing the motivation to attract sponsors, proper infrastructure management, culture building, development obstacles and It is media strategies. These categories include 17 concepts and 78 factors or open codes. Based on the findings of this research, we conclude by emphasizing the findings of the research and the identified concepts, macro-policies and effective measures should be taken to promote mass media among women, as well as provincial managers with Awareness through the media to make women aware of the positive benefits of exercising.

   Abstract    The current research was conducted with the aim of analytical study of sports and leisure spaces for women, with an emphasis on women's park in Kermanshah province. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. Library and field methods were used to collect data and information. The research tool was a questionnaire, which was a combination of two questionnaires taken from similar researches, and then the professors of the university checked the validity of the content, and by conducting a pre-test, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the reliability of the questionnaire were calculated as 0.9. The statistical population of the research includes all women referring to It was Kermanshah Women's Park. The size of the statistical sample was estimated through the t-tech test of two domains using the Sample power software of 128 people, and the same number of questionnaires were distributed among the samples. One-sample t-test and central indices were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that based on the results of the sample T-Tech test and according to the Likert evaluation, the physical, cultural, sports and management facilities of Kermanshah Women's Park have an unfavorable situation; In contrast, the components of the level of security, social relations and mental health have a favorable situation. According to the obtained results, it is recommended to implement a project regarding the optimization of women's park in Kermanshah based on the results obtained from this research and practical suggestions in order to continue and increase the presence of women.

  This research was conducted with the aim of the effect of the characteristics of using social networks on brand equity with the mediating role of brand trust (case study: consumers of sports supplements).

  The current research was conducted with the aim of prioritizing the associative consequences of old sports brands. The method of this research is descriptive and of the type of correlational studies. The statistical population of the research is all the buyers of Iranian sports brands. Since the number of the community cannot be counted and it takes a high amount. Therefore, the sample size is based on an unlimited population. Since the number of the population is not known, Cohen's formula was used to estimate the sample size. To be sure, 400 questionnaires were distributed and out of this number, 391 questionnaires were returned correctly and were used in the analysis. These questionnaires were distributed virtually due to the spread of the corona virus. The research questionnaires are taken from the research of Richard and White (2020). This questionnaire contains 15 questions, which are categorized in the form of 5 components and measures the consequences of association of old brands in the range of 5 Likert options. Form and content validity was confirmed using the opinion of 8 sports management professors. The validity of the structure was confirmed by using the confirmatory factor analysis test and the reliability of the variables was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. In this research, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.    and LISREL software were used to present the model. According to the findings, brand association is effective at the rate of 0.90 on experience and expertise, at the rate of 0.95 at the rate of 0.96 on reminiscence, at the rate of 0.96 on timele  ess and at the rate of 0.85 on tradition. Also, the significant coefficient shows that the indicators are more than 1.96 and it can be concluded that brand association has a positive and significant effect on the mentioned factors. Also, based on the findings, reminiscence, timele  ess, maintenance, experience, expertise, and tradition are among the most important consequences of brand association. Therefore, in order to associate the brand, the desired indicators should be emphasized by the marketers.

   پژوهش حاضر با هدف تأثير تصوير برند رويدادهاي ورزشي بر توصيه شركت كنندگان آن انجام شد. روش اين پژوهش، توصيفي و از نوع مطالعات همبستگي مي‌باشد. جامعه آماري پژوهش را كليه‌ي جامعه آماري اين پژوهش تمامي مخاطبان(تماشاگران) رويدادهاي ورزشي هستند. از آن جا كه تعداد جامعه قابل شمارش نيست و مقدار بالايي را به خود اختصاص مي‌دهد. لذا حجم نمونه بر اساس جامعه نامحدود مد نظر است. از آنجا كه تعداد جامعه مشخص نمي‌باشد از فرمول كوهن براي برآورد حجم نمونه اسفاده شد. تعداد 385 پرسشنامه به طور صحيح بازگشت خورد و در تجزيه و تحليل‌ها از آن‌ها استفاده شد. اين پرسشنامه‌ها به دليل شيوع ويروس كرونا به صورت مجازي توزيع شد. پرسشنامه‌هاي تحقيق بر گرفته از پژوهش كولاس و همكاران (2020) مي‌باشد. اين پرسشنامه شامل 15 سؤال است كه در قالب 5 مؤلفه دسته بندي شده است و در طيف 5 گزينه ليكرت متغيرهاي تحقيق را مورد سنجش قرار مي‌دهد. روايي صوري و محتوايي با استفاده از نظر 8 نفر از اساتيد مديريت ورزشي تأييد شد. روايي سازه با استفاده از آزمون تحليل عاملي تاييدي مورد تأييد قرار گرفت و پايايي متغيرها توسط آزمون آلفاي كرونباخ مورد تأييد قرار گرفت. در اين تحقيق جهت تجزيه وتحليل داده‌ها از دو روش آمار توصيفي وآمار استنباطي استفاده شد. از نرم افزارهاي    و LISREL جهت ارائه مدل استفاده شد. بر اساس يافته‌ها مؤلفه‌هاي تصوير برند (تجانس، تعهد و اعتماد)، بر توصيه شركت كنندگان است. همچنين ضريب معناداري نشان مي‌دهد كه شاخص‌ها بيشتر از مقدار 96/1 است و مي‌توان نتيجه گرفت كه مؤلفه‌هاي تصوير برند تأثير مثبت و معناداري بر توصيه كنندگان دارد. لذا بايد اقداماتي نظير تصويرسازي مثبت برند در ذهن طرفداران و مشتريان ايجاد كرد كه از اين طريق برند را تبليغ نمايند و موجب رشد برند شوند.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of brand personality and interpersonal relationships on addiction to sports brands. The method of this research is descriptive and of the type of correlation studies. The statistical population of this research is all the buyers of Iranian sports brands. The sampling method is accessible, which was selected from the customers of sports brands in the virtual space. Since the number of the population cannot be counted and it takes a high amount, therefore, the sample size is considered unlimited based on the population. Since the number of the population is not known, Cohen's formula was used to estimate the sample size(385 people). to measure brand personality; From the questionnaire of Karol and Ahoya (2006) including 8 questions and one component; measuring brand addiction; Through Marad and Kiwai (2017) questionnaire including 7 items and interpersonal relationshi   Royan and Weiss (2015) questionnaire including three questions was used. The face and content validity was confirmed using the opinion of 8 professors. The validity of the construct was confirmed using the confirmatory factor analysis test, and the reliability of the variables was confirmed by the Cronbach's alpha test. In this research, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data, in the descriptive statistics section (mean, standard deviation, tables, etc.) and in the inferential statistics section, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to detect the normal distribution of the data. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was used to determine the relationship between research variables, regression analysis test was used to predict variables and construct validity Also,    and LISREL software were used to present the model. Based on the findings of the above table, all paths are positive and meaningful. Also, the significant coefficient shows that the indicators are more than 1.96 and it can be concluded that each variable of brand personality and interpersonal relationships have a positive and significant effect on addiction to sports brands. The results of the model fit show that all the indicators are in the optimal level. This means that the desired model has a significant degree of reliability. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that in order to improve the brand and maintain customers, a brand with a personality should be created and through communicating with customers, make them loyal to the brand

Corruption is a very pervasive issue that has affected the entire world as a major threat.   The present study aims to investigating and analyzing the various challenges facing the media in the fight against corruption in the country's sports. The method of this research was practical in terms of purpose, in terms of qualitative approach and in terms of method, field and using interview tool. The statistical population was all journalists who reported on corruption, which was selected by the theoretical sampling method of 15 journalists, as the study sample, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. After conducting 15 interviews, gradually special concepts were identified in the participants' point of view. the data obtained qualitatively and using the coding method of analysis and their views and opinions about the various challenges facing the media in the fight against corruption in 4 main themes and 10 main categories and on They were categorized based on their importance. The findings from the implementation and analysis of the interviews using the coding method show things like; Challenges related to media independence in sports corruption reporting (with three categories), challenges related to work motivation (with two categories), challenges related to interests and conflict (with two categories) and challenges related to media support. have been of great importance in the sports corruption report (with three categories).

Today, tourism is the largest service industry in the world. Even many developed and developing countries, tourism has been a priority of their economic. The tourism industry is gaining a lot of its demand through mixed marketing. The present study seeks to achieve a realistic model of effective marketing mix in the nature-oriented sports tourism industry in the Lorestan province (west of Iran) and to investigate the effect of marketing mix strategy in attracting sports tourists. The research method is based on descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected by library and field methods (questionnaire). The sample population was 217, which were selected by purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance) were used to analyze the data. To determine the normality of the data from the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and after the data were found to be normal, parametric statistics (one-sample t-test and Pearson correlation) and linear regression were used in   21 software. The results of correlating P4 marketing mixed variables (product, price, Place and promotion) with the capabilities of nature-oriented sports tourism in the Lorestan province have shown that product and Place variables have the highest relationship and coefficient of importance in sports tourism in the study area. In other words, the dependent variable "sports tourism" had a positive and significant correlation with the independent variables "product and Place marketing mix". On the other hand, the independent variable "price marketing mix" with the dependent variable "sports tourism" are inversely correlated. In other words, with rising prices, sports tourism in the study area has been declining.   

  orts are recognized as playing a social role related to the promotion of education, intercultural dialogue and personal growth, regardless of gender, race, age, sport, religion, political affiliation, sexual orientation and socio-economic background. However, the population of elite sports women has always been smaller than men. Some of the gender gap in sports is closing, but it still remains due to some biological differences that affect performance. The scientific discussion on this issue is based on the dimming of this difference. Therefore, this research was investigated with the aim of conceptualizing championship from the point of view of elite female athletes. For this purpose, 18 sports elites were selected purposefully and based on women's snowball strategies for unstructured private interviews, and the data were collected simultaneously using a set of open, selective and theoretical codes. It was analyzed and analyzed. The results showed that the reconstruction and construction of gender identity has been obtained as a personality category of the model, that the factors of gaining power, desire for change and agency were identified around this issue, and other social, cultural, individual, economic and sports concepts were identified in this regard. . Based on this model, it is recommended that the concept of gender and women's identity be given more attention and the program be made in the development of championship sports for gender justice.

  The aim of this study was to explain the model of indicators affecting the trust of sports brands. The method of this research was performed in the field. The statistical population of this study is all buyers of Iranian sports brands. Sampling method is available that is selected from customers of sports brands in cyberspace. Since the number of population can not be counted and has a high value, so the sample size is considered based on unlimited population. Quality of service through Han et al. (2015) questionnaire, brand impact through Holbrooke and Chaudhory questionnaire (2001), self-compliance through Han et al. (2015) questionnaire, Han et al. Brand awareness (2015), brand communication through questionnaire Irwin and Satan (2001), brand reputation was assessed through the Moutinho and Waltson (2009) questionnaire, and brand trust was assessed through the Delgado and Ballister (2004) questionnaire. In this study, two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The software used is    and LISREL. Based on the findings, service quality, brand effect, self-consistency, brand awareness, brand communication and brand reputation have a positive and significant effect on the trust of sports brands. Based on this, programs such as focusing on human resources, social proof by providing value, increasing awareness about new products and resources, identifying the target group and selling values, creating a strong brand identity and strategy, using podcasts and newsletters are suggested. , Interact with customers to be considered.

Customer satisfaction and loyalty has always been one of the most important parts of sports consumer behavior and efforts in the field of consumer management try to provide these two characteristics of customers. With the complexity of the existing market and current changes such as quarantine conditions, successful clubs will be able to provide the best conditions in any field of service and welfare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of determining the effect of organizational rapid response capabilities on customer loyalty and customer satisfaction of sports clubs in Kermanshah province. The statistical population included all customers of sports complexes in Kermanshah province. Sampling and its volume based on the maximum magnification index and the opinion of structural equation experts, 200 were considered. According to the conditions of coronary care, the researcher designed the questionnaire online and asked the club managers to provide the answer link to the customers of the clubs. 350 questionnaires were visited and finally 210 complete and flawless questionnaires were entered into the analysis. Individuals completed a sample questionnaire that included 4 sections (personal information, loyalty questionnaire (? = 0.92), organizational FRO (? = 0.94) and customer satisfaction (? = 0.94)). The level of significance in this study was considered equal to 0.05. The research design was performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis and all questionnaires were approved in terms of reliability and validity. Data analysis was performed using    software and Amos version 16. The statistical index of each section of the questionnaire showed that the present questionnaire is suitable for measuring the mentioned variables. In this study, the mean age of these people was 33.60 59 5.59, of which 70 were women and 130 were men. The bachelor's degree had a higher frequency of 48%, with most of them having been in sports clubs for more than two years (40%). Data analysis using Emos software indicated the fit of research models. Path coefficient studies showed the confirmation of research hypotheses in the sense that the organizational responsiveness (FRO) variable has been able to improve customer satisfaction (? = 0.52) and loyalty (? = 0.88) and its dimensions (loyalty). Cognitive (? = 0.81), emotional loyalty (? = 0.66) and voluntary loyalty (? = 0.78) are effective. These results showed that the managers of sports complexes in Kermanshah province, if they want to have loyal and satisfied customers, can use the factor to provide a quick response capability. Key words: Marketing, FRO model, Loyalty, Customer, Fitness club, Structural equations   

in all human societies, and the corona virus and home quarantine, which lasted for two years, have led to the spread of inactivity. The aim of this study was to identify strategies to encourage exercise and physical activity at home in the Covid-19 pandemic among the community: A study of Kermanshah province which was conducted in two parts: In the first part of the study, in an interview The semi-structured was given to a group of sports experts and in the second part, the identified items were given to people living in Kermanshah province in the form of a questionnaire

  the effect of interaction in instagram on profssional athlees brandimage with the moderator role of the variables relationship quality,authenticity and atteachment

  Review Adventurous tourism is a kind of tourism that has a somewhat accompanied risk and has a special physical activity and skills in it, the nature is a person to challenge and strive to take the effort. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of tourism based on adventure sports Is Kermanshah. Research in terms of nature is an exploratory and applied research and is also used in qualitative study phase of the grounded theory. The population of this study was 14 experts and experts in the field of sport tourism, using qualitative method and snowball and theoretical saturation index was used to sample of the research community. Data collection tool was a library study and a deep interview. In the present study, the method of agreement within the subject to calculate the reliability of the interviews has been used that the reliability between the two Kdgozar was determined using the formula, 76%. In the data analysis phase, after reviewing and library studies as well as data coding in qualitative, open and axial coding were performed. In this research, territorial and regional factors, as causal conditions, laws and regulations, human resource training as the underlying conditions, management factors, support and informing as confounding conditions, investment, training and advertising, tourism management as a strategy to control, The management and response to the phenomenon are adopted, are considered. Also, in this theory, economic, social, cultural categories are considered as consequences and outcome. The results of this study showed that Kermanshah Province has high natural potentials for tourism adventurous sports, but in the sub-manufacturing sector are deficient. It also showed that the development of adventure tourism in the province has positive and influential consequences. Key words: Adventure tourism, qualitative research, feasibility study, Kermanshah, sport

چكيده اين پژوهش با هدف بررسي و واكاوي تأثير ويژگي­هاي كالبدي حسِ مكان بر بازگشت مجدد مشتريان به استخرهاي ورزشي انجام شده است. در حال حاضر يكي از كاستي­هاي معماري استخرهاي ورزشي، عدم قابليت و توانايي براي ايجاد پيوندي عميق ميان فضا و مشتريان مي­باشد. مفهومي كه به عنوان حسِ تعلق به مكان از آن نام مي­برند. امروزه ابعاد محيطي حسِ مكان در استخرهاي ورزشي مورد توجه قرار گرفته­است و سبب ايجاد پيوندي عميق بين مشتريان و فضاي ورزشي مي­شود. اين پژوهش به لحاظ استفاده و هدف كاربردي، از نظر ماهيت توصيفي اكتشافي و از نوع پژوهش­هاي كمي است. در جمع آوري داده رويكرد و فرآيند پيمايشي بر پژوهش حاكم بوده و ابزار اصلي گردآوري داده­ها پرسشنامه است. جامعه آماري شامل مشتريان استخرهاي ورزشي سرپوشيده شهرستان كرمانشاه است و از روش نمونه­گيري تصادفي ساده استفاده شده است. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول ُككران 370 نفر برآورد و از آزمون كشيدگي و چولگي جهت بررسي نرمال­بودن داده­ها و براي آزمون فرضيه­ها و مجموعه روابط علت و معلولي بين متغيرها و مؤلفه­ هاي مورد بررسي از تحليل عامل تأييدي و مدل سازي معادلات ساختاري با نرم­افزار   22   و Amos24   استفاده شده است. يافته­هاي اين پژوهش نشان مي­دهد كه متغيرهاي رنگ، نور، اندازه مكان، هارموني و تناسب و صدا با بازگشت مجدد مشتريان به استخرهاي ورزشي به عنوان عناصر حسِ تعلق به مكان رابطه معناداري دارند.    واژه­هاي كليدي: حسِ مكان، مشتريان استخر، هارموني، رنگ، نور  

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the excitement and satisfaction of participants in adventure sports. The research method is a descriptive and correlational study which is applied in the category of applied research and performed in the form of a field.The statistical population of this study was the participants in adventure sport .

  The impact of relationship quality on behavioral responses customers in sports clubs Lorestan Province

  AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to research on Effect of stadium atmosphere and impulsivity on impulse buying of sport products. impulse buying is spur of the moment ,unplanned decision to buy , made just before a purchase .which is effected buy environment and personality .   The population of the study consisted of football spectators of Tehran Azadi stadium , because of the uncertainty of the number of population, according to Kukran formula sample size was equal to 380 people which selected randomly. In order to collect data   questionnaire of impulse buying by   Chang, H. J.(2011), questionnaire of impulsivity by   Whiteside &Lynam (2001) and stadium atmosphere by Chen, C. Y. (2013)was used. Data analysis done by using the descriptive and inferential statistics include Kolmogorov – Smirnov, Pearson correlation , path analysis of structural equations, Regression and also AMOS-21 and   -22. The results showed that sensation seeking ,one of impulsivity aspects has positive effect on impulse buying .also tow aspects of stadium atmosphere ( facilities , costume and simbols )have positive effect on impulse buying of sport products in football stadiums .  Keywords :impulse buying , stadium atmosphere , impulsivity ,sport product .

Abstract   The purpose of this study is the examination of emergencies and barriors of   using mediation process in sport. This study is the kind of partical research in terms of the results and gool, and also is a field research. The population of the study is considered to be the people who sport activities and also those who are ingaged in law especially the lawyers. The population of the study was gathered through snowball method. In order to collect data a self-made questionnaire was used. Its validity was confirmed by sport-teachers of Razi university of Kermanshah and its variables reliability was calculated by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. In order to analize the data the descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation were used to describe the data. Because the gool of the study, the chi-square test and Freedman’s Regression test were used in order to analize the data and to examin its hypotheses. The analysis of the data was done using the   -19 software. The results showed that among the necessities and barriors of using mediation process, those involved in the sport inadequate familiarity with the basics of contracts, maintaining friendly relations after mediation process and preventing enmity, the possibility of a quicksettlement of sport disputations, and reducing litigation costs of the hearing process were of the most importance comparing the others. Mediatino is supposed to be one of non-court methods of solving the sport disputation. During the years 1999-2007 mediation in sport has saved 9 billion dollars in the united states and 84 percent of people was fully satisfied because of using the mediation in sport disputations. Mediation is the most important basis of restorative justics. In restorative justics the process of hearing which is in court form and it is often occurred between an attorney and an accused changes its form. And disputation is solved through face to face contact of the disputation sides and the guidance of the mediator.Key words: restorative justice, mediation process, sports disputes

  The purpose of this study was the Codification of Strategic Plan of Women Sport in Kermanshah Province with Looking at the Sixth Development Plan.This study is based on the diseriptive-practical. The statistical sample of this research were 100 individuals, included: Physical education Professors, Managers and senior officials of the General Directorate Sports and youth the province and the city province, Heads of Sports Committees province, a group of coaches and administrative staff of womens sport in Kermanshah Province. For gathering data a verified questionnaire contained 74 ranked questions about weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats of Women Sport. Some of the professors and experts have confirmed currency of the questionnaire and its permanency was confirmed by Coronbakh Alfa (?=0/91). For analyzing data, more over the descriptive indexes the comparative averages test and Freedman test and internal and external evaluation matrix were used. The results located of the study showed that the Women Sport in Kermanshah Province is in SWOT coordinate in SO position and from the view point of the internal and external factors is in strengths and opportunity position respectively. Hence, Offensive strategies are recommended to development the Women Sport in Kermanshah Province. Also by using the analysis of matrix 5 SO Strategy, 4 ST Strategy, 4 WO Strategy and 4 WT Strategy to convert the weaknesses to strengths and threats to opportunities. Also, it was defined that in strengths position the uppermost rank was related to the Acquisition Championship titles in Different sports By women in the national and international level, and about weaknesses it was related Inability to attract sponsors for the championship and the womens teams in league. For the opportunities position the rank was Attend of women of the province in the Asian Games, World and Olympic. In the threats position the monopoly of the media by addressing the most popular sports men, especially football, wrestling and ... as the uppermost rank.Key words: Codification, Strategy, Women Sport, SWOT