Abstract Objective:  Iran has a vast range of rural settlements, and their social sustainability largely depends on residents’ psychological and emotional attachment to their living environment. Factors such as perceived personal control and subjective well-being play an important role in strengthening or weakening the sense of belonging to rural life. Research Methodology:  This descriptive-correlational study investigated the effect of perceived personal control on sense of belonging to rural life, with the mediating role of subjective well-being, among residents aged 18+ in rural areas of Kermanshah County. The sample consisted of 384 individuals selected through multistage cluster random sampling. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires and analyzed using   win 27 (descriptive statistics) and Smart-PLSwin 4 (structural equation modeling and mediation analysis). Findings:  erceived personal control had a direct and significant relationship with subjective well-being and place attachment. The structural model confirmed that subjective well-being mediates the relationship between personal control and place attachment. The path coefficient for the direct effect of personal control on place attachment was 0.42, and the indirect effect via subjective well-being was 0.10. Conclusion:  Enhancing place attachment in rural communities requires a multi-level, participatory approach. The main recommendation is to design a “Rural Community Health Scorecard” combining health and psychological indicators (personal control, subjective well-being, place attachment) for scientific resource allocation. Given the high mean score of place attachment, top-down planning should be replaced with a bottom-up model delegating real control to local councils. Since subjective well-being had the lowest mean, a periodic monitoring system (every two years) at the rural district administration (Dehyari) level, along with targeted interventions—culturally based stress management workshops, local storytelling campaigns, and participatory micro?funds for women and youth—is essential. At the micro level, training volunteer psychosocial health facilitators and designing a six?session educational package based on Bandura’s self-efficacy theory (short?term goal setting, managing mental barriers) are proposed. A mobile learning system via local messengers and small grants for physical improvement projects (emphasizing vernacular architecture) can simultaneously strengthen personal control, subjective well-being, and place attachment. Combining macro-structural interventions with local, low?cost solutions institutionalizes existing psychosocial capital and brings rural development from the margins to the mainstream. Keywords:  erceived personal control, subjective well-being, belonging to rural life, social sustainability, psychological empowerment.

   Introduction: Recent studies indicate that the prevalence of stress among rural communities is increasing. Therefore, paying attention to the mental health of rural residents—as the main producers of agricultural products in the country—is of great importance. Purpose: The present study was conducted to assess rural stress in the Sarfiroozabad district. Methodology: This research employed a mixed-method, sequential-exploratory design. The statistical population included 14,000 farmers from Sarfiroozabad district. Based on Krejcie and Morgan’s table, a sample of 380 individuals was selected using a stratified random sampling method according to their proximity or distance from the district center. To collect data, a questionnaire was first designed through a qualitative phase, which included literature review and unstructured interviews with experts. The collected data were then analyzed using   -22 software in both descriptive and inferential sections. Findings: The overall level of rural stress among residents of Sarfiroozabad district was moderate. The highest levels of stress were observed in infrastructural-service, socio-familial, and environmental dimensions, while the lowest level was related to environmental and climatic aspects. Among the 59 studied items, drought, decline in groundwater levels, and delayed rainfall caused the greatest concern. Moreover, married individuals, those with higher education, farmers without rural insurance, and owners of irrigated or privately owned lands experienced higher levels of stress. Conclusion: In conditions of weak economic status, uncontrollable natural crises, and challenging cultural issues, the emergence of stress is a natural phenomenon. However, when its intensity increases and coping ability decreases, it can lead to irreversible consequences. Therefore, paying attention to the mental health of rural populations and providing them with training to manage and cope with stress is essential, as they play a key role in ensuring the nation’s food security. Keywords: Stress, Rural Stress, Sarfiroozabad                                 

Introduction and Problem Statement:This study investigates the capacities and advantages of sustainable livelihoods in the Sarfirouzabad district, located in Kermanshah Province. Achieving sustainable development is not possible without improving livelihoods and reducing poverty in rural areas. According to data from Iran's Statistical Center, the annual income ratio of rural households to urban ones in this area is significantly low, leading to the unsustainability of rural livelihoods. Additionally, climate change and the instability of natural resources threaten food security and the livelihoods of residents. Therefore, identifying capacities and advantages in this district is essential for strengthening sustainable livelihoods and reducing economic and social vulnerabilities. Materials and Methods:This research was conducted descriptively-analytically using both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 local residents, identifying five types of capital: natural, physical, human, financial, and social. These interviews aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of local capacities and existing challenges regarding sustainable livelihoods. In the quantitative section, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to prioritize capacities and advantages. A sample of 20 experts and informed individuals in local development was selected, and paired comparison questionnaires were distributed to collect data. The data were analyzed using Expert Choice software. Findings and Conclusion:The findings revealed that physical and natural capital have the highest priority in improving sustainable livelihoods. Analysis of interview results and paired comparisons indicated that cultivating high-value-added products, particularly saffron, and raising livestock and poultry were identified as the most important advantages for enhancing sustainable livelihoods. Saffron, due to its high labor demand and suitable income generation, presents an attractive job opportunity for local residents. Additionally, livestock and poultry farming, being a traditional occupation with local expertise, can contribute to food security and improve household economic status.The results emphasize that leveraging local capacities and strengthening them can lead to sustainable job creation and improved quality of life for residents in this district. These findings are particularly significant for planners and policymakers in the context of rural sustainable development. Recommendations:Based on the study's results, it is recommended that educational and supportive programs be designed and implemented to enhance human and physical capital in the region. These programs could include training courses in sustainable agriculture, natural resource management, and technical and vocational skills. Additionally, attention to developing the necessary infrastructure for increasing productivity in high-value-added crops and livestock and poultry farming could significantly improve the sustainable livelihoods of Sarfirouzabad residents.Furthermore, creating distribution and marketing networks for local products and establishing service-related jobs in tourism could play a crucial role in strengthening the local economy. These approaches would not only help improve residents' livelihoods but also contribute to preserving natural resources and enhancing the quality of life in these areas.  

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   Abstract Introduction: Development activities impose risks on the environment, and the dimensions of these potential risks vary depending on the nature of the project and environmental sensitivities. Brick kilns have a high impact potential. Therefore, by assessing the environment and providing an appropriate management plan, the potential negative impacts arising from them can be reduced as much as possible and the affected environment can be improved. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the sustainable management of lands covered by brick kilns in three areas: land degradation, land use change, and land cover, in Godin Rural District, Kangavar County. Methodology: To achieve the research objectives, an integrated (qualitative-quantitative) approach was used. A qualitative method (phenomenology) was used to identify the threats of brick kilns and the lived experiences of residents of target villages of brick kilns, and to identify and prioritize the necessary solutions for sustainable management of lands covered by brick kilns in Godin Rural District, Kangavar County (Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process). The study population of the study was residents of target villages of brick kilns, brick kiln workers, kiln owners, and experts and specialists in this field, and 14 people were selected as samples based on the criterion-based sampling method. The data collection tool was semi-structured individual in-depth interviews and field notes, and the interviews continued until data saturation was reached. Content analysis and the seven-step Claise model were used to analyze the data, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and in the (  ) (Expert Choice) software environment. Results: Based on the research results, in relation to the threats posed by brick kilns, three thematic categories were identified: A. Land use change (land removal from the production cycle, creation of water storage ponds, damage and destruction of secondary roads, and desertification), B. Vegetation change (reduction of fertile soil for plant growth, reduction of plant growth and drying, reduction of fodder required by livestock, reduction of plant photosynthesis, and reduction in the quantity and quality of plant products), and C. Land degradation (severe soil erosion, landslides, and soil impoverishment) was identified, and in relation to the lived experiences of participants from brick kilns, five clusters were identified: 1. Disease (lung problems, spinal problems, and boredom and depression), 2. Expansion of social connections (connections with different ethnic groups and greater connection with the people of the village), 3. Economic benefit (reduction of unemployment, income generation, and job creation), 4. Conflict of interest (conflict with kiln owners and conflict with organizations), and 5. Hard work (hard and exhausting work, becoming addicted due to hard work, and not continuing education due to exhausting work). Also, the use of government facilities and support in the field of accelerating the provision of infrastructure facilities for the creation of agricultural projects such as greenhouses, the correct implementation of agricultural land use conservation laws regarding the activity of brick kilns, and the use of deterrents in the field of preventing further destruction and informing the villagers about the environmental risks of brick kilns were, respectively, the most important or, in other words, the most appropriate solutions for the sustainable management of lands covered by brick kilns in Godin Rural District, Kangavar County. Discussion and Conclusion:

   Abstract    The genetic diversity of desirable alleles for resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, yield and traits related to yield and quality traits were preserved in the wild relatives of cultivated plants. Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides, 2n = 4x = 28), hulled with wide genetic diversity, is the wild ancestor of tetraploid and hexaploid agricultural wheats, which grows widely in unfavorable areas for agriculture. Emmer wheat is a source of genetic diversity and it has valuable genes from its ancient wild relatives that were extension during the domestication of hexaploid wheat, so investigating the genetic diversity of emmer wheat is necessary to improve the yield and quality of crops. Tra  osons are parts of the organism's genome that move in the host's genome, they may select parts of the genome that help them to move to the new genomic location. In this research, using nine markers based on IRAP retrotra  oson and identifying the quantitative trait loci of different agricultural traits, including morphological, phenological and physiological traits were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 104 wild emmer wheat genotypes. The percentage of polymorphic loci for IRAP markers was 86/74%. The variation range of Jaccard's genetic similarity coefficient was from 0/41 to 0/90, which indicates a high amount of genetic diversity in the studied samples. Based on the GLM and MLM models, a total of 201 and 160 significant locations associated with the studied traits were identified at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively. Pearson's correlation between traits showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between zinc content and iron in dry conditions, and there was a negative and significant correlation between grain zinc content and spike length. Considering that Pearson's correlation coefficients in dry conditions were higher than genetic correlation coefficients, it is possible that increasing the number of Pearson's correlations of studied traits is the limiting factor for the strong influence of these traits on environmental changes. In this research, increasing the length of the spike and the height of the plant led to an increase in the number of grains in the spike of emmer wheat, which is considered as a strategy for increasing wheat yield. In principal component analysis PCA, the first three components explained 67.6 percent of the molecular changes and 63.38, 2.24, and 1.98 percent of the changes, respectively, and the total changes (100 percent) were explained by 104 components.    Keywords: genetic diversity, Emmer wheat, IRAM, REMAP

  ustainable rural development is only possible in the light of proper use of environmental resources with theoretical and intellectual infrastructure and their preservation and improvement for future generations. The behavior of farmers in dealing with these basic resources has a decisive role in their protection. Purpose: The research was conducted with the purpose of modeling the environmentally responsible behavior of vegetable growers in Miandarband district of Kermanshah city based on Heinz et al.'s model. Research methodology: The research was applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out descriptively and correlationally. The statistical population was 149 vegetable farmers of Mian-Darband district in Kermanshah province, and the data was collected from them. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The collected data were analyzed using   WIN22 and SmartPLSWIN3 software and in two descriptive and inferential sections.

Abstract Introduction: The continuous use of antibiotics in the broiler production process is considered a great risk for the general health of society due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Because in recent years, chicken meat has become one of the most important sources of protein in the consumption basket of households. Undoubtedly, it is necessary to pay attention to the quality and health of chicken meat in the production process to improve the health and hygiene of the society. Objective: The research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of social and cognitive factors on the use of antibiotics in industrial meat poultry farms of Kermanshah city based on Bandura's social cognitive theory. Methodology: This study was done by descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of this study included the operators of industrial meat poultry farms active in Kermanshah city (N = 85), 70 of them were randomly selected for the study using Karjesi and Morgan's table. The measuring instrument of the research was a researcher-made questionnaire based on Bandura's theory of social cognition, whose validity was checked and confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability coefficient (all sections above 0.7). The data were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive and inferential statistics and structural equation modeling in    and SmartPLS software. Results: The results showed that sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim, colistin, erythromycin, enrofloxacin and salinomycin were the most widely used antibiotic drugs used in poultry units in Kermanshah. Intent, outcome expectations and self-efficacy of poultry farmers in using antibiotics were at a low level, and social structural factors (facilitators and barriers) affecting the use of antibiotics among poultry farmers were in good condition. In general, the poultry farmers got a passing grade in the way of using antibiotics. Also, the reported values ??of fit indices indicate that the structural equation model of relationships between poultry farmers has a suitable and acceptable fit and the components used in the research show the correctness and compatibility of the proposed model with the theoretical model and the relationships between the behavior of poultry farmers in using anti- Biotics in Kermanshah city (result expectations, intention, self-efficacy, social structure) confirms. Discussion: Based on this, it can be said that Bandura's theory of social cognition was a suitable theoretical framework for predicting the behavior of antibiotic use among chicken farmers, and in order to expand the activity of antibiotic-free chicken breeding, the government supported by giving subsidies, free loans, monitoring and evaluating organizations. related, implementation of educational plans, etc., to support chicken producers.   

   Abstract The present quantitative study aimed to analyze and examine the relationship between mental behavior indicators and environmental behavior of beekeepers using the hybrid TPB-MPI model. The statistical population of the research consisted of 180 beekeepers from Javanrud County, all of whom were studied using a census sampling method. The data collection tool was a three-part researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by expert professors, and reliability was verified through Cronbach's alpha test. To investigate the causal relationships among the variables, structural equation modeling was employed using PLS software. The results indicated that there was no significant relationship between attitude and intention toward environmentally friendly behavior among beekeepers (p=0.318, t=0.998), intention and mental processing indicators (p=0.124, t=1.538), environmentally friendly behavior and mental processing indicators (p=0.137, t=1.00), and subjective norms and intention toward environmentally friendly behavior (p=0.51, t=0.658). Hence, the null hypothesis remains valid. The findings also showed significant relationships between the variables of intention and environmentally friendly behavior (p=0.016, t=2.40), attitude and mental processing indicators (p=0.018, t=2.36), perceived behavioral control and mental processing indicators (p=0.000, t=3.39), subjective norms and mental processing indicators (p=0.001, t=3.28), perceived behavioral control and environmentally friendly behavior (p=0.000, t=3.36), and environmentally friendly behavior and perceived behavioral control (p=0.017, t=2.38).    Keywords: Mental behavior, mental processing indicators, subjective indicators, Hermann model, environmental behavior, beekeepers   

   Introduction: Special attention to increasing livestock production and improving productivity to achieve self-sufficiency and basic and food needs seems to increase the country more than in the past. Animal husbandry, as the most important sub-sector of agriculture, is one of the most important sectors in the production of production materials and dairy products, which plays a major role in feeding the people of the society, and is a group of dynamic and effective industries, which is subject to many risks during production. Objectives The objective of this research was to analyze the factors on increasing the productivity of the traditional animal husbandry unit in Serfirouzabad village of Kermanshah city in 2022-2023 from the point of view of livestock farmers. Research methodology: The current research is quantitative in terms of paradigm, applied in terms of purpose, Descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection, and field and library in terms of the amount and degree of control of variables. The statistical population of the research includes the owners of traditional livestock units in Sarfirouzabad village of Kermanshah (N = 1100), based on Karjesi and Morgan's table, 285 people were selected using stratified random sampling, including 130 livestock owners with sheep units. 100 ranchers had lamb breeding units and 55 ranchers had dairy cattle units. The data collection tool was 3 researcher-made questionnaires along with interviews, the validity of which was evaluated based on the opinion of experts and university professors, and its reliability was calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient in    software as 0.81. Data analysis was done in two parts, descriptive and inferential statistics, in   23 software. Also, in order to calculate the economic productivity of traditional livestock units, the formula of economic productivity of all production factors was used. Findings: The study of the productivity of the sheep units showed that the average productivity of the total production factors in the sheep units is 2, in the lamb breeding units is 0.2 and in the dairy cow units is 0.8. The results of the study regarding the factors affecting the productivity of traditional animal husbandry units showed that two political factors with an average of 4.073 and economic factors with an average of 4.051 have the greatest effect on the productivity of animal husbandry units. In addition, the social factor with an average of 3.962 was in the third place, and the managerial factor with an average of 3.867 and the human factor with an average of 3.785 were placed in the fourth and fifth place among the factors affecting productivity. Conclusion and suggestion: By ensuring the psychological and physical security of investing in proper pricing of products and inputs instead of mandatory pricing, the government should have a strong supporting and controlling role and provide livestock inputs in the right amount and at the right time at the right price. to put livestock farmers; Also, by granting appropriate subsidies, facilities and credits to traditional animal husbandry units, which have been converted into industrial or semi-industrial units, and by using modern technologies and improved breeds of livestock, their productivity should be increased.   

This study was conducted with the aim of strategic analysis of the development of olive processing workshops in Rajab area of Dalaho city using SWAT analysis. The present study was conducted with a combined (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In order to achieve the goal of the research, which is "development of olive processing workshops in Rijab region of Dalaho city", at first, the SWOT analytical model was used. After identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, in the next stage of SWOT, using hierarchical analysis (AHP), the factors of the four points were weighted. Then the strategies were extracted. The current study population included all the olive growers of Rijab region of Dalaho city, based on the information obtained from the Agricultural Jihad Organization in 1402, 370 people were evaluated, of which 15 people were interviewed. Also, in order to obtain rich information, interviews were conducted with agricultural Jihad experts who were familiar with olive cultivation and the issues and problems of olive growers, and 7 people were selected as samples. The tools of data collection in this research were interviews and questionnaires. In general, the results of SWAT analysis showed that there are 4 broad categories for the development of olive processing workshops in Rajab region of Dalaho city, including: suitable environmental and geographical conditions of the region for the development of olives and its products, the high added value of olives compared to other horticultural products in the region. The ability to generate employment and the high human capital of olive growers were identified. Weaknesses include 4 categories, including: management problems of olive growers, lack of necessary capital and equipment in the process of olive production and processing, tra  ortation problems in the study area, professional problems of olive growers. The opportunities for the development of olive processing workshops also include 3 categories such as: supporting policies of the agricultural sector, technology development and investment in the study area, effective promotion and training were identified by the Agricultural Jihad Organization, and finally the threats for the development of olive processing workshops include 4 There are classes, these classes are: problems related to the market, climate changes, financial and credit problems, weak legislation and policy making.  

   Abstract: Introduction: The creation of home gardens helps to create employment in the rural community and the production of organic agricultural products, besides this, educational and promotional activities can also help to develop this employment and production in this sector. One of the most important programs and priorities in the organization of agricultural jihad is training and the formation of training align="left">Objective: In this research, the effectiveness of promotional educational activities of the home garden project in Sanghar city has been investigated. Research method: Rural women are the study community of this research. This research includes interpretive paradigm with qualitative approach and discourse studies. The research method used in this study was conducted with a general qualitative approach, which used the interview tool and the narrative analysis method to analyze the information. The purposeful sampling method is of the type of special cases, which required data was collected through a semi-structured interview, and the data obtained was based on narrative analysis at two levels: 1- Primary analysis, 2- Integrated analysis, analyzed and discourse. Ghalib has been extracted. In this research, gaining a deep understanding of the studied phenomenon has been desired. The people studied in this research included 14 rural women who were active in the construction and creation of home gardens, as well as 3 experts and teachers active in this sector. Findings: In this research, most of the participants were married and housewives, the spouses of most of the people who were interested in creating home gardens were farmers, and most of them created home gardens in their yard, a significant percentage of the participants in period, the cultivated area of their gardens was less than 100 and the most types of vegetables cultivated were in the group of vegetables and summer vegetables. The results showed that the effectiveness of promotional educational activities in the discussion of home gardens includes 9 components and they are divided into 2 general categories according to the situation: 1) Components with positive and effective capacity 2) Components with crisis. The components examined in this research are effective in the quality of educational programs. Elements with positive capacity (effectiveness) have six components, which shows the effectiveness of the course in terms of these elements. Elements with crisis was another important concept in this research, which in the integrated analysis of the dominant discourses of the current research showed three types of crisis regarding the components of the elements of educational courses. Also, in this research, there are three types of align="left">Offers:Updating the information of teachers to know how to teach applicants, conducting training align="left">Keywords: effectiveness, home garden, rural women, educational-promotional activities

production of oilseeds in Iran provides only 10% of the country's oil consumption, while the country's climatic conditions have a high potential for the self-sufficient production of these seeds. Among the oilseeds, canola is a plant with a high percentage of vegetable oil (40-45%). Indeed, overcoming the obstacles of its production can lead to decreasing canola imports. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the obstacles to the development of canola cultivation in the central part of Khorramabad city. This qualitative study can be considered practical research since it provides useful information to improve canola cultivation. The study population was farmers in the central part of Khorram Abad, which were selected using a purposeful sampling method (15 individuals). The results revealed that the obstacles to the development of canola cultivation in the research area can be considered into five categories, including economic obstacles, lack of government support, climate, sales and marketing, and obstacles caused by the physiological nature of the canola. The highest number of obstacles identified in this research is in the category of economic matters, which include: the high cost of bed preparation, the high costs of fighting weeds, the low relative advantage compared to other products in the region, and the high cost of canola cultivation. Considering the significant overlap of the findings of this research with other related studies in the country, our suggestion for activists and also for future researchers, is that allocate their time and efforts to answer this question: Why are these barriers not being solved?

   Introduction: The development of lifelong learning as an educational subject has expanded in all aspects of life and is one of the most important capabilities needed in today's information society. Objective: The research was conducted with the aim of explaining the willingness of agricultural students of Razi University to lifelong learning based on Bandura's theory of social cognition. Research methodology: The research was carried out descriptively and correlationally. The statistical population was the students of agriculture and natural resources of Razi University in the academic year of 1402-1401 in the number of 1365 people, based on the table of Karjesi and Morgan, 300 people as a sample and using stratified random sampling with proportional assignment according to degree were selected. In order to collect information, standard questionnaires were used. The collected data were analyzed with   WIN22 and SmartPLSWIN3 software and in two descriptive and inferential sections. Findings: The students' desire for lifelong learning was at an average level. The level of desire for lifelong learning among doctoral students, working in the private sector and with more than 5 hours of extracurricular study per week was higher than other students. Examining the situation of the four dimensions of Bandura's social cognition theory showed that the three dimensions of expectation-value, self-efficacy and self-regulation are at a high level in students. Based on the modeling results of the structural equations of self-efficacy and self-regulation (first and second factors), they explained a total of 67% of the total variance of the desire for lifelong learning. Conclusion: In the economic and technological situation of today's society, lifelong learning is a necessity, institutionalizing this concept and training agricultural students with it can partially overcome the lack of skills and unemployment of graduates of this sector and the sustainable development of agriculture. to do Based on this, by expanding research activities, encouraging students to study extracurricularly, strengthening self-efficacy and self-regulation, the desire for lifelong learning can be promoted in them. Keywords: lifelong learning, Bandura's theory of social cognition, self-efficacy, self-regulation, expectation-value, self-control.   

   Introduction: Access to accurate, timely and appropriate information enables farmers to make better decisions about what to produce, when to produce it and where to sell it. Considering the colorful role of television in influencing the audience and the possibility of learning more complex issues through it, it demands more and more attention to this medium. Among the important factors of the efficiency of the media in transmitting agricultural information to farmers, we can mention the timeliness, interest of farmers, freshness and quality of information. All these sectors need attention due to the expansion of leading organizations while using some media as dissemination tools. Objective: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the characteristics of a desirable agricultural educational television program. Research methodology: The population of this qualitative research was the extension workers of Kermanshah city. Purposeful snowball sampling method was used to select the participants. The data collection method was semi-structured interview and sampling continued until data saturation. The data were analyzed through three stages of open, central and selective coding. The validity and reliability of the data were examined through reliability, transferability, verifiability and reliability. Findings: According to the results, the most important weaknesses of the Rooiesh TV show were the inappropriate time of the program broadcast, the lack of training and information, and the lack of attention to the characteristics and needs of the audience. The most important features of a desirable agricultural educational television program from the point of view of extension workers are continuity and solidarity in the time and broadcast of the program, emphasis on appropriate content, presentation of the program in different formats and based on interaction and feedback. Conclusion: Paying attention to the weak points of the Rooiesh TV program and planning to reduce them by considering the identified desirable features can lead to an increase in the quality of the TV program in question and consequently an increase in the number of viewers. The number and content of the current TV show's weaknesses show that it needs a major overhaul in all its parts.

   Introduction: Knowledge-based companies play an important role in the development of technology, economicprosperity and creation of productive employment.In other words, knowledge-based companies area means of economic development.But in the field of agriculture, due to some structural problems,knowledge-based companies in Kermanshah province exist at a limited level despite the existenceof many capacities in the agricultural sector. Objective: The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the obstacles and facilitators of thedevelopment of knowledge-based agricultural companies in Kermanshah province. Research Methodology: In terms of its nature, it is considered to be of the type of mixed (qualitative- quantitative) research, in terms of the degree ofcontrol of variables, it is of the non-experimental type, and in terms of the purpose, it is consideredto be of the type of applied research;The main design used in the research was sequentialexploratory. Based on this, the qualitative part of the research was done first, and based on theresults, the quantitative part was done.The quality department community was the CEO and experts, that 16 of them were selected by purposeful snowball sampling.The data analysis of thissection was done using two stages of open and axial coding using Maxqdawin18 software. Thestatistical population of the quantitative part of the research was 61 people who had companies in different fields of agriculture in the growth centers and Science and Technology Park of theprovince, and all information was collected from them.Data analysis was done using force fieldanalysis through   win20 and Pathmakerver5.5 software. Results: The data analysis of the qualitative part of the research led to the identification of 32 facilitatorsand 31obstacles in the form of five categories of individual, institutional, specialized, and interactive -communicationand managerial factors.The comparison between the facilitating forces and theobstacles in the quantitative part showed that only in the institutional dimension, the obstacles aremore deterrent.In other words, in the institutional sector, the development of agriculturalknowledge-based companies faces many obstacles، Identification of executive measures throughinterviews with CEOs and hypothetical implementation of these measures led to the reduction ofthe deterrent effect of obstacles. Conclusion: Considering the strong four factors of individual, specialized, interaction-communication andmanagement in the current situation, we can witness the development of agricultural knowledgebasedcompanies in the future.In the institutional dimension, it is necessary to remove theobstacles in this factor through proper planning and management Therefore, through theinstitutionalization of executive actions and facilitating factors, it is possible to lead to the fasterdevelopment of knowledge-based agricultural companies and to weaken obstacles.

  Abstract Objective: Natural hazards (especially earthquakes) are a fundamental challenge in achieving the sustainable development of human societies. Such risks have the capacity to turn into a terrifying and devastating accident for human communities in the absence of risk reduction systems. Generally, this influence is widely diminished due to the very complex communication between different systems of human societies and causes many damage to various sectors, including body, community, culture and identity. Despite the lack of predictions for many of these hazards, it can be minimized by the vulnerability and comprehensive understanding of such events in a society affected. Increased resistance to natural disasters, especially earthquakes, is greatly effective in reducing these damages as well as the time of recovery of societies. For this reason, this study was conducted to analyze the impact of five capital (human, social, financial, physical and natural) capital on the resurrection of rural households after the earthquake in the city of Sar -e -Zahab. Research Methodology: This study is a descriptive and correlational research in terms of quantitative paradigm, and according to the research range, the design used in this study was cross -type. Statistical Research Journal, Russian households were difficult to do with Zahab, Benefit and Patriot (3196); Of these, and based on the table of Bartlett et al., 280 residents of the study area were selected as classified and appropriately assigned. A researcher -made questionnaire was used for data collection, with the validity and reliability of the questionnaire by the specialists panel and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.94) and reconstruction. Also in software (  ) and (Excel), analyzes (descriptive and inferential) were performed. Results: Based on the results, it can be stated that the social, economic, institutional and physical stabilization of earthquake -prone villagers is above average and at an acceptable level. It was also found that among the variables of five capital capital (human, social, financial, physical), education level, average annual family income from agriculture, annual background, membership in social institutions, horticultural lands, agricultural activity, information resources In the field of earthquake and residential skeleton after earthquakes with livelihoods, positive and meaningful relationships between gender variables, irrigation system, earthquake insurance and unexpected accidents, earthquake intensity, type of residential home materials before earthquake Prior to the earthquake, there is a negative and significant relationship. But there was no relationship between natural capital and resilience. Conclusion: Overall, an area will be fully impaired when all the indicators, components and dimensions of the resignation in that area are in a better position and in the state of growth and upgrades. Keywords: Earthquake, Sadness, Sadness, Five Capital, Sar -e -Zabab County.

  AbstractIntroduction:Today, tourism festivals and events are one of the most growing sectors ofrural tourism in Kermanshah province. Local managers ofdifferent villages in Bayingan district organize various tourism events basedon their cultural and economic characteristics. Amongthese diverse forms of tourism is event tourism. In recent years, with the increase of natural and humancrises and the speed of their spread to the ends of the world, and due to theincreasing intertwining of economy, culture and human societies, tourismdestinations have faced problems in planning, management and control. Investigating the effects of covid-19 in terms ofhelping to control and manage it in the field of event tourism is an inevitableand fundamental thing, which requires knowing the region's experiences oftourism target events, the problems caused by the covid-19 crisis, and thenecessity of adopting crisis management and providing strategies management ofthe target areas.Research method: Inthe present study, using a qualitative approach and content analysis with adirectional approach, due to predetermined categorization based on Taylor'sperceptometric model, semi-structured interviews were conducted with localresidents, local officials, tourists and local entrepreneurs in the fields ofDifferent types of tourism in Bayingan region were targeted Andthen, in order to analyze them, Claizi's seven-stage model was used. Then, thechallenges and problems that the Covid-19epidemic has placed on tourism in the region were identified. Finally,in order to formulate strategies for the management of the covid-19epidemic on tourism events in the target areas, using a qualitative paradigm toanalyze the crisis management of event-oriented tourism in the conditions ofthe covid-19 epidemic based on thecrisis management framework of Murphy et al. (2008)using content analysis in software MAX-QDA was used.Findings:Based on the results of content analysis, 70 key codes and concepts in sevencategories under the title of Pomegranate Festival, Agar Festival, NowruzFestival, Chele Festival, Religious Holidays, Baby Festival, ThanksgivingFestival in four categories of experiences, definitions, memories. andexpectations, it was identified that after the Covid-19 crisis, they were facedwith major challenges such as reduced sales of products, lack of acceptance oftourism events, lack of motivation and lack of interest in communicating, whichrequired the adoption of a crisis management approach in the three areas ofgoals, strategy and action. They were in three stages before the crisis, duringthe crisis and after the crisis. Based on thefindings, in the post-crisis phase, the goal of prevention and its strategiesis preparation and empowerment; During the crisis stage, the goal of managingthe impact of the crisis and its strategies, reactive measures and reducing theharmful effects of the crisis, and in the post-crisis stage, the goal ofrevitalizing and promoting tourism-related businesses and appropriatestrategies for recovery and revision, increasing the resilience of businessesand businesses It was related to tourism.Discussion and conclusion: Bayingan district with its cultural, social, naturalfeatures and unique traditional and historical events is one of the targetareas of Iranian tourism, which has not been exempted from the effects of theCovid-19 epidemic. Therefore, investigating the effects of Covid-19 in terms ofhelping to control and manage it in the field of event tourism and applyingmanagement strategies is inevitable and essential. Therefore, taking intoaccount that with the occurrence of any crisis, changes and transformationsoccur, so for survival, it is necessary for businesses to advance theiractivities in accordance with new conditions and adopt management strategies.Keywords:event tourism, perception, control management, covid-19, strategy, Bayingan

   Findings: In this research, more than 83% of the experts expressed their satisfaction with the involvement of beneficiaries in the extension centers during the Covid-19 era. According to the findings of the research, teachers' familiarity with the Internet as a teaching and learning tool and users' familiarity with virtual space have increased. Based on the findings of the research, the factors of financial-equipment status, experience and expertise of virtual education, communication, planning-management and contextual factors have explained 61.6% of the challenges of the centers during the Covid-19 era to provide services to farmers. Based on the findings of the qualitative section, the factors affecting the educational performance of agricultural Jihad centers are divided into two categories, promoting and hindering. The development of virtual space and online education became one of the important factors for winning the title. Also, according to the results, remote work and shift work have had a positive effect on the performance of the centers. According to the findings of this research, the economic efficiency of online education is one of the leading factors affecting the performance of agricultural jihad centers. Another issue that has maintained the performance of the centers and is effective in its feedback is that the level of health and health knowledge of experts and farmers has increased, and this has facilitated the continuation of work in the centers. Based on the results, increasing coordination and work order has been another effective factor on the performance of the centers during the Covid-19 era. Another group of factors affecting the performance are the inhibitors and include the lack of facilities and equipment of the centers to adapt to the conditions of the Covid-19 disease, the low access of users to the services and requirements of online education, the compulsion to adjust the level of the centers' services and several other factors that include These are the cases. The lack of planning in compiling the content and updating the necessary equipment in the implementation of effective training courses is one of the obstacles that, due to the reduction of the training content, the reduction of two-way communication in virtual training, the weak or incomplete transfer of information to the main farmers, The reduction in the use of educational aids, and the interference of educational programs with the peak activity of the centers has occurred. According to the results, the increase in dissatisfaction and lack of motivation of employees, which is another inhibiting factor, is caused by dissatisfaction of employees in terms of salaries and wages and not using employees in the right position. Regarding the management of the activities of agricultural jihad centers, there is a solution that can be used to improve the activities of these centers.

  Abstract Forest ecosystems, as a large part of renewable natural resources, in addition to being national capital, play an essential role as the foundation of economic and social development. In recent decades, problems related to forest fires have increased. The bad condition of the fire and its consequences indicate the need to solve it. The current research has used the basic theory approach with the aim of providing a model of the fire phenomenon in the forests of Chavar city. The research community includes key informants in the beneficiary communities, including experts from the natural resources and water management departments of Ilam and Chavar cities, trained forces of the protection unit of the General Directorate of Natural Resources and Water Management of Ilam province and Ilam and Chavar cities, local communities of Bankhshak and Ganjvan villages, and active semens. They were in the field of forest management and protection at the level of this city. The participants were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball approach. Deep interview (individual and group discussion) was the data collection tool. The result of applying the foundational theory was a conceptual model that showed human, cooperative, managerial and motivational factors as causal conditions, cultural-social, economic and natural factors as background conditions and legal-policy-making, educational-informational, supervisory and infrastructural factors. As intervening conditions, they have caused the occurrence of fires in the forests of Chavar city. The findings showed that appropriate legislation and supervision, promoting the culture of natural resources, educational-promotional, managerial, cooperative strategies and economic measures were the most important strategies to deal with the studied phenomenon. Finally, the social, economic and environmental consequences were raised as consequences of the implementation of strategies.

Absteract Tourism has been identified as a vital environmental impact. Greenhouse gas emissions are related to travel, accommodation and leisure activities. It also not only causes global warming, but also destroys the host or ecological environment of the host destination. In addition, intentional and unintentional behaviors of tourists have caused environmental damage in many tourist destinations, such as disrupting the ecosystem of tourist destinations. In the meantime, to reduce the negative effects of tourists, special attention should be paid to environmentally responsible behaviors, so that several structures affect the environmentally responsible behavior of tourists. One of these very important structures is values. The aim of this study was to investigate the place of values ??in environmentally responsible behavior among tourists in Taq-e-Bostan Forest Park. The present study was a descriptive exploratory study. The data collection tool in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire. Which was designed and compiled by examining the research background and using the Schwartz (2001) standard questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is the tourists of Taq Bostan Forest Park. The sampling method of this research is simple random. Cochran's formula was used to determine the number of research samples. The statistical sample of this study was 300 people. Statistical analyzes were performed using    and AMOS software. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used in inferential data analysis. Findings indicate that values ??of self-excellence, values ??of self-transcendence, values ??of conservatism and values ??of readiness to change the environmentally responsible behavior through individual norms, social norms, attitudes toward the environment And awareness of the consequences of environmental degradation is influential, as are values ??of attention to excellence inversely. The results of the present study showed that values ??have an important place in shaping the responsible behavior of tourists. But values ??alone do not affect environmentally responsible behavior, but also variables such as individual norms, social norms (as a moderating variable), attitudes toward the environment and awareness of the consequences of environmental degradation. They are of special importance.       Keywords: Environmentally, responsible behavior, Forest Park,values   

  Currently, the corona virus has spread all over the world and its dimensions have affected all sectors and economic activities. The agricultural sector has not been spared from this impact. They provide food for the country, so harm to these communities can seriously endanger food security. , Is phenomenological in terms of research method and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the present study consists of rural households in Miandarband district. Targeted sampling method and data collection method was focus group interview, observation and under special circumstances, telephone interview, a total of 17 households were interviewed. "Food security and the least impact on the" food preferences "dimension of food security. The results of the study can have benefits for rural health centers, jihad centers, aid organizations, and rural managers such as councils and villages.

كارآفريني معلولان يكي از راهكارهايي است   كه در طي دو دهه گذشته جهت مقابله با بيكاري و كم­كاري افراد داراي معلوليت مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. از اين­رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسايي عوامل مؤثر بر كارآفريني معلولان روستايي بخش كوزران در استان كرمانشاه به   روش آميخته (كيفي- كمي) انجام شد. مشاركت­كنندگان در بخش كيفي 21 نفر از معلولان روستايي و 15 نفر از مديران و كارشناسان سازمان بهزيستي بودند. ابزار گردآوري داده­ها در اين بخش مصاحبه­نيمه ساختارمند بود كه تا مرحله اشباع نظري ادامه يافت. تجزيه و تحليل داده­هاي گردآوري شده به روش تحليل محتوي و با استفاده از نرم­افزار Maxqda12 منجر به شناسايي 58 مفهوم مرتبط با عوامل مؤثر بر كارآفريني معلولان روستايي شد كه اين مفاهيم در قالب 15 سازه و 4 مقوله اصلي شامل شايستگي­هاي كارآفرينانه معلولان روستايي؛ عوامل فردي مؤثر بر كارآفريني معلولان روستايي؛ عوامل زمينه­اي مؤثر بر كارآفريني معلولان روستايي و عوامل ساختاري مرتبط با كارآفريني معلولان روستايي دسته­بندي شدند. همچنين تحليل داده­ها منجر به شناسايي 27 مفهوم مرتبط با راهكارهاي توسعه كارآفريني معلولان روستايي شد كه در قالب 5 راهكار آموزشي- توانمندسازي؛ فرهنگ­سازي و تغيير نگرش عمومي به كارآفريني معلولان؛ حمايت و پشتيباني مادي- معنوي؛ تنوع­بخشي زمينه اشتغال و برندسازي محصولات معلولان و بهبود كمي و كيفي نيروي انساني دسته­بندي شدند. در مرحله كمي برپايه يافته­هاي بخش كيفي ابزار پژوهش تدوين شد. جامعه آماري اين بخش معلولان روستايي داراي قابليت اشتغال در بخش كوزران بودند (130N =) كه با توجه به محدوديت جامعه آماري همه آنها به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند و در نهايت تحليل داده­ها با 118 پرسشنامه و به كمك نرم­افزارهاي   V25 و Smart PLS انجام شد. در بخش كمي عوامل مؤثر بر كارآفريني معلولان روستايي و همچنين راهكارهاي توسعه كارآفريني معلولان روستايي كه در بخش كيفي شناسايي شده بود توسط داده­هاي تجربي تأييد شد. از اين رو پيشنهاد مي­گردد در راستاي توسعه كارآفريني معلولان روستايي نتايج اين پژوهش مورد توجه سازمان­ها و نهادهاي مرتبط با كارآفريني معلولان روستايي قرار گيرد.

   in recent years , sustainable development of the agricultural sector has attracted the attention of many researchers and planners. However , poor management and resource constraints , sometimes due to conflicting goals of agricultural stakeholders , have made it difficult to achieve this . This has increased the need for optimal use of resources In recent years , in the field of crop production optimization , various methods have been used for production planning. one of the most preferred methods is fuzzy Goal planning. in this method, despite the lack of access to resources and certain information, it is possible to achieve optimal solution with the highest accuracy. The main purpose of this study is to optimize crop production by simultaneously considering the ideals of increasing profits , minimizing water consumption , fertilizers and chemical toxins and increasing yield in the sahneh plain . the above research has been studied in the field of 7 scenarios with centrality of the above objectives for 7 decision variables. The statistical population includes all deep and semi-deep well beneficiaries registered in Kermanshah Regional Water Company (421 Exploiter). The sample volume was determined using the cochran formula (201 Exploiter). after gathering data through questionnaire, by using fuzzy Goal planning program , the ideal equation for each cause is determined. In order to solve the optimization equation, Gams software has been used. The results show that the above ideal can be achieved if   Wheat cultivation area to 66.55ha, Sugar beet to 126.65 ha, Alfalfa to 369.9 ha, Coriander to 43.69. Corn to 4.9, Sunflower to 10.22 and rice 8.54 ha. Also, according to the results obtained, among the above products, Sunflower has the highest and corn has the lowest rate of achieving the Goal

   Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the acceptance of solar energy in rural communities in the central part of Kermanshah township. Energy is the main force of human life and their social life and has led to the economic development of societies. Solar energy is one of the most important and widely used energies that, in addition to being renewable, has caused less damage to the environment and humans. Unfortunately, there are villages in our country that are not connected to the national electricity distribution network, and if these people are connected to the national network, additional pressure will be applied to the electricity distribution company, which will lead to more air pollution. On the other hand, most of these villages have a population of less than 20 people, which will not be economically viable to wir these areas. Therefore, the use of solar panels can be untying.    methodology: The present study is a quantitative-qualitative paradigm and consists of Four steps. This research is both applied and fundamental. For this purpose, first the zoning of rural areas of Kermanshah township was done with the help of information obtained from the province electricity distribution company and GIS software. In the second step, after obtaining information through individual interviews and analyzing the content of the main sentences, the main concepts are identified. In the third step, the main concepts are formulated and a researcher-made questionnaire is filled out with the help of 200 villagers in the central part of Kermanshah township, whose number is calculated by Morgan formula, of which 118 were men and 82 were women. The obtained data were analyzed using    software and the final model was obtained using AMOS software.    Results: Based on the findings, the central part is considered as the population of the present study. Based on the findings of the external variables model, which includes government support, information and education, professional characteristics, participation, individual-social characteristics and acceptance of leading and reputable people, has affected on the two variables is perceived usefulness and perceived ease, and these two are effective on the variable of attitude, and the variable of attitude on intention, and intention have also been effective on the variable of actual use. Perceived ease variable also affected perceived usefulness. But the usefulness variable has no effect on intention and their relationship is also negative. The goodness of the fit of the model with the number 0.880, shows the fit of the model well.    Conclusion: Based on the results, there is a positive and significant relationship between external variables and perceived usefulness. There is also a positive and significant relationship between external variables and perceived ease of use. In addition, there is a significant and positive relationship between the perceived ease variable and the perceived usefulness variable. Furthermore, there is a significant and positive relationship between perceived usefulness and attitudes toward use. There is a positive and significant relationship between the variable of attitude to use and intention to use. There is also a positive and significant relationship between the variable of intention to use and actual use. However, the relationship between perceived usefulness and intention was negative and there was no significant relationship because solar panels have not been used or have a negative experience in rural communities. Based on the results, 6 variables have been added to the Davis technology acceptance model, and people in rural areas of the central part of Kermanshah township are interested in installing panels if the restrictions are lifted.   

   Gavoshan Dam is one of the major government development projects in rural areas. According to the official reports, this project has been created with the aim of supplying water to the agricultural lands of Bilevar and Mian Darb plains, as well as the economic development of the covered areas. However, research has shown that more than three decades after the construction of the dam, the Gavoshan water resources management plan has faced several challenges, including stakeholder conflict. Past research, however, has often tried to assess the economic and environmental impacts of the dam with a positivist paradigm, ignoring the social context in which the dam is built. Therefore, in this research, this time, using the qualitative method and naturalistic paradigm, the social effects of the dam are examined as perceived by the stakeholders. The main emphasis in this qualitative assessment has been on the analysis of social contradictions (as an emerging challenge). Participants in the study positively assessed the effects of the dam on quality of life and improving their sense of place, and believe that the implementation of this project has led to a reduction in social capital and damage to natural resources. Then, the cases of conflict between stakeholders were examined, which led to the identification of various patterns of conflict between stakeholders. The analysis of these cases, emphasizing the conflict management style, showed that the regional water company and Jihad Keshavarzi, as government officials in the implementation of this plan, using a competitive style, try to force other stakeholders to withdraw from their interests. In a way that despite increasing the income of residents and improving various aspects of their quality of life, adverse social effects such as conflict and reduced social capital still plague the residents of the region. Therefore, water shortages or economic problems alone are not a good justification for implementing such projects. It is suggested that in the implementation of development interventions at the strategic level, all aspects of development, especially the social dimensions of the residents of the affected areas should be evaluated. It is better to do this evaluation in the pre-project stages because prevention is always better than treatment.

Abstract Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.   . Durum) is one of the most important foods due to its widespread consumption in the world as pasta and having a high percentage of protein (12-14%). Genetic diversity is the basis of breeding programs and selection depends on the existence of desirable genetic diversity in terms of the characteristics under study. Due to the importance of durum wheat, identifying its genetic diversity is of great importance. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of 69 durum wheat lines received from ICARDA along with Saji cultivar using SCoT marker and to investigate the relationship between this marker and five important agronomic traits measured in two cropping seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). A total of 177 bands produced by 12 primers, of which 97 bands were polymorphic (54.86%). The highest number of polymorphic bands was related to SCoT16 primer and the lowest was related to SCoT14 primer. The mean of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.448 and the highest and lowest values ??belonged to SCoT33 and SCoT30 primers, respectively. The genetic similarity of the genotypes using the Jacquard similarity’s coefficient ranged from 0.184 to 0.734. In the cluster analysis, the genotypes were divided into four groups, and the results of principal component analysis also corresponded to this grouping. The primers used in this study showed a moderate polymorphism, and among them, the SCoT16 primer was highly efficient in differentiating genotypes. The range of high genetic similarity coefficient showed high genetic diversity among the studied lines. In the association analysis by generalized linear regression method in the first year of study , 25 and in the second year of study 35 informative markers and using mixed linear regression method in the first year of study, 22 and in the second   year of study, 32 significant association between genomic locations and five studied traits were identified. For each traits, days to flowering, plant height, days to physiological maturity and 1000-kernel weight, a stable marker was identified across two years. Keywords: association analysis, genetic diversity, genetic structure, SCoT marker, Triticum turgidum L.   

  AbsteractIn today's world, the quality and health of food is one of the issues and challenges facing human society. Due to their economic benefits, vegetable farmers are always looking to maximize production per unit area by using a variety of chemical inputs and in cases of water shortages and crises, the use of unconventional water. This behavior of vegetable farmers is explained by several structures. The aim of this study was to investigate the position and role of values of vegetable farmers in Kermanshah in the production of healthy vegetables in 10 rural areas of the city. The present study was descriptive and exploratory. The data collection tool in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire which was designed and compiled by examining the research background and using the standard questionnaire of Allport et al. (1970). Based on the results, there is a significant difference in socio-economic and theoretical values between the two groups of men and women. The results also showed that the level of literacy and adherence to values have an inverse and significant relationship (p = 0.015, rs = -0.151). Also, the results of comparison between different groups of vegetable growers in terms of age showed that there is a negative relationship between the age of the farmer and his values, and as he gets older, some values decrease (p = -0.3, rs = -. 0065). The results showed that attitude alone can not be effective in controlling the behavior of farmers in the production of healthy vegetables. But values can be effective in explaining the behavior of healthy vegetable production by influencing attitudes that act as an intermediate variable. There is also a positive and significant relationship between the farmer's attitude and his behavior and the farmer's attitude can affect his behavior. According to the research results, we found that there is always a direct relationship between the values of vegetable growers, their attitudes and behaviors, and values as the most important influential structure in the attitude of farmers can both directly and indirectly through the attitudes of individual thoughts in behavior. Guide healthy vegetable production and explain the results, the role and position of value in healthy vegetable production.  Keywords: ethics, value, agriculture, vegetable growing, development, sustainability, Kermanshah city.

   Abstract: Job empowerment( employability) has been proposed as one of the key strategies for the development of entrepreneurial activities in rural areas. However, the empowerment and development of job skills of rural youth depends on various factors, among which teamwork skills have a special place. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the role of teamwork skills on the job empowerment of rural youth in rural communities, sanjabi rural Districtin in Kermanshah. The present research method was descriptive-analytical in terms of quantitative intellectual orientation. The statistical population of the study consisted of rural youth (15-35 years) (N = 4288). The sample size was determined using 351 multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data required for the research were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed through face and content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using   23 software. Based on the results, there was a significant relationship between teamwork­ skills, job empowerment   and psychological empowerment with demographic characteristics such as education level, job status and type of employment of rural youth. Findings from correlation analysis showed that teamwork­ skills and its components (except communication) have a direct and significant effect on the job employment of rural youth in Sanjabi rural district. The findings also showed a direct and significant effect of psychological empowerment and its components (except autonomy) on the teamwork skills of rural youth studied. The direct and significant effect of psychological empowerment and its components (except competency) on the job empowerment of rural youth in Sanjabi rural district was also confirmed. Finally, the findings of Teamwork skills (except for its components of communication, coordination and interpersonal communication) and psychological empowerment (except for its components of competence and Feeling effective) have affected the job empowerment of rural youth in sanjabi rural Districtin. The results of the present study indicate that the collective and Team skills and psychological readiness of young people are the motor and dynamics in the fields of team and group entrepreneurship to create employment, self-employment and income generation.    Keywords: Skill, Teamwork, Employability(Employment,Job), Rural Youth, Sanjabi Rural District.

  هدف: آموزش عالي نيروي محركه و عامل پيشرفت هر جامعه­اي است. اعضاي هيات علمي دانشگاه­ها به عنوان افرادي كه مسئول تعليم و تربيت دانشجويان هستند، بايد نسبت به اخلاق حرفه­اي آگاهي داشته و با پايبندي به آن، سلامت فرآيند ياددهي – يادگيري را تضمين نمايند. عليرغم نقش بي بديل اعضاي هيات علمي در فرايند تعليم و تربيت در دانشگاه­ها و اهميت رعايت اخلاق از سوي آنها پژوهش­هاي چنداني در راستاي ساخت مدل­هاي مفهومي اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي انجام نشده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي رشته هاي كشاورزي دانشگاه رازي از ديدگاه دانشجويان انجام شده است. روش‌شناسي پژوهش: رويكرد اين پژوهش، كمي بوده است. جامعه آماري شامل كليه دانشجويان (زن و مرد) رشته­هاي كشاورزي دانشگاه رازي (ترويج و آموزش كشاورزي، زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، گياهپزشكي، علوم دامي ، مهندسي آب، خاكشناسي، ماشين‌‌‌هاي كشاورزي و باغباني) بين مقاطع تحصيلي (كارشناسي، ارشد و دكترا) بود. تعداد دانشجويان رشته‌هاي كشاورزي دانشگاه رازي بالغ بر 1360 نفر بود كه از اين جامعه آماري، 302 دانشجو به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شده بودند. روش نمونه گيري طبقه­اي تصادفي بوده است. ابزار مورد استفاده در اين مطالعه شامل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي دانشگاه و پرسشنامه جمعيت شناختي بوده است. ابعاد اخلاق حرفه­اي از تحقيقات پيشين گردآوري شده است. ابعاد پنج گانه اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي شامل: بعد آموزش، بعد پژوهش، بعد منش، بعد روابط انساني و بعد سازماني مي باشد. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده­ها در اين پژوهش، از نرم افزار   .22 استفاده شده است.يافته‌ها: نتايج پژوهش نشان داد كه ميانگين كلي ابعاد اخلاق حرفه­اي پايين تر از حد متوسط است. نظر دانشجويان نسبت به ابعاد اخلاق حرفه­اي يكسان نبود و اختلاف معنا داري بيان نظر دانشجويان وجود داشت. ميانگين ابعاد آموزش و روابط انساني به صورت جداگانه پايين تر از حد متوسط بود اما ميانگين ابعاد پژوهش، منش و سازماني بالاتر از حد متوسط بود. مقاطع تحصيلي، جنسيت، سن، گرايش رشته تحصيلي و وضعيت اشتغال در نظر دانشجويان نسبت به ابعاد اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي تاثيرگذار بودند اما محل سكونت، نوع پذيرش در دانشگاه، ميزان تحصيلات پدر و ميزان تحصيلات مادر تاثيري در نظر دانشجويان نسبت به ابعاد اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي نداشتند. نتيجه‌گيري: هرچند وضعيت اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي در سه بعد پژوهش، منش و سازماني بالاتر از حد متوسط بود ولي هنوز فاصله زيادي (بخصوص در دو بعد آموزش و روابط انساني) با وضعيت مطلوب دارد. متغير هاي دموگرافيك تاثير بسزايي بر ديدگاه دانشجويان نسبت به اخلاق حرفه­اي اعضاي هيات علمي دارند.كليد واژه­ها: آموزش عالي، اخلاق حرفه­اي، اعضاي هيات علمي

  Abstract

   In the present study Investigating   measure the rural social welfare Mansour aghaei District of   Ravansar Township was Shahu section. the general approach of present study mixed (qualitative-Quantitative). The   statistic society of the study acolyte and management expert organizations in the field of social welfare and the District rurals formed Mansour aghaei. The qualitative, the purposive sampling method, 10 samples, and the Quantitative, simple random sampling, 189 rurals were selected as sample. In the qualitative information collected through Delphi technique and Quantitative was done through a questionnaire. In the qualitative method to evaluate the reliability and validity of the "triangle of Research Team" and "review experts" were used. Validity of the Quantitative by the faculty members promoting the education of Agriculture Razi University accredited and its reliability using Cronbachs alpha coefficient was confirmed. In the qualitative content analysis and quantitative analysis tools software was   16. The results showed that job satisfaction indices, cohesion and social participation and life satisfaction in first ranks set rural social welfare indices and indices of income and job security were the last ranks. The results of correlation analysis showed a significant positive relation between age, education and income with social welfare, which distributes each of these variables by increasing the amount of rural social welfare increases.  

  The study of students views about the hidden curriculum in agricultural fields of Razi University     Amirhosein Alibeigi1, Parvaneh Ahookhosh2       Hidden curriculum is the same experiences that students learn at the University and during the inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5pt; MARGIN: 0cm -0.3pt 0pt 0.35pt; unicode-bidi: embed; DIRECTION: ltr" >This qualitative research is done with case study method on agricultural students of Razi University. Data through individual semi - structured and deep interviews on the 25 students (sampling with maximum difference method) up to the time of data saturation was done and the content analysis method was used (using the software Maxquda 12). Among the total of 75 codes extracted from the results, 5 themes were extracted which each one contain numerous themes. Among these themes, factors such as taking routine in terms of teaching methods and content, cold and non-effective interactions between master and student, unfair evaluation, the lack of attention to the needs and expectations of students and then the negative views of students towards their ability and field of study can be named.   Reduced motivation and escape of educational environment, the lack of a useful and fruitful communication with the master, come down the academic performance of students, the lack of desire to participate in practical and entrepreneur activities, increased anxiety and stress, a sense of skepticism toward the continuing education, reduce self-esteem, hopele  ess and extreme negative in students, are the common perspectives towards the hidden curriculum.   One of the experiences acquired by the students can be notice to these cases: learning to fawn for raising confirmation sense of the masters, becoming the score as a criterion and increase the cheat to earn more score at any cost, to memorize the curriculum materials pasittacinely, disregard to the practical and left; LINE-HEIGHT: 107%; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; DIRECTION: ltr" align=left>      Keywords: Hidden Curriculum, Agriculture Higher Education, Social Interactions, Teaching Methods, Evaluation Methods.   

پيش بيني پذيرش نظام كشاورزي حفاظتي در اقليم كردستان عراق با استفاده از قضييه بيز:مطالعه موردي منطقه گرميان

ارزيابي عملكرد شركت هاي خدمات بيمه اي كشاورزي در استان كرمانشاه  

Abstract Social development of rural communities as a matter of social health in developing sustainable rural development, among other dimensions is very important, so this applied research to analyze the training needs of rural women related to Social Health Ghalaeshahin District, Sarpole-Zahab Township with descriptive- correlation method. The statistical population included rural women of Ghalaeshahin District, Sarpole-Zahab Township (N=187) that of 209 samples of rural women to two-stage cluster sampling technique appropriate assignment. Instruments measure social health and   training needs related to Social Health and Keyes social health questionnaire to assess promotion challenges of social health, educational resources in the field of social health training, social health awareness of and individual factors affecting social health the researcher-made questionnaire was used.   16 software using data collected was analyzed. By Expert Panel confirmed the validity and reliability, with Cronbachs alpha coefficient was calculated. The results showed that moderate social health rural women And awareness in the field of social health was moderate. Prioritization training needs in the field of social health for rural women indicated that the need to train more social participation and social cohesion in the less need for training. The results of the study also showed the personal factors affecting the social health, social health awareness, the watching television, the active recreation and the communication skills to have the highest impact on social health. In order to improving social health challenges through exploratory factor analysis was identified six factors that socio-individual challenges, cultural, individual, management-planning, management, and family socio-individual factors with 43/13 percent of the total variance, as the most important challenge was to improve social health.Keywords: training needs, social health, social participation, social adaptation, rural women.

   Agriculture teachers participate in various work and life roles, which can create challenges when trying to balance the pressures and responsibilities associated with each role. When one is unable to balance and prioritize between roles, both satisfaction and professional commitment may be reduced. The purpose of this study was to describe Tehran agriculture teachers’ job satisfaction, professional commitment, and perceived ability to balance work and life roles. Additionally, this study sought to describe the influence of ability to balance work and life roles, on job satisfaction, and professional commitment.   The study population consisted of agricultural teachers at Teahran Province (N=170) and samples were selected through stratified sampling technique (n=108). Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and commitment Minnesota Blau professional career commitment questionnaires were used for data collection. Based on the findings, ability to balance work, and job satisfaction of teachers was low and the professional commitment was high. Regression analysis revealed that work-life balance with individual variables, family and professional showed that the flexibility in the final hours and start work, take time off for family emergencies and events, bachelors wife, a role ambiguity, having a second job and have fewer children than the two on the balance between work and life impact. Correlation analysis of work-life balance and job satisfaction and professional commitment concluded that the work-life balance is a significant relationship with job satisfaction and professional commitment. In order to investigate the effect of the components work-life balance, job satisfaction and professional commitment of multiple regression were used. According to the results, it was found that the total components work-life balance, job satisfaction and be able to explain 38 percent of variation of 42 percent of changes in Tehrans commitment agricultural instructors were professional. Keywords  Work-life balance, job satisfaction, professional commitment, agricultural teachers  

    AbstractSignificant changes are taking place in the agricultural sector around the world. Farmers have to adapt to these changes will achieve profitability and revenue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of knowledge and attitude were conducted on the behavior of business management. The study of the purpose and the method is descriptive survey. The study population consisted of all farmers in the southern province of Kerman is working Saifi (75000 N =). The statistical sample according to the sample table Morgan (1970), 382 students who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Finally 363 questionnaires were Tkml (rate of return = 95/0). The research instrument was a questionnaire validity promoting the education of Agriculture, Razi University faculty member was obtained. The results showed that 2/83 percent of respondents had an average knowledge of their farm business management. Attitudes of Respondents also indicated that 1.85% of the population have a positive attitude towards managing their business. The behavior of workers in the field of business management as well as summer crops showed that there is a majority of respondents in a range from average (86%) are located. The results of the challenge are grouped in six categories: 1. Management - organizational, economic 2-, 3- Training - information, 4- individual factors, -5 and -6 natural factors were dir=rtl align=right>Key words: business management field, knowledge, attitude, behavior, conservatives summer, the southern province of Kerman    AbstractSignificant changes are taking place in the agricultural sector around the world. Farmers have to adapt to these changes will achieve profitability and revenue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of knowledge and attitude were conducted on the behavior of business management. The study of the purpose and the method is descriptive survey. The study population consisted of all farmers in the southern province of Kerman is working Saifi (75000 N =). The statistical sample according to the sample table Morgan (1970), 382 students who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Finally 363 questionnaires were Tkml (rate of return = 95/0). The research instrument was a questionnaire validity promoting the education of Agriculture, Razi University faculty member was obtained. The results showed that 2/83 percent of respondents had an average knowledge of their farm business management. Attitudes of Respondents also indicated that 1.85% of the population have a positive attitude towards managing their business. The behavior of workers in the field of business management as well as summer crops showed that there is a majority of respondents in a range from average (86%) are located. The results of the challenge are grouped in six categories: 1. Management - organizational, economic 2-, 3- Training - information, 4- individual factors, -5 and -6 natural factors were dir=rtl align=right>Key words: business management field, knowledge, attitude, behavior, conservatives summer, the southern province of Kerman  

  The purpose of this descriptive survey study was to measure agricultural paradigmatic preferences of agricultural faculty members in west of Iran. The statistical population consisted all faculty members of colleges of agriculture at public universisies (Razi, Bu-Ali Sina, Lorestan, Kordestan and Ilam) in west of Iran (N=288). According to the Krejcie & Morgan table, a sample size of 165 was selected using a stratified random sampling method. Based on finding, the sustainability score mean for faculty members was 71.13.   The range of sustainability score means for all respondents was 40 to 109 and agricultural paradigm type of faculty members were moderate. There was a significant difference between sustainability score means male and female faculty members and of faculty members graduated from within the country universities and those universities abroad. There was a negative and signi?cant relationship between sustainability score with age and job experiences. Analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference between sustainability score means of faculty members with different agricultural disciplines and significant difference between sustainability score means of faculty members in the different faculties of agriculture. Kruskal-Wallis test showed that significant differences between use of sustainable agriculture methods by faculty members with various agricultural paradigm. Use of sustainable agriculture methods level to more for faculty members with sustainable agricultural paradigm. The position of sustainable agriculture principles between values and beliefs of faculty members were assessed at the unfavorable level. Thus, it would be necessary to change from existing situation to desired situation.