Introduction and Objective:

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and fatal malignancies worldwide. The limitations of conventional therapies, including high toxicity and drug resistance, necessitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles have gained considerable attention due to their biocompatibility and favorable biological properties. This study aimed to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles using Urtica dioica extract and evaluate their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on A549 lung cancer cells.

Materials and Methods:

Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a green synthesis approach using hydroalcoholic nettle extract. Characterization was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, DLS, and zeta potential analysis. The biological effects on A549 cells were assessed using MTT assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay, and caspase-3 activity evaluation.

Results:

Characterization analyses confirmed the successful formation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles with predominantly spherical morphology. The nanoparticles exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, significantly reducing A549 cell viability. However, no significant change was observed in caspase-3 activity, while increased ROS generation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential indicated activation of apoptosis pathways. Morphological and nuclear alterations consistent with apoptosis were also observed.
Conclusion:

Green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using Urtica dioica extract effectively induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung cancer cells. These findings highlight their potential as promising candidates for the development of novel anticancer therapies.

Keywords:

Iron oxide nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Urtica dioica, Lung cancer, A549, Oxidative stress, Apoptosis

  

كارايي ضعيف توليد مثلي در گاوهاي شيري همچنان يك نگراني عمده براي صنعت دام شيري در سراسر جهان است. در چند دهه‌ي اخير، انتخاب ژنتيكي براي توليد شير با كاهش كارايي توليد مثلي همراه بوده است. تلاش‌هاي تحقيقي زيادي به منظور ابداع فناوري‌هايي جهت القاءِ تخمك‌گذاري همزمان براي تلقيح در زمان معين (TAI) در گاوهاي گوشتي و شيري انجام شده است. پروتكل Ovsynch، كه شامل دو تجويز هورمون آزادكننده­ي گنادوتروپين (GnRH) به فاصله­ي 9 روز، تجويز پروستاگلاندين F_2? (PGF_2?) هفت روز پس از GnRH اول، و انجام تلقيح 18-16 ساعت پس از تجويز GnRH دوم (GnRH2) است، برنامه­هاي توليد مثلي را مؤثرتر ساخته است. با اين حال، نرخ ضعيف تخمك­گذاري در پاسخ به GnRH2 ممكن است منجر به نرخ­هاي آبستني پايين شود. پژوهش­هاي زيادي جهت بهبود نرخ تخمك­گذاري با جايگزين كردن GnRH2 از جمله با گنادوتروپين كوريونيك انساني (hCG) كه مؤثرتر از GnRH در تحريك تخمك‌گذاري در گاوهاي شيري است انجام شده است. با اين حال گزارش شده است كه اين جايگزيني نرخ‌هاي تخمك‌گذاري و آبستني را افزايش نداد، بنابراين hCG يك جايگزين مناسب براي GnRH2 نيست. ما فرض كرديم كه درصد گاوهايي كه در پاسخ به GnRH2 تخمك­گذاري مي­كنند با تجويز همزمان hCG افزايش مي­يابد. بنابراين در مطالعه­ي حاضر اثر تجويز همزمان hCG و GnRH2 در مقايسه با تجويز جداگانه­ي هر يك از آنها بر عملكرد توليد مثلي گاوهاي هلشتاين شيرده مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. در اين مطالعه 62 رأس گاو بين زايش­هاي دوم و پنجم كه در روزهاي 5 ± 50 پس از زايش خود بودند به­طور تصادفي به سه گروه GPG (Ovsynch)، GPH (مانند گروه GPG ولي تجويز hCG به­جاي GnRH2) و GPG-H (مانند گروه GPG ولي تجويز hCG همزمان با GnRH2) تقسيم و 18-16 ساعت بعد از آخرين تزريق تلقيح (TAI) شدند. دام­ها در روزهاي 1- (TAI = D 0) و 7 جهت تعيين نرخ تخمك­گذاري و در روزهاي 30 و 55 جهت تعيين نرخ­هاي گيرايي و آبستني به روش سونوگرافي معاينه شدند. نمونه­هاي خون از وريد وداج دام­ها در روزهاي صفر و 12 جهت سنجش غلظت­هاي پروژسترون خون اخذ گرديد.

  ikooo, [22.04.25 10:31] Intestinal malignancy presents a worldwide health concern. 1 A significant hurdle in therapeutic intervention involves neoplastic resistance to pharmacological agents, a phenomenon often linked to imbalances within the redox regulatory framework. Zinc oxide nanostructures have demonstrated antineoplastic properties by perturbing this equilibrium. Biocompatible fabrication techniques have positioned ZnO    as a potentially advantageous strategy. The current investigation explores the influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles, generated via both conventional chemical routes and environmentally friendly biogenic pathways, on crucial markers of cellular oxidation and the antioxidant defense network in HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. These markers encompass malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). The central objective is to contrast the impact of these nanostructures on the fluctuations of these indicators and to elucidate the contribution of these alterations to the initiation of programmed cell death within HT-29 cells. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles were produced using a sustainable biogenic approach employing pomegranate fruit rind extract. The active phytochemical constituents of the plant-derived material were characterized through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The resulting nanostructures underwent comprehensive analysis utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential measurements, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). 2 The findings substantiated the formation of nanostructures exhibiting a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline arrangement, nanoscale dimensions, and both spherical and hexagonal shapes. 3 Biogenically fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles were evaluated in parallel with chemically synthesized counterparts on HT-29 cells. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay results indicated that the biogenic nanoparticles displayed more pronounced cytotoxic effects, with an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value of 80.28 ?g/mL. Quantification of oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant molecules revealed an elevation in MDA levels coupled with a reduction in SOD and GSH concentrations in the group treated with the biogenic nanoparticles. Acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) and 4?,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining assays corroborated the induction of apoptosis in malignant cells exposed to the biogenic nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized through an eco-friendly method utilizing pomegranate peel extract exhibit considerable promise in enhancing the treatment of colorectal cancer by disrupting the oxidant/antioxidant balance within cancerous cells

برنامه¬ي آوسينك، شامل دو تجويز هورمون آزادكننده¬ي گنادوتروپين (GnRH) به فاصله-ي 9 روز و تجويز پروستاگلاندين F2? (PGF2?) هفت روز بعد از تجويز GnRH نخست (GnRH1) و انجام تلقيح (TAI) 16-18 ساعت پس از تجويز GnRH2، برنامه¬هاي توليد مثلي را مؤثرتر ساخته است. با اين حال، عدم تخمك¬گذاري در پاسخ به GnRH1 ممكن است منجر به نرخ¬هاي آبستني پايين بخاطر تخمك¬گذاري غير همزمان پس از تجويز GnRH2 شود. پژوهش¬ها نشان داده¬اند كه گنادوتروپين كوريونيك انساني (hCG) مؤثرتر از GnRH در تحريك تخمك‌گذاري در گاوهاي شيري است. با اين حال گزارش شده است كه آغاز كردن پروتكل Ovsynch با hCG نرخ‌هاي تخمك‌گذاري و آبستني را در گاوهاي شيري شيرده افزايش نداد. بنابراين، hCG يك جايگزين مناسب براي GnRH1 نيست. ما فرض كرديم كه درصد گاوهايي كه در پاسخ به GnRH1 تخمك¬گذاري مي-كنند با تجويز همزمان hCG افزايش مي¬يابد. بنابراين در اين مطالعه اثر تجويز همزمان hCG و GnRH1 در مقايسه با تجويز جداگانه¬ي هر يك از آنها بر عملكرد توليد مثلي گاوهاي هلشتاين شيرده مورد بررسي قرار مي¬گيرد. در اين مطالعه 60 رأس گاو بين زايش¬هاي دوم و پنجم كه در روزهاي 3 ± 50 پس از زايش قرار دارند به¬طور تصادفي در گروه¬هاي Ovsynch، hCG (مانند گروه Ovsynch ولي تجويز hCG به¬جاي GnRH1) و GnRH1 + hCG تقسيم و 18-16 ساعت بعد از آخرين تزريق مورد تلقيح قرار گرفتند. گاوها در روزهاي 10-، 3-، 1-، صفر و 1 (TAI = day 0) جهت تعيين نرخ تخمك¬گذاري و در روزهاي 2 ± 30 جهت تعيين نرخ آبستني به روش سونوگرافي معاينه شدند. همچنين جهت سنجش غلظت¬هاي پروژسترون، از وريد وداج همه¬ي دام¬ها نمونه¬هاي خون در روزهاي 10-، 3-، 0، و 12 مطالعه اخذ گرديد. نتايج مطالعه‌ي حاضر نشان داد كه تجويز hCG همراه با GnRH نخست برنامه¬ي آوسينك در گاوهاي شيري شيرده موجب افزايش معني¬دار نرخ¬هاي تخمك¬گذاري اول و دوم، ميانگين قطر فوليكول غالب موج جديد فوليكولي در روز 1- و نرخ آبستني در گاوهاي شيري شيرده نمي¬شود. يكي از محدوديت¬هاي مطالعه¬ي حاضر، تعداد پايين دام¬ها در گروه¬هاي مورد مطالعه بود. بنابراين مطالعات بيشتري با استفاده از تعداد بزرگتري از گاوها مي¬تواند نتايج دقيق¬تري را فراهم نمايد.

لغات كليدي: آوسينك، تلقيح در زمان معين، گاو شيري، نرخ آبستني،   نرخ تخمك‌گذاري، هورمون گنادوتروپين كوريونيك انساني

  

  androlone is one of the most abused anabolic androgenic drugs that are abused. Studies show a connection between nandrolone and learning and memory. The effect of nandrolone on learning and memory is complicated and the results are different. Nandrolone can affect learning and memory using different pathways, including genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Non-genomic steroid function involves the rapid induction of conventional second messenger signal transduction cascades. This process can increase intracellular calcium and activate protein kinases and phosphatases. Calcineurin is an intracellular signaling element that modulates learning and memory and the activation of calcineurin depends on calcium concentration. It is reported that steroids modulate calcineurin activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify nandrolone mechanism on spatial and passive avoidance memory and the role of calcineurin. In this study, 40 adult rats were devided into 4 groups including: control, nandrolone (5 mg/kg), nandrolone (15 mg/kg) and nandrolone (20 mg/kg). After 4 weeks of nandrolone injections, learning and memory will be evaluated using morris water maze (MWM) and shuttle box. At the end of behavioral measurements, the hippocampus of the rats will be extracted to assess the protein expression and calcineurin activity in dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Data analysis will be done using   

Spermatogonial stem cells are reproductive stem cells that serve as the basis of spermatogenesis to maintain fertility. However, it is important to be able to preserve these cells for a long time and prevent possible damage during the freezing process. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the protective effects of selenium-containing medium on stem cell freezing. For this purpose; Goat testicle samples were prepared by referring to Bistun Slaughterhouse in Kermanshah. Then the samples were sent to the laboratory and the testicular parenchyma tissue was removed and the stem cells were isolated by mechanical and enzymatic method. Then the treatment was added to four control groups, selenium with a dose of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml along with the freezing solution was added to the cell fluid. Then they are incubated in DMEM medium containing 1% fetal calf serum for 72 hours at 38°C and after separating the suspended spermatogonial cells, the percentage of cell viability is evaluated. In order to freeze SSCs, the basic freezing medium with selenium dose of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml is used and the cells are kept at 4°C for 2 hours and then at -80°C for 24 hours and finally to The nitrogen tank was transferred. In order to measure different levels of antioxidants (including SOD, CAT, MDA, GPx and TAC), all the tested groups were tested and analyzed after thawing and finally the obtained data were statistically analyzed. The findings obtained in the present study indicated that the administration of selenium caused a significant increase in the percentage of survival after the freezing process (p<0.05). By examining antioxidant levels, it was found that selenium with its antioxidant properties affects all antioxidant indices and causes a decrease in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05), an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD). ), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p<0.05) and the best effectiveness was related to the dose of 1 mg/ml. Therefore, in order to protect and increase the quality of spermatogonial stem cells during the freezing process, the use of selenium can be beneficial and the use of selenium supplements is recommended.

  ermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are mature stem cells that have the ability to self-renew, differentiate and transfer genetics to the next generation. Due to the importance of these cells, recent medical and biological studies have focused on the process of their isolation, purification, diagnosis, cultivation and maintenance. For long-term preservation of cell stocks, freezing is the method of choice. Although freezing makes it possible to preserve cell reserves, it causes oxidative stress in cells.Curcumin is the effective substance of the yellow juba plant, which prevents the production of free radicals and damage to cells with its antioxidant properties. In order to preserve the reserves of spermatogonial cells, it is necessary to improve the freezing environment. The aim of the work is to investigate the effect of curcumin on the survival and quality of frozen testicular stem cells after thawing in order to improve the freezing environment in goats.

  

The use of ?-tocopherol in the freezing environment prevents lipoperoxidation and damage by ROS (reactive oxygen species). However, the effects of these antioxidants in goat sperm have not been studied. In order to prepare goat testicular spermatogonial stem cells, the testicles of immature goats slaughtered in Biston industrial slaughterhouse were used. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) were isolated from the testis. The percentage of life of spermatogonial stem cells before and after freezing was evaluated. The samples were divided into three control groups, treatment 1 (100 mM alpha-copherol plus basic medium) and treatment 2 (200 mM alpha-copherol plus basic medium). Catalase tests, superoxide dismutase (SOD) test, total antioxidant capacity index (TAC), glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation index (malondialdehyde test results) were measured. Using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's supplementary test (Duncan Test), the effects of different concentrations of alpha-copherol were investigated, and values of P<0.05 were considered as significant level. The results of our study showed that supplementing sperm with alpha-tocopherol does not have a toxic effect on the life of sperms, on the other hand, it increases the amount of antioxidants catalase (P<0.05), superoxide dismutase (P<0.05) and total antioxidant capacity (P> 0.05) compared to frozen sperm without alpha-tocopherol supplementation. However, the addition of alpha-tocopherol increases the oxidant of glutathione peroxidase compared to frozen sperm without the addition of alpha-tocopherol, although this relationship was not significant (P>0.05), but no increase was observed compared to malondialdehyde. Rather, it caused this oxidant significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05).   In general, adding alpha-tocopherol to the freezing medium optimizes goat sperm freezing. The use of this antioxidant can help preserve sperm physiology and fertilization capacity during cryopreservation and is an essential biotechnological tool for genetic

improvement and conservation of small ruminant species of interest.  

5-Fluorouracil is one of the most conventional chemotherapeutic drugs for patients with colon cancer over the past several years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant enzymes and TRPC6 gene expression in rat erythrocytes after administration of 5-fluorouracil in order to find a suitable method to reduce the harmful effects of this drug on blood factors. For this purpose, 24 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 210g were divided into four groups of Low, Medium, High and control doses. In the treatment groups with 5-FU drug respectively, 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, and in the control group, the same amount of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally once daily to each rat. Clinical signs were evaluated during the study. At the end of the 5-day period, all rats were weighed and blood samples were taken from the heart and then, serum and RBC were transferred to the laboratory for evaluation of hematologic parameters, oxidative stress indices and gene expression. Statistical analysis of data was performed using GraphPad Prism software version 9. The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test was used to evaluate the significant differences between the groups and the level of significance of differences (P<0.05) was considered. The results of this study showed that there is significant weight loss in both high and medium dose groups. Hematocrit and RBC levels were significantly reduced compared to the control group except for the low dose group. Leukocyte counts, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets showed a significant increase compared to the control group. Changes in hemoglobin level were meaningless, but in all treatment groups, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, Total Oxidative Status (TOS) and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) except for the oxidative index in medium dose group in serum, were significantly higher than the control group   and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) decreased significantly in all groups except the medium dose group in serum. The levels of Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in RBC in all treatment groups were significantly reduced. The amount of Nitric Oxide (NO) enzyme increased significantly in medium dose of serum sample and also significantly increase in both low and high doses in RBC sample. Also, in the study of TRPC6 gene expression, the expression of this gene significantly increased in high and medium doses of 5-FU. Therefore, it can be concluded that administration of 5-FU drug in the treatment of cancer can cause oxidative stress in red blood cells and this oxidative stress increases the expression of TRPC6 gene in the membrane of erythrocytes and then causes apoptosis in them. Thus, it is recommended that physicians and veterinarians to be carefull in prescribing it to patients with blood problems and anemia.