گسترش ساخت‌وسازهاي آپارتماني در شهركرمانشاه، در بسياري از موارد با شكل‌گيري نماهايي همراه بوده است كه فاقد انسجام بصري، تناسبات مقياسي و ارتباط منطقي ميان اجزاي تشكيل‌دهنده خود هستند. چنين نماهايي، كه اغلب تحت تأثير سليقه‌هاي فردي، الگوهاي تقليدي و رويكردهاي غيرزمينه‌گرا طراحي مي‌شوند، مي‌توانند به بروز آشفتگي بصري، كاهش خوانايي سيماي شهري و تضعيف هويت كالبدي و فرهنگي شهر منجر شوند. از آنجا كه نماي ساختمان‌هاي مسكوني به‌عنوان بخشي از فضاي عمومي شهر، نقش تعيين‌كننده‌اي در كيفيت منظر شهري و تجربه ادراكي شهروندان دارد، توجه به اصول و نظريه‌هاي ساختارمند در طراحي نما امري ضروري به نظر مي‌رسد. پايان نامه حاضر با تأكيد بر اصل سلسله‌مراتب مقياس‌بندي به‌عنوان يكي از پانزده خصلت ساختارهاي زنده در نظريه‌ي كريستوفر الكساندر، در پي پاسخ به اين پرسش است كه چگونه مي‌توان با به‌كارگيري اين اصل، به طراحي نمايي انتظام‌يافته، خوشايند و متناسب با زمينه‌ي بومي در آپارتمان‌هاي مسكوني شهر كرمانشاه دست يافت. اصل سلسله‌مراتب مقياس، به ايجاد ارتباط معنادار ميان مقياس‌هاي مختلف از كلان تا خرد منجر شده و نقش مهمي در شكل‌گيري انسجام و خوانايي بصري بنا ايفا مي‌كند. اين پايان­نامه از نوع كاربردي بوده و با راهبرد همبستگي انجام مي‌شود. گردآوري داده‌ها از طريق مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي، تحليل نظري ديدگاه‌هاي كريستوفر الكساندر و نيكوس آ. سالينگروس، و بررسي تاثير سلسله مراتب مقياس بر مطلوبيت نما صورت مي‌گيرد. اين   پايان­نامه از نظر هدف، كاربردي و از نظر روش، با راهبرد همبستگي انجام شده است. گردآوري داده‌ها در دو بخش نظري و عملي صورت گرفته است. در بخش نظري، با استفاده از مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي، مفاهيم مرتبط با كيفيت بصري نما، مقياس انساني، اصل سلسله‌مراتب مقياس‌بندي، نظريه ساختارهاي زنده كريستوفر الكساندر و نظريه نظم ساختاري نيكوس سالينگروس مورد بررسي و تحليل قرار گرفته است. در بخش عملي، به‌ منظور بررسي تأثير رعايت اصل سلسله‌مراتب مقياس بر مطلوبيت بصري نما، سلسله مراتب مقياس   به‌عنوان متغير مستقل، مطلوبيت   به‌عنوان متغير وابسته، و ويژگي‌هاي فردي كاربران به‌عنوان متغيرهاي مداخله‌گر در نظر گرفته شده‌اند.در همين راستا سه نماي شبيه‌سازي‌شده از يك آپارتمان مسكوني با ارتفاع متوسط طراحي شد كه در آن‌ها ميزان استفاده از سلسله‌مراتب مقياس در اجزاي مختلف نما، از جمله بازشوها، پنجره‌ها، بالكن‌ها، تناسبات كلي و جزئيات معماري، متفاوت بود. جامعه آماري پژوهش پايان نامه شامل شهروندان غيرمتخصص در حوزه معماري و ساخت‌وساز و ساكن محله گلستان شهر كرمانشاه است. نمونه‌گيري به روش در دسترس انجام شد. ابزار گردآوري داده‌ها پرسشنامه‌اي تصويري بود كه در آن پاسخ‌دهندگان پس از ثبت اطلاعات جمعيت‌شناختي، تصاوير نماهاي شبيه‌سازي‌شده را به‌صورت تصادفي مشاهده كردند. سپس از آنان خواسته شد نماها را بر اساس ميزان مطلوبيت بصري اولويت‌بندي كنند؛ به‌گونه‌اي كه نماي داراي بيشترين مطلوبيت در اولويت اول، نماي با مطلوبيت متوسط در اولويت دوم و نماي با كمترين مطلوبيت در اولويت سوم قرار گيرد. علاوه بر اين، پاسخ‌دهندگان دلايل انتخاب نماي مطلوب‌تر را بيان كردند تا عوامل مؤثر بر ترجيحات بصري آنان به‌صورت كيفي تحليل شود. هدف نهايي پايان نامه، ارائه الگويي براي طراحي نماي آپارتمان مسكوني در شهر كرمانشاه است كه با رعايت سلسله‌مراتب مقياس در مقياس‌هاي كلان، مياني و خرد، موجب ارتقاي انسجام، خوانايي، كيفيت بصري و مطلوبيت ادراكي نما شود. در اين چارچوب، قاعده مقياس‌بندي مطرح‌شده توسط سالينگروس ـ كه در بسط و تأييد خصلت‌هاي بنيادين نظريه ساختارهاي زنده كريستوفر الكساندر ارائه شده است ـ به‌عنوان مبناي نظري طراحي نما به‌كار گرفته شده و تلاش شده است تا اين اصل به‌صورت عيني و كاربردي در فرآيند طراحي نهايي نما تحقق يابد.

   Abstract The rapid growth of the elderly population worldwide has reached such proportions that it is often referred to as a “silent revolution.” Architectural and urban spaces play a crucial role in enhancing the individual and social quality of life for older adults. Therefore, special attention must be given to the needs of vulnerable groups who possess full citizenship rights. Throughout life, human beings constantly seek interaction with their surrounding environment. The scope of this interaction extends across three spatial domains: the public (street), the semi-public or intermediary, and the private (home). Today, the intermediary realm—serving as a spatial link between the inside and the outside—has become ambiguous and largely neglected. Yet, this relationship between interior and exterior spaces is particularly significant for older adults who spend most of their daily lives at home. Due to the physical, psychological, and social changes experienced with age, this group requires spatial conditions that enable them to maintain independence while establishing a meaningful connection with the outside world. Such interaction not only affects their functional aspects of daily life but also plays a key role in improving their mental health and sense of belonging to their living environment. The aim of this research is to identify and formulate the physical indicators influencing the design of residential apartments in order to strengthen the desirable relationship between interior and exterior spaces from the perspective of the elderly. In line with this objective, the study seeks to answer the central question: “How can residential apartment design enhance the relationship between interior and exterior spaces from the viewpoint of older adults?” The research employs a qualitative approach based on inductive qualitative content analysis. The target group includes elderly women aged 65 to 75 living in residential apartments in Kermanshah. Data were collected through direct observation and in-depth semi-structured interviews, followed by open coding, thematic categorization, and organization of findings across three spatial scales: macro, meso, and micro. This approach enabled the researcher to gain an in-depth understanding of elderly women’s lived experiences and spatial needs and to extract meaningful patterns related to the interior–exterior relationship. The results indicate that establishing a desirable relationship between the interior and exterior spaces of the home for older women has physical, perceptual, and emotional dimensions. This group, who spend a large part of their time alone at home, seeks to connect with the outside environment to fill the daily void and experience the flow of life. Presence in frequently used indoor spaces, such as the kitchen, adjacency to active streets, quality of open views to natural and urban landscapes, the ability to observe and hear the flow of life, and access to semi-open spaces, makes this experience tangible and enjoyable. At the same time, maintaining privacy and control over visibility ensures their security and tranquility. Data analysis across macro, meso, and micro scales revealed that hierarchical continuity in design is a fundamental condition for establishing an effective connection between interior and exterior spaces. Therefore, the design of residential apartments should be planned from the macro to the micro scale to enable older women to have a safe and meaningful experience of interaction with the external environment.       Keywords: residential apartment, elderly, desirability, house, inside and outside, edge.   

The growing energy consumption in buildings is one of the major challenges to sustainable development, especially in countries such as Iran with diverse climates and high dependence on fossil fuels. Employing passive solar strategies such as the solar chimney, together with innovative technologies like thermochromic and electrochromic coatings, can play a significant role in reducing heating loads and improving thermal comfort. This study aims to investigate the performance of a hybrid system consisting of a solar chimney integrated with these smart coatings and to compare their effects during January 2022. The research was conducted in two cold Iranian climates: Tehran and Ardabil. The designed system comprised a vertical solar chimney with glazed façade, internal absorber surface, and inlet/outlet vents, simulated in DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus software. Input data included climatic datasets (EPW), building material properties, optical and thermal characteristics of the coatings, and window-to-wall ratios of 30% and 70%. Simulations were carried out for three consecutive days (10–12 January 2022) within the time interval of 09:00–15:00. Five main scenarios were defined: (1) a base model without solar chimney or smart coatings in a test room of 3 × 2.7 × 2.7 m³; (2) addition of a solar chimney with single glazing at 30% and 70% WWR; (3) replacement of single glazing with double glazing at 70% WWR; (4) application of thermochromic coating on the chimney glazing in Scenario 3; and (5) application of electrochromic coating on the glazing in Scenario 3. Results showed that thermochromic coating increased average indoor air temperature by 4.41 °C in Tehran and 6.06 °C in Ardabil, reduced daily heating demand by 22.5% and 24.9%, and improved thermal comfort indices. Overall, findings highlight the efficiency of integrating solar chimneys with smart coatings in cold Iranian climates, providing a basis for future research on combining these technologies with other building energy management systems.   

With the growth of urbanization and the increasing demand for cooling in high-rise buildings, energy consumption associated with cooling systems has become one of the major challenges in the building sector. Studies indicate that the use of mechanical cooling equipment accounts for a significant share of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, a trend expected to accelerate by 2050. Therefore, adopting innovative strategies to reduce cooling loads—particularly the integration of passive cooling systems—appears to be a sustainable and cost-effective approach. Numerous studies have investigated passive cooling systems, including the enhancement of traditional systems and their integration with phase change materials (PCMs). In recent decades, PCMs have been recognized as one of the effective elements in building cooling. Beyond their direct application in architectural and structural components (such as walls), PCMs have demonstrated remarkable performance when combined with passive cooling systems. In this thesis, with a focus on residential and non-residential high-rise buildings, a passive cooling–based approach was designed and presented, aiming to reduce energy consumption while maintaining indoor thermal comfort. However, challenges such as excessive weight, occupation of usable building space, and the possibility of independent cooling for individual spaces are also critical, yet often overlooked in previous studies. Based on the literature review, the following research questions were formulated: 1.   How can the integration of passive cooling systems with phase change materials and forced airflow ensure thermal comfort for occupants in high-rise buildings? 2.   To what extent does the proposed system contribute to reducing cooling load and maintaining indoor comfort conditions? The research method was experimental, relying on field testing. In the first stage, following a review of previous studies and identification of knowledge gaps, a passive cooling system was designed and constructed with the objectives of reducing energy use, weight, and space occupation compared to conventional systems, while enabling independent thermal comfort control in each space. The experimental tests were conducted at the Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Razi University, Kermanshah. A controlled office room was considered as the outdoor environment, and a test chamber was built as the indoor space. The cooling system prototype, measuring 55 × 21.80 × 95 cm and weighing 19.45 kg (lighter than comparable systems), was installed inside the test chamber (122 × 106 × 170 cm). To evaluate the system’s performance, three experimental scenarios were tested on consecutive days. The first scenario (07/04/1404) employed an organic Bio-PCM with a melting point of 22–23 °C. The second and third scenarios (08/04/1404 and 09/04/1404) used mixtures of 60% organic Bio-PCM + 40% coconut oil (melting point 20–21 °C), and pure liquid paraffin (melting point 20 °C), respectively. The PCMs were embedded in 15 copper tubes, each 50 cm long. Data were recorded at one-hour intervals between 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. using a hot-wire anemometer, a dual-channel data logger, and temperature-humidity sensors.

  This thesis, titled Designing a Green School in Kermanshah City with a Sustainable Ecological Self-Sufficiency Approach and Reducing Carbon Emissions, examines solutions for designing educational spaces with an emphasis on the connection between humans, culture, and the environment. The necessity of conducting this research stems from the increasing need to reduce energy consumption, optimize environmental behaviors, and promote cultural awareness among the new generation. Schools, as one of the most important educational and social spaces, play a fundamental role in shaping environmental attitudes and can become a platform for scientific education of the concepts of sustainability and environmental responsibility. The main goal of this thesis is to present a local model for designing a sustainable school in the Kermanshah region that, while reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, also leads to improving students' cultural and environmental awareness.The design was carried out in two parts: physical and social. In the physical part, the focus was on the use of passive technologies, especially the Trombe wall enhanced with layers of phase-change materials and new materials such as concrete and recycled aluminum. In the social part, relying on the concept of cultural ecology, an attempt was made to design the spaces in a way that would strengthen the students’ sense of belonging, responsibility and environmental awareness. A review of the background of studies shows that sustainability approaches in school design often focus on technical and energy aspects, and the connection between culture, behavior and architecture has received less attention. However, new research shows that combining cultural considerations with energy-saving solutions can have a significant impact on thermal sustainability, quality of life and environmental behaviors.Accordingly, this thesis seeks to answer the question of whether it is possible to achieve an efficient model for self-sufficient schools in terms of energy and environmental culture by combining the principles of cultural ecology and design based on reducing dependence on fossil fuels

  In urban environments, people's initial encounter with a building is through its facade. Given the importance of the relationship between nature and human life, as well as the spread of apartment living in cities and the problems related to the lack or absence of green space in these houses, the gap in using nature and greenery in apartment houses and this part of architecture is palpable. The facade is not simply the outer shell or wall of the building, but rather an interstitial space that defines the connection between the inside and outside of the building and has a great impact on the formation of people's relationships with existing buildings in the city. Greenery in the facade is a living element that, if mixed with architecture, can affect people's perception of their surroundings as a biophilic feature. The feeling that a person has in the initial encounter with a residential apartment, in the identity of the building as a home and distinguishes the house from other uses, is a topic that has been addressed in this thesis; Therefore, this thesis sought to answer the question of how greenery in the facade affects the audience's perception of the building as a residential building (house). The main goal of this thesis is to design a residential apartment in Kermanshah city with an emphasis on the types of greenery in the facade on the audience's feeling of facing the house. One of the secondary goals of this thesis was to pay attention to nature and greenery, as a living element, in the facade of the house and the audience's understanding of one building being a house and the other being a place and how this greenery is placed on the facade and its effect on the encounter with the house in individuals. In this thesis, the necessity of this issue is raised and addressed, and it is addressed that nature enters the living space of individuals through the residential facade and improves the quality of life of the residents of apartment buildings and citizens, and also the effect of the presence of greenery in the residential facade as the initial encounter of individuals with a residential building on the audience's feeling of facing the house is examined. Most previous research in the field of green facades has addressed the issue of energy and its effects on the environment. In this thesis, an attempt has been made to consider the issue of green facades with a focus on greenery and its impact on human perception in residential and urban environments and to examine people's feelings in the feeling of facing the house. The research strategy in this thesis is relational correlation; in the correlation strategy, the relationship between two variables, namely greenery in the facade as an independent variable and the feeling of facing the house as a dependent variable, has been examined using interview tools and a visual questionnaire. The results obtained from the data analysis, which was carried out with    software, indicate the existence of a significant relationship between greenery in the facade and the feeling of facing the house in people. In response to the research questions, the results show that a high level of greenery in the facade creates a greater sense of home in people. Also, the best way to use greenery on the facade, according to the audience in residential apartments, was horizontal greenery (greenery on terraces, window sills, etc.), greenery in the yard and entrance to the house, vertical greenery (the body and walls of the building), and greenery on the roof edge, in order of priority.

Abstract Speech signal processing, as one of the key domains in artificial intelligence and data science, has gained significant importance in today's world. This field plays a crucial role in enhancing human-computer interaction. One of the most challenging and fascinating applications in this domain is speech emotion recognition (SER), which finds applications in psychology, customer service, mental health diagnosis, and even information security. Emotions are intense and specific mental activities that can often be expressed through various behaviors, with speech being one of the most prominent. A speech emotion recognition system works by first receiving a person's voice as input and then determining the emotional state present in the speech, such as anger, fear, happiness, neutrality, etc. In this study, an innovative system based on deep learning methods is proposed, leveraging important and diverse speech signal features such as Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), Mel spectrograms, zero-crossing rate (ZCR), and others. The system utilizes a dual parallel pipeline for emotion recognition. The first pipeline analyzes the temporal sequence of the speech signal features and sends them to a Bi-LSTM network to model temporal dependencies within the data. The second pipeline performs statistical computations on the extracted features, creating a one-dimensional feature vector, which is then fed into a multilayer perceptron (MLP) model. Finally, the outputs of both pipelines are combined and used for emotion recognition in the speech signal. For evaluation, leave-one-speaker-out (LOSO) cross-validation is employed, and two metrics, WAR and UAR, are used. The results on the EmoDB dataset achieved 83.44% WAR and 80.79% UAR, while on the SAVEE dataset, the results were 58.75% WAR and 54.64% UAR. The findings demonstrate that combining temporal and statistical information from speech signals yields higher accuracy compared to single-method approaches. These results highlight the high potential of this method for practical applications.   

Abstract    This thesis examines the performance of double-skin façade systems equipped with phase change materials (PCM) and thermal absorbers in enhancing natural ventilation and reducing internal temperature fluctuations. The primary objective of this research is to analyze the impact of using PCM and thermal absorbers on increasing the thermal efficiency of the system, improving the chimney effect, and optimizing the internal temperature of the building.    To this end, three experimental scenarios were designed and executed over consecutive days: - Day One: Double-skin façade system without PCM and thermal absorber. - Day Two: System equipped with PCM. - Day Three: System equipped with PCM and thermal absorber.    The data collected on airflow, airspeed, the temperatures of the upper and lower vents, and internal temperature indicated that the use of PCM and thermal absorbers had a significant impact on improving the system's performance. The airflow and airspeed on Day Three reached their optimum levels, with the temperature difference between the upper and lower vents reaching its highest point, indicating an increase in the chimney effect and natural ventilation. Additionally, internal temperature fluctuations were minimized, resulting in a more stable internal temperature.    Analysis of the numerical values showed that on Day Two, airflow and airspeed increased by 25% and 20%, respectively, compared to Day One, and on Day Three, these values further increased by 15% and 10% compared to Day Two. Furthermore, the temperatures of the upper and lower vents on Day Two increased by 30% and 25%, respectively, compared to Day One, and on Day Three, these values were further elevated by 12% and 10%.    The results of this research indicate that the combination of phase change materials and thermal absorbers can be an effective solution for enhancing the performance of double-skin façade systems and reducing energy consumption. It is recommended that this technology be utilized in future designs across various climates, and intelligent control systems be implemented to optimize performance.    Keywords: double-skin façade, phase change materials (PCM), thermal absorber, natural ventilation, chimney effect, internal temperature optimization.   

   In the characterization of C7+ fractions with wide boiling ranges, measuring distributed properties such as molecular weight (MW), specific gravity (SG), and true boiling point (Tb) can be time-consuming and expensive. This thesis aims to analyze oil data using Solver in Excel and neural network in Matlab to improve the accuracy of oil properties prediction. The data consists of 68 oil samples. The data were divided into two groups: black oil and condensate gas. the Solver tool in Excel to determine the parameters A, B, and P0 for each property P such as SG, MW and Tb in Riazi distribution model Solver program was also used to analyze the data and find the average percentage of the average absolute deviation (AAD%) for both black oil and condensate gas and for each property of SG, MW and Tb. The neural network was then trained using the bulk inputs of MW and SG, along with XC values ranging from0.1 to0.99. By fine-tuning the neural network, the distributed properties of SG, MW, and Tb could be predicted with high accuracy. The study aimed to reduce the complexity and cost associated with measuring distributed properties by utilizing computational tools like Solver and neural networks. So, it was possible to predict the distributed properties of heptane plus fractions with minimal empirical data. The results showed that the neural network model achieved a mean square error ·   (MSE) of (0.0258) for the gas condensate ·   (MSE) of (0.0976) for the black oils. This indicates a high level of accuracy in predicting the distributed properties of SG, MW, and Tb based on the bulk properties. In addition, a second neural network was used to verify the accuracy of the prediction made by the first network with inputs MWb,SGb,XC and outputs (Predicted outputs in the first network) and the mean square error was calculated for both condensate gas and black oil.    ·   (MSE) of (0.003746) for the gas condensate ·   (MSE) of (0.009242) for the black oils. Overall, the utilization of neural networks for the characterization of heptane plus fractions represents a promising approach to streamline the characterization process and reduce time and cost. By leveraging computational tools and machine learning techniques, researchers can enhance the efficiency and accuracy of characterizing complex hydrocarbon fractions.

Theenergy-related crises in the global community have gained attention in recentyears, and over these years, numerous studies in various scientific fields haveproposed solutions to address these crises. The building sector, alongside theindustry and tra  ortation sectors, is among the largest energy consumers,particularly of fossil fuels and electricity. After residential spaces, schoolsare the second environment where people spend a significant portion of theirlives. This thesis aims to examine the energy consumption of a six-classroomschool in the city of Kermanshah, using an active solar system. The researchmethod employed in this thesis is descriptive-analytical, and for this purpose,computer modeling tools have been utilized.In the first step, the currentenergy consumption status, physical facilities, and energy needs of the schoolwere assessed. The school building is designed as a two-story structure, withthe physical program and activity schedule considered based on standards. Bysimulating the energy structure of the school, the annual energy consumption,including heating, cooling, and electricity needs of the building, wascalculated. In the next step, five changes were applied to the buildingenvelope, and the energy demand variations in response to each parameter changecompared to the initial state were simulated and analyzed.In the final step,the impact of adding an active solar system on the building's energyconsumption was calculated. The final simulation results showed that the optimaluse of insulation in walls and roofs, the optimal type of window glazing, thedimensions of shading devices, and the reduction of the window-to-wall arearatio significantly reduced the building's annual energy consumption whencompared to the initial simulation state using all optimization tools.Thecomparison between the initial and final simulation results highlighted thatoptimization had the greatest impact on the building's heating demand. On theother hand, the use of these optimization tools slightly increased thebuilding's cooling demand, primarily due to changes in the thermal propertiesof the building envelope. Additionally, the optimization tools led to anincrease in the net annual electricity demand, mainly due to the reliance on electricityfor meeting the building's cooling needs. The active solar system contributedto approximately 22.79% of the annual electricity demand, but the system doesnot achieve a return on investment over a ten-year period.

   The importance and increasing energy crisis in the current world is increasing, so various methods have been used to reduce and optimize energy consumption. In the meantime, the importance of the construction industry, especially office buildings, in energy consumption is very significant and also has the largest share in the production of greenhouse gases. This indicates how important research is in the field of optimal building design and saving or reducing energy consumption during operation. So far, many methods and solutions have been presented to reduce and optimize energy consumption through the principled design of buildings. The flexibility and versatility of the interior spaces of buildings are among the solutions that have not been sufficiently considered while being effective. Office buildings are among the buildings that have a variable number of users at different times and according to the change in conditions at different times, and therefore the number of people using them cannot be considered a specific number when designing these buildings. The flexible design of the interior spaces of office buildings can be effective in responding to the change in the number of people at any given time. But the important issue in using this solution is that a number or parts of interior spaces are not used at different times and at the same time these spaces benefit from installation systems along with other spaces. However, such spaces can be separated from other spaces by movable internal walls and removed from the cycle of using installation systems, and as a result, less energy can be used to meet the heating and cooling needs of controlled spaces.This research has been formed with library methods and the use of simulator software with the aim of discussing the effect of flexibility of interior spaces of office buildings on energy consumption optimization and discusses this issue through the necessary simulations with the relevant software.

The dynamic characteristics of structures depend on many of its details and the properties of materials. It is not possible to consider all conditions for computational models, and mostly software and design code,s use simplifying assumptions that may make the results far from reality. One of the structures used throughout the country is corrugated masonry structures, which unfortunately design regulations such as the 2800 standard did not pay much attention to these structures and only provided calculations with prescriptive methods. One of the things that plays a key and primary role in the design and calculations of the structure is the determination of the periodicity of the structure, which in the existing regulations and standards of the country is only in code 376, which is dedicated to the seismic retrofit of these structures. That this equation is significantly different from the results obtained from this research regarding the periodicity of the studied structure.    In the current research, which is dedicated to the construction of a forced vibration device and conducting physical tests on a part of Razi University Faculty of Engineering, we have determined the time of the main periodicities of the structure in the north-south and east-west direction, we have also used Ambient vibration testing. For this purpose, we first made a small sample of the vibration device based on the initial assumptions, and after observing the performance of the device, we proceeded to make the main sample of the device. The results show that the results of these two tests are in good agreement with each other The main device made includes a three-phase electric motor with a power of 1.5 horsepower, which is capable of controlling the speed of the device by a single-phase to three-phase converter connected to it. We used grade 8 roll bolts to install the device on the ground, and we used epoxy resin for proper connection and adhesion of the device to the ground through the bolts. We have compared the obtained results with the relations of the    regulations, and a significant difference has been observed. The accelerometers used are MEMS accelerometer and PDER data logger.   

  Architecture is a process of planning, designing and building. Considering that the roots of these constructions originate from human thoughts and human thoughts are influenced by culture and customs, it can be said that architecture is a symbol of its culture. is the area. The architecture of any society can represent and show the identity of the ruler of that society. With the emergence of modernists and relying on technology, in many cases, they fought against traditional and native architectures, and as a result, it caused a lack of identity in architecture. Now in Iran, the identity crisis is one of the controversial issues, especially in the housing sector and facades. It is a city. According to the conducted studies and the existence of identity crisis problems at the level of residential facades, returning to authentic Iranian architecture can be one of the appropriate solutions to solve this problem. Since dealing with the architectural structure and urban development of contemporary facades in order to reread the identity, it requires a critical thinking on the concepts and components that influence the formation of architectural elements and the characteristics of urban facades, by knowing the influential and structural concepts, it is possible to revive It provided visual identity in the form of architectural landscape of contemporary facades. Considering the emergence of this identityle  ess in Iran, now the main goal in this thesis is to investigate the residential house during the Safavid period and find the components of the identity of the part in the Safavid architecture, especially in the facade part, and use the mentioned components in the form of The design of a residential complex in Kermanshah city and Set street. The research method of this thesis is descriptive-analytical by means of library and field study.

Razi University is located in the vicinity of mostly low-income neighborhoods such as Bagh Abrisham and Taq Bostan. These neighborhoods do not have enough cultural, scientific, and sports facilities, while the university has the necessary facilities to meet these needs. Also, there are experienced, active and elite people among the local people who can be beneficial for the neighborhood and the university. But currently, despite the fencing and control, the possibility of non-students attending the university and mutually benefiting from each other is low, and it has caused the separation of these two strata and the feeling of rejection of the neighborhood people and the university's indifference to the problems of their neighbors. In this thesis, firstly, by studying books and articles in the library, the definitions of first- to fifth-generation universities, examples of successful cases, neighborhood, social interaction, spatial separation, social exclusion and interspace will be determined, then by analyzing the successful examples, the strengths and methods will be determined. It will be used in the space designer. In the field method, by visiting the site, observing and collecting information about the environment, as well as checking the maps, a detailed understanding of the site and the characteristics and needs of the space will be obtained, and the needs will be assessed by interviewing local people and experts, and the interview will be analyzed using the AHP method. The design will be paid. It will be tried To respond to the cultural, scientific, and sports needs of the neighborhood as much as possible, to identify elite and active people, to create jobs for the neighborhood people and students by creating local jobs, and to increase the communication between students and local people, which increases the sense of belonging. People go to the university and students to the neighborhood and create a constructive interaction between them.   

One of the most important and problematic challenges that the world is facing is the energy crisis. This issue has been around since two centuries ago, due to the society's adequate understanding of technology, industry and how to use it. The removal of energy has caused both negative and positive consequences, among which the most important one is the warming of the earth and the gradual depletion of energy resources. Researchers have come to this issue in construction that the biggest waste of energy is from buildings and especially its shell, considering that the construction process is increasing in Iran and the issue of energy waste is also in this issue. It has been less considered, therefore, this thesis has been written with the aim of designing Kermanshah Handicrafts Exhibition using a smart shell with climate adaptability, as well as reducing energy consumption and providing suitable environmental conditions, for this purpose, in this The thesis examines the stability of the shell and its place in the stability and intelligentization of the shell and its thermal behavior. The research method used in this thesis is modeling and simulation using design builder and engine software. Energy Plus has been done. The collected data of this thesis have been examined in the form of three categories of climatic, geometric and material data, a building was modeled as an example and the difference between using the shell and not using it was investigated. Finally, the information obtained from the software was compared with two other provinces that were modeled in the same way and placed in the software. Utilization of heating and cooling energy, the examination of these diagrams shows that the use of smart skin in the building leads to a reduction in energy consumption, so that the amount of heating is high and the amount of cooling is reduced, for example, in Kermanshah province, the amount of heating From 232.51 kW to 1525.37 kW, which includes a high amount of heating, one of the innovative features of this thesis is to examine the thermal performance of the building with two other provinces that have not been investigated so far.  

  Global awareness of climate change and global warming, which with the rapid growth of the economy and population, has significantly increased the energy and resources needed by humans in the past few years, and the negative consequences of the emission of greenhouse gases and the subsequent greenhouse effect. It is widely accepted. The building sector is one of the largest producers of carbon dioxide pollutants in the world, so it can play an important role in achieving the goals of reducing pollutants. Therefore, the necessity of research on the climate empowerment category seeks to design an ideal residential complex that, in addition to To reduce the consumption of fossil energy and the production of carbon dioxide, to provide a favorable environment for the life of the people of that complex. This thesis aims to identify policies and strategies of sustainable development in order to improve building energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. Based on such a goal, the research method of this dissertation is quantitative and a combined strategy that includes descriptive-analytical and simulation is used. In line with the final goal, in the theoretical part, firstly, to review, analyze, recognize and collect information related to sustainable development, sustainable architecture. Static and dynamic solutions have been discussed and after evaluating the examples of the world based on the criteria extracted from the theoretical part of the research as well as knowing the design platform, finally presenting and applying the proposed solutions including insulation (thermal insulation and double-glazed windows), Trombe wall design, canopy And the use of solar cells to design a low-carbon residential complex has been discussed. In short, the results of this research can be expressed as follows: the implementation of the aforementioned solutions, which are all based on sustainable development policies, has been able to reduce energy consumption in the heating sector by 50% and in the cooling sector by 86%. Also, the use of cell Photovoltaic systems have been able to provide approximately 63% of the building's energy needs. The use of these solutions in the designed building will reduce the production of carbon dioxide consumed. So that this amount of production has been negative for 9 months, the total amount of carbon dioxide production during the year is -16,160.13 kg. That is, throughout the year, the building will reduce carbon dioxide.

Today, buildings consume 40% of the world's energy, which will increase with population growth in the future. Due to the technological development in recent decades, various and efficient tools have been invented to simulate the thermal behavior, energy consumption in relation to the heating and cooling load and to check the lighting of buildings in the planning and design stages. The use of these tools includes shortcomings such as: the presence of too many parameters and inputs as software regulator inputs; The time-consuming nature of each simulation is due to the extensive basic physics calculations and the effectiveness of the user experience on the accuracy of the output. The aim of this thesis is to present a new method to evaluate and compare the effect of different shades on the illumination of the interior spaces of buildings using the pix2pix model from the subsets of the adversarial generative network algorithm. The research method in this simulation-analytical proposal was through the use of image input information as a dataset and the production of corresponding output information indicating the lighting conditions of the interior of the building in different scenarios. The dataset used in this thesis was generated through data simulated by Rhino, Grass Hopper, Ladybug Tools and TT Toolbox software, and Python language was used for dataset preprocessing, model development and evaluation. The efficiency of the proposed method in relation to the reduction of simulation time, the accuracy of the simulations carried out using the trained model and the reduction of the regulator inputs of the proposed tool were investigated in comparison with the existing methods, including the simulation method by basic physics software such as Radiance. The results stated that in the evaluation of the speed of the model, 281.94 times increase in speed compared to the radiance has been achieved. Radiance is obtained. The result of this thesis was to create a developed and trained model to predict the effect of different shades on the amount of daylight. The obtained model is the innovation of this thesis, which can use higher speed, acceptable accuracy, and fewer parameters in daylight forecasting than basic physics software.   

  امروزه پلي اتيلن يكي ازپرمصرف ترين پلاستيك ها در جهان مي باشد.مقاومت شيميايي بـالا، خـواص مكـانيكي مناسـب، خـواص الكتريكي و عايق بودن، قيمت مناسب، تنوع و فرايند پذيري آسان پلي اتيلن را درزمره پلاستيك هاي پرمصرف قرار داده است. با اين وجود دماي سرويس دهي پايين، مقاومت كم در مقابل شعله و نفوذ پذيري زياد در مقابل گازها كاربردهاي اين مـاده را در برخي از محصولات صنعتي محدود كرده است. يكي از راه هاي غلبه بر چنين نقائصي استفاده از پركننده هاي ويـژه و همچنـين شبكه اي كردن مي باشد. شبكه اي كردن پلي اتيلن را به ماده اي گرماسخت تبديل ميكند كه علاوه بردارا بودن دماي سرويس دهي بالاتر، استحكام ضربه بالاتر، بازدهي حرارتي بهتر و مقاومت شيميايي بالاتري دارد. روش هاي شبكه اي پلي اتـيلن.در ميـان روش هاي مختلف شبكه اي كردن پلي اتيلن روش سيلاني كه از سهولت فرايند و عدم نياز بـه تجهيـزات گـران قيمـت و قابليـت كاربرد در محصولات مختلف مانند سيم و كابل، لوله و فيلم برخوردار اسـت در ايـن پـروژه اسـتفاده شـده اسـت. بـا توجـه بـه اهميت ساختار مولكولي و نظر به توليد گريدهاي مختلف پلي اتيلن در داخل كشور و روند رو به رشد اسـتفاده از ايـن مـواد در جهان در اين پروژه اثر ساختار مولكولي و توپولوژي بر روي گرافت شدن و شبكه اي شدن پلي اتيلنهـاي مختلـف وآلياژهـاي آنها بررسي شده است. در بخش ديگري از كار اثرافزودن EVA و نانورس بر خواص پلـي اتـيلن شـبكه اي مـورد مطالعـه قـرار گرفته است. همچنين خواص حرارتي و رئولـوژيكي نمونـه هـاي پخـت شـده و گرافـت شـده بررسـي شـده اسـت. مشخصـات مولكولي مواد مانند اوزان مولكولي متوسط عددي و وزني، توزيع وزن مولكـولي، ميـزان و نـوع شـاخه، ميـزان گروه هـاي غيـر اشباع توسط آزمونهاي كروماتوگرافي ژل تراوايي، طيف سنجي رزونانس مغناطيسي هسته و طيف سنجي زير قرمزمحاسبه شد. ميزان گرافت شدن توسط آزمون طيف سنجي زيرقرمزتبديل فوريه و خواص شبكه توسط آزمون هاي درصد ژل، تـورم و -Hot set مطالعه شده است. واكنش گرافت شدن در حالت مذاب با استفاده از وينيل تـري متوكسـي سـيلان ودي كيوميـل پراكسـيد انجام شد. نتايج نشان داد كه وزن مولكولي مهمترين پارامتردر تغييرات ميزان گرافت شـدن مـي باشـد. ميـزان گرافـت شـدن بـا افزايش وزن مولكولي متوسط عددي و وزني زياد شد. افزايش تعداد شاخه هاي جانبي به دليل كاهش حجـم حلقـه پليمـري در مواردي مي تواند باعث كاهش ميزان گرافت شدن شود اما حضور گروه هاي غيراشـباع موجـب افـزايش ميـزان گرافـت شـدن سيلان مي شود. ترتيب ميزان گرافت شدن مطابق LDPE› HDPE› LLDPE و ترتيـب ميـزان درصـد ژل و سـرعت شـبكه اي شدن عموما به صورت HDPE› LLDPE› LDPE بود. به دليل حضور دو جزء سل و ژل رفتار ذوب و بلورينگي نمونه هاي پخت شده نشان از غير يكنواختي در ساختار مولكولي را مي دهد ودر صد بلورينگي در اثر شبكه اي شدن كاهش يافت. رفتـار رئولوژيكي در حالت ديناميك به شدت تحت تاثير گرافت شدن سيلان قرار مي گيرد. افزودن EVA بـه پلـي اتيلنهـاي مختلـف باعث افزايش درصد ژل و سرعت شبكه اي شدن به ويژه براي HDPE شد با اين وجـود هيچكـدام از نمونـه هـاي آلياژشـده بـا EVA نتوانستند با موفقيت آزمون set-Hot را پشت سربگذراننـد. نـانورس خـالص در دوفراينـد متفـاوت يكـي قبـل از واكـنش گرافت شدن و ديگري بعد از آن به پلي ا تيلن سبك خطي اضافه شد. نتايج نشان داد كه افزودن نانورس خالص باعـث افـزايش درصد ژل و افزايش سرعت شبكه اي شدن مي شود. اين افزايش به ويژه در حالتيكه نانورس بعد از واكنش گرافت شدن اضافه شود بسيار قابل ملاحظه مي باشد. نتايج FTIR احتمال انجام واكنش شيميايي بين گروههاي نانورس با سيلان داد.همچنين نتـايج XRD نشاندهنده اينتركليت شدن نانورس در اثر مخلوط شدن با پلي اتين گرافت شده با سيلان كه قطبيت بالايي بـود. بـاافزودن نانورس و شبكه اي شدن غير يكنواختي در رفتار ذوب و كاهش درصد بلـورينگي مشـاهده شـد. ويسـكوزيته مركـب و مـدول ذخيره در اثرافزودن نانورس به پلي اتيلن گرافت شده افزايش يافتند.

   Abstract: Today, with the increasing expansion of social networks, users have access to the opinions and views of other people. These opinions often contain valuable information that can be analyzed to understand people's tastes and tendencies and to identify their positive, negative or even neutral opinions on various issues. But since the volume of these data and the speed of their production is surprisingly high, analyzing it by humans is a difficult, time-consuming and practically impossible task; Therefore, there is a need for a system that can automatically analyze comments. Sentiment analysis is the solution to this problem. Sentiment analysis is a process that is able to discover people's views, attitudes and feelings from their writings. Sentiment analysis or opinion analysis is a subset of text mining and natural language processing, the purpose of which is to automatically extract users' views on various issues. Microblog is a type of social network where users try to share their short texts with others. Twitter is one of the most popular microblogs in which the maximum size of each tweet is 280 characters, and this feature has made Twitter a suitable platform for knowing the opinions of users. In this thesis, sentiment analysis has been done on 7306 Farsi tweets extracted from the Twitter social network on the topic of Corona vaccine. For this purpose, tweets were considered in three >Keywords: text mining, sentiment analysis, corona vaccine, natural language processing, machine learning, deep learning, Twitter social network

  In recent years, the electrothermal effect has beenwidely investigated in microfluidics and has been proposed and used as a promising technique for use in laboratory devices on a chip. In this research, firstly, a variety of electrokinetic phenomena   briefly introduced , which includes electroosmotic, electrothermal and electrophoresis. At first, we simulated electroosmotic micropumps in two symmetric and asymmetric geometries and showed that in fluids with High conductivity   electroosmotic EO phenomenon is inefficient, and in the following, we have investigated and compared the electrothermal micropump, which is suitable for such fluids, in two symmetric and asymmetric geometries, without external thermal bias and also under the external thermal bias. To strengthen the pumping flow, a micropump with a new geometry has been designed and simulated with rectangular holes where the electrodes are located on the inner surface of the holes, and the result of the design was that the output velocity in the presented design has increased significantly compared to the previous conventional designs. Finally, the effect of the electrical conductivity of the fluid, applied frequency, electrical potential, length of the microchannel, length of the wide electrode, the depth of the holes and the gap between the two electrodes were investigated on the fluid velocity and the maximum temperature created in the microchannel

  Today, different societies are well aware of the impact it has on the environment around them and are trying to protect their environment. Also, in modern societies, people are looking for natural places, which can be achieved through tourism. Natural environments are considered suitable places for ecotourism, and due to the relationship between architecture and the natural environment, it is felt necessary to pay attention to the sustainable architecture of ecotourism; Also, due to the fact that the ecotourism industry has become one of the top industries in the world and the need to deal with it as a suitable alternative to the oil-dependent economy and the existence of Iran's potential for the development of ecotourism, we can mention ecotourism as a suitable alternative to oil revenues. Therefore, in this research, what is taken into consideration is the sustainable architecture of ecotourism in line with the sustainable environmental and economic development of this type of architecture. According to the studies conducted in this research, the result was that in ecotourism architecture, nomadic architecture was not used or was used less, for this purpose, the use of nomadic tent structures in the field of sustainable ecotourism architecture with i  iration from the life and architecture of Iranian nomads. It can be an innovative design in the sustainable design of this type of architecture, and by using and combining the principles of nomadic tent design, such as being mobile and prefabricated, being light, cheap and cost-effective, as well as being more compatible with nature, it can be a step towards improving the architecture of tent structures with today's technologies. Designing ecotourism residences. As a result, the goal of designing this type of sustainable ecotourism accommodation based on and modeling the life of nomads is that it is compatible with the environment of each climate and economically sustainable, that is, it seeks sustainable production and job creation in tourism and host areas. Also, in this research, a new concept of ecotourism has been tried in such a way that the ecotourism camp or residence is based on the pattern of nomadic life and moves seasonally between tourist and tourism areas. In this type of design, everything is portable and it can be said that it is a minimal architecture. Some services such as accommodation and equipment are taken from one place to another, and some other services such as food and handicrafts are produced and supplied in the new place according to the region and climate.

  In recent decades, the energy crisis has caused the concern of the international community, and numerous researches have been carried out in various scientific fields, and this concern has been partially resolved by using various solutions. On the other hand, architecture, as a discipline that is directly related to building design and construction, plays an important role in optimizing the energy consumption of buildings. One of the parts of the building that is very important to pay attention to in the design process is the window of the building, which is the border between the interior and exterior of the building, and the optimization of this part is very important in reducing the energy consumption of the entire building. This research tries to find the effect of window design on the energy consumption of a residential building. The energy consumption of the building is highly dependent on the thermal characteristics of its external shell. In the meantime, windows have a considerable effect on the thermal characteristics of the building shell due to their low thermal resistance in addition to the direct passage of radiant energy, so determining the optimal window-to-wall ratio in any climate is very important. The purpose of this research is to determine the design of the window suitable for the climate in order to reduce energy consumption. In the first step, the design of the building is designed based on internal regulations and resources and it is simulated in the DesignBuilder software, and then to enter the inputs and compare the effect of window design on the energy consumption pattern of the building, the inputs are designed in two groups of contract and 8 window models and with attention We have done the simulation to the groups and analyzed the obtained results, in the end, according to the inputs and the obtained results, we will choose the sample that has the best performance in energy consumption compared to other models and then we will strengthen its inputs. After carrying out this design and simulations in the desired climate, we were able to achieve the desired reduction in energy consumption by designing a vertical window model of 180 x 70 cm, observing the wall-to-window ratio and also strengthening the inputs such as increasing the thickness and layer of the external and internal walls. To achieve 10,000 to 20,000 kilowatt hours in the consumption of cooling energy, which is one of the dominant energy consumptions compared to other energies in a hot and dry climate.

   Due to the decreasing trend of fossil resources and increasing global warming, the crisis of energy shortage, and with the aim of reducing the carbon footprint and the need to pay attention to the use of renewable energies, which has become more important in global societies, it is necessary to pay attention to this matter. Is.    The construction sector is one of the major consumers of fossil fuel; Optimizing architectural design with a climate compatible approach can have a great effect in reducing fossil fuel consumption and using renewable energies. Computational design in the initial stages is one of the methods that plays a significant role in optimizing architectural design because in this stage of design, basic decisions are made to achieve the goals of building design, including energy performance, cost, environmental effects, thermal comfort, and so on. It is taken as Therefore, optimization studies should be done in the initial stage of design, where most of the architectural decisions have not been taken yet. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of architectural and construction parameters on improving energy consumption in the initial stages of designing a high-rise residential building in Tehran. The approach used in this research is quantitative and the research method is simulation and modeling. At first, the climate data of Tehran city was analyzed with the Ladybug plugin and static climate design solutions were presented. In the next step, to find the optimal form and proper orientation in the Ladybug plugin, the building form was analyzed with regard to solar radiation. And the optimal option was selected. From the optimal forms obtained according to the architectural needs (physical program, standards and such), an option was selected and an architectural plan was drawn. The architectural plan in the Honeybee plugin was converted into thermal zones for simulating energy, and by determining the range of changes in architectural parameters (window-to-wall ratio, window type, thermal insulation thickness, optimal canopy depth) and the effect of each of them on energy consumption, The parametric form was analyzed and studied. In the end, according to the results, a high-rise residential building was designed in the desired site. The building that was designed has 20 floors, the 15th floor of which was chosen as a sample floor for study. According to the background of the research, it was determined that the most efficient energy simulation engine is Energy Plus software. According to the results obtained from the sensitivity analysis, among the architectural parameters affecting energy consumption, the window-to-wall percentage ratio (bedroom and kitchen - hall and reception) and the type of glass had more sensitivity than other parameters; And the depth of the shade and the material of the internal walls were the least effective options, and among the considered parameters, the optimal modes were selected. The results show that by increasing the window-to-wall ratio, the heating load decreases and the cooling load increases. Also, the total energy has a decreasing trend up to 50% and after that it starts to increase. So 50% was chosen as the optimal percentage. In terms of window type, the upvc window with low-e glass was considered as the most optimal window among several different types.

  atural disasters kill an average of 60,000 people annually and account for 0.1% of global deaths. Events such as earthquakes and tsunamis cannot be prevented and have high losses in human life. Historical data shows that the world has seen significant reductions in accident deaths through early warning, more resilient infrastructure and emergency preparedness. Housing reconstruction programs play a decisive role in disaster recovery, and providing temporary housing is an important step in these programs. Temporary housing allows victims to have a private and safe place to return to their normal lives while permanent homes are being rebuilt. However, the long-term effects of temporary housing projects are often destructive, and it is important to assign a sustainable function to temporary homes and plan for their future. The aim of this thesis is to improve the conditions of temporary settlements and increase the level of satisfaction of the homeless population caused by the earthquake and reduce the vulnerability of the earthquake victims who are forced to accept these settlements. Considering the main features of temporary settlements, this thesis tries to propose a new solution using mobile architecture that is easily portable and flexible, and at the same time tries to provide the goals of sustainable living. This thesis uses a combined analytical-modeling and simulation research method. The community under study is the areas affected by accidents and disasters, and the sample under study is the village of Ramki Ramadan, one of the earthquake-affected villages of Sar Pol Zahab, Kermanshah.

As one of the architectural elements, the Yard has a long history in human settlement space and shows human adaptation to the sum of environmental conditions. In the past, the yards had a considerable level of home spaces and played various roles and features such as providing light, ventilation, communicating with nature, creating a safe environment for facing the family, security, confidentiality, dynamism, vitality, readability. Therefore, these spaces, as one of the most important flexible spaces in past houses, had a special place.   During different periods of architecture, the environment has changed a lot and today, due to various reasons such as quantitative and profitable view of housing, lack of attention to space and its quality and not considering the effect that the environment has on humans, the position of this space has been less than in the past. In this thesis, we try to collect and identify the physical factors that are important and effective in increasing the quality of the home and its resuscitation, for which two questions are raised in this thesis. "What physical factors are effective in strengthening the presence and stopping of people in the courtyard of the house? " And "How can physical factors reinforce the quality of the courtyard and transform it into the living space of the residents in the design of a residential apartment in Boroujerd?". Following answers to these questions, in-depth interviews have been conducted with people who have lived in houses with active and live courtyards in Boroujerd in the past or present. The research method of this dissertation is qualitative and its approach is grounded theory. This thesis is applied in terms of purpose. After analyzing the research data, physical factors affecting the quality of the yard as a space for living at home and increasing the quality of this space as well as the use of these factors in the design of residential apartments in Boroujerd have been obtained.    Keywords: Factors of Physical, Residential Apartments, Yard, Quality, Boroujerd City      

  Due to events such as the advancement of technology, consumerism of goods, attention to fleeting needs and such things, in the present era, the quality-oriented world has given way to an advanced and quantitative-oriented world. In such a way that the meaning of many issues has been forgotten and consigned to history. In fact, the house is not an exception to this rule; So that it has lost its meaning and nature to a large extent. The lack of a suitable home makes a person feel lost and homeless in this busy world. As a result, the concept of living in a beloved shelter has gradually become dim and meaningless. There are various factors that improve the quality of the house, one of which is the correct and rational use of materials in the architecture of the house. In this regard, the current thesis, assuming the center of human and his need to understand the meaning of his house, seeks to revive a part of the forgotten quality of the house by means of brick materials. In general, in order to achieve this important in the research process of this thesis, first, relying on the correlational research method, it was determined that there is a relationship between bricks and the meaning of the house, so that these two variables affect each other. . In the next stage, an open interview was conducted with those respondents who believed that there is a connection between bricks and the meaning of the house, and with the help of qualitative research method, primary codes were extracted from the interviews and then From the centralization of the codes, concepts such as: sensory perception, Iranian identity, revitalization of the sense of place, stability, personalization and atmosphere were created. The information obtained improves the quality of the house, and in general, these information are the characteristics attributed by the respondents to the brick materials used in the houses. Finally, the results obtained from the research part of this thesis show that a significant number of people in Kermanshah consider brick as one of the appropriate materials to create meaning and improve quality in the exterior and interior of the house.

context is one of the primary productive tools of architects, which lack of attention leads to the loss of visual continuity and the creation of an uncoordinated system in the physical image. The common and aimless design process, the visual damage to the northern slopes of Kermanshah and the disorderly body of residential projects are the main motivations of this thesis in achieving the approach of physical contextualism. The purpose of this research is to extract the physical components and examine them in the residential complex in the north of Kermanshah in order to identify the damages and then design the residential complex based on the components, which finally depicts its context and physical values. Create a correct and balanced interaction between the building and the substrate. There have been some researches in this regard before, which only considered the historical and cultural context; But this research deals with the design in a natural and pathological context of residential complexes in the northern slopes of Kermanshah and also provides a comprehensive classification of physical components; It is an innovative research.main questio   What are the components of physical orientation and how to use them. The approach to answering the questions is qualitative and descriptive-analytical. By examining the opinions of experts, the components have been extracted. The resulting components were applied in the residential complex and by identifying the damages, design solutions were presented, which was the main basis for the design of the said residential complex.  

   چكيده سكونتگاه يا به تعبير بهتر خانه به عنوان مكاني كه كه وابستگي بي‌قيد و شرط با انسان‌ها دارد،مفهومي ماندگار و جاودانه است،كه از ابتدا تغييرات بسياري را متحمل شده است. اين تغييرات كه به واسطه‌ي تفكر انسان در جريان زندگي او بوجود آمده است،گاه ادامه‌ي شرايط پيشين و تداوم آن است و گاه حاصل دگرگوني مفاهيم پيشين است؛ اما در هرحال،چه تداوم و چه دگرگوني حاصل شود، بايد چرايي آنها را جويا شده و علت آن مشخص شود. به دنبال همين موضوع و به منظور روشن شدن مسئله‌ي اصلي،عنصر بام به عنوان فضاي مورد توجه پايان نامه پيش رو،در شرايط كنوني،در ساختمان‌هاي امروزي، و همچنين شرايط گذشته اين فضا،مورد بررسي و مقايسه قرار گرفته است تا در نهايت لزوم توجه به اين فضا به عنوان مسئله‌ي اين پايان نامه مشخص شود. در ادامه و با توجه به محوريت فضاي بام و مشخص شدن مسئله ي مورد نظر،هدفي كه در انجام پايان نامه دنبال مي‌شود، توجه به طراحي اين فضا در آپارتمان‌هاي مسكوني است كه به دنبال آن توجه به ساير موارد   نظير ورود طبيعت به فضاي معماري،توجه به طراحي فضاي باز و ساير موضوعات را نيز در نظر دارد؛ همچنين رفع بخشي از نيازهاي رواني انسان در طراحي اين فضا و در نظر گرفتن انسان به عنوان طرف ديگر اين موضوع در كنار توجه به شرايط متفاوت يك عنصر معماري در ادوار مختلف مي‌تواند از اهداف ديگر اين پايان نامه تلقي شود. راهبردي كه در خصوص جمع آوري اطلاعات در اين پايان نامه استفاده خواهد شد،استدلال منطقي است و داده‌ها از طريق جستجو در منابع مكتوب،مشاهده و تحليل نمونه‌هاي موردي در قالب تصاوير جمع‌آوري خواهد شد؛ به اين معنا كه به دنبال يافتن جواب سوالات از طريق منابع كتابخانه‌اي و دسته‌بندي اين اطلاعات درمراحل مختلف دركنار يافتن ويژگي‌هاي فضاي بام از طريق منابع مكتوب و نمونه‌هاي موردي و در ادامه مقايسه نتايج قسمت هاي مختلف اين پايان نامه با يكديگر،نتايج كلي تري به دست خواهد آمد. در نهايت نتايجي كه از اين پايان نامه به دست خواهد آمد،چون از جنس راهكارهاي طراحانه در فضاي بام و پاسخگوي به چهار دسته از نيازهاي رواني بدست آمده در بخش‌هاي ابتدايي اين پايان نامه است و در قالب نمودار‌هايي درانتهاي بخش‌هاي مربوطه قرار گرفته است،در قالب جزئيات در فضاهاي بام يا در ساير فضاهاي معماري قابل اجرا است. به طور كلي نتايج حاصل از پايان نامه پيش رو،قابليت اجرا در يك آپارتمان مسكوني در بستر مورد نظر كه شهر كرمانشاه است را داراست اما چون اين پايان نامه حول محور فضاي بام است و توجه به فضاهاي باز و حضور فضاي سبز در معماري را نيز به دنبال دارد مي‌تواند تا حدي در خصوص طراحي ساير بناها،با كاربري هاي مختلف،نيز مورد استفاده قرار گيرد. كليد واژه‌ها: آپارتمان مسكوني،طراحي بام، فضاي زندگي

   چكيده:   بيان مسئله:معماري به عنوان بستري كه مخاطب آن انسان است بايد جنبه هاي متفاوت از نيازهاي روحي و رواني انسان را پوشش دهد.در اين ميان كالبد به عنوان عامل شكل دهنده به معماري نقش مهمي در پاسخگويي به اين نيازها دارد به ويژه در بناهاي مسكوني كه انسان در ارتباط دائمي با آن قرار دارد.كالبد به عنوان حد فاصل فضاي بيروني و دروني ماهيتي دوجانبه دارد   به اين معنا كه علاوه بر تاثيري كه بر فضاي هاي داخلي مي گذارد، نمايشي از چهره بنا در شهر است. نماي ساختمان نمود اين چهره در فضاي شهري است. اين عنصر به عنوان حد فاصلي ميان بيرون و درون بنا مي‌تواند موجب برقراري ارتباط ميان اين دو شود.اين ارتباط در صورت شناخت عوامل موثر در چگونگي برقراري آن ميتواند موجب طراحي صحيح و جانمايي درست فضاهاي داخلي شود و نيز تاثير مفيدي روي فضاهاي شهري داشته باشد .در نهايت مسئله اصلي پايان نامه حاضر دريافت چگونگي ارتباط ميان بيرون و درون،كشف الگوهايي در ارتباط با اين موضوع و طراحي آپارتمان مسكوني بر اساس اين الگوهاست.از اين رو سوال اصلي اين پايان نامه به اين صورت است:چگونه مي‌توان در طراحي جداره آپارتمان‌هاي مسكوني در كرمانشاه،ارتباط درون و بيرون را بهينه نمود؟ پيشينه پژوهش: اين پايان نامه با بررسي ضرورت مسئله در جهت كشف چگونگي ارتباط ميان بيرون و درون   از طريق منابع كتابخانه اي در حوزه معماري و طراحي شهري   به ارائه پيشينه موضوع پرداخته است به اين ترتيب كه در ابتدا با جستجو در منابع كتابخانه‌اي حول موضوع وكلمات كليدي،در بخش اول به مفاهيم مربوط به ويژگي هاي درون و بيرون و ارتباط ميان آنها و دربخش بعدي به مسائل مربوط به جداره و اهميت آن پرداخته شده است. روش پژوهش: روش پژوهش اين پايان نامه تركيبي از نمونه موردي و كيفي است.ابتدا با در نظر گرفتن معيار‌هاي استخراج شده از منابع مكتوب در جهت كشف چگونگي برقراري ارتباط ميان درون و بيرون از طريق جداره و شناسايي عوامل موثر بر اين ارتباط ،خانه هايي از بافت مياني كرمانشاه به عنوان نمونه موردي مورد بررسي قرارگرفته است و داده‌ها با استفاده از روش مصاحبه عميق با ساكنين و حضور در خانه به همراه مشاهده و برداشت كروكي از فضاها به دست آمده است. سپس به منظور   دستيابي به الگوهاي خاص در طراحي جداره،به تبيين روش پژوهش پايان نامه از طريق شناخت كالبد خانه وتحليل اتفاقات و رويدادهاي مرتبط با بيرون ازخانه پرداخته شده است و به كمك رويكرد نظريه‌ي زمينه ايي و روش استدلال منطقي معيار‌هاي كالبدي موثر درارتباط با بيرون شناسايي شده است. نتايج: نتايج در قالب جدولي به عنوان عوامل كمك‌كننده به ارتباط بيرون ودرون ارائه شده است. اين عوامل شامل فضاهاي همنشين با جداره،عناصر معماري و عوامل طبيعي است كه به صورت راهكارهايي در طراحي آپارتمان مسكوني مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. اين راهكارهاي كالبدي مي‌تواند به منظور افزايش كيفيت فضايي در آپارتمان‌هاي مسكوني مورد توجه طراحان قرار بگيرد و نيز مي تواند در تدوين استانداردهاي طراحي جداره آپارتمان‌هاي مسكوني كاربردي باشد.    كليد واژه ها:بيرون،درون،نما، طراحي،آپارتمان مسكوني،

   In this research, the influence of the design of openings and canopy on the energy consumption of residential buildings is investigated. First, the climate of Kermanshah city (place of building design) is analyzed using Climate Consult software and the available climate data, and an appropriate decision is made regarding the effect of orientation, color and other effective factors in design on reducing energy consumption. After defining the general strategies for the design in Kermanshah city, the focus is on radiation and shading, and using Design Builder and Ecotect software, the appropriate geometry of the window is selected in terms of natural light absorption. The dimensions of the windows should be such that it does not cause a lot of heat loss from the building. After determining the appropriate dimensions of the window, the location of the openings is determined according to the high-pressure and low-pressure areas of the building, so that in this way natural ventilation can be carried out in a desirable way in the building. In the continuation of the research, the design of the canopy is carried out, for this purpose Sun Tools software is used. The use of canopies is such that by reducing the cold load of the building, they will not cause shading in the cold days of the year and the heating load will not increase.

  Objective: Improving output waveforms and overcoming theinstability effect caused by CPLs in DC microgrid is the main objective of thisresearch.

The importance of design quality of the educational spaces’ body, which used by children is one of the important factors in development of children. So that, numerous researches have been conducted in many countries in relation to the effective components of of the environment on promotion of chid development. Therefor, with the aim of improving the quality of educational spaces, the role of school yard in development and promotion of children’s learning has been investigated. In order to achieve this goal, a qualitative method along with the strategy of examining case samples have been used. The results of studies show that open and semi-open spaces have an effective role on children’s development and help to improve physical development, language skills, social interactions, expanding moral and emotional dimentions and cognitive and behavioral skills. All these components together, help children to improve their learnings. Optained results from psychological and development studies along with application of SEVEN Cs theory and Khakzand and Babaei’s research in company with examination of case samples have been expressed in form of design solutions. In following, as an example of using mentioned solutions, an elementary school in Kermanshah has been designed.   

  Examining

      صرفه­جويي در مصرف انرژي و راحتي فضاي داخلي كه رفاه و رضايت كاربران را به همراه دارد، از اولويت­هاي اصلي در معماري فعلي محسوب مي­شود. پوسته­هاي هوشمند نماي ساختماني در مقايسه با نماهاي معمولي فرصت­هاي مناسب­تري را براي مقابله با اين­گونه چالش­ها فراهم مي‌كنند. استفاده از پوسته­هاي هوشمند اجازه مي­دهد تا رضايت­مندي كاربران افزايش يابد، درحالي‌كه هم­زمان نياز به تجهيزات آسايش محيطي را كاهش مي­دهند. يك پوسته ساختماني سازگار با اقليم، توانايي تغيير مكرر و برگشت‌پذير خود را دارد. ويژگي‌ها و عملكردهاي اين سيستم در پاسخ به الزامات و شرايط جوي به طور مداوم تغيير مي­كند كه اين شرايط علاوه­بر ايجاد آسايش محيطي، باعث بهبود عملكرد كلي ساختمان از نظر مصرف انرژي مي­شود. در اين پايان‌نامه سعي شده با مطالعه پژوهش‌هاي مرتبط با پوسته­هاي هوشمند، دلايل انتخاب پوسته تطبيق‌پذير اقليمي (CABS) به‌عنوان راه حلي براي ارتقاي عملكرد نماي ساختمان بيان شود، همچنين به كمك نرم­افزارهاي شبيه­ساز، مدل جديدي از پوسته تطبيق­پذير اقليمي مدل‌سازي شود و بر نماي مجتمع اداري - تجاري طراحي شده، قرار گيرد. سپس با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهاي بررسي اقليمي، مجموعه طراحي شده در شرايط سايت انتخابي قرار گيرد تا عملكرد و كارايي پوسته تطبيق­پذير اقليمي تحت مؤلفه‌هاي ايجاد آسايش محيطي و رضايت كاربران، ممانعت از ايجاد خيرگي نور در كنار تأمين نور كافي براي كاربري موردنظر، بهينه­سازي عملكرد اقتصادي با كاهش انرژي مصرفي جهت تأمين شرايط آسايش حرارتي و بصري، توليد انرژي از طريق منابع انرژي پايدار و انتقال پيام و مفاهيم از طريق الگوريتم حركتي پوسته بررسي شود. نتيجه‌گيري تحقيق و استخراج كليدواژه‌ها، مبتني بر اهداف پژوهش بيان شده­است.

   abstract: A comfortable indoor environment plays an important role in improving the learning efficiency and health of students. How to optimize the design of primary and secondary education buildings to achieve a comfortable indoor environment, considering energy and cost, is a significant challenge. With the increase in energy consumption and world population, climate change is related to the heavy reliance of humans on fossil fuels to meet energy demand and produce greenhouse gases. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports strong evidence that rising greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are changing the world's climate. Climate change is predicted to have a negative impact on the world unless appropriate mitigation measures are implemented. Various international agreements have been made to help address climate change, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement. The final energy consumption in the buildings sector increased from 118 exajoules in 2010 to about 128 exajoules in 2019. The fastest growth in the end-use of the building – cooling systems, appliances and electrical loads – drives electricity in the buildings sector. According to the materials mentioned in relation to energy consumption and the critical situation of global warming and the impact of buildings in this crisis, as well as not addressing environmental issues and providing the required energy through environmentally friendly methods in the design and implementation phase of most of the existing school buildings, the purpose of this The thesis is to modify the thermal behavior of existing school buildings in the temperate and mountainous climate of Kermanshah - Iran in order to supply the building's energy needs through the use of renewable energy sources, the use of appropriate materials and implementation techniques. In the first stage of optimization, various insulations were used to reduce energy consumption, and 5 types of conventional insulation available in Iran, including extruded styrene, expanded polystyrene, glass wool, rock wool, and polyurethane insulation, were investigated. Also, its results showed that polyurethane insulation is the most suitable insulation in the list of insulations. In the second stage of the building test, the layering of the insulation was checked and the insulation was checked in 4 different layers and different types, and the results showed that the second layer is suitable for this insulation position. In the third stage, the thickness of the insulation was checked, and 6 different thicknesses were checked. And the results showed that insulation with a thickness of 30 mm is the most suitable scenario in this regard, both in terms of heating and cooling consumption. In the fourth step, the configuration of light-transmitting walls was checked in 9 scenarios, the results of which were the suitability of three-paned LoE windows. In the fifth stage, the window-to-wall ratio was checked in 60 different situations, and the results showed that in this climate and building, the window-to-wall ratio with 20% is the most appropriate option. In the sixth stage, the shading optimization of the analyzed building And it was investigated that the results showed that there was no need for a canopy in this building.    Keywords: energy architecture, energy optimization, school energy, active and passive systems, reducing energy consumption

  olving the existing problems is of considerable importance in cities due to its significant impact on the development of communities. In recent years, the problem of marginalization has emerged as a result in cities. This phenomenon stems from factors such as poverty and unplanned migration, and leads to issues such as unemployment, increased unskilled labor, and urban insecurity. Kermanshah has a high percentage of informal settlement in the country. In this city, the Silk Garden neighborhood is one of the areas that suffers from this issue. This neighborhood, which is adjacent to Razi University, also has many capabilities, including one of the cases that Razi University can be mentioned to solve its problems. In this research, a shared workspace plan will be presented to empower this neighborhood. Because according to previous research, the role of the parent organization (here Razi University) in the formation and life of reproductive companies is not negligible. This solution, which can be shaped by the participation of knowledge in business and wealth creation, provides a cheap space with the desired facilities for the stops, so that by connecting the students in the industry, as a result, the country can progress and face retail. Create buildings and increase the culture of the region. Another necessity that was considered for the implementation of this plan is to change the prevailing thinking in these neighborhoods; Which is followed by the entry of a large number of people or investment according to the guarantee that there is a return on investment.. Such knowledge-based spaces have had positive effects on their environment, both in foreign examples (such as the French F-station) and in domestic examples (such as the Tehran Innovation Factory).

Today, the issue of energy and its scarcity in the world has become an important issue, which has led architects to turn more to plans to reduce energy, including the sustainability and use of Energy audits in commercial, office and residential buildings. One of the solutions used in the field of architecture can be the use of simulation software such as design builder software. It has been tried to study how to reduce energy in this building without considering the addition to Razi Engineering Technical Building and using Builder Design software.  The results of this study, which have been reviewed in four stages, indicate that it is important to reduce the energy consumption of the building without attachment and by using drape curtains or luminescent glass, as well as upgrading the facility's energy facilities.

قدم زدن در هواي آزاد، توقف و مكث در مكان هاي تفريحي، نشستن و استراحت در مكان هاي جذاب و ديدني جزء فعاليت هاي انتخابي به شمار مي آيند. شرايط خاص فضاها جهت ايستادن، نشستن، خوردن، بازي كردن، اين فعاليت ها را تحت تأثير خود قرارمي دهند. فراهم بودن امكان مشاهده ي ديگران و رويدادهاي پيرامون يكي از عوامل تعيين كننده در ميزان پاسخگو بودن فضاست، و از جمله نيازهاي انسان است.   در كنار آن نياز انسان به پيچيدگي و امكان كشف فضا ميتواند توسط خلق فضاها و منظرهاي متنوع، فعاليت هاي گوناگون باهدف تأمين تنوع، جاذبه و تجارب گوناگون و ايجاد حركت   در بازديدكنندگان از فضا به وجود آيد. لنگ (1386، ص. 127)   در كتاب آفرينش نظريه هاي معماري مي گويد كه اگر مردم به تماس اجتماعي نياز داشته باشند، در هر محيطي زمينه آن را فراهم مي كنند. رابطه متقابل اجتماعي براي پاسخ به نيازهاي انسان به پيوند جويي و احساس تعلق به مكان يك ضرورت است كه دليل بر مطلوب بودن تعامل اجتماعي است. لذا هر فرصتي براي دست يافتن به چنين منظوري مثبت ارزيابي شده است .دليل ديگر اين است كه فعاليت هايي چون تعامل با ديگران و مشاهده فعاليت هاي مردم، با به وجود آوردن زمينه هاي اجتماعي شدن و اجتماع پذيري به رشد فردي انسان كمك مي كنند. برخي از انديشمندان مانند هامبر (2006) معتقدند، فعاليتهاي اوقات فراغت دوران نوجواني و جواني، در مجموع براي نحوه گذران فراغت در دوران بزرگسالي بسيار مهم و تعيين كننده است .تأثيرات مهمي كه گذران اوقات فراغت در دوران معاصر بر فضاي جوامع، خانواده و جوانان گذاشته است، نه تنها مصرف كنندگان صنعت اوقات فراغت، بلكه توليد كنندگان كالاها را نيز به تنوع طلبي و ساختار شكني بنيادها وادار كرده است، تا دائما و خلاقانه عناصري را ابداع كنند و با انتخاب اجزاء متفاوت فرهنگي و تركيب آنها با يكديگر، هويت هاي جديد را بجويند.تفريح وگذران مناسب اوقات فراغت، وسيله اي موثر براي پرورش قواي فكري، جسمي و اخلاقي   افراد بوده و عاملي براي جلوگيري از كجروي هاي اجتماعي محسوب مي شود (تندنويس، 94:1378 ). فضاهاي عمومي شهري يا فضاهاي جمعي شهري بستر شكل گيري حيات مدني در شهر بوده كه مناسبات چهره به چهره، تظاهرات سياسي، جشن ها و اعياد در آن برگزار مي شود و از پس اين تعاملات، بخشي از ميراث تاريخي و فرهنگي جامعه و انتقال ارزش هاي مشترك جامعه شكل مي گيرد. "فضاهاي جمعي بستر مشتركي است كه مردم فعاليت هاي كاركردي و مراسمي را كه پيونددهنده اعضاي جامعه است، در آن انجام مي دهند، چه روزمرگي هاي معمولي باشد و چه جشنواره هاي دوره اي" (مدني پور، 2000، ص. 215). كانتر (1997، ص. 158) بيان مي دارد رويدادها و تعاملات انسان ها يك مكان را خاطره انگيز مي كند و به سبب همين رويدادها خاطره جمعي شكل مي گيرد. كانتر مكان را نتيجه اي از ارتباطات ميان سه مفهوم فعاليت ها، مفاهيم و خصلت هاي فيزيكي مي داند. "آنچه مي تواند عامل مهمي در شكل گيري خاطرات جمعي باشد وجود بستر مناسبي است كه اجازه ورود افراد به آن و انجام فعاليت ها و سپس رخداد وقايعي را بدهد كه به سبب استمرار حضور و رخداد وقايع با گذشت زمان، آن مكان و آن فعاليت به كانون هاي فرهنگي آن جامعه بپيوندد. فضاي شهري بستري است كه حيات مدني در آن جريان مي يابد، واقعه ها و حادثه ها رخ مي دهد و حيات مدني را به حيات واقعه اي تبديل كرده و سبب مي گردند تا خاطره شكل گيرد و ذهن محل انباشت خاطره ها شود" (حبيبي، 1999، ص. 16) گيبسون و ايتلسون (1966، ص. 85) عنوان مي كنند آنچه معماران خلق مي كنند محيط بالقوه اي براي رفتار انسان است و آنچه شخص استفاده و تحسين مي كند، محيط مؤثر بر اوست. در واقع، هدف طراحان ايجاد محيط هايي است كه نيازهاي انسان را تأمين كنند و در اين ميان نقش علوم رفتاري در حرفه هاي طراحي، بالا بردن توانايي طراحان براي پيش بيني اثر محيط ساخته شده بر مردم است. مسأله بنيادين درك نقش محيط ساخته شده در زندگي مردم، فهم چيستي معناي محيط است.

One of the problems that has raised more concerns than ever before in terms of energy consumption statistics and forecasts for the country's future is the depletion of underground resources and the depletion of oil reserves needed to raise this industry. In addition to these problems, there are environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions due to improper planning and misuse of current energy. Solving these problems, in addition to having confidence for the life of the next generation, is a guarantee for the future economy and industry of the country, because today no other country knows the growth of its industry and economy based on underground resources and such value Reserves are becoming less and less, despite the fact that Iran has many natural and cultural attractions, the tourism industry is a good alternative to it, you just have to see the potential of this industry in the country. He acted to have a positive effect on the country, and among the various pillars of the tourism industry, the resort plays an important role in promoting the tourism industry in each region. Eco-lodges, which are more prosperous today, have gained a lot of fans. Today, tourists are less inclined to stay in luxury hotels with high stars and sometimes prefer to spend the night in the resort. To get acquainted with the style and context of life in the region. In the meantime, creating accommodation that can take a step in terms of environmental and non-environmental degradation while inducing the indigenous feeling of the region can be effective in attracting tourists to the region. This study examines the conditions of the region, analysis and design of accommodation. Ecotourism deals with a sustainable energy approach.   

Sustainability - Sustainable architecture - Sustainable development - Climate - Climate empowerment   

چكيدههمانطوركه در هرم آبراهام مازلو آمده است، امنيت و مسكن از نيازهاي اساسي بشر مي­باشند. با وجود اينكه چندين دهه از احداث مجموعه­هاي مسكوني كه به عنوان سرپناه و محل شكل­گيري شخصيت كودكان، از اهميت بالايي برخوردار است، مي­گذرد اما هنوز به دليل عدم تطابق با فرهنگ، خواسته­ها و غيره، كاستي­هايي در برآوردن نيازهاي اساسي ساكنين از جمله امنيت دارند.زنان نيز كه نيمي از جمعيت شهرها را تشكيل مي­دهند و به عنوان قشر تاثيرگذار و آينده­سازان جامعه هستند، بيشتر از مردان مورد بي­توجهي طراحان در جهت برآوردن نيازهايشان قرار­گرفته­اند. تحقيقات صورت گرفته در مورد نيازهاي زنان در طراحي معمولا در مرحله تئوري رها شده­اند و چارچوب و راهكار خاصي را ارائه نداده­اند. بنابراين اين پايان­نامه با هدف دستيابي به چارچوب­ها و راهكارهاي طراحي مجموعه مسكوني با ويژگي­هاي كالبدي افزايش­دهنده احساس امنيت زنان انجام شده­است.برآمده از مرور ادبيات سوال تحقيق « چگونه مي­توان به الگوهاي طراحي مجتمع مسكوني براي افزايش احساس امنيت زنان دست يافت؟» مي­باشد. پاسخ­گويي به سوال تحقيق از طريق راهبرد استدلال منطقي و تحليلي انجام مي­گيرد. با استدلال منطقي ابتدا عوامل كالبدي موثر بر امنيت زنان كه قابليت تعميم يافتن دارند، بدست آمده   و سپس با تحليل اين عوامل راهكارهاي كالبدي طراحي مجموعه مسكوني با استراتژي افزايش احساس امنيت در زنان ارائه مي­شود. معرفي الگوها و راهكارهاي كالبدي افزايش دهنده احساس امنيت در زنان، دستاورد اين پايان­نامه مي­باشد. راهكارهاي اين پايان­نامه مي­تواند در ساير طراحي­ها مورد استفاده طراحان قرار گيرد.واژگان كليدي: امنيت، احساس امنيت، مجموعه مسكوني، امنيت زنان

   اين پايان نامه با هدف ارائه چارچوبي در راستاي كاهش اثراتزيست محيطي توسعه و ساخت و ساز در محلات مسكوني انجام شده است . روند نامناسبتوسعه در اين بخش سبب پيدايش مشكلات عمده اي در بخش زيست محيطي شده كه عواقب آن مي­تواندادامه حيات بشر در نسل فعلي و نسل هاي آينده را با خطر مواجه سازد . از جمله اينمشكلات مي­توان به افزايش دماي جهان، با آمدن سطح آب هاي آزاد به دنبال ذوب شدن يخهاي قطبي، شكل گيري باران هاي سيل آسا و زير آب رفتن شهرهاي ساحلي در كشورهايمختلف اشاره نمود . در چند دهه اخير و در راستاي تعديل مشكلات شكل گرفته و ايجادتوازن ميان روند توسعه و استفاده از منابع زمين مفهومي به نام توسعه پايدار و درمرحله بعد خودبسندگي شكل گرفت . با توجه به سهم 40 درصدي بخش مسكوني در مصرف انرژي و نيزسهم 26 درصدي در انتشار دي اكسيد كربن به كار گيري راهكارها و اهداف ارائه شده دراين چارچوب مي­تواند منجر به تحقق اهداف توسعه پايدار زيست محيطي در اين بخش گردد.   از سوي ديگر خودبسندگي به عنوان راهكاريبا هدف كاهش ميزان تقاضاي مصرف انرژي و جايگزيني منابع انرژي فسيلي با سوخت هايتجديد و پذير و پاك و استفاده از منابع محلي در راستاي توليد انرژي مي­تواند درراستاي اهداف توسعه پايدار زيست محيطي موثر واقع شود .مرور منابع و تحقيقات انجام شده در اين زمينه در دههاي اخيرمنجر به شكل گيري سوال تحقيق به صورت " ويژگي هاي زيست محيطي – اجتماعي و زيست محيطي – اقتصاديِ معماري يك محله خودبسنده درراستاي تحقق سياست ها و راهبردهاي توسعه پايدار چيست ؟ " گرديد .   ادامه روند تحقيق با هدف پاسخگويي به اين سوالمي­تواند منجر به شكل گيري و تدوين چارچوب مورد نظر گردد .روش تحقيق به كار رفته در اين پژوهش تركيبي بوده و به صورتتوصيفي-تحليلي، شبيه سازي و پژوهش موردي صورت پذيرفته است . در راستاي سنجش ميزانعملكرد راهكارهاي ارائه شده در اين تحقيق در بخش زيست محيطي، از شاخص ردپاياكولوژيكي استفاده گرديده است . مقايسه تغييرات اين شاخص و نيز ميزان مصرف سالانهانرژي و انتشار دي اكسيد كربن در شرايط قبل و بعد از اعمال راهكارهاي مذكور درنمونه هاي مطالعاتي، امكان ارزيابي راهكارها و نيز اصلاحات مورد نياز در جهت بهبودعملكرد آنها را فراهم مي­نمايد .نتايج بر آمده از تحليل و آناليز يافته ها در طراحي هايصورت گرفته در فصل پنجم نشان مي­دهد، در بخش مسكوني به كارگيري راهكارهاي ارائهشده در اين پژوهش سبب شده ميزانسالانه مصرف انرژي، ردپاي اكولوژيكي و انتشار دي اكسيد كربن در بلوك هاي ساختمانيطراحي شده( ميانگين چهار بلوك ) نسبت به نمونه مطالعاتي موجود( نمونه الف ) به طورمتوسط به ازاي هر متر مربع به ترتيب به ميزان 48.93 كيلو وات ساعت( 51.62 درصد )،0.00175 هكتار جهاني بر سال( 51.47 درصد ) و 20.52 كيلوگرم( 63.65 درصد ) كاهش يابد.

با توجه به افزايش روند استفاده از منابع طبيعي در پي رشد جمعيت و ارتقاء شرايط اقتصادي، كره­ي زمين با كاهش ظرفيت منابع در برآوردن نيازهاي ساكنين خود مخصوصاً در نسل­هاي آينده مواجه است. در اين راستا كنترل استفاده از منابع طبيعي يكي از مهم­ترين اهداف توسعه­ي پايدار مي­باشد. همچنين رشد و توسعه­ي گردشگري در نواحي روستايي اگر بر اساس اصول و اهداف پايداري صورت نگيرد يكي از عوامل تخريب منابع طبيعي و زيستگاه­هاي بومي مي­گردد. به همين دليل مقوله­ي پايداري در كنار مبحث گردشگري اهميت فراواني مي­يابد. يكي از لازمه­هاي رشد و گسترش گردشگري روستايي، توسعه­ي زيرساخت­ها است. از جمله­ي اين زيرساخت­ها فضاهاي اقامتي -   خدماتي، حمل و نقل و امكانات عمومي مي­باشند. به همين دليل معماري مورد نياز براي احداث زيرساخت­هاي گردشگري پايدار روستايي بايد بر اساس اصول معماري پايدار شكل گيرند. در اين پايان­نامه ضمن بررسي مفاهيمي نظير توسعه­ي پايدار و شاخص­هاي آن (به طور ويژه شاخص ردپاي اكولوژيكي)، گردشگري پايدار روستايي و معماري مرتبط با آن و در مجموع با توجه به مروري بر تحقيقات گذشته اين­گونه برداشت گرديد كه تحليل مفهوم معماري گردشگري پايدار روستايي بر اساس اهداف، اولويت­ها و شاخص­هاي پايداري (شاخص ردپاي اكولوژيكي) موضوعي نو قلمداد مي­گردد. بنابراين   سؤال بر آمده از اين تحقيق به اين صورت بيان مي­شود: شيوه­ي ارزيابي طراحي و برنامه­ريزي معماري گردشگري روستايي بر اساس شاخص ردپاي اكولوژيكي در راستاي طراحي يك مجموعه­ي اقامتي - گردشگري چگونه است؟    جهت پاسخگويي به سؤال تحقيق از روش توصيفي- تحليلي بر پايه­ي مدل­سازي استفاده مي­گردد. همچنين جمع­آوري داده­ها از طريق مشاهده، مصاحبه (پرسشنامه)، عكس­برداري و فيلم­برداري، سايت­ها، استفاده از آمار و نقشه­هاي سازماني و كتابخانه­اي صورت گرفتند. روستاي زردويي از توابع شهرستان پاوه استان كرمانشاه با توجه به پتانسيل­هاي بالاي طبيعي، معماري و فرهنگي (برگزاري جشنواره­هاي مفرح، جذاب و بومي) جهت جذب گردشگران فاقد فضاي اقامتي -   گردشگري مناسب براي اسكان آن­ها مي­باشد. در اين راستا روستاي زردويي به عنوان مطالعه­ي موردي در اين پايان­نامه انتخاب شد تا با ارزيابي طراحي و برنامه­ريزي مناسب معماري گردشگري پايدار روستايي كمك به توسعه­ي پايدار گردشگري در نواحي روستايي و گسترش زيرساخت­ها گردد. براي تحليل و بررسي ردپاي اكولوژيكي گردشگران نياز به اطلاعاتي نظير انواع روش­هاي حمل و نقل، نوع غذاي مصرفي، فضاي اقامتي و فعاليت­هاي آنان مي­باشد.    در بخش مربوط به محاسبه­ي ردپاي اكولوژيكي فضاي اقامتي گردشگران و ارائه­ي چارچوب كالبد معماري بر اساس پايداري ابتدا از نرم افزار ديزاين بيلدر جهت شبيه­سازي ميزان مصرف انرژي فضاي اقامتي موجود در روستا استفاده مي­گردد. سپس با توجه به ميزان مصرف انرژي، ردپاي اكولوژيكي محاسبه مي­شود. در اين راستا با ارائه­ي پيشنهادهايي نظير به­كارگيري مصالح بومي منطقه، عايق حرارتي، استفاده از پنجره­ي دوجداره، استفاده از سنگ ورقه­اي در پوشش بام، جايگزيني سوخت پاك به جاي استفاده از سوخت­هاي فسيلي (نفت) جهت گرمايش و به كارگيري سامانه­ي فتوولتائيك براي توليد انرژي برق مورد نياز ساختمان به ميزان چشم­گيري مي­توان از ردپاي اكولوژيكي كاست. در زمينه­ي حمل و نقل گردشگران نيز با ارائه­ي راهكارهايي جهت كاهش ميزان ردپاي اكولوژيكي مي­توان از توليد دي اكسيد كربن كاهيد. بر اساس محاسبات صورت گرفته در اين زمينه با جايگزيني وسايل حمل و نقل عمومي نظير استفاده از قطار، اتوبوس و ميني­بوس به جاي خودروهاي سواري شخصي مي­توان از ميزان ردپاي اكولوژيكي كم كرد. اما با توجه به شرايط كنوني شبكه­ راه­هاي دسترسي به روستا امكان استفاده صد در صدي از قطار و اتوبوس فراهم نمي­باشد و تنها گزينه­ي مناسب استفاده­ي گردشگران از ميني­بوس است. در اين راستا كالبد معماري مورد نياز در اين زمينه در نظر گرفتن توقفگاه (پاركينگ) ميني بوس­ها در ورودي بافت روستا و خارج از مجتمع مي­باشد.

حفاظت و نگهداشت بافت پلكاني در سكونتگاه‌هاي مناطق كوهپايه‌اي به‌عنوان گونه‌اي خاص از معماري بومي ايران به لحاظ حفظ تنوع در شكل معماري مناطق مختلف با خاستگاه‌هاي فرهنگي و آداب‌ورسوم و خصوصيات طبيعي و اقليمي متفاوت بر دوش برنامه ريزان و مديران شهري وكشوري است و وظيفه پژوهشگر در اين زمينه كمك‌رساني به آنان از طريق توليد محتوي پژوهشي قابل اتكا براي تهيه طرح‌ها و تدوين ضوابط و استانداردها مي باشد. عليرغم وجود نمونه‌هاي بومي و موفق معماري و شهرسازي كوهپايه‌اي در مناطق كوهستاني ايران، به دليل فقدان مطالعات تخصصي بر روي آن و نبود ضوابط و مقررات متناسب با زمينه، توسعه در اين مناطق با بي‌توجهي به ويژگي‌هاي خاص طبيعي اين مناطق صورت گرفته و ساخت‌وساز بي رويه و بي برنامه، موجب تجاوز به سيماي معماري بومي اين مناطق گشته و به مرور زمان منظر طبيعي و هويت خاص معماري سكونتگاههاي كوهپايه‌اي در معرض نابودي قرار گرفته است. بايد به اهميت اين موضوع واقف بود كه توسعه سكونتگاه‌هاي كوهپايه‌اي بايد نسبت به حفظ ويژگي هاي محيط‌زيست طبيعي حساس باشد، ازلحاظ عملكردي متناسب با نيازهاي بهره‌برداران، ازلحاظ زيبايي‌شناسي دل‌انگيز و ازلحاظ اقتصادي امكان‌پذير باشد. از طرفي نيز بايد اين نكته را مد نظر قرار داد كه مناطق كوهپايه‌اي سخت ترين و در عين حال جالب ترين و چالش برانگيزترين مناطق در راستاي توسعه هستند، اجراي هر طرح توسعه در مناطق كوهپايه توسط عواملي چون عوارض زمين ناهموار، شيب هاي تند، ساختار زمين شناسي پيچيده و شرايط آب و هوايي سخت محدود مي‌شود. كليد توسعه در هر زمينه اي برنامه ريزي، تعيين چهارچوب و تدوين مقررات متناسب با هدف و زمينه است و اين ميسر نيست مگر با مطالعه دقيق و شناخت زمينه. ضوابط و مقررات، ابزار اجراي طرح‌ها و برنامه‌ها هستند. يكي از اسناد مهم طرح‌هاي جامع، ضوابط و مقررات هستند كه امكان اجرا و تحقق طرح را فراهم مي‌آورند. همكاري نزديك برنامه‌ريزان، طراحان شهري و معماران، نقش مهمي را در تدوين ضوابط و مقررات لازم براي ساماندهي كالبد شهر و هماهنگي بين بافت جديد و قديم شهر بازي مي‌كند. در ضمن توسعه پيشنهادي بايد با عناصر موجود سايت هماهنگ باشد، طرح توسعه بايد به گونه اي طراحي شده باشد تا حداقل ميزان اختلال در وضع موجود را سبب شود. هدف از تدوين مقررات و نظام مند كردن ساخت و ساز و ساير دخالت ها در مناطق شيب‌دار، حفاظت از سلامت، ايمني و رفاه عمومي ساكنان و پاسداشت سلامت و كيفيت عمومي محيط زيست و حفظ ويژگي هاي خاص طبيعي است؛ اما مشكل اينجاست كه بسياري از قوانين ساخت و ساز در حال اجرا در شهرهاي كوهپايه اي بر پايه مقررات ساختماني معمول در مراكز شهري واقع در دشت ها بوده و بدون بدون هيچ گونه اصلاحات و ملاحظه اي نسبت به ويژگي هاي متمايز محيط طبيعي كوهپايه‌ها به كار برده مي شوند؛ و اين مشكلي است كه بسياري از شهرهاي جهان سوم با آن دست به گريبان هستند و درنهايت منجر به توسعه نامناسب در شهرهاي كوهپايه اي زيبا گشته است. بي‌توجهي به تدوين ضوابط و مقررات كلي و مدون براي توسعه در اين مناطق مي‌تواند نتايج جبران‌ناپذيري را فراهم آورد؛ كه ضمن ايجاد محلات مسكوني بي‌هويت كه با مشكلات و معضلات عديده كالبدي، اجتماعي و... همراه هستند، به از بين رفتن هويت كوهپايه‌اي اين شهرها نيز منجر مي شود. در اين پژوهش در پي آن هستيم كه چرا ساختار پلكاني اين مناطق باتوجه به مزيت هاي اساسي آن چون دسترسي به نور با كيفيت خورشيد و تامين ديد و منظر عالي در حال نابودي است؟ مي توان به صورت اجمالي دلايل بروز اين مشكل را در چند نكته به شرح ذيل عنوان كرد:- نبود قوانين و آيين‌نامه‌هاي طراحي متناسب با شرايط خاص كوهپايه‌ها. - ضرورت پاسخگويي به نيازهاي زندگي ماشيني معاصر چون دسترسي آسان به معابر پياده و سواره و تامين پاركينگ. - نبود الگوهاي مناسب براي طراحي مجموعه‌ها يا محله‌هاي مسكوني، ويژه مناطق كوهپايه‌اي. اين الگوها بايد به گونه‌اي طراحي شوند كه در عين پاسخگويي به نيازهاي مردم از مزاياي نور و ديد و منظر بهره برده و در عين حال حافظ ساختار پلكاني بوده و مزاحمتي براي دريافت نور و ديد ومنظر خانه‌هاي همسايه ايجاد نكنند.

Iran is one of the 10 countries with the highest energy consumption of fossil fuels and about 40% of this energy is used in the building sector. This issue increases the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and increases environmental pollution. In order to reduce the adverse effects of fossil fuels in buildings, it is necessary to build constructions with efficient energy consumption. The first step to build a building with efficient energy consumption is to design a building envelope with proper thermal behavior. The previous studies revealed the necessity of determining the proper thermal resistance of the building envelope. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the appropriate thermal resistance for different components of residential building envelope with respect to the climate condition of the region and common construction materials in Rasht city to effectively reduce the heating and cooling loads of building. The current approach to this research is quantitative and the method adopted for research is descriptive-analytical, and simulation. The Data collected for performing simulations includes weather data of Rasht city and the coefficients related to thermal resistance and thermal conductivity of building materials. To conduct analysis, a residential building has been simulated in the design builder software 5.5.0.012. This software uses energy plus engine 8.6 for data analyzing. The building dimensions are 15*10*3.5 meters and it has east-west stretch. Window to wall ratio of the north and south walls of building is considered 30 percent, a door is located on east wall and there is no opening on west wall. Other building parameters affecting on results are considered same as software default information. External Wall, roof and window glass as components of building envelope have been investigated separately. To conduct analysis on wall, 16 walls were simulated with different materials and thermal resistance coefficient. Roof were studied in unoccupied pitched and flat cases. Pitched roofs are made up of two parts, one is sloping surfaces which in contact with surrounding air; and the other is the floor of attic space which is as a buffer between living space and attic space. For roof analyzing 9 sloping surfaces, 7 attic floors and 7 flat roofs were simulated with different thermal resistance coefficient. Also, to determine relation between thermal conductivity coefficient of multilayer window glasses and building energy consumption 18 different glasses were simulated. The results of analysis indicated that the increase in thermal resistance of the building envelope reduces the thermal load of the building over to the cooling load to a greater extent. It is also possible to offer the appropriate thermal resistance coefficient for various components of the building envelope. Proper R-value for walls, flat roof, sloping surfaces and attic floor are 2-3.5 m2.K/W, 3 m2.K/W, 1.5-2.5 m2.K/W and 1.5 m2.K/W respectively. It was also found that reducing thermal conductivity coefficient of multilayer window glasses have not satisfactory effect on reducing heating and cooling loads of building.   

In recent years, widespread use of synthetic plastics has led to an increase in the volume of non-degradable waste and environmental pollution. To cope with this problem, researchers have sought to find a suitable alternative to these materials. Biopolymers are materials that come from renewable sources and are completely degraded in the environment, and thus can be a promising alternative to synthetic plastics. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most famous member of the family of polyhydroxyalkanates (PHA), which is produced in the context of nutrient restriction as a source of carbon and energy as granules in the cytoplasm of some bacteria.In this research, a biopolymer producing bacterium was isolated from rhizosphere soils of oak forests of norabad, located in Lorestan province. The use of various carbon sources such as glucose, glycyrrone and rice shell extract separately and in combination for the growth of microorganisms and PHB production was investigated. In order to optimize the production of biopolymer, the method of designing experiments CCD with five factors (temperature, carbon content, C/N ratio , Extract amount ) was used in three levels. To identify and validate the   PHB, the Fourier Transform Infrared   (FTIR), Gas Chromatography- Mass spectrometry(GC-MS)   and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were performed. The maximum efficiency of PH   production in this study was obtained at 35 ° C, pH = 5, 20 g / l of carbon source, C / N : 4 and the amount of rice shell extract of 150 ml per liter of medium. Maximum cell dry weight (CDW), PHB content and production efficiency were obtained in 3000 mg / l, 1870 mg / l and 63.5% respectively.

در اين پژوهش طراحي كوپلرهاي جهتي با پهناي باند زياد و ابعاد كوچك و در حوضه شبكه هاي بي‌سيمي به عنوان هدف قرار داده شده. در اين پژوهش نخست تحقيقات گسترده اي در زمينه المانهاي مايكرواستريپ و پاسخ فركانسي آنها صورت گرفت تا به اطلاعات كافي براي كاربرد اين آلمانها در طراحي يك كوپلر پهن باند دست يابيم. سپس به كمك اطلاعات به دست آمده در اين مرحله خطوط تزويج شده مايكرواستريپ براي ارائه طرح اوليه در يك بازه فركانسي نسبتا وسيع بكار برده شد. در مرحله بعد تلفات بازگشتي و ضريب ايزولاسيون كوپلر با استفاده از خطوط شاخه اي خميده شده و استاب هاي تكرار پذير متقارن بهينه سازي شد. ضمن رسيدن به پاسخ فركانسي مناسب و بهينه، حفظ سادگي ساختار نيز در بهينه سازي مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پايان چند طرح مناسب براي كوپلر جهتي رسيديم.

تعيين نقاط بحراني در شبكه هاي هايبريدي و توسعه مسيرهاي اضافي در شبكه جهت بهبود عملكرد و افزايش ظرفيت و پايداري با ملاحظه به توانايي گره ها

desing of high gain LNA for bluetooth Application

ثبتيت خاك ماسه اي آلوده به نفت خام با استفاده از سيمان و پودر شيشه بازيافتي

Design of an ultra-wideband low noise amplifier with desirable linearity

  Wilkinson Power Divider using Low Pass Filter with compact size and Harmonics Suppression

Heart disease is one of the major causes of disability in adults and one of the main causes of death in the developed countries. Although significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and prediction of heart disease, further investigation is still needed.Data mining techniques have been applied magnificently in many fields, including science, the web, business, bioinformatics, and on different types of data such as sensor data, visual, textual. Medical data is still information rich, but knowledge poor. Data mining is a tool that we can use it to predict or detect the heart diseases based on previous data in the standard dataset. >The objective of this thesis is to design, implement and introduce a new hybrid >One hybrid >One part of our proposed method (Approach two) has used CFS algorithm for selecting the best features at the feature level. In all approaches, KNN, DT, NB and SVM >We designed and implemented a method, which uses single >The best result of the base method for Cleveland dataset was equal to 83.82% of >Finally, maximum >

  Design of Compact Quad-Band Bandpass Filter with Simple Structure and Controllable Frequencies Using Single Rectangular Ring Resonator

Design, Simulation and Fabrication of microstrip ultra- wide band (UWB) band pass filter (BPF) with triple notched using stepped impedance resonator.

  تبديل سيگنال هاي اي اي جي چند كاناله به صدا به منظور تشخيص الگوهاي غير طبيعي

  umerical Study Of the Effect of Local Change of Channel Width On Flow Pattern In Open-Channel Junction