Razi University

  the removal efficiency of pharmaceutical compounds. The optimal membrane containing 0.6 wt% nanoparticles, achieving a 2.3-fold increase in flux, a 48% reduction in water contact angle, approximately a twofold increase in flux recovery, and over 96% removal efficiency for the target antibiotics, exhibits promising potential for application in the treatment of industrial and hospital wastewater. Moreover, the utilization of bio-based resources such as black tea extract and sunflower seed hulls in the synthesis and modification of nanoparticles, while employing biobased materials and agricultural waste, can provide a more environmentally friendly and potentially cost-effective approach for preparing materials used in membrane technologies.??:?? بعدازظهر